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Chen R, Liu L, Chen H, Xing C, Zhang T, Pang Y, Yang X. Evaluation of the clinical application value of cytokine expression profiles in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:139. [PMID: 38833027 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of tumor-secreted cytokines in tumor development has gained substantial attention. Nevertheless, the precise role of tumor-related inflammatory cytokines in prostate cancer (PCa) remains ambiguous. OBJECTIVES To gain deeper insights into the inflammatory response in the process of PCa. METHODS A total of 233 cases were collected, including 80 cases of prostate hyperplasia as disease control, 65 cases of postoperative prostate cancer and 36 cases of prostate cancer as PCa group. Additionally, 52 patients undergoing physical examinations during the same period were collected as the healthy control. The levels of 12 inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood samples were analyzed using flow cytometric bead array technology. The levels of total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (FPSA) in peripheral blood samples were analyzed using electrochemiluminescence technology. RESULTS Our findings revealed significant increases in serum IL-8 levels in PCa group compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-12p70 levels were markedly elevated in the PCa group compared to the disease control group (all p < 0.05). Conversely, the level of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A and IFN-α were lower in the PCa group compared to those in control group. Following surgery, the concentration of IL-6 decreased; whereas, the concentrations of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-12p70, and IFN-α increased, demonstrating significant differences (p < 0.05). The differential upregulation of IL-6 or downregulation of IL-17A in peripheral blood exhibited diagnostic efficacy in PCa patients. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in IL-17A levels, accompanied by decreased of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-a, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-12P70 in patients with distant metastasis. CONCLUSION The peripheral blood cytokines are closely associated with the occurrence and development of prostate cancer, especially the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17A may be useful as potential predictors of PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfa Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Xing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xunjun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Zaalberg A, Pottendorfer E, Zwart W, Bergman AM. It Takes Two to Tango: The Interplay between Prostate Cancer and Its Microenvironment from an Epigenetic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 38254784 PMCID: PMC10813511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Consequently, there is an urgent unmet need for novel treatment avenues. In addition to somatic genetic alterations, deviations in the epigenetic landscape of cancer cells and their tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical drivers of prostate cancer initiation and progression. Unlike genomic mutations, epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible. Therefore, the inhibition of aberrant epigenetic modifications represents an attractive and exciting novel treatment strategy for castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Moreover, drugs targeting the epigenome also exhibit synergistic interactions with conventional therapeutics by directly enhancing their anti-tumorigenic properties by "priming" the tumor and tumor microenvironment to increase drug sensitivity. This review summarizes the major epigenetic alterations in prostate cancer and its TME, and their involvement in prostate tumorigenesis, and discusses the impact of epigenome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek Zaalberg
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabeth Pottendorfer
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.Z.); (E.P.)
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute
| | - Andries M. Bergman
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.Z.); (E.P.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Fernandes R, Costa C, Fernandes R, Barros AN. Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3140. [PMID: 38137361 PMCID: PMC10740737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Liang K, Ke Z, Huang J, Zhang X. Expression and clinical value of NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:385. [PMID: 37559581 PMCID: PMC10407840 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the clinical value of the protein expression levels of nucleotide binding oligomerization-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and caspase recruitment domain-containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasomes in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. A total of 54 patients with prostatic hyperplasia and 58 patients with prostate cancer were recruited at The First People's Hospital of Pinghu between January and May 2022. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the protein expression levels of the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in addition to the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β in the two groups of patients. The protein expression levels of NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasome were significantly increased in patients with prostate cancer compared with patients with prostate hyperplasia. The differences in expression of NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammatory vesicles in prostate cancer of different stages were also compared based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The protein expression level of NLRP1 demonstrated a significant positive correlation with IL-1β and IL-18 expression, and the protein expression level of the NLRC4 inflammasome was significantly positively correlated with IL-18 expression. The protein expression levels of both NLRP1 and NLRC4 demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the Gleason score of prostate cancer. The expression of NLRP1 in tumor (T)3/T4 was significantly higher compared with T1 and expression of the NLRC4 inflammasome in T2 and T3/T4 was significantly higher compared with T1. Expression of the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes was significantly higher in patients with prostate cancer, compared with patients with prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, expression of NLRP1 and NLRC4 may promote tumorigenesis by promoting the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Expression of the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the risk of prostate cancer. Expression of the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in middle- and advanced-stage tumors was higher compared with early-stage tumors. These results suggested that inflammasome expression may serve a significant role in the progression of tumors and could provide a fixed value for the risk assessment and prognosis prediction of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200, P.R. China
| | - Zunjin Ke
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Huang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200, P.R. China
| | - Xijiong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang 314200, P.R. China
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Systemic immune-inflammation index in predicting non-curative resection of endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients with early gastric cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:376-383. [PMID: 36827532 PMCID: PMC9951791 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is considered standard treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC), patients with non-curative resection (NCR) of ESD may still require gastrectomy. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) showed great potential in predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the predictive validity of SII of NCR in EGC patients. METHODS We reviewed data from EGC patients who underwent ESD in the past. The relationship between SII and clinicopathologic features was investigated. We used Receiver operating characteristic curves to compare the predictive values of NCR between SII and other inflammation indices. Binary logistic analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for NCR. These factors were then used to construct a predictive nomogram. RESULTS SII was associated with larger tumor size, male gender, older age, submucosal invasion, and a greater risk of NCR. SII showed better predictivity of NCR than platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). SII [odds ratio (OR) = 1.003, P = 0.001], NLR (OR = 1.520, P = 0.029), PLR (OR = 1.009, P = 0.010), upper stomach tumors (OR = 16.393, P < 0.001), poorly differentiated type (OR = 29.754, P < 0.001), ulceration (OR = 4.814, P = 0.001), and submucosal invasion (OR = 48.91, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for NCR. The nomogram model based on these factors exhibited superior concordance and accuracy. CONCLUSION SII could be considered a simple and effective predictor of NCR of ESD in EGC patients.
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Błaszczuk A, Sikora D, Kiś J, Stępień E, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Humoral Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Prostate Cancer Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040770. [PMID: 37112682 PMCID: PMC10144447 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an important public health problem. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men. In Poland, the incidence of this type of cancer is constantly growing. Considering the appearance of a new coronavirus in December 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and the fact that oncology patients, including those with prostate cancer, are particularly vulnerable to infection, it is recommended to get vaccinated against COVID-19. In our study, we determined the level and prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 IgG in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group and whether the patients’ ages affected the level of antibodies. PCa patients and controls were divided into two age groups: 50–59 years and 60–70 years. We also analyzed the level of antibodies in patients belonging to the relevant risk groups for prostate cancer (the European Society of Urology risk group classification of prostate cancer). For the study, we used the Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG test to detect antibodies against the three main SARS-CoV-2 antigens: NCP, RBD, and S2. Our results showed that prostate cancer patients had significantly lower levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies compared to controls. In addition, age also affected the decrease in the number of IgG antibodies. The level of antibodies in the intermediate/high-risk group was lower compared to the low-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Błaszczuk
- SARS Laboratory, Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Sikora
- SARS Laboratory, Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Kiś
- 1st Clinical Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- SARS Laboratory, Department of Virology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Computer Science and Medical Statistics with the e-Health Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Xiao J, Sun F, Wang YN, Liu B, Zhou P, Wang FX, Zhou HF, Ge Y, Yue TT, Luo JH, Yang CL, Rong SJ, Xiong ZZ, Ma S, Zhang Q, Xun Y, Yang CG, Luan Y, Wang SG, Wang CY, Wang ZH. UBC9 deficiency enhances immunostimulatory macrophage activation and subsequent antitumor T cell response in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:158352. [PMID: 36626227 PMCID: PMC9927932 DOI: 10.1172/jci158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), along with the regulatory mechanisms underlying distinct macrophage activation states, remains poorly understood in prostate cancer (PCa). Herein, we report that PCa growth in mice with macrophage-specific Ubc9 deficiency is substantially suppressed compared with that in wild-type littermates, an effect partially ascribed to the augmented CD8+ T cell response. Biochemical and molecular analyses revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a crucial UBC9-mediated SUMOylation target, with lysine residue 350 (K350) as the major modification site. Site-directed mutation of STAT4 (K350R) enhanced its nuclear translocation and stability, thereby facilitating the proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Importantly, administration of the UBC9 inhibitor 2-D08 promoted the antitumor effect of TAMs and increased the expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells, supporting a synergistic antitumor efficacy once it combined with the immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Together, our results demonstrate that ablation of UBC9 could reverse the immunosuppressive phenotype of TAMs by promoting STAT4-mediated macrophage activation and macrophage-CD8+ T cell crosstalk, which provides valuable insights to halt the pathogenic process of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology;,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery;,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Urology;,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fa-Xi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Hai-Feng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Tian-Tian Yue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Jia-Hui Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Chun-Liang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
| | | | | | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; and
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Metabolic changes during prostate cancer development and progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2259-2270. [PMID: 36151426 PMCID: PMC10097763 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been recognised as a hallmark in solid tumours. Malignant modification of the tumour's bioenergetics provides energy for tumour growth and progression. Otto Warburg first reported these metabolic and biochemical changes in 1927. In prostate cancer (PCa) epithelial cells, the tumour metabolism also changes during development and progress. These alterations are partly driven by the androgen receptor, the key regulator in PCa development, progress, and survival. In contrast to other epithelial cells of different entities, glycolytic metabolism in prostate cells sustains physiological citrate secretion in the normal prostatic epithelium. In the early stages of PCa, citrate is utilised to power oxidative phosphorylation and fuel lipogenesis, enabling tumour growth and progression. In advanced and incurable castration-resistant PCa, a metabolic shift towards choline, amino acid, and glycolytic metabolism fueling tumour growth and progression has been described. Therefore, even if the metabolic changes are not fully understood, the altered metabolism during tumour progression may provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies, especially in advanced PCa stages. This review focuses on the main differences in PCa's metabolism during tumourigenesis and progression highlighting glutamine's role in PCa.
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Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182793. [PMID: 36139368 PMCID: PMC9496996 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its slow progression and susceptibility to radical forms of treatment, low-grade PC is associated with high overall survival (OS). With the clinical progression of PC, the therapy is becoming more complex. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) makes PC a difficult target for most immunotherapeutics. Its general immune resistance is established by e.g., immune evasion through Treg cells, synthesis of immunosuppressive mediators, and the defective expression of surface neoantigens. The success of sipuleucel-T in clinical trials initiated several other clinical studies that specifically target the immune escape of tumors and eliminate the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. In the settings of PC treatment, this can be commonly achieved with radiation therapy (RT). In addition, focal therapies usually applied for localized PC, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and irreversible electroporation (IRE) were shown to boost the anti-cancer response. Nevertheless, the present guidelines restrict their application to the context of a clinical trial or a prospective cohort study. This review explains how RT and focal therapies enhance the immune response. We also provide data supporting the combination of RT and focal treatments with immune therapies.
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Vitek RA, Huang W, Geiger PG, Heninger E, Lang JM, Jarrard DF, Beebe DJ, Johnson BP. Fresh tissue procurement and preparation for multicompartment and multimodal analysis of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Prostate 2022; 82:836-849. [PMID: 35226381 PMCID: PMC9010374 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic cancers include a diverse microenvironment of tumor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune components. This tumor microenvironment (TME) is a known driving force of tumor survival after treatment, but the standard-of-care tissue freezing or fixation in pathology practice limit the use of available approaches/tools to study the TME's functionality in tumor resistance. Thus, there is a need for approaches that satisfy both clinical and laboratory endpoints for TME study. Here we present methods for clinical case identification, tissue processing, and analytical workflow that are compatible with standard histopathology while enabling molecular and functional interrogation of prostate TME components. METHODS We first performed a small retrospective review to identify cases where submission of alternate prostate tissue slices and a parallel live tissue processing protocol complement traditional histopathology and enable viable multicompartment analysis of the TME. Then, we tested its compatibility with commonly employed methods to study the microenvironment including quantification of components both in situ and after tissue dissociation. We also evaluated tissue digestion conditions and cell isolation techniques to aid various molecular and functional endpoints. RESULTS We identified Gleason Grade Group 3+ clinical cases where tumor volume was sufficient to allow slicing of unfixed tissue and distribution of alternating tissue slices to standard-of-care histopathology and viable multi-modal TME analyses. No single method was found that preserved cellular sub-types for all downstream readouts; instead, tissues were further divided so techniques could be catered to each endpoint. For instance, we show that incorporating the protease dispase into tissue dissociation improves viability for culture and functional analyses but hinders immune cell analysis by flow cytometry. We also found that flow activated cell sorting provides highly pure cell populations for quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and RNA-seq while isolation using antibody-labeled paramagnetic particles facilitated functional coculture experiments. CONCLUSIONS The identification of candidate cases and use of these techniques enable translational research and the development of molecular and functional assays to facilitate prostate TME study without compromising standard-of-care histopathological diagnosis. This allows bridging clinical histopathology and further interrogation of the prostate TME and promises to advance our understanding of tumor biology and unveil new predictive and prognostic markers of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Vitek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Peter G. Geiger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Erika Heninger
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Brian P. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Construction of Potential Gene Expression and Regulation Networks in Prostate Cancer Using Bioinformatics Tools. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8846951. [PMID: 34512870 PMCID: PMC8426106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8846951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To identify the key genes involved in prostate cancer and their regulatory network. Methods The dataset of mRNA/miRNA transcriptome sequencing was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas/the Gene Expression Omnibus database for analysis. The “edgeR” package in the R environment was used to normalize and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). First, the PANTHER online tool was used to analyze the function enrichment of DEGs. Next, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape tools. Finally, miRNA-gene regulatory networks were constructed using the miRTarBase. Results We identified 4339 important DEGs, of which 2145 were upregulated (Up-DEGs) and 2194 were downregulated (Down-DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the Up-DEGs were related to the immune system and the cell cycle in prostate cancer, whereas the Down-DEGs were related to the nucleic acid metabolic process and metabolism pathways. Twelve core protein clusters were found in the PPI network. Further, the constructed miRNA-gene interaction network showed that 11 downregulated miRNAs regulated 16 Up-DEGs and 22 upregulated miRNAs regulated 22 Down-DEGs. Conclusion We identified 4339 genes and 70 miRNAs that may be involved in immune response, cell cycle, and other key pathways of the prostate cancer regulatory network. Genes such as BUB1B, ANX1A1, F5, HTR4, and MUC4 can be used as biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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12
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Shui Y, Li M, Su J, Chen M, Gu X, Guo W. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of systemic immune-inflammation index in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of 2,365 patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20585-20597. [PMID: 34435973 PMCID: PMC8436945 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in patients with pancreatic cancer is conflicting according to previous investigations. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the association between SII and pancreatic cancer prognosis. Electronic databases were searched for studies exploring the association of SII with prognostic outcomes in pancreatic cancer. The endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic value of SII was estimated by hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Nine studies containing 11 cohorts with 2,365 subjects in total were included in this meta-analysis. Elevated SII was associated with poor OS (HR=1.50, 95% CI=1.15-1.96, p=0.002), RFS/PFS/DFS (HR=1.52, 95% CI=1.01-2.28, p=0.045), and CSS (HR=2.60, 95% CI=1.65-4.09, p < 0.001) in patients with pancreatic cancer. Additionally, there was no significant association between SII and other parameters in pancreatic cancer such as sex, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stage, vascular invasion, and grade. This meta-analysis suggested that elevated SII was a significant prognostic marker for short-term and long-term survival outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Shui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Breast Disease Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Mengquan Li
- Department of Breast Disease Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Breast Disease Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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13
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Xu N, Dong RN, Lin TT, Lin T, Lin YZ, Chen SH, Zhu JM, Ke ZB, Huang F, Chen YH, Xue XY. Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634075. [PMID: 34268107 PMCID: PMC8276177 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Nan Dong
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Lin
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhu
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ke
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Central Lab, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye-Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yi Xue
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant progress, patients with metastatic prostate cancer continue to have poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer care for many tumor types but has a limited role in the treatment of prostate cancer. This review discusses the promise of immunotherapy in prostate cancer treatment with an emphasis on emerging therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Most prostate tumors have low tumor mutational burden and lack immunogenicity, representing significant hurdles to induction of anti-tumor immunity. However, recent research centered on deciphering key mechanisms of immune resistance in the prostate tumor microenvironment has led to the discovery of a range of new treatment targets. These discoveries are currently being translated into innovative immunotherapy clinical trials for patients with prostate cancer. Recent progress includes early evidence of activity for these novel approaches and the identification of potential predictive biomarkers of response. Novel treatment strategies using new antigen-directed therapies, drugs targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and combination immunotherapy therapies show great potential and are currently in clinical development. In addition, a deeper understanding of predictors of response and resistance to immunotherapy in prostate cancer is allowing for a more personalized approach to therapy.
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15
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Elkoshi Z. The Binary Classification of Protein Kinases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:929-947. [PMID: 33776467 PMCID: PMC7988341 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In an earlier publication a binary model for chronic diseases classification has been proposed. According to the model, chronic diseases were classified as “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases, depending on whether the immune response is anti- or pro-inflammatory and assuming that regulatory T cells are major determinants of the response. It turned out that most cancers are “high Treg” diseases, while autoimmune diseases are “low Treg”. This paper proposes a molecular cause for this binary response. The mechanism proposed depends on the effect of protein kinases on the immune system. Thus, protein kinases are classified as anti- or pro-inflammatory kinases depending on whether they drive “high Treg” or “low Treg” diseases. Observations reported in the earlier publication can be described in terms of anti-inflammatory kinase (AIK) or pro-inflammatory kinase (PIK) activity. Analysis of literature data reveals that the two classes of kinases display distinctive properties relating to their interactions with pathogens and environmental factors. Pathogens that promote Treg activity (“high Treg” pathogens) activate AIKs, while pathogens that suppress Treg activity (“low Treg” pathogens) activate PIKs. Diseases driven by AIKs are associated with “high Treg” pathogens while those diseases driven by PIKs are associated with “low Treg” pathogens. By promoting the activity of AIKs, alcohol consumption increases the risk of “high Treg” cancers but decreases the risk of some “low Treg” autoimmune diseases. JAK1 gain-of-function mutations are observed at high frequencies in autoimmune diseases while JAK1 loss-of-function mutations are observed at high frequencies in cancers with high tumor-infiltrating Tregs. It should also be noted that the corresponding two classes of protein kinase inhibitors are mutually exclusive in terms of their approved therapeutic indications. There is no protein kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of both autoimmune diseases and “high Treg” cancers. Although there are exceptions to the conclusions presented above, these conclusions are supported by the great bulk of published data. It therefore seems that the binary division of protein kinases is a useful tool for elucidating (at the molecular level) many distinctive properties of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Wang S, Zheng X, Chen X, Shi X, Chen S. Prognostic and predictive value of immune/stromal-related gene biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:308-316. [PMID: 32565957 PMCID: PMC7285855 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune/stromal-associated genes may be promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and the determination of clinical cancer treatment options. The aim of the present study was to identify prognostic stromal/immune-associated genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC gene expression data (885 cases) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immune/stromal scores were calculated by using the ESTIMATE package in R. Immune/stromal scores were significantly associated with Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, clinical stage and overall survival rate (P<0.05). There were 419 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on immune scores and 738 DEGs based on stromal scores. Among these DEGs, 406 DEGs based on stromal scores and 252 DEGs based on immune scores were significantly associated with overall survival rate (P<0.05). The biological functions of these DEGs were primarily enriched in the 'immune response' and 'regulation of cell migration and proliferation'. These DEGs were observed in a protein-protein interaction network. A LASSO Cox regression model was used to build a prognostic 6 gene-based classifier, including the IL21R, ATP6V1C2, GBP1, P2RY10, GBP4 and TNNC2 genes [area under the curve (AUC) =0.776]. The predictive model which combined this classifier with clinical prognostic factors had a high accuracy in predicting patient survival in RCC (combined AUC =0.899). Taken together, these results demonstrated that there are significant associations between immune/stromal scores and clinicopathological staging. A set of tumor microenvironment-associated genes that have powerful prognostic value in patients with RCC were identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xinglu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Sansan Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Sansan Chen, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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17
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Deng C, Xu Y, Fu J, Zhu X, Chen H, Xu H, Wang G, Song Y, Song G, Lu J, Liu R, Tang Q, Huang W, Wang J. Reprograming the tumor immunologic microenvironment using neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1899-1909. [PMID: 32232912 PMCID: PMC7293104 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a crucial role in tumor progression and response to treatment. However, the limited studies on infiltrating immune cells have shown inconsistent and even controversial results for osteosarcoma (OS). In addition, the dynamic changes of infiltrating immune cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are largely unknown. We downloaded the RNA expression matrix and clinical information of 80 OS patients from the TARGET database. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the proportion of 22 immune cell types in patients based on gene expression data. M2 macrophages were found to be the most abundant immune cell type and were associated with improved survival in OS. Another cohort of pretreated OS samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry to validate the results from CIBERSORT analysis. Matched biopsy and surgical samples from 27 patients were collected to investigate the dynamic change of immune cells and factors before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with increased densities of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Ki67 + CD8+ T cells and PD-L1+ immune cells. Moreover, HLA-DR-CD33+ myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) were decreased after treatment. We determined that the application of chemotherapy may activate the local immune status and convert OS into an immune "hot" tumor. These findings provide rationale for investigating the schedule of immunotherapy treatment in OS patients in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangzhong Deng
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiyuan Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijiang Song
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ranyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Hua X, Long ZQ, Zhang YL, Wen W, Guo L, Xia W, Zhang WW, Lin HX. Prognostic Value of Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matching Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:580. [PMID: 32373539 PMCID: PMC7186330 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It was reported that the novel preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) can predict survival in cases of many malignant tumors. However, the prognostic significance of preoperative SII in breast cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SII and survival in breast cancer patients. Methods: Breast cancer patients (1,026) who underwent a mastectomy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively studied. The SII was determined using the following formula: neutrophil count × platelet count/lymphocyte count. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for SII. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to develop comparable cohorts of high SII group and low SII group. Results: A total of 1,026 patients were included as the primary cohort, and 894 patients were matched and regarded as the matched cohort. Patients were divided into two groups based on SII value: SII <601.7 and high SII >601.7. In the primary cohort, the 5-years overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates for high SII group and low SII group were (85.6% vs. 91.3%, P = 0.016), (95.8% vs. 96.4%, P = 0.684), and (83.5% vs. 90.6%, P = 0.007), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that histological type, T stage, N stage, PR, HER2, Ki67, and SII all showed significant associations with OS; and histological type, T stage, N stage, and SII all showed significant associations with DMFS. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that SII can independently predict OS (P = 0.017) and DMFS (P = 0.007). Similar results were found in PSM cohort. Conclusions: Preoperative SII may be a reliable predictor of OS and DMFS in patients with operable breast cancer to provide personalized prognostication and assist in formulation of the clinical treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Slovin SF. Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer: has its time arrived? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:481-487. [PMID: 32097050 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1735345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Within the last decade, multiple innovative immune platforms have been developed and tested in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with only one demonstrating a survival benefit. The advent of immunogenomics along with the availability of diverse checkpoint inhibitors provides inroads in treating these patients, in many cases with significant clinical impact but unfortunately not in all patients. How to exploit these novel platforms remains an area of increased interest especially in the setting of new agents that can affect the tumor microenvironment and potentially render a 'cold' tumor to become 'hot.'Areas covered: This review highlights the current changes and challenges in this field and how to best use our current knowledge for better trial designs in patients with mCRPC.Expert opinion: Recent understanding of the inhibitory milieu within the tumor microenvironment has fostered the use of combinatorial strategies that target not only tumor cells but capitalize on controlling inhibitory cell populations and cytokines that induce a hostile setting for immune cells. Immunogenomics and genomic interrogation of prostate cancers have opened a vista as to how patients' tumors that can respond to immune agents that previously were thought have minimal antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Slovin
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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20
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Ma Z, Chao F, Wang S, Song Z, Zhuo Z, Zhang J, Xu G, Chen G. CTHRC1 affects malignant tumor cell behavior and is regulated by miR-30e-5p in human prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:418-424. [PMID: 32102754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) has been picked out as a cancer-related, secreted glycoprotein that possesses multifaceted functions such as wound repair, the formation of adipose tissue, hepatocytes fibrosis, and bone remodeling. This study aims to explore the biological function and the profound regulative mechanism of CTHRC1 in human prostate cancer (PCa). We found that CTHRC1 was upregulated in patients with PCa. The knockdown of CTHRC1 suppressed PCa cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation significantly. The expression of CTHRC1 was down-regulated and up-regulated by miR-30e-5p mimics and inhibitors, respectively, in PCa cells. The dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the binding of miR-30e-5p with CTHRC1 mRNA, indicating the regulation of CTHC1 by miR-30e-5p. In consequence, this study demonstrated that CTHRC1 acts as an oncogenic gene and targeting the miR-30e-5p-CTHRC1 axis may provide novel therapeutic treatment for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fan Chao
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Research, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical Research, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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21
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Kudryavtseva AV, Lukyanova EN, Kharitonov SL, Nyushko KM, Krasheninnikov AA, Pudova EA, Guvatova ZG, Alekseev BY, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Dmitriev AA, Snezhkina AV, Krasnov GS. Bioinformatic identification of differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis of locally advanced lymph node-positive prostate cancer. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2020; 17:1950003. [PMID: 30866732 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720019500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the primary causes of cancer-related mortality in men worldwide. Patients with locally advanced PCa with metastases in regional lymph nodes are usually marked as a high-risk group. One of the chief concerns for this group is to make an informed decision about the necessity of conducting adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy after radical surgical treatment. During the oncogenic transformation and progression of the disease, the expression of many genes is altered. Some of these genes can serve as markers for diagnosis, predicting the prognosis or effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We undertook bioinformatic analysis of the RNA-seq data deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas consortium database to identify possible prognostic markers. We compared the groups with favorable and unfavorable prognosis for the cohort of patients with PCa showing lymph node metastasis (pT2N1M0, pT3N1M0, and pT4N1M0) and for the most common molecular type carrying the fusion transcript TMPRSS2-ERG. For the entire cohort, we revealed at least six potential markers (IDO1, UGT2B15, IFNG, MUC6, CXCL11, and GBP1). Most of these genes are involved in the positive regulation of immune response. For the TMPRSS2-ERG subtype, we also identified six genes, the expression of which may be associated with prognosis: TOB1, GALNT7, INAFM1, APELA, RAC3, and NNMT. The identified genes, after additional studies and validation in the extended cohort, could serve as a prognostic marker of locally advanced lymph node-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kudryavtseva
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena N Lukyanova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey L Kharitonov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill M Nyushko
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Krasheninnikov
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Elena A Pudova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Kiseleva
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- † Federal State Budgetary Institution, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Korolev Str., Obninsk 249036, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Snezhkina
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - George S Krasnov
- * Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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Zhang X. Interactions between cancer cells and bone microenvironment promote bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:76. [PMID: 31753020 PMCID: PMC6873445 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the leading cause of death in prostate cancer patients, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Since the bone microenvironment plays an important role in this process, attentions have been directed to the interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone stromal cells. Here, we explained the mechanism of interactions between prostate cancer cells and metastasis-associated cells within the bone microenvironment and further discussed the recent advances in targeted therapy of prostate cancer bone metastasis. This review also summarized the effects of bone microenvironment on prostate cancer metastasis and the related mechanisms, and provides insights for future prostate cancer metastasis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, No. 6 Jiankang Road, Jining, 272000, Shandong, P. R. China.
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23
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Liu Y, Mikrani R, Xie D, Wazir J, Shrestha S, Ullah R, Baig MMFA, Ahmed A, Srivastava PK, Thapa KB, Zhou X. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer: study of immune cells and cytokines. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:160-172. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Reyaj Mikrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Dianyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Sajan Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | | | - Kedar Bahadur Thapa
- Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
- Department of Surgery Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210017 China
- Department of Surgery Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital Nanjing Jiangsu 210017 China
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24
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Ihle CL, Provera MD, Straign DM, Smith EE, Edgerton SM, Van Bokhoven A, Lucia MS, Owens P. Distinct tumor microenvironments of lytic and blastic bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:293. [PMID: 31703602 PMCID: PMC6839115 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common metastatic lesions of prostate cancer are in bone and can be classified into three distinct pathology subtypes: lytic, blastic, and an indeterminate mixture of both. We investigated a cohort of decalcified formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient specimens from the bone that contained metastatic prostate cancer with lytic or blastic features. These tissue sections were utilized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, isolation of RNA for gene expression, and Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) of changes in both the tumor and microenvironment. A diverse set of unique immune cell populations and signaling pathways to both lytic and blastic types of prostate cancer metastases were present. In blastic lesions immune cells were enriched for pSTAT3 and components of the JAK-STAT pathway. In lytic-type lesions, immune cells were enriched for pAKT activity and components of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Enrichment for immune checkpoints including PD-L1, B7-H4, OX40L, and IDO-1 were identified in blastic prostate cancer, providing new therapeutic targets for patients with bone metastases. Biopsies could guide selection of patients into appropriate therapeutic interventions based on protein levels and RNA expression of desired targets in metastatic disease. Molecular pathology has been an excellent complement to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of primary tumors and could be successfully extended to patients with metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Ihle
- Cancer Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Meredith D Provera
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Desiree M Straign
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - E Erin Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Susan M Edgerton
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Adrie Van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - M Scott Lucia
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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25
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Zhou Q, Xiong W, Zhou X, Gao RS, Lin QF, Liu HY, Li JN, Tian XF. CTHRC1 and PD‑1/PD‑L1 expression predicts tumor recurrence in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4244-4252. [PMID: 31545446 PMCID: PMC6797961 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a gene that has been associated with tumor progression in human prostate cancer (PC). The tumor immune microenvironment has been linked with disease outcome in PC. In the present study, the correlation between CTHRC1 with PC recurrence and the tumor immunological microenvironment was investigated. Using the data supplied by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), the expression of CTHRC1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining of CTHRC1, PD-1 and PD-L1 was performed using a tissue microarray construction of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) specimens. In PRAD, an association was reported between the CTHRC1 expression and the disease free survival (DFS) rate (P=0.022). Overexpression of CTHRC1 was correlated with increased levels of PD-1 (R=0.272, P=0.021) and PD-L1 (R=0.298, P=0.016), elevated levels of infiltrating B cells (P=9.51e−11), CD4+ cells (P=1.51e−11), macrophages (P=8.25e−5), neutrophils (P=2.17e−9) and dendritic cells (P=3.13e−13). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CTHRC1 was correlated with the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, mucin 1 and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 genes, which exert an influence in PRAD. The occurrence of this condition is most likely to be associated with regulation of the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, we demonstrated that the prognosis and immunity of PC are closely linked to CTHRC1 upregulation. Furthermore, these results suggest that the immune function of PC may be suppressed by CTHRC1-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Song Gao
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Qun-Fang Lin
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Ni Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Fei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
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26
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Fox JJ, Navarro HI, Hashimoto T, Garcia AJ, Goldstein AS. Mass cytometry reveals species-specific differences and a new level of complexity for immune cells in the prostate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:281-296. [PMID: 31511834 PMCID: PMC6734036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the benign prostate has been associated with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. While a range of immune lineages is found in the prostate including T cells, B cells and myeloid cells, the specific subsets of immune cells with each major lineage have not been well described. In this study, we use mass cytometry (CyTOF) to comprehensively and reproducibly profile immune cells in mouse and human prostate. Using 4 myeloid markers (CD11b, CD11c, F4/80, Ly6C) in the mouse, we identified 8 phenotypically-distinct myeloid populations, demonstrating considerable heterogeneity within the immune compartment of the mouse prostate. We then profiled the prostate immune microenvironment from 9 human patients. Unlike the mouse prostate which is myeloid-dominant, the immune compartment in the benign human prostate is consistently T-lymphocyte-dominant. Using the X-shift algorithm to identify individual immune subsets based on marker expression, we found 57 phenotypically-distinct immune cell types in the human prostate. Despite similar proportions of T, B and myeloid lineage cells in the benign human prostate of all patients evaluated, we observed considerable interpatient heterogeneity in the abundance of more specific immune subsets. These findings highlight the importance of studying the immune compartment in the prostate at a granular level and will lead to future studies addressing the functional role of specific immune subsets in prostate epithelial transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Fox
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Héctor I Navarro
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takao Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro J Garcia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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A Rich Array of Prostate Cancer Molecular Biomarkers: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081813. [PMID: 31013716 PMCID: PMC6515282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent non-skin cancer in men and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection of prostate cancer is largely determined by a widely used prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test and biopsy is performed for definitive diagnosis. Prostate cancer is asymptomatic in the early stage of the disease, comprises of diverse clinico-pathologic and progression features, and is characterized by a large subset of the indolent cancer type. Therefore, it is critical to develop an individualized approach for early detection, disease stratification (indolent vs. aggressive), and prediction of treatment response for prostate cancer. There has been remarkable progress in prostate cancer biomarker discovery, largely through advancements in genomic technologies. A rich array of prostate cancer diagnostic and prognostic tests has emerged for serum (4K, phi), urine (Progensa, T2-ERG, ExoDx, SelectMDx), and tumor tissue (ConfirmMDx, Prolaris, Oncoytype DX, Decipher). The development of these assays has created new opportunities for improving prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. While opening exciting opportunities, these developments also pose unique challenges in terms of selecting and incorporating these assays into the continuum of prostate cancer patient care.
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29
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Mancini A, Colapietro A, Pompili S, Del Fattore A, Delle Monache S, Biordi LA, Angelucci A, Mattei V, Liang C, Gravina GL, Festuccia C. Dual PI3 K/mTOR inhibition reduces prostate cancer bone engraftment altering tumor-induced bone remodeling. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318771773. [PMID: 29687745 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318771773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity in advanced prostate cancer patients is largely associated with bone metastatic events. The development of novel therapeutic strategies is imperative in order to effectively treat this incurable stage of the malignancy. In this context, Akt signaling pathway represents a promising therapeutic target able to counteract biochemical recurrence and metastatic progression in prostate cancer. We explored the therapeutic potential of a novel dual PI3 K/mTOR inhibitor, X480, to inhibit tumor growth and bone colonization using different in vivo prostate cancer models including the subcutaneous injection of aggressive and bone metastatic (PC3) and non-bone metastatic (22rv1) cell lines and preclinical models known to generate bone lesions. We observed that X480 both inhibited the primary growth of subcutaneous tumors generated by PC3 and 22rv1 cells and reduced bone spreading of PCb2, a high osteotropic PC3 cell derivative. In metastatic bone, X480 inhibited significantly the growth and osteolytic activity of PC3 cells as observed by intratibial injection model. X480 also increased the bone disease-free survival compared to untreated animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that X480 was effective in counteracting osteoclastogenesis whereas it stimulated osteoblast activity. Our report provides novel information on the potential activity of PI3 K/Akt inhibitors on the formation and progression of prostate cancer bone metastases and supports a biological rationale for the use of these inhibitors in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients at high risk of developing clinically evident bone lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Pompili
- 2 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Human Anatomy, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Simona Delle Monache
- 4 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Leda Assunta Biordi
- 5 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- 6 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- 7 Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, Rieti University Hub "Sabina Universitas," Rieti, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- 9 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiology Oncology; University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- 1 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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30
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Rajendran P, Chen YF, Chen YF, Chung LC, Tamilselvi S, Shen CY, Day CH, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Kuo WW, Huang CY. The multifaceted link between inflammation and human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6458-6471. [PMID: 29323719 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing reports on epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical studies suggest that dysfunction of the inflammatory reaction results in chronic illnesses such as cancer, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, neurological disorders, liver diseases, and renal disorders. Chronic inflammation might progress if injurious agent persists; however, more typically than not, the response is chronic from the start. Distinct to most changes in acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by the infiltration of damaged tissue by mononuclear cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, in addition to tissue destruction and attempts to repair. Phagocytes are the key players in the chronic inflammatory response. However, the important drawback is the activation of pathological phagocytes, which might result from continued tissue damage and lead to harmful diseases. The longer the inflammation persists, the greater the chance for the establishment of human diseases. The aim of this review was to focus on advances in the understanding of chronic inflammation and to summarize the impact and involvement of inflammatory agents in certain human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veteran's General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Yuan Rung Hospital, Yuanlin, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Chung
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan County, Taiwan
| | - Shanmugam Tamilselvi
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Fan L, Wang R, Chi C, Cai W, Zhang Y, Qian H, Shao X, Wang Y, Xu F, Pan J, Zhu Y, Shangguan X, Zhou L, Dong B, Xue W. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts the combined clinical outcome after sequential therapy with abiraterone and docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. Prostate 2018; 78:250-256. [PMID: 29285775 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the antitumor effect of abiraterone (AA) followed by docetaxel-prednisone (DP) or vice versa in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, and explored factors that might predict combined PSA-PFS, combined rPFS and OS. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed mCRPC patients treated with sequential therapy using DP followed by AA or vice versa. Patients who had received enzalutamide or cabazitaxel were excluded. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). The combined PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), combined radiographic PFS (rPFS), and OS of AA-to-DP were compared to the reverse sequence using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank statistics. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors that were associated with combined PSA-PFS, combined rPFS and OS. RESULTS A total of 104 mCRPC patients who began treatment between 2013 and 2017 were identified: 42 were in the DP-to-AA group and 62 were in the AA-to-DP group. There was no significant difference of baseline clinical characteristics between AA-to-DP and DP-to-AA group. In addition, there was no significant difference in combined PSA-PFS (AA-to-DP: 12.5 [11.4-13.6] vs DP-to-AA: 13.2 [10.9-15.5] months [P = 0.127]), combined rPFS (AA-to-DP: 12.2 [10.9-13.4] vs DP-to-AA: 11.2 [8.9-13.5] months [P = 0.183]) and OS (AA-to-DP: 23.3 [19.7-26.9] vs DP-to-AA: 22.9 [22.1-23.7] months [P = 0.213]) between the two treatment sequences in Kaplan-Meier analysis. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high systematic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) level, which was calculated by P (platelet) × N (neutrophil)/L(lymphocyte), remained significant predictors of OS, combined rPFS and combined PSA-PFS. CONCLUSION In this study, we did not observe differences in clinical outcomes based on alternative sequencing of AA and DP in mCRPC patients. The ability to tolerate side effects and patient preference may be used to determine the treatment sequencing. In addition, high pretreatment SII level is a negative independent prognosticator of survival outcomes in mCRPC with sequential therapy using DP followed by AA or vice versa, which might guide clinicians select the best treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Fan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Chi
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Qian
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Shao
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Shangguan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Wang K, Diao F, Ye Z, Zhang X, Zhai E, Ren H, Li T, Wu H, He Y, Cai S, Chen J. Prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with gastric cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:75. [PMID: 28899420 PMCID: PMC5596912 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation-based indexes have been used to predict survival and recurrence in cancer patients. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was reported to be associated with prognosis in some malignant tumors. In the present study, we aimed to explore the association between SII and the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 444 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1994 and December 2005. Preoperative SII was calculated. The Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the relationship between preoperative SII and clinicopathologic characteristics. Overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the effect of SII on OS was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive ability of SII, NLR, and PLR. Results SII equal to or higher than 660 was significantly associated with old age, large tumor size, unfavorable Borrmann classification, advanced tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and high carcino-embryonic antigen level, high neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, and high platelet–lymphocyte ratio (all P < 0.05). High SII was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis (P < 0.001) and SII was an independent predictor for OS (P = 0.015). Subgroups analysis further showed significant associations between high SII and short OS in stage I, II, III subgroups (all P < 0.05). SII was superior to NLR and PLR for predicting OS in patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion Preoperative SII level is an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Diao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 512120, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Ye
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ertao Zhai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ren
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yulong He
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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Qian CN, Mei Y, Zhang J. Cancer metastasis: issues and challenges. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:38. [PMID: 28372569 PMCID: PMC5379757 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients and of cancer-related deaths. This editorial discusses how cancer metastasis may be better perceived and controlled. Based on big-data analyses, a collection of 150 important pro-metastatic genes was studied. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets to re-analyze the effect of some previously reported metastatic genes—e.g., JAM2, PPARGC1A, SIK2, and TRAF6—on overall survival of patients with renal and liver cancers, we found that these genes are actually protective factors for patients with cancer. The role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in single-cell metastasis has been well-documented. However, in metastasis caused by cancer cell clusters, EMT may not be necessary. A novel role of epithelial marker E-cadherin, as a sensitizer for chemoresistant prostate cancer cells by inhibiting Notch signaling, has been found. This editorial also discusses the obstacles for developing anti-metastatic drugs, including the lack of high-throughput technologies for identifying metastasis inhibitors, less application of animal models in the pre-clinical evaluation of the leading compounds, and the need for adjustments in clinical trial design to better reflect the anti-metastatic efficacy of new drugs. We are confident that by developing more effective high-throughput technologies to identify metastasis inhibitors, we can better predict, prevent, and treat cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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