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Qin J, Chen H, Qiao Q, Zhang W, Zhu C, Cheng J, Liu X, Song A. Research on the safety risks of microwave irradiation on motion balance perception in electric power environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175936. [PMID: 39218089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
To the microwave irradiation safety hazards caused by the co-construction of towers in smart grids, this paper investigates the effects of microwave irradiation in the power environment on the biological motion balance perception function. Firstly, simulation of microwave signals in the electric power environment, i.e., low-frequency harmonics and high-frequency carriers, were realized by signal modulation and applied in four types of behavior testing scenarios. Then, determining rats as target organisms to replace workers and randomly dividing into groups in proportion: open field, rotating rod fatigue, beam walking and forced swimming. Configuring radar with various parameters to match the electric power irradiation scene and stimulate rats, monitoring the abnormal behavior by image processing module, including posture, motion trajectory, distance, and other features. The experimental result showed that exposed to microwaves induce rats motor ability decline, balance perception imbalance, together with paralysis within long-term exposure, and its locomotor activity, coordination, posture control and reaction time all exhibit varying degrees of weakening. These findings indicate that microwave irradiation in electric power environment may pose significant health and safety risks for worker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Qin
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; The State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; The State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Qinliang Qiao
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Jiajun Cheng
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Aiguo Song
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; The State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Mohamed AO, Hafez SMNA, Ibrahim RA, Rifaai RA. Exercise ameliorates hippocampal damage induced by Wi-Fi radiation; a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 129:102252. [PMID: 36796735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, using electromagnetic devices (EMD) has been increased. However, the control of EMD hazards was poorly evaluated, especially those affected the hippocampus. Regular physical exercises are safe, easily, inexpensive, and acceptable for long-term use. It is reported that exercise protects against many health problems. AIM is to investigate the hypothesis of the possible prophylactic effect of exercise on the hippocampal damage induced by electromagnetic waves of Wi-Fi. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (exercise), group III (Wi-Fi), and group IV (exercise -Wi-Fi). Hippocampi were subjected to biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS In group III, a significant increase in the oxidative enzymes as well as decrease in antioxidant enzymes were detected in rat hippocampus. Additionally, the hippocampus showed degenerated pyramidal and granular neurons. An evident decrease in both PCNA and ZO-1 immunoreactivity was also noticed. In group IV, physical exercise alleviates the effect of Wi-Fi on previously mentioned parameters. CONCLUSION Regular physical exercise performance significantly minimizes the hippocampal damage and protects against the hazarders of chronic Wi-Fi radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Osama Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Randa Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
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Yao C, Dong J, Ren K, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu X, Yao B, Zhou H, Zhao L, Peng R. Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4988. [PMID: 36981897 PMCID: PMC10049199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microwave ablation can produce immune activation due to thermal effects. However, the nonthermal effects of microwaves on the immune system are still largely unexplored. In this study, we sequentially exposed rats to 1.5 GHz microwave for 6 min and 2.8 GHz microwave for 6 min at an average power density of 5, 10, and 30 mW/cm2. The structure of the thymus, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node were observed, and we showed that multifrequency microwave exposure caused tissue injuries, such as congestion and nuclear fragmentation in lymphocytes. Ultrastructural injuries, including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial cristae rupture, and mitochondrial cavitation, were observed, especially in the 30 mW/cm2 microwave-exposed group. Generally, multifrequency microwaves decreased white blood cells, as well as lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, in peripheral blood, from 7 d to 28 d after exposure. Microwaves with an average density of 30 mW/cm2 produced much more significant inhibitory effects on immune cells. Moreover, multifrequency microwaves at 10 and 30 mW/cm2, but not 5 mW/cm2, reduced the serum levels of several cytokines, such as interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), at 7 d and 14 d after exposure. We also found similar alterations in immunoglobulins (Igs), IgG, and IgM in serum. However, no obvious changes in complement proteins were detected. In conclusion, multifrequency microwave exposure of 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz caused both structural injuries of immune tissues and functional impairment in immune cells. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop an effective strategy to protect people from multifrequency microwave-induced immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhao
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (R.P.)
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Molecular Hydrogen Reduces Electromagnetic Pulse-Induced Male Rat Reproductive System Damage in a Rodent Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3469474. [PMID: 36199428 PMCID: PMC9527415 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3469474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Infertility has got to be a broadly concerned social issue these days, in which the malefactor cannot be overlooked. Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation may have seriously damaging effects on reproductive health, through nonthermal effects and oxidative stress. Molecular hydrogen, a selective hydroxyl radical scavenger, explains the protective effects against many diseases closely associated with oxidative damage, such as ionizing radiation (IR). We sought to characterize the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen on the male reproductive system in a rodent EMP exposure model. The 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to EMP (peak intensity 1000 kV/m, pulse edge 20 ns, pulse width 200 ns, 1 Hz, and 200 pulses), with or without hydrogen-rich water. The pathological structure of the testis, the rate of apoptosis of the testis, the serum testosterone level, the sperm parameters, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of the testis were measured. Then, transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses were applied to uncover the underlying mechanism. Exposure to EMP increased testicular apoptosis rate and apoptosis protein level, decreased sperm viability and motility, decreased serum testosterone levels, and diminished testicular antioxidant capacity. Molecular hydrogen-alleviated damage decreased the testicular apoptosis rate and apoptosis protein level, increased sperm motility, increased serum testosterone levels, and improved antioxidative capacity. Omics results showed that molecular hydrogen has a strong influence on metabolic pathways, and EMP affects mainly oxidative phosphorylation, TNF signaling pathways, and cytokine-receptor interactions. The mechanism of molecular hydrogen's effect may be related to the reversal of some metabolite levels. These observations warrant molecular hydrogen as an innovative approach for potential protection against EMP.
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Li D, Xu X, Gao Y, Wang J, Yin Y, Yao B, Zhao L, Wang H, Wang H, Dong J, Zhang J, Peng R. Hsp72-Based Effect and Mechanism of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7145415. [PMID: 36035207 PMCID: PMC9410832 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7145415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) changes in cardiac injury caused by microwave radiation, aimed at providing novel insights into the mechanism of this damage. A digital thermometer was used to measure the rectal temperature of the rats' pre- and post-radiation. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th days post-radiation, the changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) were analyzed by a multi-channel physiological recorder. The myocardial enzyme activities and ion concentrations were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Additionally, the levels of myocardial injury markers were established by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and those of hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. The structure and ultrastructure of the myocardial tissue were observed using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of Hsp72 was measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Post-exposure, the rectal temperature in the R-group increased significantly, ECG was disordered, and the concentrations of ions were decreased. Furthermore, the activities of myocardial enzymes were changed, and the contents of myocardial injury markers and hormones were increased. We observed damage to the structure and ultrastructure and significantly increased expression of Hsp72. As a whole, the results indicated that S-wave microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm2 for 35 min resulted in damage to the cardiac functionality organigram, caused by a combination of the thermal and nonthermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhao H, Zhao T, Yang J, Huang Q, Wu H, Pan Y, Wang H, Qian Y. Epimedium protects against dyszoospermia in mice with Pex3 knockout by exerting antioxidant effects and regulating the expression level of P16. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35058429 PMCID: PMC8776794 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the primary factors leading to male infertility. Oral administration of antioxidants has thus far been found to significantly improve the quality of human sperm. Therefore, antioxidant treatment has become the consensus among international experts on male infertility. In this study, peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 (Pex3)-knockout (KO, -/-) mice were used as a model to compare the efficacy of three types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) granules (Epimedium [YYH], Cuscuta [TSZ], and Rhodiola [HJT]) for male reproductive function rescue. YYH was revealed to be the best and exerted a rescue effect on Pex3-/- mice with spermatogenesis defects. In addition, YYH prominently reduced ROS levels in the testes, inhibited DNA oxidative damage in spermatogenic cells, promoted the proliferation of spermatogenic cells, and inhibited apoptosis in Pex3-/- male mice. Furthermore, the mechanism by which YYH ameliorated dyszoospermia was confirmed via the establishment of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 A (P16Ink4a)-KO mice. Specifically, Pex3-/- mice produced elevated amounts of ROS, which damaged germ cell DNA and further activated the signaling pathway of the cell senescence regulatory protein P16-CDK6, resulting in cell cycle arrest and eventually contributing to spermatogenesis dysfunction. YYH supplementation partially corrected the associated phenotype in gene KO mice by affecting P16 expression levels, thus improving the reproductive outcome to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyun Pan
- First School Of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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The Effect of Electromagnetic Microwave Radiation on Methane Fermentation of Selected Energy Crop Species. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine how thermal stimulation via electromagnetic microwave radiation impacts the yields of biogas and methane produced by methane fermentation of five selected energy crop species in anaerobic reactors. The resultant performance was compared with that of reactors with conventional temperature control. The highest biogas production capacity was achieved for maize silage and Virginia mallow silage (i.e., 680 ± 28 dm3N/kgVS and 506 ± 16 dm3N/kgVS, respectively). Microwave radiation as a method of heating anaerobic reactors provided a statistically-significantly boost in methane production from maize silage (18% increase). Biomethane production from maize silage rose from 361 ± 12 dm3N/kgVS to 426 ± 14 dm3N/kgVS. In the other experimental variants, the differences between methane concentrations in the biogas were non-significant.
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Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Neurotransmitters in the Brain. Front Public Health 2021; 9:691880. [PMID: 34485223 PMCID: PMC8415840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.691880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of electronic information in the past 30 years, technical achievements based on electromagnetism have been widely used in various fields pertaining to human production and life. Consequently, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has become a substantial new pollution source in modern civilization. The biological effects of EMR have attracted considerable attention worldwide. The possible interaction of EMR with human organs, especially the brain, is currently where the most attention is focused. Many studies have shown that the nervous system is an important target organ system sensitive to EMR. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the neurobiological effects of EMR, including the metabolism and transport of neurotransmitters. As messengers of synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters play critical roles in cognitive and emotional behavior. Here, the effects of EMR on the metabolism and receptors of neurotransmitters in the brain are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Hu
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Anhui Medical University, Academy of Life Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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