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Henriques C, Lopes MM, Silva AC, Lobo DD, Badin RA, Hantraye P, Pereira de Almeida L, Nobre RJ. Viral-based animal models in polyglutamine disorders. Brain 2024; 147:1166-1189. [PMID: 38284949 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine disorders are a complex group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion in the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine tract of the affected gene. To better understand these disorders, our dependence on animal models persists, primarily relying on transgenic models. In an effort to complement and deepen our knowledge, researchers have also developed animal models of polyglutamine disorders employing viral vectors. Viral vectors have been extensively used to deliver genes to the brain, not only for therapeutic purposes but also for the development of animal models, given their remarkable flexibility. In a time- and cost-effective manner, it is possible to use different transgenes, at varying doses, in diverse targeted tissues, at different ages, and in different species, to recreate polyglutamine pathology. This paper aims to showcase the utility of viral vectors in disease modelling, share essential considerations for developing animal models with viral vectors, and provide a comprehensive review of existing viral-based animal models for polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana D Lobo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Patel N, Alam N, Libohova K, Dulay R, Todi SV, Sujkowski A. Phenotypic defects from the expression of wild-type and pathogenic TATA-binding proteins in new Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad180. [PMID: 37551423 PMCID: PMC10542169 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17 (SCA17) is the most recently identified member of the polyglutamine (polyQ) family of disorders, resulting from abnormal CAG/CAA expansion in the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), an initiation factor essential for of all eukaryotic transcription. A largely autosomal dominant inherited disease, SCA17, is unique in both its heterogeneous clinical presentation and low incidence of genetic anticipation, the phenomenon in which subsequent generations inherit longer polyQ expansions that yield earlier and more severe symptom onset. Like other polyQ disease family members, SCA17 patients experience progressive ataxia and dementia, and treatments are limited to preventing symptoms and increasing quality of life. Here, we report 2 new Drosophila models that express human TBP with polyQ repeats in either wild-type or SCA17 patient range. We find that TBP expression has age- and tissue-specific effects on neurodegeneration, with polyQ-expanded SCA17 protein expression generally having more severe effects. In addition, SCA17 model flies accumulate more aggregation-prone TBP, with a greater proportion localizing to the nucleus. These new lines provide a new resource for the biochemical characterization of SCA17 pathology and the future identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ryan Dulay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Dash D, Mestre TA. Motor band sign in a Huntington disease phenocopy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 109:105333. [PMID: 36854213 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a 68-year-old lady who presented with Huntington phenocopy with generalized chorea and was genetically proven to have Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)17. MRI Brain demonstrated motor band sign, which is most commonly reported in motor neuron disease. This is the first case of motor band sign with SCA 17 and highlights the widening spectrum of radiological signs in SCA 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Dash
- Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tiago A Mestre
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and the University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Nanetti L, Magri S, Fichera M, Castaldo A, Nigri A, Pinardi C, Mongelli A, Sarro L, Pareyson D, Grisoli M, Gellera C, Di Bella D, Mariotti C, Taroni F. Complex Ataxia-Dementia Phenotype in Patients with Digenic TBP/STUB1 Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Mov Disord 2023; 38:665-675. [PMID: 36799493 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant disorders with extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We recently identified a form of SCA transmitted with a digenic pattern of inheritance caused by the concomitant presence of an intermediate-length expansion in TATA-box binding protein gene (TBP40-46 ) and a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the Stip1-homologous and U-Box containing protein 1 gene (STUB1). This SCATBP/STUB1 represents the first example of a cerebellar disorder in which digenic inheritance has been identified. OBJECTIVES We studied a large cohort of patients with SCATBP/STUB1 with the aim of describing specific clinical and neuroimaging features of this distinctive genotype. METHODS In this observational study, we recruited 65 affected and unaffected family members from 21 SCATBP/STUB1 families and from eight families with monogenic SCA17. Their characteristics and phenotypes were compared with those of 33 age-matched controls. RESULTS SCATBP/STUB1 patients had multi-domain dementia with a more severe impairment in respect to patient carrying only fully expanded SCA17 alleles. Cerebellar volume and thickness of cerebellar cortex were reduced in SCATBP/STUB1 compared with SCA17 patients (P = 0.03; P = 0.008). Basal ganglia volumes were reduced in both patient groups, as compared with controls, whereas brainstem volumes were significantly reduced in SCATBP/STUB1 , but not in SCA17 patients. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the complex SCATBP/STUB1 phenotype may impact on diagnosis and genetic counseling in the families with both hereditary and sporadic ataxia. The independent segregation of TBP and STUB1 alleles needs to be considered for recurrence risk and predictive genetic tests. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nanetti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Fichera
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Castaldo
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pinardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy.,Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Sarro
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Martini Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Grisoli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Milan, Italy
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de Oliveira DS, Pedroso JL, Barsottini O, Tomaselli PJ, Marques Júnior W, Vale TC. Small-Expanded Allele Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17 Leading to Broad Movement Disorder Phenotype in a Brazilian Patient. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:1151-1153. [PMID: 34738227 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sabino de Oliveira
- Neurology Service, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Avenida Catulo Breviglieri s/n, Bairro Santa Catarina, Juiz de Fora, MG, CEP 36036-110, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Barsottini
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Tomaselli
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- International Center for Genomic Medicine in Neuromuscular Diseases, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wilson Marques Júnior
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- International Center for Genomic Medicine in Neuromuscular Diseases, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thiago Cardoso Vale
- Neurology Service, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Avenida Catulo Breviglieri s/n, Bairro Santa Catarina, Juiz de Fora, MG, CEP 36036-110, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Magri S, Nanetti L, Gellera C, Sarto E, Rizzo E, Mongelli A, Ricci B, Fancellu R, Sambati L, Cortelli P, Brusco A, Bruzzone MG, Mariotti C, Di Bella D, Taroni F. Digenic inheritance of STUB1 variants and TBP polyglutamine expansions explains the incomplete penetrance of SCA17 and SCA48. Genet Med 2021; 24:29-40. [PMID: 34906452 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to unravel the genetic factors underlying missing heritability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) caused by polyglutamine-encoding CAG/CAA repeat expansions in the TBP gene. Alleles with >49 CAG/CAA repeats are fully penetrant. Most patients, however, carry intermediate TBP41-49 alleles that show incomplete penetrance. METHODS Using next-generation sequencing approaches, we investigated 40 SCA17/TBP41-54 index patients, their affected (n = 55) and unaffected (n = 51) relatives, and a cohort of patients with ataxia (n = 292). RESULTS All except 1 (30/31) of the index cases with TBP41-46 alleles carried a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the STUB1 gene associated with spinocerebellar ataxias SCAR16 (autosomal recessive) and SCA48 (autosomal dominant). No STUB1 variant was found in patients carrying TBP47-54 alleles. TBP41-46 expansions and STUB1 variants cosegregate in all affected family members, whereas the presence of either TBP41-46 expansions or STUB1 variants individually was never associated with the disease. CONCLUSION Our data reveal an unexpected genetic interaction between STUB1 and TBP in the pathogenesis of SCA17 and raise questions on the existence of SCA48 as a monogenic disease with crucial implications for diagnosis and counseling. They provide a convincing explanation for the incomplete penetrance of intermediate TBP alleles and demonstrate a dual inheritance pattern for SCA17, which is a monogenic dominant disorder for TBP≥47 alleles and a digenic TBP/STUB1 disease (SCA17-DI) for intermediate expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sarto
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Rizzo
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ricci
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Fancellu
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luisa Sambati
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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Pradeep S, Mehanna R. Gastrointestinal disorders in hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 90:125-133. [PMID: 34544654 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders have been thoroughly investigated in hypokinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, but much less is known about GI disorders in hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia. The aim of this review is to draw attention to the GI disorders that are associated with these movement disorders. METHODS References for this systematic review were identified by searches of PubMed through May 2020. Only publications in English were reviewed. RESULTS Data from 249 articles were critically reviewed, compared, and integrated. The most frequently reported GI symptoms overall in hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia are dysphagia, sialorrhea, weight changes, esophago-gastritis, gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhea, and malabsorption. We report in detail on the frequency, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management of GI symptoms in essential tremor, restless legs syndrome, chorea, and spinocerebellar ataxias. The limited available data on GI disorders in dystonias, paroxysmal movement disorders, tardive dyskinesias, myoclonus, and non-SCA ataxias are also summarized. CONCLUSION The purpose of our systematic review is to draw attention that, although primarily motor disorders, hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia can involve the GI system. Raising awareness about the GI symptom burden in hyperkinetic movement disorders and ataxia could contribute to a new research interest in that field, as well as improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pradeep
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raja Mehanna
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Ren Y, Zhang K, Zhang Q, Chen B, Niu S, Wang X, Zhang Z. A patient with SCA17 featuring 41 CAG repeats presents with spastic paraplegia and involuntary movement. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 89:87-89. [PMID: 34256333 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ren
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Songtao Niu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xingao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wernick AI, Walton RL, Soto-Beasley AI, Koga S, Heckman MG, Valentino RR, Milanowski LM, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Koziorowski D, Hassan A, Uitti RJ, Cheshire WP, Singer W, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Low PA, Ross OA. Frequency of spinocerebellar ataxia mutations in patients with multiple system atrophy. Clin Auton Res 2021; 31:117-125. [PMID: 33502644 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-020-00759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate single nucleotide variants and short tandem repeats in 39 genes related to spinocerebellar ataxia in clinical and pathologically defined cohorts of multiple system atrophy. METHODS Exome sequencing was conducted in 28 clinical multiple system atrophy patients to identify single nucleotide variants in spinocerebellar ataxia-related genes. Novel variants were validated in two independent disease cohorts: 86 clinically diagnosed multiple system atrophy patients and 166 pathological multiple system atrophy cases. Expanded repeat alleles in spinocerebellar ataxia genes were evaluated in 36 clinically diagnosed multiple system atrophy patients, and CAG/CAA repeats in TATA-Box Binding Protein (TBP, causative of SCA17) were screened in 216 clinical and pathological multiple system atrophy patients and 346 controls. RESULTS No known pathogenic spinocerebellar ataxia single nucleotide variants or pathogenic range expanded repeat alleles of ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, CACNA1A, AXTN7, ATXN8OS, ATXN10, PPP2R2B, and TBP were detected in any clinical multiple system atrophy patients. However, four novel variants were identified in four spinocerebellar ataxia-related genes across three multiple system atrophy patients. Additionally, four multiple system atrophy patients (1.6%) and one control (0.3%) carried an intermediate length 41 TBP CAG/CAA repeat allele (OR = 4.11, P = 0.21). There was a significant association between the occurrence of a repeat length of longer alleles (> 38 repeats) and an increased risk of multiple system atrophy (OR = 1.64, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Occurrence of TBP CAG/CAA repeat length of longer alleles (> 38 repeats) is significantly associated with increased multiple system atrophy risk. This discovery warrants further investigation and supports a possible genetic overlap of multiple system atrophy with SCA17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Wernick
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alexandra I Soto-Beasley
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca R Valentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Lukasz M Milanowski
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anhar Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Phillip A Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Mayo Graduate School, Neuroscience Track, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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I D, Proskokova T, Sikora N, Abramycheva N, Illarioshkin S. Spinocerebellar ataxia 17: full phenotype in a 42 CAG/CAA-repeats carrier. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:100-105. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Park JY, Joo K, Woo SJ. Ophthalmic Manifestations and Genetics of the Polyglutamine Autosomal Dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxias: A Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:892. [PMID: 32973440 PMCID: PMC7472957 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a part of the cerebellar neurodegenerative disease group that is diverse in genetics and phenotypes. It usually shows autosomal dominant inheritance. SCAs, always together with the cerebellar degeneration, may exhibit clinical deficits in brainstem or eye, especially retina or optic nerve. Interestingly, autosomal dominant SCAs share a common genetic mechanism; the length of the glutamine chain is abnormally expanded due to the increase in the cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG) repeats of the disease causing gene. Studies have suggested that the mutant ataxin induces alteration of protein conformation and abnormal aggregation resulting in nuclear inclusions, and causes cellular loss of photoreceptors through a toxic effect. As a result, these pathologic changes induce a downregulation of genes involved in the phototransduction, development, and differentiation of photoreceptors such as CRX, one of the photoreceptor transcription factors. However, the exact mechanism of neuronal degeneration by mutant ataxin restricted to only certain type of neuronal cell including cerebellar Purkinje neurons and photoreceptor is still unclear. The most common SCAs are types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17 which contain about 80% of autosomal dominant SCA cases. Various aspects of eye movement abnormalities are evident depending on the degree of cerebellar and brainstem degeneration in SCAs. In addition, certain types of SCAs such as SCA7 are characterized by both cerebellar ataxia and visual loss mainly due to retinal degeneration. The severity of the retinopathy can vary from occult macular photoreceptor disruption to extensive retinal atrophy and is correlated with the number of CAG repeats. The value of using optical coherence tomography in conjunction with electrodiagnostic and genetic testing is emphasized as the combination of these tests can provide critical information regarding the etiology, morphological evaluation, and functional significances. Therefore, ophthalmologists need to recognize and differentiate SCAs in order to properly diagnose and evaluate the disease. In this review, we have described and discussed SCAs showing ophthalmic abnormalities with particular attention to their ophthalmic features, neurodegenerative mechanisms, genetics, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangsic Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), which functions as a general transcription factor. Like other polyQ expansion-mediated diseases, SCA17 is characterized by late-onset and selective neurodegeneration, despite the disease protein being ubiquitously expressed in the body. To date, the pathogenesis of polyQ diseases is not fully understood, and there are no effective treatments for these devastating disorders. The well-characterized function of TBP and typical neurodegeneration in SCA17 give us opportunities to understand how polyQ expansion causes selective neurodegeneration and to develop effective therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms behind SCA17, focusing on transcriptional dysregulation as its major cause. Mounting evidence suggests that reversing transcriptional alterations induced by mutant TBP and reducing the expression of mutant TBP are promising strategies to treat SCA17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Nethisinghe S, Lim WN, Ging H, Zeitlberger A, Abeti R, Pemble S, Sweeney MG, Labrum R, Cervera C, Houlden H, Rosser E, Limousin P, Kennedy A, Lunn MP, Bhatia KP, Wood NW, Hardy J, Polke JM, Veneziano L, Brusco A, Davis MB, Giunti P. Complexity of the Genetics and Clinical Presentation of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:429. [PMID: 30532692 PMCID: PMC6265347 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the TATA-box binding protein gene (TBP). The disease has a varied age at onset and clinical presentation. It is distinct from other SCAs for its association with dementia, psychiatric symptoms, and some patients presenting with chorea. For this reason, it is also called Huntington’s disease-like 4 (HDL-4). Here we examine the distribution of SCA17 allele repeat sizes in a United Kingdom-based cohort with ataxia and find that fully penetrant pathogenic alleles are very rare (5 in 1,316 chromosomes; 0.38%). Phenotype-genotype correlation was performed on 30 individuals and the repeat structure of their TBP genes was examined. We found a negative linear correlation between total CAG repeat length and age at disease onset and, unlike SCA1, there was no correlation between the longest contiguous CAG tract and age at disease onset. We were unable to identify any particular phenotypic trait that segregated with particular CAG/CAA repeat tract structures or repeat lengths. One individual within the cohort was homozygous for variable penetrance range SCA17 alleles. This patient had a similar age at onset to heterozygotes with the same repeat sizes, but also presented with a rapidly progressive dementia. A pair of monozygotic twins within the cohort presented 3 years apart with the sibling with the earlier onset having a more severe phenotype with dementia and chorea in addition to the ataxia observed in their twin. This appears to be a case of variable expressivity, possibly influenced by other environmental or epigenetic factors. Finally, there was an asymptomatic father with a severely affected child with an age at onset in their twenties. Despite this, they share the same expanded allele repeat sizes and sequences, which would suggest that there is marked difference in the penetrance of this 51-repeat allele. We therefore propose that the variable penetrance range extend from 48 repeats to incorporate this allele. This study shows that there is variability in the presentation and penetrance of the SCA17 phenotype and highlights the complexity of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Nethisinghe
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei N Lim
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Ging
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zeitlberger
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosella Abeti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Pemble
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary G Sweeney
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charisse Cervera
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Rosser
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Limousin
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Kennedy
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Neuroimmunology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,The Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M Polke
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liana Veneziano
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale - National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mary B Davis
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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