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Dwivedi M, Jose S, Gupta M, Devi SS, Raj R, Kumar D. Copper transporter protein (MctB) as a therapeutic target to elicit antimycobacterial activity against tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5334-5348. [PMID: 37340670 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2226728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a prehistoric infection and major etiologic agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is considered to have advanced from an early progenitor species found in Eastern Africa. By the 1800s, there were approximately 800 to 1000 fatality case reports per 100,000 people in Europe and North America. This research suggests an In-silico study to identify potential inhibitory compounds for the target Mycobacterial copper transport protein (Mctb). ADME-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to find promising compounds to modulate the function of the target protein. Four chemical compounds, namely Anti-MCT1, Anti-MCT2, Anti-MCT3 and Anti-MCT4 out of 1500 small molecules from the Diverse-lib of MTiOpenScreen were observed to completely satisfy Lipinski rule of five and Veber's rule. Further, significantly steady interactions with the MctB target protein were observed. Docking experiments have presented 9 compounds with less than -9.0 kcal/mol free binding energies and further MD simulation eventually gave 4 compounds having potential interactions and affinity with target protein and favorable binding energy ranging from -9.2 to -9.3 kcal/mol. We may propose these compounds as an effective candidate to reduce the growth of M. tuberculosis and may also assist present a novel therapeutic approach for Tuberculosis. In vivo and In vitro validation would be needed to proceed further in this direction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandra Jose
- Technology and Advanced Studies, Vels Institute of Science, Chennai, India
| | - Megha Gupta
- Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Sreevidya S Devi
- Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Guallar-Garrido S, Soldati T. Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050698. [PMID: 39037280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic mycobacterium that causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a significant global health concern that poses numerous clinical challenges, particularly in terms of finding effective treatments for patients. Throughout evolution, host immune cells have developed cell-autonomous defence strategies to restrain and eliminate mycobacteria. Concurrently, mycobacteria have evolved an array of virulence factors to counteract these host defences, resulting in a dynamic interaction between host and pathogen. Here, we review recent findings, including those arising from the use of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model to investigate key mycobacterial infection pathways. D. discoideum serves as a scalable and genetically tractable model for human phagocytes, providing valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. We also highlight certain similarities between M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum, and the use of M. marinum to more safely investigate mycobacteria in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guallar-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Science II, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Science II, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
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Shivangi, Khan Y, Ekka MK, Meena LS. Structural and functional characterization of mycobacterial PhoH2 and identification of potential inhibitor of its enzymatic activity. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1033-1051. [PMID: 38386260 PMCID: PMC11153397 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed of a cumbersome signaling and protein network which partakes in bacterial survival and augments its pathogenesis. Mycobacterial PhoH2 (Mt-PhoH2) is a signaling element and a predictive phosphate starvation protein that works in an ATP-dependent manner. Here, we elaborated the characterization of Mt-PhoH2 through biophysical, biochemical, and computational methods. In addition to its intrinsic ATPase activity, the biochemical experiments revealed its GTPase activity and both activities are metal ion dependent. Magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, nickel, zinc, cesium, calcium, and lithium were examined for their effect on activity, and the optimum activity was found with 10 mM of Mg2+ ions. The kinetic parameters of 3 µM Mt-PhoH2 were observed as Km 4.873 ± 0.44 µM, Vmax 12.3817 ± 0.084 µM/min/mg, Kcat 0.0075 ± 0.00005 s-1, and Kcat/Km 0.0015 ± 0.000001 µM-1 s-1 with GTP. In the case of GTP as a substrate, a 20% decrease in enzymatic activity and a 50% increase in binding affinity of Mt-PhoH2 were observed. The substrates ADP and GDP inhibit the ATPase and GTPase activity of Mt-PhoH2. CD spectroscopy showed the dominance of alpha helix in the secondary structure of Mt-PhoH2, and this structural pattern was altered upon addition of ATP and GTP. In silico inhibitor screening revealed ML141 and NAV_2729 as two potential inhibitors of the catalytic activity of Mt-PhoH2. Mt-PhoH2 is essential for mycobacterial growth as its knockdown strain showed a decreased growth effect. Overall, the present article emphasizes the factors essential for the proper functioning of Mt-PhoH2 which is a participant in the toxin-antitoxin machinery and may also play an important role in phosphate starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Yasmeen Khan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Mary Krishna Ekka
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Shi Y, Zhao J, Chen L, Li H, Zhang S, Gao F. Double open mouse-like terpyridine parts based amphiphilic ionic molecules displaying strengthened chemical adsorption for anticorrosion of copper in sulfuric acid solution. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mycobacterial resistance to zinc poisoning requires assembly of P-ATPase-containing membrane metal efflux platforms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4731. [PMID: 35961955 PMCID: PMC9374683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires a P1B-ATPase metal exporter, CtpC (Rv3270), for resistance to zinc poisoning. Here, we show that zinc resistance also depends on a chaperone-like protein, PacL1 (Rv3269). PacL1 contains a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic region with glutamine/alanine repeats and a C-terminal metal-binding motif (MBM). PacL1 binds Zn2+, but the MBM is required only at high zinc concentrations. PacL1 co-localizes with CtpC in dynamic foci in the mycobacterial plasma membrane, and the two proteins form high molecular weight complexes. Foci formation does not require flotillin nor the PacL1 MBM. However, deletion of the PacL1 Glu/Ala repeats leads to loss of CtpC and sensitivity to zinc. Genes pacL1 and ctpC appear to be in the same operon, and homologous gene pairs are found in the genomes of other bacteria. Furthermore, PacL1 colocalizes and functions redundantly with other PacL orthologs in M. tuberculosis. Overall, our results indicate that PacL proteins may act as scaffolds that assemble P-ATPase-containing metal efflux platforms mediating bacterial resistance to metal poisoning. The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires a metal exporter, CtpC, for resistance to zinc poisoning. Here, the authors show that zinc resistance also depends on a chaperone-like protein that binds zinc ions, forms high-molecular-weight complexes with CtpC in the cytoplasmic membrane, and is required for CtpC function.
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Novoa-Aponte L, Argüello JM. Unique underlying principles shaping copper homeostasis networks. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:509-528. [PMID: 35802193 PMCID: PMC9470648 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Copper is essential in cells as a cofactor for key redox enzymes. Bacteria have acquired molecular components that sense, uptake, distribute, and expel copper ensuring that cuproenzymes are metallated and steady-state metal levels are maintained. Toward preventing deleterious reactions, proteins bind copper ions with high affinities and transfer the metal via ligand exchange, warranting that copper ions are always complexed. Consequently, the directional copper distribution within cell compartments and across cell membranes requires specific dynamic interactions and metal exchange between cognate holo-apo protein partners. These metal exchange reactions are determined by thermodynamic and kinetics parameters and influenced by mass action. Then, copper distribution can be conceptualized as a molecular system of singular interacting elements that maintain a physiological copper homeostasis. This review focuses on the impact of copper high-affinity binding and exchange reactions on the homeostatic mechanisms, the conceptual models to describe the cell as a homeostatic system, the various molecule functions that contribute to copper homeostasis, and the alternative system architectures responsible for copper homeostasis in model bacteria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Genetics and Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Role of a Putative Alkylhydroperoxidase Rv2159c in the Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060684. [PMID: 35745538 PMCID: PMC9227533 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, M. tuberculosis primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), within the phagocytes to neutralize the bacteria. OxyR is the master regulator of oxidative stress response in several bacterial species. However, due to the absence of a functional oxyR locus in M. tuberculosis, the peroxidase stress is controlled by alkylhydroperoxidases. M. tuberculosis expresses alkylhydroperoxide reductase to counteract the toxic effects of ROS. In the current study, we report the functional characterization of an orthologue of alkylhydroperoxidase family member, Rv2159c, a conserved protein with putative peroxidase activity, during stress response and virulence of M. tuberculosis. We generated a gene knockout mutant of M. tuberculosis Rv2159c (MtbΔ2159) by specialized transduction. The MtbΔ2159 was sensitive to oxidative stress and exposure to toxic transition metals. In a human monocyte (THP-1) cell infection model, MtbΔ2159 showed reduced uptake and intracellular survival and increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, including IL-1β, IP-10, and MIP-1α, compared to the wild type M. tuberculosis and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains. Similarly, in a guinea pig model of pulmonary infection, MtbΔ2159 displayed growth attenuation in the lungs, compared to the wild type M. tuberculosis and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains. Our study suggests that Rv2159c has a significant role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis during stress and virulence of M. tuberculosis.
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Shey-Njila O, Hikal AF, Gupta T, Sakamoto K, Yahyaoui Azami H, Watford WT, Quinn FD, Karls RK. CtpB Facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth in Copper-Limited Niches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5713. [PMID: 35628523 PMCID: PMC9147137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is required for aerobic respiration by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its human host, but this essential element is toxic in abundance. Copper nutritional immunity refers to host processes that modulate levels of free copper to alternately starve and intoxicate invading microbes. Bacteria engulfed by macrophages are initially contained within copper-limited phagosomes, which fuse with ATP7A vesicles that pump in toxic levels of copper. In this report, we examine how CtpB, a P-type ATPase in M. tuberculosis, aids in response to nutritional immunity. In vitro, the induced expression of ctpB in copper-replete medium inhibited mycobacterial growth, while deletion of the gene impaired growth only in copper-starved medium and within copper-limited host cells, suggesting a role for CtpB in copper acquisition or export to the copper-dependent respiration supercomplex. Unexpectedly, the absence of ctpB resulted in hypervirulence in the DBA/2 mouse infection model. As ctpB null strains exhibit diminished growth only in copper-starved conditions, reduced copper transport may have enabled the mutant to acquire a "Goldilocks" amount of the metal during transit through copper-intoxicating environments within this model system. This work reveals CtpB as a component of the M. tuberculosis toolkit to counter host nutritional immunity and underscores the importance of elucidating copper-uptake mechanisms in pathogenic mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Shey-Njila
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Ahmed F. Hikal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Tuhina Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Hind Yahyaoui Azami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Wendy T. Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Frederick D. Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Russell K. Karls
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (O.S.-N.); (A.F.H.); (T.G.); (H.Y.A.); (W.T.W.); (F.D.Q.)
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Mathivanan K, Chandirika JU, Vinothkanna A, Yin H, Liu X, Meng D. Bacterial adaptive strategies to cope with metal toxicity in the contaminated environment - A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112863. [PMID: 34619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination poses a serious environmental hazard, globally necessitating intricate attention. Heavy metals can cause deleterious health hazards to humans and other living organisms even at low concentrations. Environmental biotechnologists and eco-toxicologists have rigorously assessed a plethora of bioremediation mechanisms that can hamper the toxic outcomes and the molecular basis for rejuvenating the hazardous impacts, optimistically. Environmental impact assessment and restoration of native and positive scenario has compelled biological management in ensuring safety replenishment in polluted realms often hindered by heavy metal toxicity. Copious treatment modalities have been corroborated to mitigate the detrimental effects to remove heavy metals from polluted sites. In particular, Biological-based treatment methods are of great attention in the metal removal sector due to their high efficiency at low metal concentrations, ecofriendly nature, and cost-effectiveness. Due to rapid multiplication and growth rates, bacteria having metal resistance are advocated for metal removal applications. Evolutionary implications of coping with heavy metals toxicity have redressed bacterial adaptive/resistance strategies related to physiological and cross-protective mechanisms. Ample reviews have been reported for the bacterial adaptive strategies to cope with heavy metal toxicity. Nevertheless, a holistic review summarizing the redox reactions that address the cross-reactivity mechanisms between metallothionein synthesis, extracellular polysaccharides production, siderophore production, and efflux systems of metal resistant bacteria are scarce. Molecular dissection of how bacteria adapt themselves to metal toxicity can augment novel and innovative technologies for efficient detoxification, removal, and combat the restorative difficulties for stress alleviations. The present comprehensive compilation addresses the identification of newer methodologies, summarizing the prevailing strategies of adaptive/resistance mechanisms in bacterial bioremediation. Further pitfalls and respective future directions are enumerated in invigorating effective bioremediation technologies including overexpression studies and delivery systems. The analysis will aid in abridging the gap for limitations in heavy metal removal strategies and necessary cross-talk in elucidating the complex cascade of events in better bioremediation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamurthy Mathivanan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Jayaraman Uthaya Chandirika
- Environmental Nanotechnology Division, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu 627412, India
| | - Annadurai Vinothkanna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; The Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Environmental Microbiome and Application, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China; The Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Environmental Microbiome and Application, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
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Wang Q, Lu X, Chen X, Zhao L, Han M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Ye W. Genome-wide identification and function analysis of HMAD gene family in cotton (Gossypium spp.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:386. [PMID: 34416873 PMCID: PMC8377987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abiotic stress such as soil salinization and heavy metal toxicity has posed a major threat to sustainable crop production worldwide. Previous studies revealed that halophytes were supposed to tolerate other stress including heavy metal toxicity. Though HMAD (heavy-metal-associated domain) was reported to play various important functions in Arabidopsis, little is known in Gossypium. RESULTS A total of 169 G. hirsutum genes were identified belonging to the HMAD gene family with the number of amino acids ranged from 56 to 1011. Additionally, 84, 76 and 159 HMAD genes were identified in each G. arboreum, G. raimondii and G. barbadense, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the HMAD gene family were divided into five classes, and 87 orthologs of HMAD genes were identified in four Gossypium species, such as genes Gh_D08G1950 and Gh_A08G2387 of G. hirsutum are orthologs of the Gorai.004G210800.1 and Cotton_A_25987 gene in G. raimondii and G. arboreum, respectively. In addition, 15 genes were lost during evolution. Furthermore, conserved sequence analysis found the conserved catalytic center containing an anion binding (CXXC) box. The HMAD gene family showed a differential expression levels among different tissues and developmental stages in G. hirsutum with the different cis-elements for abiotic stress. CONCLUSIONS Current study provided important information about HMAD family genes under salt-stress in Gossypium genome, which would be useful to understand its putative functions in different species of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Mingge Han
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
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Serafini A. Interplay between central carbon metabolism and metal homeostasis in mycobacteria and other human pathogens. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2021; 167. [PMID: 34080971 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial nutrition is a fundamental aspect of pathogenesis. While the host environment is in principle nutrient-rich, hosts have evolved strategies to interfere with nutrient acquisition by pathogens. In turn, pathogens have developed mechanisms to circumvent these restrictions. Changing the availability of bioavailable metal ions is a common strategy used by hosts to limit bacterial replication. Macrophages and neutrophils withhold iron, manganese, and zinc ions to starve bacteria. Alternatively, they can release manganese, zinc, and copper ions to intoxicate microorganisms. Metals are essential micronutrients and participate in catalysis, macromolecular structure, and signalling. This review summarises our current understanding of how central carbon metabolism in pathogens adapts to local fluctuations in free metal ion concentrations. We focus on the transcriptomics and proteomics data produced in studies of the iron-sparing response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, and consequently generate a hypothetical model linking trehalose accumulation, succinate secretion and substrate-level phosphorylation in iron-starved M. tuberculosis. This review also aims to highlight a large gap in our knowledge of pathogen physiology: the interplay between metal homeostasis and central carbon metabolism, two cellular processes which are usually studied separately. Integrating metabolism and metal biology would allow the discovery of new weaknesses in bacterial physiology, leading to the development of novel and improved antibacterial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Serafini
- Independent researcher 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
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12
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Grosse-Siestrup BT, Gupta T, Helms S, Tucker SL, Voskuil MI, Quinn FD, Karls RK. A Role for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sigma Factor C in Copper Nutritional Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2118. [PMID: 33672733 PMCID: PMC7924339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma factor C (SigC) contributes to Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence in various animal models, but the stress response coordinated by this transcription factor was undefined. The results presented here indicate that SigC prevents copper starvation. Whole genome expression studies demonstrate short-term (4-h) induction of sigC, controlled from a tetracycline-inducible promoter, upregulates ctpB and genes in the nonribosomal peptide synthase (nrp) operon. These genes are expressed at higher levels after 48-h sigC induction, but also elevated are genes encoding copper-responsive regulator RicR and RicR-regulated copper toxicity response operon genes rv0846-rv0850, suggesting prolonged sigC induction results in excessive copper uptake. No growth and global transcriptional differences are observed between a sigC null mutant relative to its parent strain in 7H9 medium. In a copper-deficient medium, however, growth of the sigC deletion strain lags the parent, and 40 genes (including those in the nrp operon) are differentially expressed. Copper supplementation reverses the growth defect and silences most transcriptional differences. Together, these data support SigC as a transcriptional regulator of copper acquisition when the metal is scarce. Attenuation of sigC mutants in severe combined immunodeficient mice is consistent with an inability to overcome innate host defenses that sequester copper ions to deprive invading microbes of this essential micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Grosse-Siestrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.T.G.-S.); (T.G.); (S.H.); (S.L.T.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Tuhina Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.T.G.-S.); (T.G.); (S.H.); (S.L.T.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Shelly Helms
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.T.G.-S.); (T.G.); (S.H.); (S.L.T.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Samantha L. Tucker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.T.G.-S.); (T.G.); (S.H.); (S.L.T.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Martin I. Voskuil
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Frederick D. Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.T.G.-S.); (T.G.); (S.H.); (S.L.T.); (F.D.Q.)
| | - Russell K. Karls
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (B.T.G.-S.); (T.G.); (S.H.); (S.L.T.); (F.D.Q.)
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