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Guo H, Li W, Yang Z, Xing X. E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH1 reduces inflammation and pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PCSK9 downregulation. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:346-361. [PMID: 39115562 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis has been regarded as caspase-1-mediated monocyte death that induces inflammation, showing a critical and detrimental role in the development of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). MARCH1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exerts potential anti-inflammatory functions. Therefore, the study probed into the significance of MARCH1 in inflammation and pyroptosis elicited by cerebral IRI. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R)-treated mice and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated hippocampal neurons were established to simulate cerebral IRI in vivo and in vitro. MARCH1 and PCSK9 expression was tested in MCAO/R-operated mice, and their interaction was identified by means of the cycloheximide assay and co-immunoprecipitation. The functional roles of MARCH1 and PCSK9 in cerebral IRI were subsequently determined by examining the neurological function, brain tissue changes, neuronal viability, inflammation, and pyroptosis through ectopic expression and knockdown experiments. PCSK9 expression was increased in the brain tissues of MCAO/R mice, while PCSK9 knockdown reduced brain damage and neurological deficits. Additionally, inflammation and pyroptosis were inhibited in OGD/R-exposed hippocampal neurons upon PCSK9 knockdown, accompanied by LDLR upregulation and NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation. Mechanistic experiments revealed that MARCH1 mediated ubiquitination and degradation of PCSK9, lowering PCSK9 protein expression. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that MARCH1 suppressed inflammation and pyroptosis after cerebral IRI by downregulating PCSK9 both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, the present study demonstrate the protective effect of MARCH1 against cerebral IRI through PCSK9 downregulation, which might contribute to the discovery of new therapies for improving cerebral IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Guo
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430080, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430080, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430080, China
| | - Xiaobin Xing
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430080, China.
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Guo Z, Yang C, Li Y, Li B, Liu Y, Zheng H. Sulforaphane inhibits TGF-β-induced fibrogenesis and inflammation in human Tenon's fibroblasts. Mol Vis 2023; 29:306-316. [PMID: 38264611 PMCID: PMC10805336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Subconjunctival fibrosis is the main cause of failure after glaucoma filtration surgery. We explored the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) on the conversion of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTFs) into myofibroblasts, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced contraction of collagen gel, and inflammation. Methods After treatment with the combination of TGF-β and SFN or TGF-β alone, primary HTFs were subjected to a three-dimensional collagen contraction experiment to examine their contractility. Levels of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM), and phosphorylation of various signaling molecules were determined by western blot or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Fluorescence microscopy was employed to examine stress fiber formation in HTFs. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were determined using RT-qPCR. Results The contraction of myofibroblasts caused by TGF-β was significantly suppressed by SFN. This suppressive effect was exerted via the differentiation of HTFs into myofibroblasts by inhibiting the production of fibronectin and the expression of α-SMA. Moreover, SFN treatment reduced the expression of TGF-β-promoted integrins β1 and α5, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, and stress fiber formation, as well as the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and CTGF. Finally, TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylations were attenuated by SFN. Conclusions SFN inhibits HTF contractility, differentiation into myofibroblasts, and inflammation caused by TGF-β. These effects are mediated by both classic and non-classic signaling pathways. Our results indicate that SFN has potent anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in HTFs and is a potential candidate for subconjunctival fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Yangbin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Zihan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Yunzepeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Binhui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, PR China
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Reeder BJ. Insights into the function of cytoglobin. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1907-1919. [PMID: 37721133 PMCID: PMC10657185 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2001, the function of cytoglobin has remained elusive. Through extensive in vitro and in vivo research, a range of potential physiological and pathological mechanisms has emerged for this multifunctional member of the hemoglobin family. Currently, over 200 research publications have examined different aspects of cytoglobin structure, redox chemistry and potential roles in cell signalling pathways. This research is wide ranging, but common themes have emerged throughout the research. This review examines the current structural, biochemical and in vivo knowledge of cytoglobin published over the past two decades. Radical scavenging, nitric oxide homeostasis, lipid binding and oxidation and the role of an intramolecular disulfide bond on the redox chemistry are examined, together with aspects and roles for Cygb in cancer progression and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, U.K
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Wang WW, Li HY, Yan HH. Effectiveness of conjunctival bleb scarring by knock-down of heat shock protein 47 in rat model. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1589-1594. [PMID: 37854383 PMCID: PMC10559040 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of knock-down of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) on conjunctival bleb scarring in a rat model and its possible mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) and were treated with either phosphate buffered solution, shControl, mitomycin C, or sh-HSP47 using a microsyringe immediately after GFS. The morphology of filtering blebs was observed postoperatively. The levels of HSP47 were analyzed at 2, 5, 8, and 11d after GFS via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. The silencing effect of HSP47, the expression of collagen I and III, and the potential signaling pathways of HSP47 during scarification were explored 11d post GFS. The protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), phospho-Smad2 (pSmad2), phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3), and phospho-p38 (p-p38) were also analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS Sh-HSP47 treatment significantly prolonged the functional filtration bleb retention. The levels of HSP47 were increased significantly at 5, 8, and 11d postoperatively compared to the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001). The levels of HSP47 protein at day 11 postoperatively were significantly down-regulated after HSP47 silencing using sh-HSP47 adenovirus transfection (P<0.01). Expression levels of collagen I and III within the blebs were significantly reduced in the absence of HSP47 (P<0.01). Moreover, the protein levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, and p-p38 were dramatically inhibited after treatment with sh-HSP47 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of HSP47 knock-down on scarring after GFS have the potential to be an efficacious therapeutic option for the treatment of conjunctival bleb scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huan-Huan Yan
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
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Wang Y, Yu Y, Xu M, Zhou J, Kang G, Li K. Circ_0080940 Regulates miR-139-5p/CTGF Pathway to Promote the Proliferation, Migration, Extracellular Matrix Deposition of Human Tenon's Capsule Fibroblasts. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:34-43. [PMID: 36260079 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2138449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circular RNA (circRNA) has been identified as an important regulator for glaucoma progression. Our study aims to reveal the circ_0080940 roles in glaucoma progression. METHODS Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was used to treat human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) to mimic glaucoma cell models. Cell function was determined by cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay and wound healing assay. Protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure RNA expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to evaluate RNA interaction. RESULTS Our data confirmed that TGF-β1 induced HTFs proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Circ_0080940 was highly expressed in glaucoma patients, and its knockdown inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation, migration and ECM deposition in HTFs. Circ_0080940 sponged miR-139-5p, and anti-miR-139-5p revoked the effect of si-circ_0080940 on the biological functions of TGF-β1-induced HTFs. CTGF was targeted by miR-139-5p, and overexpressed CTGF overturned the inhibition effect of miR-139-5p on the biological functions of TGF-β1-induced HTFs. Furthermore, CTGF expression could be positively regulated by circ_0080940. CONCLUSION To sum up, we confirmed that circ_0080940 contributed to glaucoma progression by miR-139-5p/CTGF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinggui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manhua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gangjin Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Wang WW, Yu HZ, Yang X, Xu QQ, Yan HH, Liu JR. High Levels of Heat Shock Protein 47 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Acute Primary Angle Closure. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:307-311. [PMID: 36315987 DOI: 10.1159/000527634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is often characterized by acute elevation of intraocular pressure accompanied by severe ocular and systemic symptoms. Excessive collagen accumulation, which can be caused by upregulated heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) expression, can produce scarring in rat conjunctival blebs. Meanwhile, the presence of HSP47 in human aqueous humor and its levels are yet to be determined. METHODS We examined 32 consecutive patients with APAC and 16 age-matched participants without APAC scheduled for cataract surgery who were enrolled as a control group. Aqueous humor samples were collected from all subjects at the time of surgery and compared between the subjects with and without APAC. RESULTS The levels of HSP47 in the aqueous humor of patients with APAC (1,210.4 ± 450.2 pg/mL) were found to be significantly increased (p = 0.001) compared with those in the control group (863.4 ± 240.0 pg/mL). Notably, the levels of HSP47 negatively correlated with the age of patients with APAC (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION HSP47 was upregulated in the aqueous humor of patients with APAC and may play a role in scarring after trabeculectomy for APAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People' s Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an People' s Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People' s Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian-Qian Xu
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People' s Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan-Huan Yan
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People' s Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Rong Liu
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People' s Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Thuy LTT, Hai H, Kawada N. Role of cytoglobin, a novel radical scavenger, in stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:280-293. [PMID: 32492766 PMCID: PMC7364355 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb), a stellate cell-specific globin, has recently drawn attention due to its association with liver fibrosis. In the livers of both humans and rodents, Cygb is expressed only in stellate cells and can be utilized as a marker to distinguish stellate cells from hepatic fibroblast-derived myofibroblasts. Loss of Cygb accelerates liver fibrosis and cancer development in mouse models of chronic liver injury including diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, bile duct ligation-induced cholestasis, thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis, and choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This review focuses on the history of research into the role of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species in liver fibrosis and discusses the current perception of Cygb as a novel radical scavenger with an emphasis on its role in hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hoang Hai
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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