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Potential health benefits of fermented blueberry: A review of current scientific evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Cofactor Self-Sufficient Whole-Cell Biocatalysts for the Relay-Race Synthesis of Shikimic Acid. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikimic acid (SA) is a key intermediate in the aromatic amino-acid biosynthetic pathway, as well as an important precursor for synthesizing many valuable antiviral drugs. The asymmetric reduction of 3-dehydroshikimic acid (DHS) to SA is catalyzed by shikimate dehydrogenase (AroE) using NADPH as the cofactor; however, the intracellular NADPH supply limits the biosynthetic capability of SA. Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is an efficient enzyme which is typically used for NAD(P)H regeneration in biocatalytic processes. In this study, a series of NADPH self-sufficient whole-cell biocatalysts were constructed, and the biocatalyst co-expressing Bmgdh–aroE showed the highest conversion rate for the reduction of DHS to SA. Then, the preparation of whole-cell biocatalysts by fed-batch fermentation without supplementing antibiotics was developed on the basis of the growth-coupled l-serine auxotroph. After optimizing the whole-cell biocatalytic conditions, a titer of 81.6 g/L SA was obtained from the supernatant of fermentative broth in 98.4% yield (mol/mol) from DHS with a productivity of 40.8 g/L/h, and cofactor NADP+ or NADPH was not exogenously supplemented during the whole biocatalytic process. The efficient relay-race synthesis of SA from glucose by coupling microbial fermentation with a biocatalytic process was finally achieved. This work provides an effective strategy for the biosynthesis of fine chemicals that are difficult to obtain through de novo biosynthesis from renewable feedstocks, as well as for biocatalytic studies that strictly rely on NAD(P)H regeneration.
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Tadi SRR, Nehru G, Sivaprakasam S. One-Pot Biosynthesis of 3-Aminopropionic Acid from Fumaric Acid Using Recombinant Bacillus megaterium Containing a Linear Dual-Enzyme Cascade. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1740-1754. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tadi SRR, Nehru G, Sivaprakasam S. Combinatorial approach for improved production of whole-cell 3-aminopropionic acid in recombinant Bacillus megaterium: codon optimization, gene duplication and process optimization. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:333. [PMID: 34221804 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a Bacillus megaterium based whole-cell biocatalyst for the bio-production of 3-aminopropionic acid (3-APA). l-aspartate-α-decarboxylases (ADC) (EC: 4.1.1.11) from Escherichia coli, B. megaterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Bacillus subtilis were expressed in B. megaterium. B. subtilis derived ADC (panD Bs ) exhibited the highest ADC activity of 0.9 ± 0.02 U/mL in recombinant B. megaterium. Combination of codon optimization and gene duplication strategies resulted in 415.56% enhancement of ADC activity compared to panD Bs . The culture growth conditions of B. megaterium (BMD-7) for 3-APA production were optimized as follows: inducer concentration, 0.5% (w/v); time of induction, 3 h; induction temperature, 37 °C and post-induction incubation time, 8 h. Improvement of the whole-cell biocatalytic process efficiency, was dealt by optimization of reaction temperature, reaction pH, metal ion additives and l-aspartic acid concentration. Shake flask level experiments yielded an enhanced 3-APA titer (16.18 ± 0.26 g/L) and a yield of 0.89 g/g under optimized conditions viz., 45 °C, pH 6.0 and 20 g/L of l-aspartic acid. This study demonstrates the potential of B. megaterium for 3-APA production and paves the scope for the development of 3-APA producing strains in near future. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02885-7.
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Farag MA, Hegazi NM, Donia MS. Molecular networking based LC/MS reveals novel biotransformation products of green coffee by ex vivo cultures of the human gut microbiome. Metabolomics 2020; 16:86. [PMID: 32748036 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unroasted green coffee bean is an increasingly popular beverage and weight loss supplement that contains higher levels of chlorogenic acid derivatives and lower alkaloid levels than roasted beans. Nonetheless, how the gut microbiome metabolizes green coffee constituents has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To identify possible biotransformation products of green coffee extract by the human gut microbiome, and the potential implications of this process on its biological effects or fate inside the body. METHODS Molecular networking via the GNPS platform was employed for the visualization of green coffee metabolite profiles acquired using LC-tandem mass spectrometry post-incubation with an ex vivo culture of the human gut microbiome. RESULTS 36 Metabolites were annotated including four unreported alkyl cinnamate esters in green coffee along with six novel biotransformation products. CONCLUSION Our finding reveals new biotransformation products of cinnamate esters by the gut microbiome mediated via oxidative reactions such as dehydrogenation and hydroxylation, along with methylation, decarboxylation, and deglycosylation. These findings reveal potential interactions between the gut microbiome and green coffee constituents, and paves the way towards studying the effects of these interactions on both microbiome and the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine M Hegazi
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Division of Pharmaceutical Industries, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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Aminian-Dehkordi J, Mousavi SM, Jafari A, Mijakovic I, Marashi SA. Manually curated genome-scale reconstruction of the metabolic network of Bacillus megaterium DSM319. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18762. [PMID: 31822710 PMCID: PMC6904757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium is a microorganism widely used in industrial biotechnology for production of enzymes and recombinant proteins, as well as in bioleaching processes. Precise understanding of its metabolism is essential for designing engineering strategies to further optimize B. megaterium for biotechnology applications. Here, we present a genome-scale metabolic model for B. megaterium DSM319, iJA1121, which is a result of a metabolic network reconciliation process. The model includes 1709 reactions, 1349 metabolites, and 1121 genes. Based on multiple-genome alignments and available genome-scale metabolic models for other Bacillus species, we constructed a draft network using an automated approach followed by manual curation. The refinements were performed using a gap-filling process. Constraint-based modeling was used to scrutinize network features. Phenotyping assays were performed in order to validate the growth behavior of the model using different substrates. To verify the model accuracy, experimental data reported in the literature (growth behavior patterns, metabolite production capabilities, metabolic flux analysis using 13C glucose and formaldehyde inhibitory effect) were confronted with model predictions. This indicated a very good agreement between in silico results and experimental data. For example, our in silico study of fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid accumulation in B. megaterium highlighted the importance of adopting appropriate carbon sources for fermentation purposes. We conclude that the genome-scale metabolic model iJA1121 represents a useful tool for systems analysis and furthers our understanding of the metabolism of B. megaterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Aminian-Dehkordi
- Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arezou Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Padhi EMT, Maharaj N, Lin SY, Mishchuk DO, Chin E, Godfrey K, Foster E, Polek M, Leveau JHJ, Slupsky CM. Metabolome and Microbiome Signatures in the Roots of Citrus Affected by Huanglongbing. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:2022-2032. [PMID: 31433274 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-19-0103-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a severe, incurable citrus disease caused by the bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas). Although citrus leaves serve as the site of initial infection, CLas is known to migrate to and colonize the root system; however, little is known about the impact of CLas infection on root metabolism and resident microbial communities. Scions of 'Lisbon' lemon and 'Washington Navel' orange grafted onto 'Carrizo' rootstock were grafted with either CLas-infected citrus budwood or uninfected budwood. Roots were obtained from trees 46 weeks after grafting and analyzed via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify water-soluble root metabolites and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicons to determine the relative abundance of bacterial and fungal taxa in the root rhizosphere and endosphere. In both citrus varieties, 27 metabolites were identified, of which several were significantly different between CLas(+) and control plants. CLas infection also appeared to alter the microbial community structure near and inside the roots of citrus plants. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed distinct metabolite and microbial profiles, demonstrating that CLas impacts the root metabolome and microbiome in a manner that is variety-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M T Padhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Nilesh Maharaj
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shin-Yi Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Darya O Mishchuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elizabeth Chin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Kris Godfrey
- Contained Research Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elizabeth Foster
- Contained Research Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Marylou Polek
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service National Germplasm Repository, Riverside, CA 92507
| | - Johan H J Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Tadych M, Vorsa N, Wang Y, Bergen MS, Johnson-Cicalese J, Polashock JJ, White JF. Interactions between cranberries and fungi: the proposed function of organic acids in virulence suppression of fruit rot fungi. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:835. [PMID: 26322038 PMCID: PMC4536381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry fruit are a rich source of bioactive compounds that may function as constitutive or inducible barriers against rot-inducing fungi. The content and composition of these compounds change as the season progresses. Several necrotrophic fungi cause cranberry fruit rot disease complex. These fungi remain mostly asymptomatic until the fruit begins to mature in late August. Temporal fluctuations and quantitative differences in selected organic acid profiles between fruit of six cranberry genotypes during the growing season were observed. The concentration of benzoic acid in fruit increased while quinic acid decreased throughout fruit development. In general, more rot-resistant genotypes (RR) showed higher levels of benzoic acid early in fruit development and more gradual decline in quinic acid levels than that observed in the more rot-susceptible genotypes. We evaluated antifungal activities of selected cranberry constituents and found that most bioactive compounds either had no effects or stimulated growth or reactive oxygen species (ROS) secretion of four tested cranberry fruit rot fungi, while benzoic acid and quinic acid reduced growth and suppressed secretion of ROS by these fungi. We propose that variation in the levels of ROS suppressive compounds, such as benzoic and quinic acids, may influence virulence by the fruit rot fungi. Selection for crops that maintain high levels of virulence suppressive compounds could yield new disease resistant varieties. This could represent a new strategy for control of disease caused by necrotrophic pathogens that exhibit a latent or endophytic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tadych
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers UniversityChatsworth, NJ, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marshall S. Bergen
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese
- Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers UniversityChatsworth, NJ, USA
| | - James J. Polashock
- Genetic Improvement of Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and ExtensionChatsworth, NJ, USA
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Blatchford P, Bentley-Hewitt KL, Stoklosinski H, McGhie T, Gearry R, Gibson G, Ansell J. In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:829-39. [PMID: 26123782 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new Actinidia chinensis gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar 'Zesy002' was tested to investigate whether it could positively modulate the composition of the human colonic microbiota. Digested Zesy002 kiwifruit was added to in vitro pH-controlled anaerobic batch fermenters that were inoculated with representative human faecal microbiota. Alterations to the gut microbial ecology were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolic end products were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Results indicated a substantial shift in the composition of bacteria within the gut models caused by kiwifruit supplementation. Zesy002 supplemented microbiota had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. after 48 h of fermentation compared with the start of the fermentation. Organic acids from kiwifruit were able to endure simulated gastrointestinal digestion and were detectable in the first 10 h of fermentation. The fermentable carbohydrates were converted to beneficial organic acids with a particular predilection for propionate production, corresponding with the rise in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides spp. These results support the claim that Zesy002 kiwifruit non-digestible fractions can effect favourable changes to the human colonic microbial community and primary metabolites, and demonstrate a hitherto unknown effect of Zesy002 on colonic microbiota under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blatchford
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.,2 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - K L Bentley-Hewitt
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - H Stoklosinski
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - T McGhie
- 1 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - R Gearry
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag 4710, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G Gibson
- 2 Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - J Ansell
- 4 Zespri International Limited, 400 Maunganui Road, P.O. Box 4043, Mt Maunganui 3149, New Zealand
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