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Xu L, Wu H, Zhou H, Zhou X, Sun Y. Purulent meningitis and secondary epilepsy caused by Mycobacterium iranicum infection: A case report. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 135:5-7. [PMID: 37327856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium iranicum is characterized by rapid growth and orange-pigmented scotochromogenic colonies. However, it is uncommon for M. iranicum to invade the central nervous system. A man nearly 60 years old was referred to our hospital because of a seizure and unconsciousness. After admission, the patient had fever and dizziness without obvious abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid, except for an increase in neutrophils. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and DNA testing were positive for M. iranicum. The patient was treated with imipenem, minocycline, moxifloxacin, and linezolid, and he gradually recovered during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China.
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Brown-Elliott BA, Wallace RJ, Wengenack NL, Workman SD, Cameron ADS, Bush G, Hughes MD, Melton S, Gonzalez-Ramirez B, Rodriguez E, Somayaji K, Klapperich C, Viers M, Bolaji AJ, Rempel E, Alexander DC. Emergence of Inducible Macrolide Resistance in Mycobacterium chelonae Due to Broad-Host-Range Plasmid and Chromosomal Variants of the Novel 23S rRNA Methylase Gene, erm(55). J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0042823. [PMID: 37347171 PMCID: PMC10358161 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00428-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are a mainstay of therapy for infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), inducible macrolide resistance is associated with four chromosomal 23S rRNA methylase (erm) genes. Beginning in 2018, we detected high-level inducible clarithromycin resistance (MICs of ≥16μg/mL) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium chelonae, an RGM species not previously known to contain erm genes. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a novel plasmid-mediated erm gene. This gene, designated erm(55)P, exhibits <65% amino acid identity to previously described RGM erm genes. Two additional chromosomal erm(55) alleles, with sequence identities of 81% to 86% to erm(55)P, were also identified and designated erm(55)C and erm(55)T. The erm(55)T is part of a transposon. The erm(55)P allele variant is located on a putative 137-kb conjugative plasmid, pMchErm55. Evaluation of 133 consecutive isolates from 2020 to 2022 revealed 5 (3.8%) with erm(55). The erm(55)P gene was also identified in public data sets of two emerging pathogenic pigmented RGM species: Mycobacterium iranicum and Mycobacterium obuense, dating back to 2008. In both species, the gene appeared to be present on plasmids homologous to pMchErm55. Plasmid-mediated macrolide resistance, not described previously for any NTM species, appears to have spread to multiple RGM species. This has important implications for antimicrobial susceptibility guidelines and treatment of RGM infections. Further spread could present serious consequences for treatment of other macrolide-susceptible RGM. Additional studies are needed to determine the transmissibility of pMchErm55 and the distribution of erm(55) among other RGM species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Brown-Elliott
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Richard J. Wallace
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy L. Wengenack
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sean D. Workman
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Georgie Bush
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - M. Dolores Hughes
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Melton
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Bibiana Gonzalez-Ramirez
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Eliana Rodriguez
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Kavya Somayaji
- Mycobacteria/Nocardia Research Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mary Viers
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ayooluwa J. Bolaji
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Emma Rempel
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David C. Alexander
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Diagnostic Services, Shared Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Kadasu R, Teja VD, Angaali N, Rao Patil MA, Paramjyothi GK, Bhaskar K. Novel and rare species of nontuberculous mycobacteria by Hsp-65 gene sequencing. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022; 11:423-428. [PMID: 36510929 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_175_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nontuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) is the emerging group of organisms being recognized as etiological agents for diverse clinical conditions such as lymphadenitis, cutaneous, and pulmonary or disseminated lesions. Diverse background patients can acquire these infections such as immunocompetent, immunocompromised patients, or postoperative settings. Rapid addition of newer strains to this group necessitates heightened suspicion in the clinical settings. Specific requirements for cultures, biochemical testing, and molecular methods are needed to diagnose these organisms. Methods The prospective study conducted at Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences from January 2019 to December 2021 using various clinical samples using molecular techniques such as line probe assay and hsp-65 gene sequencing to discover new NTM species. The management is challenging since it requires prolonged treatment, multiple drugs, drug resistance, and individualization of treatment in the combination of surgery if needed. In this article, we describe three different NTM species which were not reported in India and highlight to consider these organisms in adequate clinical situation. Results Mycobacterium iranicum is a rare strain with quick growth and scotochromogenic colonies that are orange-colored. Eight distinct strains were discovered in clinical samples from six different countries: Two each from Iran, Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Two of the strains were recovered from cerebrospinal fluid, which is unusual. Mycobacterium species AW6 is an unidentified and unclassified Mycobacterium according to NCBI taxonomy. Mycobacteria malmoense has been linked to lymphadenitis, notably cervical adenitis in children, and pulmonary infection in the majority of cases. Using Line Probe Assay and hsp-65 gene sequencing, novel and uncommon species of NTM were detected from a clinical samples, including sputum and tissue. Conclusion We report three unusual species of NTMs: M. iranicum, M. species-AW6, and M. malmoense for the first time in India. Novel and rare emerging species of NTMs need to be considered in diverse clinical situations for appropriate therapy and good clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashekhar Kadasu
- Department of Microbiology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijay Dharma Teja
- Department of Microbiology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India
| | - Neelima Angaali
- Department of Microbiology, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - G K Paramjyothi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Bhaskar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizams Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, India
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Mora-Hernández Y, Vera Murguía E, Stinenbosch J, Hernández Jauregui P, van Dijl JM, Buist G. Molecular typing and antimicrobial resistance profiling of 33 mastitis-related Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cows in the Comarca Lagunera region of Mexico. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6912. [PMID: 33767356 PMCID: PMC7994548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis in cows is a major cause of economic losses and it is commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus. Little is known about the S. aureus lineages causing mastitis in Mexican cattle. The aim of this study was to type S. aureus isolates causing mastitis in cows from the Comarca Lagunera region in Mexico in 2015-2016. Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) of 33 S. aureus isolates obtained from 210 milk samples revealed the MLVF clusters A (n = 1), B (n = 26), C (n = 5) and D (n = 1). Spa-typing showed that clusters A and B represent the spa-type t224, cluster C includes spa-types t3196 and t416, and cluster D represents spa-type t114. The different spa-types were mirrored by the masses of protein A bands as detected by Western blotting. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that one isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, whereas all other strains were resistant only to benzylpenicillin. These findings show that only four S. aureus lineages, susceptible to most antimicrobials, were responsible for causing mastitis at the time of sampling. Lastly, many isolates carried the same small plasmid, designated pSAM1. The high prevalence of pSAM1 amongst the antimicrobial-susceptible isolates suggests an association with bovine colonization or mastitis rather than antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mora-Hernández
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Vera Murguía
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Stinenbosch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Buist
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cave R, Misra R, Chen J, Wang S, Mkrtchyan HV. Comparative Genomics Analysis Demonstrated a Link Between Staphylococci Isolated From Different Sources: A Possible Public Health Risk. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:576696. [PMID: 33716994 PMCID: PMC7947369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.576696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been recovered from different ecological niches, however, little is known about the genetic relatedness of these isolates. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to compare mecA positive (mecA +) Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus hominis isolates recovered from hand-touched surfaces from general public settings in East and West London with data of isolates deposited to European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) by other research groups. These included isolates associated with hospital settings (including those recovered from patients), healthy humans, livestock, pets, plants and natural, and other public environments. Using core and accessory phylogenetic analyses we were able to identify that the mecA+ S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates recovered from general public settings were genetically related to isolates recovered from the bloodstream, urinary tract and eye infections. S. epidermidis isolates recovered in our study were also shown to be genetically related to isolates previously recovered from livestock/livestock housing, whereas S. haemolyticus isolates were genetically related to isolates recovered from a dog and kefir (fermented cow milk drink). MecA + S. hominis isolates were not genetically related to any isolates recovered from clinical samples but were genetically related to isolates recovered from mosquitoes, air samples (residential areas) and kefir. All three species showed to have genetic relatedness to isolates recovered from healthy humans. These results show that CoNS isolates in this study share genetic similarities with those of different lineages and that mecA+ S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates found in general public settings in this study may pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Cave
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raju Misra
- Natural History Museum, Core Research Laboratories, Molecular Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hermine V Mkrtchyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
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Merino N, Zhang S, Tomita M, Suzuki H. Comparative genomics of Bacteria commonly identified in the built environment. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:92. [PMID: 30691394 PMCID: PMC6350394 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbial community of the built environment (BE) can impact the lives of people and has been studied for a variety of indoor, outdoor, underground, and extreme locations. Thus far, these microorganisms have mainly been investigated by culture-based methods or amplicon sequencing. However, both methods have limitations, complicating multi-study comparisons and limiting the knowledge gained regarding in-situ microbial lifestyles. A greater understanding of BE microorganisms can be achieved through basic information derived from the complete genome. Here, we investigate the level of diversity and genomic features (genome size, GC content, replication strand skew, and codon usage bias) from complete genomes of bacteria commonly identified in the BE, providing a first step towards understanding these bacterial lifestyles. RESULTS Here, we selected bacterial genera commonly identified in the BE (or "Common BE genomes") and compared them against other prokaryotic genera ("Other genomes"). The "Common BE genomes" were identified in various climates and in indoor, outdoor, underground, or extreme built environments. The diversity level of the 16S rRNA varied greatly between genera. The genome size, GC content and GC skew strength of the "Common BE genomes" were statistically larger than those of the "Other genomes" but were not practically significant. In contrast, the strength of selected codon usage bias (S value) was statistically higher with a large effect size in the "Common BE genomes" compared to the "Other genomes." CONCLUSION Of the four genomic features tested, the S value could play a more important role in understanding the lifestyles of bacteria living in the BE. This parameter could be indicative of bacterial growth rates, gene expression, and other factors, potentially affected by BE growth conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, and nutrients). However, further experimental evidence, species-level BE studies, and classification by BE location is needed to define the relationship between genomic features and the lifestyles of BE bacteria more robustly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Merino
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Stauffer Hall of Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science, National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0641, USA
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0035, Japan
| | - Haruo Suzuki
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0035, Japan.
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Misztal PK, Lymperopoulou DS, Adams RI, Scott RA, Lindow SE, Bruns T, Taylor JW, Uehling J, Bonito G, Vilgalys R, Goldstein AH. Emission Factors of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Environmental Bacteria and Fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8272-8282. [PMID: 29947506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the factors controlling the diverse chemical emissions of common environmental bacteria and fungi is crucial because they are important signal molecules for these microbes that also could influence humans. We show here not only a high diversity of mVOCs but that their abundance can differ greatly in different environmental contexts. Microbial volatiles exhibit dynamic changes across microbial growth phases, resulting in variance of composition and emission rate of species-specific and generic mVOCs. In vitro experiments documented emissions of a wide range of mVOCs (>400 different chemicals) at high time resolution from diverse microbial species grown under different controlled conditions on nutrient media, or residential structural materials ( N = 54, Ncontrol = 23). Emissions of mVOCs varied not only between microbial taxa at a given condition but also as a function of life stage and substrate type. We quantify emission factors for total and specific mVOCs normalized for respiration rates to account for the microbial activity during their stationary phase. Our VOC measurements of different microbial taxa indicate that a variety of factors beyond temperature and water activity, such as substrate type, microbial symbiosis, growth phase, and lifecycle affect the magnitude and composition of mVOC emission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessie Uehling
- Department of Biology , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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Adams RI, Lymperopoulou DS, Misztal PK, De Cassia Pessotti R, Behie SW, Tian Y, Goldstein AH, Lindow SE, Nazaroff WW, Taylor JW, Traxler MF, Bruns TD. Microbes and associated soluble and volatile chemicals on periodically wet household surfaces. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:128. [PMID: 28950891 PMCID: PMC5615633 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms influence the chemical milieu of their environment, and chemical metabolites can affect ecological processes. In built environments, where people spend the majority of their time, very little is known about how surface-borne microorganisms influence the chemistry of the indoor spaces. Here, we applied multidisciplinary approaches to investigate aspects of chemical microbiology in a house. METHODS We characterized the microbial and chemical composition of two common and frequently wet surfaces in a residential setting: kitchen sink and bathroom shower. Microbial communities were studied using culture-dependent and independent techniques, including targeting RNA for amplicon sequencing. Volatile and soluble chemicals from paired samples were analyzed using state-of-the-art techniques to explore the links between the observed microbiota and chemical exudates. RESULTS Microbial analysis revealed a rich biological presence on the surfaces exposed in kitchen sinks and bathroom shower stalls. Microbial composition, matched for DNA and RNA targets, varied by surface type and sampling period. Bacteria were found to have an average of 25× more gene copies than fungi. Biomass estimates based on qPCR were well correlated with measured total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Abundant VOCs included products associated with fatty acid production. Molecular networking revealed a diversity of surface-borne compounds that likely originate from microbes and from household products. CONCLUSIONS Microbes played a role in structuring the chemical profiles on and emitted from kitchen sinks and shower stalls. Microbial VOCs (mVOCs) were predominately associated with the processing of fatty acids. The mVOC composition may be more stable than that of microbial communities, which can show temporal and spatial variation in their responses to changing environmental conditions. The mVOC output from microbial metabolism on kitchen sinks and bathroom showers should be apparent through careful measurement, even against a broader background of VOCs in homes, some of which may originate from microbes in other locations within the home. A deeper understanding of the chemical interactions between microbes on household surfaces will require experimentation under relevant environmental conditions, with a finer temporal resolution, to build on the observational study results presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I. Adams
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Pawel K. Misztal
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - Scott W. Behie
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Yilin Tian
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Steven E. Lindow
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - William W. Nazaroff
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - John W. Taylor
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Matt F. Traxler
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Thomas D. Bruns
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
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Grandjean Lapierre S, Toro A, Drancourt M. Mycobacterium iranicum bacteremia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:372. [PMID: 28789664 PMCID: PMC5549388 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium iranicum has recently been recognised as an opportunistic human pathogen. Although infectious conditions represent frequent triggers for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections are rarely associated with this entity. To this date, M. iranicum infection has never been reported in France, has never been associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and has never been found to be multi-resistant on standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a French Caucasian man with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the context of M. iranicum bacteraemia and Hodgkin's disease. We review available data concerning M. iranicum antimycobacterial susceptibility testing and treatment outcomes. We also review the association between hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. CONCLUSION Interpretation of M. iranicum positive cultures remains a clinical challenge and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections need to be considered in secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Toro
- Centre Hospitalier de Martigues, 13500 Martigues, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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