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Noor El Deen AM, Elsehemy IA, Ahmed EH, Awad HM, Farid MAM. Optimized scleroglucan production by Athelia rolfsii and in vitro Sclg-5-fluorouracil release investigations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132864. [PMID: 38844272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Scleroglucan is a notable member of the β-glucan microbial polysaccharides with a long tradition of industrial and therapeutic use. The local strain, previously identified as Athelia rolfsii TEMG MH 236106 produced an appreciable amount of scleroglucan using glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. Plackett-Burman design was employed to effectively screen critical medium composition, culture, and fermentation conditions. Athelia rolfsii TEMG MH 236106 produced the maximum amount of scleroglucan (18.12 g/L) with a 45.3 % glucose conversion. Out of the eleven variables, the most effective factors showing a high level of significance are as follows: glucose, yeast extract, citric acid, inoculum disc numbers, culture volume and incubation time. An update to maximize scleroglucan production in the central composite design for four parameters (glucose and yeast extract concentrations, disc number, medium volume and incubation time) with 31 runs was applied and the production of scleroglucan reached its maximum at 31.56 g/L with 78.9 % glucose conversion. Three models of Sclg-5-fluorouracil complexes have been employed to study in vitro drug release investigations. Hence, the Sclg-5-FU (5 and 10 mg/mL) models appeared to be the most suitable for drug administration due to their concentration and distribution within capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M Noor El Deen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El- Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam A Elsehemy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El- Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman H Ahmed
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology group (AMNTG), Center of Excellence, Chemical Industrial Institute, National Research Centre, El- Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El- Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Farid
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El- Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Liu JJ, Hou YK, Wang X, Zhou XT, Yin JY, Nie SP. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of fungal glucan structural diversity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121782. [PMID: 38286552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Glucans are the most abundant class of macromolecule polymers in fungi, which are commonly found in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Fungal glucans are not only essential for cell integrity and function but also crucial for the immense industrial interest in high value applications. They present a variety of structural characteristics at the nanoscale due to the high regulation of genes and the involvement of stochastic processes in synthesis. However, although recent findings have demonstrated the genes of glucans synthesis are relatively conserved across diverse fungi, the formation and organization of diverse glucan structures is still unclear in fungi. Here, we summarize the structural features of fungal glucans and the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucans biosynthesis. Furthermore, we propose the engineering strategies of targeted glucan synthesis and point out the remaining challenges in the synthetic process. Understanding the synthesis process of diverse glucans is necessary for tailoring high value glucan towards specific applications. This engineering strategy contributes to enable the sustainable and efficient production of glucan diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Yu-Ke Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xing-Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luo he 462300, Henan, China.
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Adamatzky A, Tarabella G, Phillips N, Chiolerio A, D'Angelo P, Nikolaidou A, Sirakoulis GC. Kombucha electronics: electronic circuits on kombucha mats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9367. [PMID: 37296164 PMCID: PMC10256688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A kombucha is a tea and sugar fermented by over sixty kinds of yeasts and bacteria. This symbiotic community produces kombucha mats, which are cellulose-based hydrogels. The kombucha mats can be used as an alternative to animal leather in industry and fashion once they have been dried and cured. Prior to this study, we demonstrated that living kombucha mats display dynamic electrical activity and distinct stimulating responses. For use in organic textiles, cured mats of kombucha are inert. To make kombucha wearables functional, it is necessary to incorporate electrical circuits. We demonstrate that creating electrical conductors on kombucha mats is possible. After repeated bending and stretching, the circuits maintain their functionality. In addition, the abilities and electronic properties of the proposed kombucha, such as being lighter, less expensive, and more flexible than conventional electronic systems, pave the way for their use in a diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Adamatzky
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.
| | - Giuseppe Tarabella
- Institute of Materials for Electronic and Magnetism, National Research Council (IMEM-CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Neil Phillips
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Alessandro Chiolerio
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Converging Technologies, Soft Bioinspired Robotics, Via Morego 30, 16165, Genova, Italy
| | - Pasquale D'Angelo
- Institute of Materials for Electronic and Magnetism, National Research Council (IMEM-CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Nikolaidou
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgios Ch Sirakoulis
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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Exopolysaccharides of Fungal Origin: Properties and Pharmaceutical Applications. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) represent an important group of bioactive compounds secreted by fungi. These biopolymers can be utilized individually or in combination with different bioactive substances for a broad range of pharmaceutical field applications, due to their various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and anticoagulant effects. The paper presents an up-to-date review of the main fungal polysaccharides (pullulan, schizophyllan, scleroglucan, botryosphaeran, lentinan, grifolan, and lasiodiplodan), highlighting their structures, producing strains, and useful properties in a double position, as controlled release (rate and selectively targeting) drug carriers, but mostly as active immunomodulating and antitumor compounds in cancer therapy.
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Adamatzky A. Electrical Potential Spiking of Kombucha Zoogleal Mats: A Symbiotic Community of Bacteria and Yeasts. Bioelectricity 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Adamatzky
- Department of Computer Science, Unconventional Computing Laboratory, UWE, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Zeng W, Wang J, Shan X, Yu S, Zhou J. Efficient Production of Scleroglucan by Sclerotium rolfsii and Insights Into Molecular Weight Modification by High-Pressure Homogenization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:748213. [PMID: 34540818 PMCID: PMC8448344 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.748213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroglucan is a non-ionic water-soluble polysaccharide, and has been widely used in the petroleum, food, medicine and cosmetics industries. Currently, scleroglucan is mainly produced by Sclerotium rolfsii. A higher level of scleroglucan (42.0 g/L) was previously obtained with S. rolfsii WSH-G01. However, the production of scleroglucan was reduced despite a higher glucose concentration remaining. Additionally, the molecular weight of scleroglucan was large, thus restricted its application. In this study, by adjusting the state of seeds inoculated, the degradation issue of scleroglucan during the fermentation process was solved. By comparing different fed-batch strategies, 66.6 g/L of scleroglucan was harvested by a two-dose fed-batch mode, with 53.3% glucose conversion ratio. To modify the molecular weight of scleroglucan, a combination method with HCl and high-pressure homogenization treatment was established. Finally, scleroglucan with molecular weight of 4.61 × 105 Da was obtained. The developed approaches provide references for the biosynthesis and molecular weight modification of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Exploiting Microbes in the Petroleum Field: Analyzing the Credibility of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14154684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is a major energy source that is exploited globally to achieve economic growth. To meet the growing demands for oil, in an environment of stringent environmental regulations and economic and technical pressure, industries have been required to develop novel oil salvaging techniques. The remaining ~70% of the world’s conventional oil (one-third of the available total petroleum) is trapped in depleted and marginal reservoirs, and could thus be potentially recovered and used. The only means of extracting this oil is via microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). This tertiary oil recovery method employs indigenous microorganisms and their metabolic products to enhance oil mobilization. Although a significant amount of research has been undertaken on MEOR, the absence of convincing evidence has contributed to the petroleum industry’s low interest, as evidenced by the issuance of 400+ patents on MEOR that have not been accepted by this sector. The majority of the world’s MEOR field trials are briefly described in this review. However, the presented research fails to provide valid verification that the microbial system has the potential to address the identified constraints. Rather than promising certainty, MEOR will persist as an unverified concept unless further research and investigations are carried out.
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