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Kumar A, Arora A, Sharma P, Bansal N, Anikhindi SA, Khare S, Kumar M, Ranjan P, Sachdeva M. Public Knowledge, Awareness, and Vaccination Rates for Hepatitis B in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e43997. [PMID: 37638276 PMCID: PMC10448001 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a considerable public health concern in India, characterized by a significant number of chronically infected individuals. India falls into the category of an intermediate HBV endemic country, with approximately 40 million people chronically infected. Public awareness and knowledge about HBV are crucial for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and vaccination status of the general public regarding hepatitis B in India. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3,545 participants, excluding healthcare workers and individuals below 18 years old. The survey evaluated knowledge in four domains: cause and spread of the disease (Domain A), organ affected and consequences (Domain B), treatment (Domain C), and vaccination (Domain D). The survey used a scoring scale from -20 to +22 points. Vaccination status was also assessed. RESULTS The mean knowledge score of the respondents was 6.89 (±5.88). Only 25% of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge (score ≥12), while 31% had fair knowledge (score 6-11), 40% had poor knowledge (score 0-5), and 4% had incorrect knowledge (score <0). Males, individuals aged 18-60 years, respondents with higher education levels, and urban residents had significantly higher mean knowledge scores (p < 0.01). In the domain-specific analysis, 47% of the respondents had good knowledge in Domain B, while 43% of the respondents had good knowledge in Domains C and D. Only 17% of the respondents had good knowledge in Domain A. Overall, 22.7% of the respondents had received all three doses of the HBV vaccine, with higher vaccination rates among males, individuals aged 18-60 years, those with higher education levels, and urban residents. CONCLUSION The study revealed limited knowledge about HBV among the general public in India. Vaccination rates were also suboptimal. Public health interventions, including educational campaigns and targeted vaccination programs, are needed to improve awareness and vaccination coverage, ultimately reducing the burden of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Anil Arora
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Naresh Bansal
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shrihari A Anikhindi
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Shivam Khare
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mandhir Kumar
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Munish Sachdeva
- Institute of Liver, Gastroenterology, & Pancreatico-Biliary Sciences, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
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Li G, Wang G, Hsu FC, Xu J, Pei X, Zhao B, Shetty A. Effects of Depression, Anxiety, Stigma, and Disclosure on Health-Related Quality of Life among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Dalian, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:988-994. [PMID: 32124716 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in China. We evaluated the impact of psychosocial factors (stigma, disclosure, depression, and anxiety) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among people living with chronic HBV infection (CHB) in the city of Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 401 patients living with chronic HBV infection were enrolled as study participants. Study measures included the Beck depression and anxiety inventory, the WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) assessment, the Toronto Chinese HBV Stigma Scale, and disclosure of HBV status to sexual partners. The primary outcome was HRQoL score as measured by the WHOQOL-BREF. A linear regression model was used to examine the association between HRQoL and the potential risk factors including stigma, disclosure, depression, anxiety, and sociodemographic variables. Stigma, disclosure, depression, and anxiety were the covariates of interest. A majority of the participants were females (n = 251, 65.6%), married (81.6%), and had a college or higher degree (32.4%). Depression, anxiety, stigma, and disclosure of HBV infection were associated with low HRQoL in all four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains) (P < 0.05), when all psychological factors were included in the model separately. Depression was found to be independently associated with low HRQoL in people living with HBV, when all psychological factors were included in the model simultaneously (P < 0.0001). Our data indicate the urgent need for healthcare providers (HCPs) and policy-makers to implement psychological interventions to improve HRQoL among people living with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gongchen Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Division of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Xia Pei
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Dalian Sixth People Hospital, Liaoning, China
| | - Avinash Shetty
- Office of Global Health, Department of Pediatric/Infectious Disease, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Association of hepatitis B infection with high-risk complications in total joint arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:163. [PMID: 30971239 PMCID: PMC6458739 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgery in China. Less attention is provided to the special populations and the purpose of this study is to assess the effect of HBV infection on the prognosis TJAs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent elective primary hip and knee arthroplasties in Shanghai Huashan Hospital from 2013 to 2016. Non-hepatitis B cohort was built to match the case cohort to identify whether HBV infection was a risk factor associated with postoperative complications. A total number of 196 patients who underwent primary TJAs were involved in the study, including 49 patients with hepatitis B and 147 non-hepatitis B subjects. Results Among all the patients with TJAs, 5.5% of patients were infected with HBV for the first time. The incidence rate of complications in patients after arthroplasty with hepatitis B infection was significantly higher than that in patients without hepatitis B (10.2% compared to 4.7%, P < 0.01). Surgical related complications (6.1% compared to 3.4%) and general medical complications (4.1% compared to 1.3%) were higher than those in non-B hepatitis group. Compared with non-B hepatitis group, the overall risk of hepatitis B infection increased by 25% (95% CI, 1.04–1.46; p < 0.01). Similar results were obtained for medical and surgical complications. HBV infection presented a 31% increased risk (95% CI, 1.02–1.62; p < 0.01) for medical complication and an 18% increased risk (95% CI, 1.10–1.26; p < 0.01) for surgical complication. No statistical difference was found between the surgical methods and sex. However, a significant difference of C-reactive protein (CRP) level was found between HBV infection group and the matched non-infected group (P < 0.01). Conclusion This is the first study to investigate the risk of perioperative complications of hepatitis B in Chinese TJAs patients. In consideration of the large population of HBV infection in China, more attention and medical care should be provided to patients with HBV infection who need to undergo TJA operation.
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Han B, Yuan Q, Shi Y, Wei L, Hou J, Shang J, Han Y, Jin C, Chan PL, Zhuang H, Li J, Cui F. The experience of discrimination of individuals living with chronic hepatitis B in four provinces of China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195455. [PMID: 29649232 PMCID: PMC5896961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients' knowledge about hepatitis B and their experience of discrimination with regard to study, work, and daily life. METHODS We administered a questionnaire to 797 CHB patients in four provinces of China and used one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a generalized linear model (GLM) to identify factors associated with discrimination. RESULTS CHB patients had low levels of knowledge about hepatitis B. Patients under 40 years of age with a junior college education or above knew more about hepatitis B than CHB patients over 40 years of age who had only a high school education. Three-fourths of patients had experienced discrimination because of their hepatitis B infection, with no differences in the proportion experiencing discrimination by sex or age. People with more education reported less discrimination. Patients in Beijing and Henan province perceived less discrimination than those in Shaanxi and Guangdong provinces. Discrimination was significantly associated with negative emotions. CHB patients had little awareness of China's anti-discrimination laws and policies. Among patients who had experienced discrimination, fewer than 10% knew organizations or institutions that could offer help. Over 60% of CHB patients who experienced discrimination chose not to respond. CONCLUSION CHB patients in China commonly experienced discrimination, which was associated with significant, negative emotional stress. To mitigate the damaging effects of discrimination, our study suggests raising general population knowledge about hepatitis B, raising awareness of the availability of legal protection and organizations that can fight discrimination, and providing psychological support for CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Han
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianli Yuan
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Shi
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatology Unit, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Hepatology Unit, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Han
- Hepatology Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cunduo Jin
- Central sterile supply Department, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Po-Lin Chan
- World Health Organization China, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (JL)
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (JL)
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