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Rode S, Kaur H, Rani R, Lonare S, Sharma M, Tomar S, Kumar P, Roy P, Sharma AK. Deciphering the drug delivery potential of Type1 lipid transfer protein from Citrus sinensis for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 725:150253. [PMID: 38880080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Type1 Non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein (CsLTP1) from Citrus sinensis is a small cationic protein possessing a long tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity. CsLTP1 performing membrane trafficking of lipids is a promising candidate for developing a potent drug delivery system. The present work includes in-silico studies and the evaluation of drugs binding to CsLTP1 using biophysical techniques along with the investigation of CsLTP1's ability to enhance the efficacy of drugs employing cell-based bioassays. The in-silico investigations identified Panobinostat, Vorinostat, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, and Fulvestrant with higher affinities and stability of binding to the hydrophobic pocket of CsLTP1. SPR studies revealed strong binding affinities of anticancer drugs, Panobinostat (KD = 1.40 μM) and Vorinostat (KD = 2.17 μM) to CsLTP1 along with the binding and release kinetics. CD and fluorescent spectroscopy revealed drug-induced conformational changes in CsLTP1. CsLTP1-associated drug forms showed remarkably enhanced efficacy in MCF-7 cells, representing increased cell cytotoxicity, intracellular ROS, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and up-regulation of proapoptotic markers than the free drugs employing qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The findings demonstrate that CsLTP1 binds strongly to hydrophobic drugs to facilitate their transport, hence improving their therapeutic efficacy revealed by the in-vitro investigations. This study establishes an excellent foundation for developing CsLTP1-based efficient drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Ruchi Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Sapna Lonare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 247667.
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Sorourian S, Behzad Behbahani A, Forouzanfar M, Jafarinia M, Safari F. Time and Cost-Effective Genome Editing Protocol for Simultaneous Caspase 8 Associated Protein 2 Gene Knock in/out in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9 System. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:e3714. [PMID: 38827341 PMCID: PMC11139449 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2024.398567.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background CHO cells are preferred for producing biopharmaceuticals, and genome editing technologies offer opportunities to enhance recombinant protein production. Targeting apoptosis-related genes, such as Caspases 8-Associated Protein 2 (CASP8AP2), improves CHO cell viability and productivity. Integrating robust strategies with the CRISPR-Cas9 system enables its application in CHO cell engineering. Objectives This study was performed to develop a cost-effective protocol using the CRISPR-Cas9 system combined with the HITI strategy for simultaneous CASP8AP2 gene deletion/insertion in CHO cells and to assess its impact on cell viability and protein expression. Materials and Methods We developed an efficient protocol for CHO cell engineering by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with the HITI strategy. Two distinct sgRNA sequences were designed to target the 3' UTR region of the CASP8AP2 gene using CHOPCHOP software. The gRNAs were cloned into PX459 and PX460-1 vectors and transfected into CHO cells using the cost-effective PEI reagent. A manual selection system was employed to streamline the process of single-cell cloning. MTT assays assessed gene silencing and cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Flow cytometry evaluated protein expression in CASP8AP2-silenced CHO cells. Results The study confirmed the robustness of combining CRISPR-Cas9 with the HITI strategy, achieving a high 60% efficiency in generating knockout clones. PEI transfection successfully delivered the constructs to nearly 65% of the clones, with the majority being homozygous. The protocol proved feasible for resource-limited labs, requiring only an inverted fluorescent microscope. CASP8AP2 knockout (CHO-KO) cells exhibited significantly extended cell viability compared to CHO-K1 cells when treated with NaBu, with IC50 values of 7.28 mM and 14.25 mM at 48 hours, respectively (P-value 24 hours ≤ 0.0001, 48 hours ≤ 0.0001, P-value 72 hours = 0.0007). CHO CASP8AP2-silenced cells showed a 1.3-fold increase in JRed expression compared to native cells. Conclusions CRISPR-Cas9 and HITI strategy was used to efficiently engineer CHO cells for simultaneous CASP8AP2 gene deletion/insertion, which improved cell viability and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soofia Sorourian
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Behzad Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Forouzanfar
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Jafarinia
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Glinšek K, Bozovičar K, Bratkovič T. CRISPR Technologies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098144. [PMID: 37175850 PMCID: PMC10179654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is a well-established platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to its ability to express complex therapeutic proteins with human-like glycopatterns in high amounts. The advent of CRISPR technology has opened up new avenues for the engineering of CHO cell lines for improved protein production and enhanced product quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of CRISPR technology for CHO cell line engineering with a particular focus on glycosylation modulation, productivity enhancement, tackling adventitious agents, elimination of problematic host cell proteins, development of antibiotic-free selection systems, site-specific transgene integration, and CRISPR-mediated gene activation and repression. The review highlights the potential of CRISPR technology in CHO cell line genome editing and epigenetic engineering for the more efficient and cost-effective development of biopharmaceuticals while ensuring the safety and quality of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glinšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Amiri S, Adibzadeh S, Ghanbari S, Rahmani B, Kheirandish MH, Farokhi-Fard A, Dastjerdeh MS, Davami F. CRISPR-interceded CHO cell line development approaches. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:865-902. [PMID: 36597180 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
For industrial production of recombinant protein biopharmaceuticals, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells represent the most widely adopted host cell system, owing to their capacity to produce high-quality biologics with human-like posttranslational modifications. As opposed to random integration, targeted genome editing in genomic safe harbor sites has offered CHO cell line engineering a new perspective, ensuring production consistency in long-term culture and high biotherapeutic expression levels. Corresponding the remarkable advancements in knowledge of CRISPR-Cas systems, the use of CRISPR-Cas technology along with the donor design strategies has been pushed into increasing novel scenarios in cell line engineering, allowing scientists to modify mammalian genomes such as CHO cell line quickly, readily, and efficiently. Depending on the strategies and production requirements, the gene of interest can also be incorporated at single or multiple loci. This review will give a gist of all the most fundamental recent advancements in CHO cell line development, such as different cell line engineering approaches along with donor design strategies for targeted integration of the desired construct into genomic hot spots, which could ultimately lead to the fast-track product development process with consistent, improved product yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setare Adibzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Farokhi-Fard
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh S Dastjerdeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Safari F, Akbari B. Knockout of caspase-7 gene improves the expression of recombinant protein in CHO cell line through the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Biol Res 2022; 55:2. [PMID: 35016732 PMCID: PMC8753818 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been used routinely as a bioproduction factory of numerous biopharmaceuticals. So far, various engineering strategies have been recruited to improve the production efficiency of this cell line such as apoptosis engineering. Previously, it is reported that the caspase-7 deficiency in CHO cells reduces the cell proliferation rate. But the effect of this reduction on the CHO cell productivity remained unclear. Hence, in the study at hand the effect of caspase-7 deficiency was assessed on the cell growth, viability and protein expression. In addition, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was investigated in the absence of caspase-7. Results Findings showed that in the absence of caspase-7, both cell growth and cell viability were decreased. Cell cycle analysis illustrated that the CHO knockout (CHO-KO) cells experienced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. This cell cycle arrest resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in the expression of luciferase in CHO-KO cells compared to parenteral cells. Furthermore, in the apoptotic situation the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in CHO-KO cells was approximately 3 times more than CHO-K1 cells. Conclusions These findings represented that; however, caspase-7 deficiency reduces the cell proliferation rate but the resulted cell cycle arrest leads to the enhancement of recombinant protein expression. Moreover, increasing in the caspase-3 enzymatic activity compensates the absence of caspase-7 in the caspase cascade of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Meshkinfam Ave, Shiraz, Iran. .,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Akbari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Safari F, Afarid M, Rastegari B, Borhani-Haghighi A, Barekati-Mowahed M, Behzad-Behbahani A. CRISPR systems: Novel approaches for detection and combating COVID-19. Virus Res 2021; 294:198282. [PMID: 33428981 PMCID: PMC7832022 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type V and VI CRISPR enzymes are RNA-guided, DNA and RNA-targeting effectors that allow specific gene knockdown. Cas12 and Cas13 are CRISPR proteins that are efficient agents for diagnosis and combating single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. The programmability of these proteins paves the way for the detection and degradation of RNA viruses by targeting RNAs complementary to its CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Approximately two-thirds of viruses causing diseases contain ssRNA genomes. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has infected more than 88 million people worldwide with near 2 million deaths since December 2019. Thus, accurate and rapid diagnostic and therapeutic tools are essential for early detection and treatment of this widespread infectious disease. For us, the CRISPR based platforms seem to be a plausible new approach for an accurate detection and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we talk about Cas12 and Cas13 CRISPR systems and their applications in diagnosis and treatment of RNA virus mediated diseases. In continue, the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, and its conventional diagnostics and antivirals will be discussed. Moreover, we highlight novel CRISPR based diagnostic platforms and therapies for COVID-19. We also discuss the challenges of diagnostic CRISPR based platforms as well as clarifying the proposed solution for high efficient selective in vivo delivery of CRISPR components into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Safari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Afarid
- Shooshtari Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mazyar Barekati-Mowahed
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA
| | - Abbas Behzad-Behbahani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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