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Vasconcellos RS, Henríquez LBF, Lourenço PDS. Spray-Dried Animal Plasma as a Multifaceted Ingredient in Pet Food. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1773. [PMID: 37889645 PMCID: PMC10252101 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma is a co-product from pork and beef obtained during the processing of animals for human consumption. The spray-drying process maintains the solubility of spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) and its nutritional and functional properties, making this ingredient multifunctional in human and animal nutrition. In pet food, SDAP has been used in the production of wet foods (pates and chunks in gravy) as an emulsifying and binding agent, with the potential to replace hydrocolloids partially or totally, which have some negative implications for digestibility, fecal quality, and intestinal inflammation. From a nutritional point of view, SDAP has high digestibility and an amino acid profile compatible with high-quality ingredients, such as powdered eggs. Studies in companion animals, especially in cats, have shown that SDAP is an ingredient with high palatability. Despite the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and neuroprotective properties demonstrated in some animal models, there are still few publications demonstrating these effects in dogs and cats, which limits its use as a functional ingredient for these species. In this review, the potential use of SDAP in pet food, aspects related to the sustainability of this ingredient, and opportunities for studies in companion animals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil; (L.B.F.H.); (P.d.S.L.)
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Song M, Kim B, Cho JH, Kyoung H, Park S, Cho JY, Park KII, Kim HB, Lee JJ. Effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth rate, nutrient
digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:462-470. [PMID: 35709123 PMCID: PMC9184710 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Byeonghyeon Kim
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science,
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kyoung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Kyeong II Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyeun Bum Kim, Department of
Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea. Tel:
+82-41-550-3653, E-mail:
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science,
Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and
Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Jeong Jae Lee, Institute of
Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea. Tel: +82-53-950-7764, E-mail:
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Chuchird N, Rairat T, Keetanon A, Phansawat P, Chou CC, Campbell J. Effects of spray-dried animal plasma on growth performance, survival, feed utilization, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257792. [PMID: 34559852 PMCID: PMC8462686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray-dried animal plasma (SDP) in feed for several animal species provides health benefits, but research about use of SDP in shrimp feed is very limited. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of dietary SDP on growth performance, feed utilization, immune responses, and prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the post-larvae were divided into five groups (four tank/group and 80 shrimp/tank) and fed four times daily diets with porcine SDP at 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6% of the diet for 45 days. In Experiment 2, the surviving shrimp from Experiment 1 were redistributed into six groups: four SDP groups as in Experiment 1 plus the positive and negative controls (four tank/group and 30 shrimp/tank). They were then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion at 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and were fed with the same diets for another 4 days. In Experiment 1, shrimp fed 4.5% or 6% SDP diets had significantly higher body weight, survival rate, and improved feed conversion ratio. The immune parameters (total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities) of the shrimp fed 3–6% SDP diets also showed significant enhancement compared to the control. In Experiment 2, the survival rates of the 3–6% SDP groups were significantly higher than the positive control at day 4 after the immersion challenge. Likewise, the histopathological study revealed milder signs of bacterial infection in the hepatopancreas of the 3–6% SDP groups compared to the challenged positive control and 1.5% SDP groups. In conclusion, shrimp fed diets with SDP, especially at 4.5–6% of the diet, showed significant improvement in overall health conditions and better resistance to V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Chuchird
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchark, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Tirawat Rairat
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchark, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunothai Keetanon
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchark, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Putsucha Phansawat
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchark, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joy Campbell
- APC LLC, 2425 SE Oak Tree Court, Ankeny, Iowa, United States of America
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Comparative efficacy of spray-dried plasma and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in reducing cecal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101134. [PMID: 34089939 PMCID: PMC8182271 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contains immunoglobulins and glycoproteins that possess antibacterial properties. Two floor-pen trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of dietary SDP and bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) antibiotic in reducing intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in broiler chickens. Experiment 1 was a 2-wk, 3 × 2 factorial design consisting of 6 treatments. Treatment CON consisted of chicks fed unmedicated corn-soybean meal (SBM) basal without SDP. Treatment BMD consisted of chicks given unmedicated corn-SBM basal into which BMD was added at 0.055g/kg diet. Treatment SDP consisted of chicks given unmedicated corn-SBM basal into which SDP was added at 30g/kg diet. Treatments CON-SE, BMD-SE, and SDP-SE consisted of chicks that were given diets similar to CON, BMD, and SDP, respectively, and were each inoculated with 7.46 × 108 CFU SE /mL at 1 day of age. Experiment 2 was a 42-day trial that was similar to Experiment 1 in design, except that chicks were placed on fresh clean litter. On d 3, 7, 14, and 28 post-challenge (PC), ceca SE concentration was enumerated on xylose lysine tergitol-4 (XLT4) agar. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also recorded. Results for d 3 showed that BMD- and SDP-fed chicks had similar (P > 0.05) cecal SE (3.39 log 10 CFU / g and 3.58 log 10 CFU / g, respectively), but these levels were lower (P < 0.05) than that of CON-fed chicks (5.68 log 10 CFU / g). A similar trend was observed on d 7 and 14 PC. The BMD- and SDP-fed chicks also had higher BWG and FCR (P < 0.05) when compared with CON-fed chicks up to d 14. Thereafter, only BMD treatment sustained this growth-promoting effect till d 42 in SE-challenged birds. In conclusion, BMD and SDP showed similar efficacy in reducing cecal Salmonella and in mitigating consequent growth-depressing effect(s) in broiler chicks up to 2 wk of age.
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Russell LE, Polo J, Meeker D. The Canadian 2014 porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus outbreak: Important risk factors that were not considered in the epidemiological investigation could change the conclusions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1101-1112. [PMID: 31995852 PMCID: PMC7318299 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction and spread of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in North America resulted in significant death loss in the swine industry. As the industry learned how to manage this disease, many new risks were identified, including the potential for feed and feed ingredients to become contaminated and spread PEDV. In addition, biosecurity practices were reevaluated and strengthened throughout the industry. At the time of the outbreak epidemiologists did not understand, as well as they are understood today, all the risk factors that contribute to the spread of PEDV. As a result, the epidemiological investigations into the 2014 PEDV outbreak in eastern Canada may not have investigated all risk factors as thoroughly as they would be investigated today. In retrospect, many of the Bradford Hill criteria used to determine causation were not fulfilled. This review identifies risk factors that were not included in the 2014 epidemiology. If these risk factors were included in the epidemiology, the conclusions and determination of causation may have been different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Meeker
- North American Renderers AssociationAlexandriaVAUSA
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Xu T, Chen Y, Yu L, Wang J, Huang M, Zhu N. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on intestinal integrity and immune responses of egg-laying chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens under the free-range or the specific pathogen free environment. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:47. [PMID: 32028947 PMCID: PMC7006139 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-2264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotic enteritis, which is caused by Clostridium perfringens, has resulted in more than $2 billion losses in the poultry industry every year. Due to the ban of antibiotics in feed industry, alternatives like environment improvement and probiotics have been found to be effective as well. In our study, we aim to explore the protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on CP infected chickens in two environments. Results The results showed that the Clostridium perfringens administration led to visible and histomorphological gut lesions. In the specific pathogen free or free-range system environment, dietary supplementation with LP obvious increased the ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth and the expression of MUC2 mRNA in ileum mucosa, then reduced the mRNA expression level of TNF-α gene in the ileum mucosa. LP treatment significantly reduced the contents of total protein, total superoxide dismutase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in serum of the chickens. Conclusions The specific pathogen free environment contributed to the recovery of pre-inflammation of the chickens, and free-range system environment contributed to the repair of damage in the later stages of chicken inflammation. Supplementation of LP in FRS environment was more conducive to the recovery of CP infected in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Xu
- Present address: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of animal science and technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Present address: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of animal science and technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Yu
- Present address: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of animal science and technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Present address: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of animal science and technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Huang
- Present address: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of animal science and technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianhua Zhu
- Present address: Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of animal science and technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Choe J, Lee JJ, Kim J, Campbell JM, Polo J, Crenshaw JD, Pettigrew JE, Song M. Spray-dried plasma attenuates inflammation and lethargic behaviors of pregnant mice caused by lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203427. [PMID: 30208071 PMCID: PMC6135513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated whether dietary spray-dried plasma (SDP) can ameliorate inflammation, lethargic behaviors, and impairment of reproduction caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge during late pregnancy. Two experiments were conducted with 125 mated female mice (C57BL/6 strain) in each experiment. All mice were shipped from a vendor on the gestation day (GD) 1 and arrived at the laboratory on GD 3. Mice were randomly assigned to dietary treatments with or without 8% SDP in the diet. On GD 17, mice determined pregnant by BW and abdomen shape were randomly assigned to intraperitoneal injections with or without 2 μg LPS. In experiment 1, 17 mice (26.7 ± 1.7 g BW) were identified pregnant and euthanized 6 h after the LPS challenge to measure inflammatory responses in uterus and placenta. In experiment 2, 44 mice (26.0 ± 1.6 g BW) were identified pregnant and euthanized 24 h after the LPS challenge to assess behavior and late-term pregnancy loss. Growth performance and reproductive responses, such as loss of pregnancy, percentage of fetal death, and etc., were measured in all pregnant mice. The LPS challenge increased (P < 0.05) uterine and placental tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, late-term pregnancy loss, and lethargy score, and decreased (P < 0.05) uterine transforming growth factor-β1, moving time and number of rearing, and growth and feed intake. The SDP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in one or both tissues, and the lethargy score, and increased (P < 0.05) moving time and number of rearing, growth of pregnant mice, and fetal weight. However, the SDP did not affect late-term pregnancy loss caused by the LPS challenge. Consequently, dietary SDP attenuated acute inflammation and lethargic behaviors of pregnant mice caused by the LPS challenge, but did not affect late-term pregnancy loss after the acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsu Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Javier Polo
- APC Inc., Ankeny, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - James E. Pettigrew
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JEP); (MS)
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JEP); (MS)
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