1
|
Ioannou LG, Tsoutsoubi L, Gkiata P, Brown HA, Periard JD, Mekjavic IB, Kenny GP, Nybo L, Flouris AD. Effect of sportswear on performance and physiological heat strain during prolonged running in moderately hot conditions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14520. [PMID: 37839051 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the impact of different upper-torso sportswear technologies on the performance and physiological heat strain of well-trained and national-level athletes during prolonged running in moderately hot conditions. METHODS A randomized crossover design was employed in which 20 well-trained (n = 16) and national-level (n = 4) athletes completed four experimental trials in moderately hot conditions (35°C, 30% relative humidity). In each trial, participants ran at 70% of their peak oxygen uptake (70% V̇O2peak ) for 60 min, while wearing a different upper-body garment: cotton t-shirt, t-shirt with sweat-wicking fabric, compression t-shirt, and t-shirt with aluminum dots lining the inside of the upper back of the garment. Running speed was adjusted to elicit the predetermined oxygen consumption associated with 70% V̇O2peak . Physiological (core and skin temperatures, total body water loss, and urine specific gravity) and perceptual (thermal comfort and sensation, ratings of perceived exertion, and garment cooling functionality) parameters along with running speed at 70% V̇O2peak were continuously recorded. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between the four garments for running speed at 70% V̇O2peak , physiological heat strain, and perceptual responses (all p > 0.05). The tested athletes reported larger areas of perceived suboptimal cooling functionality in the cotton t-shirt and the t-shirt with aluminum dots relative to the sweat-wicking and compression t-shirts (d: 0.43-0.52). CONCLUSION There were not differences among the tested garments regarding running speed at 70% V̇O2peak , physiological heat strain, and perceptual responses in well-trained and national-level endurance athletes exercising in moderate heat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas G Ioannou
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Lydia Tsoutsoubi
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Gkiata
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Harry A Brown
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Julien D Periard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, August Krogh Building, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Masoud AA, Alansare AB, Finch AE. Physiological effects of exercise in heat while wearing a polyester versus cotton T-shirt in physically active men with obesity: a pilot study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1358-1365. [PMID: 37721720 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may impair evaporation especially during exercising in heat. Polyester sportwear is proposed to improve the evaporation but its effectiveness remains overlooked. We investigated physiological effects of exercise in heat while wearing a polyester versus cotton T-shirt on thermoregulation, perspiration, and cardiovascular regulations. METHODS Physically active men with obesity (N.=7; 21.7±1.7 years old; VO2peak 36.8±8.7 mL/kg/min; body fat percentage 34.7±4.3%) performed two randomized, crossover walking sessions for 30 mins (27 °C; 12% relative humidity) while wearing a polyester or cotton T-shirt, separated by a 7-day wash out period. Thermoregulation was assessed by measuring tympanic, torso (back and chest), and peripheral (forehead and forearm) skin temperatures. Perspiration rate was estimated as the difference in body weight (pre minus post walking). Heart rate was measured by a Polar heart rate monitor. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by a sphygmomanometer. All measurements were performed pre, during, and post each session. Two-way ANOVA examined main effects of time, fabric type, and their interactions on the study's outcomes. RESULTS Back and chest temperatures increased (∆=1.6 °C and 0.9 °C, respectively) while forehead and forearm temperatures decreased (∆=-0.5 °C and -1.6 °C, respectively) over time (P<0.05 for all). Only forehead temperature had an interaction effect for time by fabric type where greater decrease was observed during the polyester T-shirt session compared to the cotton T-shirt session (∆=-0.1 vs. -0.8 °C; P=0.016). Heart rate (∆=27.8 beat/min) and systolic blood pressure (∆=7.5 mmHg) increased while diastolic blood pressure (∆=-5.0 mmHg) decreased over time (P<0.05 for all). No difference observed for perspiratory rate (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The current findings do not support the superiority of polyester or cotton sportwear for better thermoregulatory, perspiratory, and cardiovascular regulations in physically active men with obesity. Future research should examine the effectiveness of other alternative fabrics of sportwear for better physiological responses when exercising in the heat, particularly in adults with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A Masoud
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Abdullah B Alansare
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia -
| | - Alfred E Finch
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, College of Health and Human Services, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Best R, Williams JM, Pearce J. The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders. Nutrients 2023; 15:4977. [PMID: 38068833 PMCID: PMC10708571 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Equestrian sport is under-researched within the sport science literature, creating a possible knowledge vacuum for athletes and support personnel wishing to train and perform in an evidence-based manner. This review aims to synthesise available evidence from equitation, sport, and veterinary sciences to describe the pertinent rider physiology of equestrian disciplines. Estimates of energy expenditure and the contribution of underpinning energy systems to equestrian performance are used to provide nutrition and hydration recommendations for competition and training in equestrian disciplines. Relative energy deficiency and disordered eating are also considered. The practical challenges of the equestrian environment, including competitive, personal, and professional factors, injury and concussion, and female participation, are discussed to better highlight novelty within equestrian disciplines compared to more commonly studied sports. The evidence and recommendations are supported by example scenarios, and future research directions are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russ Best
- Centre for Sport Science & Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Te Pūkenga, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
| | - Jane M. Williams
- Department of Animal Science, Hartpury University, Hartpury Gl19 3BE, UK;
| | - Jeni Pearce
- High Performance Sport New Zealand, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen SY, You JW, Cho YC, Huang BH, Kuo HH, Huang J, Hsieh CC, Lan WC, Ou KL. Biomechanical stress distribution of medical inelastic fabrics with different porosity structures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106105. [PMID: 37716207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Clothing fit and pressure comfort play important role in clothing comfort, especially in medical body sculpting clothing (MBSC). In the present study, different body movements (forward bending, side bending, and twisting) were adopted to simulate and investigate the biomechanical stress distribution of the human body with three kinds of porosity inelastic MBSCs through the finite element analysis method. The elastic modulus of the investigated MBSCs was also measured by means of tensile testing. Analytical results showed that in the compression region during body movements, the investigated inelastic MBSCs endured less compression stress, and most of the stress was transmitted to the human body. Moreover, the stresses on the body surface were decreased with the porosity increasing. However, most of the von Mises stresses on the human body were in the desired pressure comfort range. Therefore, these results could provide potential information in the modification of MBSC for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyuan-Yow Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei You
- Division of Family and Operative Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Cho
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Dental Science, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Kuo
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Chien Hsieh
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Lan
- Department of Oral Hygiene Care, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, 203, Taiwan.
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; 3D Global Biotech Inc. (Spin-off Company from Taipei Medical University), New Taipei City, 221, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding Y, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Effect of local ventilation temperature and speed under garments on the thermal response of humans at different metabolic rates. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 113:104102. [PMID: 37506619 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ventilation under garments is one of the effective solutions to alleviate heat stress in the human body, but ventilation preferences and cooling effects in different body segments at different metabolic rates are not thoroughly studied. Eighteen participants performed three metabolic intensities of cycling exercise at 30 °C, RH 35%, where five body segments underwent adjustable ventilation. The ventilation preferences, psychological and physiological responses, and energy consumption were analyzed. The preferred ventilation temperature was approximately 24.5 ± 1.9 °C and the preferred ventilation speed was 1.56 ± 0.29-1.68 ± 0.27 m s-1. At low and moderate metabolic intensities, the five body segments preferred similar ventilation temperatures. At high metabolic intensity, the back preferred lower ventilation temperatures and higher ventilation speeds than the lower limbs. Additionally, the lower back and chest are considered optimal ventilation body segments to achieve higher overall thermal comfort. This study contributes to the optimization of personal ventilated cooling garments for different metabolism scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ding
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051, China.
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051, China; Key Laboratory of Clothing Design & Technology (Donghua University), Ministry of Education, West Yan'an Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051, China.
| | - Zhirui Chen
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051, China.
| |
Collapse
|