1
|
de Alcântara Mendes JA, Lucassen M, Adams A, Martin L, Aicardi C, Woodcock R, Nielsen E, Townsend E, Jirotka M. Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approaches in mental health projects involving young people: a scoping review protocol. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2024; 10:60. [PMID: 38863035 PMCID: PMC11167781 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-024-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rather than being perceived as merely 'part of the problem', the perspectives and experiences of young people play a pivotal role in devising effective solutions for mental health challenges. Two distinct methodologies that aid in this endeavour are 'patient and public involvement' (PPI) and 'responsible research and innovation' (RRI). However, there is a tendency to conflate PPI and RRI practices, leading to ambiguity in their application. Moreover, the extent and nature of young people's involvement in mental health-related projects (namely: research, intervention, product development) employing these methodologies, and the subsequent implications thereof, remain unclear. Consequently, the proposed scoping review aims to identify and analyse literature pertaining to PPI and RRI approaches in mental health projects that engage young people in collaboration. METHODS The selected databases will be MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science, IBBS, CINAHL (EBSCO) and ASSIA. Comprehensive searches will span from the inception of each database. A pilot test will be conducted to assess the screening criteria and data extraction form, with two authors independently reviewing titles and abstracts. Full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria will undergo narrative syntheses, with results presented in tabular format. Feedback on the findings from a youth perspective will be sought from young people within our broader research network, namely Sprouting Minds. The review will adhere to the guidelines outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and follow the PRISMA-ScR procedures. Inclusion criteria will comprise English-language, primary research peer-reviewed articles focused on Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) or Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), examining mental health-related research processes, interventions, and products developed in collaboration with young people. Studies employing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches will be considered, while non-journal publications will be excluded. DISCUSSION The intended scoping review aims to map the literature concerning mental health-related projects that engage with young people through PPI or RRI approaches. The outcomes hold promise for enriching the participatory research domain, particularly in studies centred on young people and their mental well-being. Furthermore, by delineating potential overlaps and distinctions between PPI and RRI, the findings stand to aid mental health researchers and practitioners in making informed decisions about the most suitable approach for their projects when partnering with young individuals. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (registration: DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N4EDB ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Adams
- University of Nottingham, Sprouting Minds (Young People Advisory Group - Digital Youth), Nottingham, UK
| | - Lucy Martin
- University of Nottingham, Sprouting Minds (Young People Advisory Group - Digital Youth), Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Woodcock
- MindTech Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) Coordinator, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emma Nielsen
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith KA, Hardy A, Vinnikova A, Blease C, Milligan L, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Lambe S, Marzano L, Uhlhaas PJ, Ostinelli EG, Anmella G, Zangani C, Aronica R, Dwyer B, Torous J, Cipriani A. Digital Mental Health for Schizophrenia and Other Severe Mental Illnesses: An International Consensus on Current Challenges and Potential Solutions. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e57155. [PMID: 38717799 PMCID: PMC11112473 DOI: 10.2196/57155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital approaches may be helpful in augmenting care to address unmet mental health needs, particularly for schizophrenia and severe mental illness (SMI). OBJECTIVE An international multidisciplinary group was convened to reach a consensus on the challenges and potential solutions regarding collecting data, delivering treatment, and the ethical challenges in digital mental health approaches for schizophrenia and SMI. METHODS The consensus development panel method was used, with an in-person meeting of 2 groups: the expert group and the panel. Membership was multidisciplinary including those with lived experience, with equal participation at all stages and coproduction of the consensus outputs and summary. Relevant literature was shared in advance of the meeting, and a systematic search of the recent literature on digital mental health interventions for schizophrenia and psychosis was completed to ensure that the panel was informed before the meeting with the expert group. RESULTS Four broad areas of challenge and proposed solutions were identified: (1) user involvement for real coproduction; (2) new approaches to methodology in digital mental health, including agreed standards, data sharing, measuring harms, prevention strategies, and mechanistic research; (3) regulation and funding issues; and (4) implementation in real-world settings (including multidisciplinary collaboration, training, augmenting existing service provision, and social and population-focused approaches). Examples are provided with more detail on human-centered research design, lived experience perspectives, and biomedical ethics in digital mental health approaches for SMI. CONCLUSIONS The group agreed by consensus on a number of recommendations: (1) a new and improved approach to digital mental health research (with agreed reporting standards, data sharing, and shared protocols), (2) equal emphasis on social and population research as well as biological and psychological approaches, (3) meaningful collaborations across varied disciplines that have previously not worked closely together, (4) increased focus on the business model and product with planning and new funding structures across the whole development pathway, (5) increased focus and reporting on ethical issues and potential harms, and (6) organizational changes to allow for true communication and coproduction with those with lived experience of SMI. This study approach, combining an international expert meeting with patient and public involvement and engagement throughout the process, consensus methodology, discussion, and publication, is a helpful way to identify directions for future research and clinical implementation in rapidly evolving areas and can be combined with measurements of real-world clinical impact over time. Similar initiatives will be helpful in other areas of digital mental health and similarly fast-evolving fields to focus research and organizational change and effect improved real-world clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Hardy
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charlotte Blease
- Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lea Milligan
- MQ Mental Health Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sinéad Lambe
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Marzano
- School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo G Ostinelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Zangani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Aronica
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Ca' Granda, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bridget Dwyer
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reilly S, Hobson-Merrett C, Gibbons B, Jones B, Richards D, Plappert H, Gibson J, Green M, Gask L, Huxley PJ, Druss BG, Planner CL. Collaborative care approaches for people with severe mental illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD009531. [PMID: 38712709 PMCID: PMC11075124 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009531.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collaborative care for severe mental illness (SMI) is a community-based intervention that promotes interdisciplinary working across primary and secondary care. Collaborative care interventions aim to improve the physical and/or mental health care of individuals with SMI. This is an update of a 2013 Cochrane review, based on new searches of the literature, which includes an additional seven studies. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of collaborative care approaches in comparison with standard care (or other non-collaborative care interventions) for people with diagnoses of SMI who are living in the community. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Study-Based Register of Trials (10 February 2021). We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders (CCMD) controlled trials register (all available years to 6 June 2016). Subsequent searches on Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO together with the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (with an overlap) were run on 17 December 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) where interventions described as 'collaborative care' were compared with 'standard care' for adults (18+ years) living in the community with a diagnosis of SMI. SMI was defined as schizophrenia, other types of schizophrenia-like psychosis or bipolar affective disorder. The primary outcomes of interest were: quality of life, mental state and psychiatric admissions at 12 months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Pairs of authors independently extracted data. We assessed the quality and certainty of the evidence using RoB 2 (for the primary outcomes) and GRADE. We compared treatment effects between collaborative care and standard care. We divided outcomes into short-term (up to six months), medium-term (seven to 12 months) and long-term (over 12 months). For dichotomous data we calculated the risk ratio (RR) and for continuous data we calculated the standardised mean difference (SMD), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used random-effects meta-analyses due to substantial levels of heterogeneity across trials. We created a summary of findings table using GRADEpro. MAIN RESULTS Eight RCTs (1165 participants) are included in this review. Two met the criteria for type A collaborative care (intervention comprised of the four core components). The remaining six met the criteria for type B (described as collaborative care by the trialists, but not comprised of the four core components). The composition and purpose of the interventions varied across studies. For most outcomes there was low- or very low-certainty evidence. We found three studies that assessed the quality of life of participants at 12 months. Quality of life was measured using the SF-12 and the WHOQOL-BREF and the mean endpoint mental health component scores were reported at 12 months. Very low-certainty evidence did not show a difference in quality of life (mental health domain) between collaborative care and standard care in the medium term (at 12 months) (SMD 0.03, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.32; 3 RCTs, 227 participants). Very low-certainty evidence did not show a difference in quality of life (physical health domain) between collaborative care and standard care in the medium term (at 12 months) (SMD 0.08, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.33; 3 RCTs, 237 participants). Furthermore, in the medium term (at 12 months) low-certainty evidence did not show a difference between collaborative care and standard care in mental state (binary) (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.28; 1 RCT, 253 participants) or in the risk of being admitted to a psychiatric hospital at 12 months (RR 5.15, 95% CI 0.67 to 39.57; 1 RCT, 253 participants). One study indicated an improvement in disability (proxy for social functioning) at 12 months in the collaborative care arm compared to usual care (RR 1.38, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.95; 1 RCT, 253 participants); we deemed this low-certainty evidence. Personal recovery and satisfaction/experience of care outcomes were not reported in any of the included studies. The data from one study indicated that the collaborative care treatment was more expensive than standard care (mean difference (MD) international dollars (Int$) 493.00, 95% CI 345.41 to 640.59) in the short term. Another study found the collaborative care intervention to be slightly less expensive at three years. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review does not provide evidence to indicate that collaborative care is more effective than standard care in the medium term (at 12 months) in relation to our primary outcomes (quality of life, mental state and psychiatric admissions). The evidence would be improved by better reporting, higher-quality RCTs and the assessment of underlying mechanisms of collaborative care. We advise caution in utilising the information in this review to assess the effectiveness of collaborative care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Reilly
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Charley Hobson-Merrett
- Primary Care Plymouth, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Ben Jones
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Debra Richards
- Primary Care Plymouth, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Humera Plappert
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Maria Green
- Pennine Health Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bury, UK
| | - Linda Gask
- Health Sciences Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Huxley
- Centre for Mental Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Benjamin G Druss
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Claire L Planner
- Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bloska J, Crabtree S, Wollersberger N, Mitchell O, Coles J, Halsey C, Parry G, Stewart R, Thacker S, Thacker M, Claydon-Mueller L, Winnard Y, McMahon K, Petrowitz C, Smrokowska-Reichmann A, van Doorn B, Baker FA, Blauth L, Bukowska AA, Stensæth K, Tamplin J, Wosch T, Odell-Miller H. Experiences of participant and public involvement in an international randomized controlled trial for people living with dementia and their informal caregivers. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38698480 PMCID: PMC11064380 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-024-00574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was initiated and co-designed by a Participant and Public Involvement (PPI) group attached to HOMESIDE, a randomized controlled trial that investigated music and reading interventions for people living with dementia and their family caregivers across five countries: Australia, Germany, Norway, Poland, and the UK. The aim was to capture experiences of PPI across the five countries, explore the benefits and challenges of PPI in dementia research, and identify contributions made to the study. METHODS We surveyed PPI members and academic researchers who collaborated on the HOMESIDE study. The survey was co-designed through consultation with PPI members and academics, alongside a small scoping literature review. Survey questions covered four topics: (1) expectations for PPI, (2) perceived contributions of PPI to the research study, (3) benefits and challenges of PPI, and (4) recommendations for future PPI in dementia research. RESULTS There were 23 responses, representing 50% of the PPI members (n = 16) and 29% of academics (n = 7). PPI was found to be beneficial to the research and individuals involved. Contributions to the research included supporting recruitment and publicity, advising on the design of participant-facing materials, guiding the design and delivery of the interventions, and identifying cultural differences affecting research delivery. PPI members benefited from building connections, sharing experiences and receiving support, learning about dementia and research, and gaining new unexpected experiences. Academics learned about the realities of living with dementia, which they felt informed and grounded their work. Several challenges were identified, including the need for clear expectations and objectives, inconsistency of PPI members across research stages, limitations of meeting online versus in-person, scheduling difficulties, and language barriers. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies important considerations for implementing PPI within dementia studies and international healthcare research more broadly. Our findings guided the development of five recommendations: (1) involve PPI members as early as possible and throughout the research process; (2) create a space for constructive criticism and feedback; (3) have clear tasks, roles, and expectations for PPI members; (4) involve PPI members with a diverse range of experiences and backgrounds; and (5) embed infrastructure and planning to support PPI.
Collapse
Grants
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1169867); The Research Council of Norway (project no. 298995); Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (01ED1901); The National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (JPND/04/2019); and Alzheimer's Society, UK (grant no. 462). EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research
- Anglia Ruskin University
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Bloska
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah Crabtree
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina Wollersberger
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oti Mitchell
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Coles
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Halsey
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geraldine Parry
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Stewart
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Thacker
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Thacker
- Public Contributor, Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leica Claydon-Mueller
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvette Winnard
- School of Allied Health and Social Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate McMahon
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carina Petrowitz
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Beatrix van Doorn
- Singing in Elderly Care, Singing Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Public Contributor, Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
| | - Felicity A Baker
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Blauth
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna A Bukowska
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karette Stensæth
- Centre for Research in Music and Health, Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Tamplin
- Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Wosch
- Institute for Applied Social Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helen Odell-Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Music Therapy Research, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ryan D, Nutting H, Parekh C, Crookes S, Southgate L, Caines K, Dear P, John A, Rehman MA, Davidson D, Abid U, Davidson L, Shire KA, McEachan RRC. Ready, set, co(produce): a co-operative inquiry into co-producing research to explore adolescent health and wellbeing in the Born in Bradford Age of Wonder project. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38689373 PMCID: PMC11060965 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-024-00578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-production of research with communities and stakeholders is recognised as best practice, but despite this, transparent reporting and reflective accounts on co-producing research is lacking. Born in Bradford Age of Wonder (AoW) is a large longitudinal health research project, following the health trajectories of up to 30,000 young people across the Bradford district; moreover, AoW has been entirely co-produced with teachers, parents, and young people. This paper describes the co-production of the Born in Bradford Age of Wonder (AoW) project and shares general reflections on co-production from peer researchers involved in co-producing AoW. METHODS A co-operative inquiry (CI) approach was used to gather written reflections on co-production from ten peer researchers (one teacher, one parent, eight young people) involved in co-producing the AoW project. Written reflections were collected and rough "themes" were identified using thematic analysis. RESULTS Four key 'themes' were identified: (1) promoting young people's voice and views (2) identifying impacts of co-production, (3) fostering a collaborative ethos, and (4) suggested improvements to the co-production work in AoW. Peer researchers' reflections highlighted how co-production can positively impact research projects such as AoW, whilst also holding broader benefits including giving young people a voice, facilitating their personal development, and fostering a collaborative ethos both within AoW and with partner organisations. Suggested improvements to AoW co-production included supporting greater numbers of young people and researchers to engage in co-production, organising more regular sessions, and establishing clearer communication channels. CONCLUSIONS Peer researchers' reflections highlight positive impacts of engaging in co-production, both for research projects (including AoW) and for peer researchers' personal and professional development. That said, continued efforts are needed in AoW to meet young people's needs and interests, maintain trusting relationships, and foster sustained growth of co-production efforts within and beyond the AoW project. Evaluation of AoW co-production, along with wider partnership building are key to these efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ryan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - Hannah Nutting
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Chloe Parekh
- AllStar, Park View Court, St Pauls Road, Shipley, BD18 3DS, UK
| | - Suzie Crookes
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | | | - Kenzie Caines
- AllStar, Park View Court, St Pauls Road, Shipley, BD18 3DS, UK
| | - Phoebe Dear
- AllStar, Park View Court, St Pauls Road, Shipley, BD18 3DS, UK
| | - Abel John
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Muhammed Adnan Rehman
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Dawn Davidson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Usayd Abid
- Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, New Mill, Victoria Road, Saltaire, Bradford, BD18 3LD, UK
| | - Lewis Davidson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katy A Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liabo K, Asare L, Ruthen P, Burton J, Staunton P, Day J. Emotion in public involvement: A conceptual review. Health Expect 2024; 27:e14020. [PMID: 38504467 PMCID: PMC10951420 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiential knowledge can aid in designing research by highlighting what an idea looks like from a patient and carer perspective. Experiential knowledge can be emotional, and this can create challenges at formal research meetings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to consider the role of emotions in public involvement. METHODS This is a conceptual review informed by relevant literature and reflection within the author team. A structured Scopus search was conducted in November 2021 and December 2022, identifying 18 articles that presented findings from patient and public involvement (PPI) research related to 'emotion'. We complemented the search with theory-generating articles related to the role of emotion and emotional labour in human life. FINDINGS Study findings from the structured search were tabulated to identify recurring themes; these were as follows: emotional connections to the research topic can cause stressful as well as cathartic experiences of PPI, 'emotional work' is part of PPI when people are contributing with their experiential knowledge and the emotional aspect of 'lived experience' needs to be recognised in how PPI is planned and facilitated. These points were considered in relation to theoretical works and experiences within the author team. DISCUSSION 'Emotion work' is often required of public collaborators when they contribute to research. They are asked to contribute to research alongside researchers, with knowledge that often contains emotions or feelings. This can be both upsetting and cathartic, and the environment of the research study can make the experience worse or better. CONCLUSIONS The emotional component of experiential knowledge can be challenging to those invited to share this knowledge. It is imperative that researchers, research institutions and health and care professionals adjust research meeting spaces to show an awareness of the emotional labour that is involved in PPI. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This review was initiated after a meeting between carers and family members of residents in care homes and researchers. The review is co-written by a group of three researchers and three carers and family members. Regular online meetings were held during the draft stages to incorporate people's views and ideas. Data extracted from the review were presented to the group of public collaborators in a variety of formats (e.g., posters, slideshows, text and verbally) to facilitate shared sense-making and synthesis of the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Liabo
- Department of Community and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Lauren Asare
- Department of Community and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Philip Ruthen
- Exeter Lived Experience Group (LEG), Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Julia Burton
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula Public Engagement Group (PenPEG)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Pamela Staunton
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula Public Engagement Group (PenPEG)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Joanne Day
- Department of Community and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dews SA, Daley R, Bansal A, Preston J, Bohm N. The power of language: how to bridge the gap between healthcare research and patients - a scoping review. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:279-291. [PMID: 38131338 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2295984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The value of patient involvement to the design, conduct, and outcomes of healthcare research is increasingly being recognized. Patient involvement also provides greater patient accessibility and contribution to research. However, the use of inaccessible and technical language when communicating with patients is a barrier to effective patient involvement. METHODS We analyzed peer-reviewed and gray literature on how language is used in communication between healthcare researchers and patients. We used this analysis to generate a set of recommendations for healthcare researchers about using more inclusive and accessible language when involving patients in research. This scoping review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. RESULTS Four major themes about the use of language were developed from the literature analysis and were used to develop the set of recommendations. These recommendations include guidance on using standardized terminology and plain language when involving patients in healthcare research. They also discuss the implementation of co-development practices, patient support initiatives, and researcher training, as well as ways to improve emotional awareness and the need for greater equality, diversity, and inclusion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The use of inclusive, empathetic, and clear language can encourage patients to be involved in research and, once they are involved, make them feel like equal, empowered, and valued partners. Working toward developing processes and guidelines for the use of language that enables an equal partnership between researchers and patients is critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Daley
- The Positivitree Charity, Wallasey, UK
- Parent and Carers Research Forum, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Liverpool, UK
| | - Akhil Bansal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Stanford Existential Risk Initiative, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Preston
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Alder Hey Clinical Research Facility, Liverpool, UK
| | - Natalie Bohm
- Pfizer Ltd, Tadworth, UK
- Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Knowles S, Morley K, Foster R, Middleton A, Pinar S, Rose F, Williams E, Hendon J, Churchill R. Collaborative evaluation of a pilot involvement opportunity: Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Voice of Experience College. Health Expect 2023; 26:2428-2440. [PMID: 37583285 PMCID: PMC10632641 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involving consumers in systematic reviews can make them more valuable and help achieve goals around transparency. Systematic reviews are technically complex and training can be needed to enable consumers to engage with them fully. The Cochrane Common Mental Disorders group sought to engage people with lived experience of mental health problems in the Voice of Experience College, three workshops introducing them to systematic review methods and to opportunities to contribute as Cochrane consumers. We aimed to collectively evaluate the College from the perspective of both facilitators and consumers, to critically reflect on the experience, and to identify how the College could be sustained and spread to other review groups. METHODS This study was a longitudinal qualitative and collaborative evaluation, structured around normalisation process theory. Both facilitators and consumers were involved in not only providing their perspectives but also reflecting on these together to identify key learning points. RESULTS The workshops were positively evaluated as being engaging and supportive, largely due to the relational skills of the facilitators, and their willingness to engage in joint or two-way learning. The College suffered from a lack of clarity over the role of consumers after the College itself, with a need for greater communication to check assumptions and clarify expectations. This was not achieved due to pandemic disruptions, which nevertheless demonstrated that resources for involvement were not prioritised as core business during this period. CONCLUSIONS Soft skills around communication and support are crucial to effective consumer engagement. Sustaining involvement requires sustained communication and opportunities to reflect together on opportunities and challenges. This requires committed resources to ensure involvement activity is prioritised. This is critical as negative experiences later in the involvement journey can undermine originally positive experiences if contributors are unclear as to what their involvement can lead to. Open discussions about this are necessary to avoid conflicting assumptions. The spread of the approach to other review groups could be achieved by flexibly adapting to group-specific resources and settings, but maintaining a core focus on collaborative relationships as the key mechanism of engagement. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Public contributors were collaborators throughout the evaluation process and have co-authored the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Knowles
- Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Karen Morley
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Rob Foster
- Voice of Experience College, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Amy Middleton
- Voice of Experience College, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Semra Pinar
- Voice of Experience College, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Fiona Rose
- Voice of Experience College, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Emma Williams
- Voice of Experience College, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Jessica Hendon
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Rachel Churchill
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group, Centre for Reviews and DisseminationUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pickles A, Edwards D, Horvath L, Emsley R. Research Reviews: Advances in methods for evaluating child and adolescent mental health interventions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1765-1775. [PMID: 37793673 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND The evidence base for interventions for child mental health and neurodevelopment is weak and the current capacity for rigorous evaluation limited. We describe some of the challenges that make this field particularly difficult and expensive for evaluation studies. METHODS We describe and review the use of novel study designs and analysis methodology for their potential to improve this situation. RESULTS While several novel designs appeared ill-suited to our field, systematic review found others that offered potential but had yet to be widely adopted, some not at all. CONCLUSIONS While funding is inevitably a constraint, we argue that improvements in the evidence base of both current and new treatments will only be achieved by the adoption of a number of these new technologies and study designs, the consistent application of rigorous constructive but demanding standards, and the engagement of the public, patients, clinical and research services to build a design, recruitment, and analysis infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pickles
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle Edwards
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Levente Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Worboys HM, Broomfield J, Smith A, Stannard R, Tyrer F, Vounzoulaki E, Czyznikowska B, Grewal-Santini G, Greenwood J, Gray LJ. Incorporation of patient and public involvement in statistical methodology research: development of an animation. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:102. [PMID: 37941086 PMCID: PMC10631193 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) is important to all aspects of health research. However, there are few examples of successful PPIE in statistical methodology research. One of the reasons for this relates to challenges in the identification of individuals interested in statistical methodology research projects, and ambiguities over the importance of PPIE to these projects. METHODS This project was conducted between August 2022 and August 2023. The aim is to report the process of the development of an accessible animation to describe what statistical methodology is and the importance of PPIE in statistical methodology research projects. For this, we combined storyboarding and scriptwriting with feedback from PPIE members and researchers. RESULTS After three stages that incorporated feedback from the relevant stakeholders, we produced a final animation about PPIE in statistical methodology. The resulting animation used minimal text, simple animation techniques and was of short duration (< 3 min) to optimise the communication of the key messages clearly and effectively. CONCLUSIONS The resulting animation provides a starting point for members of the public to learn about PPIE in statistical methodology research and for methodologists who wish to conduct PPIE. We recommend further work to explore ways in which members of the public can be more meaningfully involved in methodology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Worboys
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Jonathan Broomfield
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aiden Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachael Stannard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Freya Tyrer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Elpida Vounzoulaki
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Justin Greenwood
- Public Contributor, PPI-SMART (Public and Patient Involvement in Statistical Methods and Research Techniques), University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura J Gray
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Green HR, Dawson A, Elfeky A, Pickles D, Treweek S, Gillies K. Exploring the perspectives of selectors and collecters of trial outcome data: an international qualitative study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:229. [PMID: 37821867 PMCID: PMC10568821 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selecting and collecting data to support appropriate primary and secondary outcomes is a critical step in designing trials that can change clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to investigate who contributes to the process of selecting and collecting trial outcomes, and how these people are involved. This work serves two main purposes: (1) it provides the trials community with evidence to demonstrate how outcomes are currently selected and collected, and (2) it allows people involved in trial design and conduct to pick apart these processes to consider how efficiencies and improvements can be made. METHODS One-with-one semi-structured interviews, supported by a topic guide to ensure coverage of key content. The Framework approach was used for thematic analysis of data, and themes were linked through constant comparison of data both within and across participant groups. Interviews took place between July 2020 and January 2021. Participants were twenty-nine international trialists from various contributor groups, working primarily on designing and/or delivering phase III pragmatic effectiveness trials. Their experience spanned various funders, trial settings, clinical specialties, intervention types, and participant populations. RESULTS We identified three descriptive themes encompassing the process of primary and secondary outcome selection, collection, and the publication of outcome data. Within these themes, participants raised issues around the following: 1) Outcome selection: clarity of the research question; confidence in selecting trial outcomes and how confidence decreases with increased experience; interplay between different interested parties; how patients and the public are involved in outcome selection; perceived impact of poor outcome selection including poor recruitment and/or retention; and use of core outcome sets. 2) Outcome collection: disconnect between decisions made by outcome selectors and the practical work done by outcome collectors; potential impact of outcome measures on trial participants; potential impact on trial staff workload; and use of routinely collected data. 3) Publication of outcome data: difficulties in finding time to write and revise manuscripts for publication due to time and funding constraints. Participants overwhelmingly focused on the process of outcome selection, a topic they talked about unprompted. When prompted, participants do discuss outcome collection, but poor communication between selectors and collectors at the trial design stage means that outcome selection is rarely linked with the data collection workload it generates. DISCUSSION People involved in the design and conduct of trials fail to connect decisions around outcome selection with data collection workload. Publication of outcome data and effective dissemination of trial results are hindered due to the project-based culture of some academic clinical trial research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R Green
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- COUCH Health, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Adel Elfeky
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK
| | - David Pickles
- Rheumatology department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Shaun Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katie Gillies
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sheikhan NY, Kuluski K, McKee S, Hiebert M, Hawke LD. Exploring the impact of engagement in mental health and substance use research: A scoping review and thematic analysis. Health Expect 2023; 26:1806-1819. [PMID: 37282732 PMCID: PMC10485342 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence demonstrating the impact of engaging people with lived experience (PWLE) in health research. However, it remains unclear what evidence is available regarding the impact of engagement specific to mental health and substance use research. METHODS A scoping review of three databases and thematic analysis were conducted. Sixty-one articles that described the impact of engagement in mental health and substance use research on either individual experiences or the research process were included. RESULTS Key topics include (a) the impact of engagement on individual experiences; (b) the impact of engagement on the research process; and (c) facilitators and barriers to impactful engagement. Studies largely focused on the perceived positive impact of engagement on PWLE (e.g., personal and professional growth, empowering and rewarding experience, feeling heard and valued), researchers (e.g., rewarding experience, deeper understanding of research topic, changes to practice), and study participants (e.g., added value, fostered a safe space). Engagement activities were perceived to improve facets of the research process, such as improvements to research quality (e.g., rigour, trustworthiness, relevance to the community), research components (e.g., recruitment), and the research environment (e.g., shifted power dynamics). Facilitators and barriers were mapped onto the lived experience, researcher, team, and institutional levels. Commonly used terminologies for engagement and PWLE were discussed. CONCLUSION Engaging PWLE-from consultation to co-creation throughout the research cycle-is perceived as having a positive impact on both the research process and individual experiences. Future research is needed to bring consistency to engagement, leverage the facilitators to engagement, and address the barriers, and in turn generate research findings that have value not only to the scientific community, but also to the people impacted by the science. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION PWLE were engaged throughout the scoping review process, including the screening phase, analysis phase, and write-up phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Y. Sheikhan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kerry Kuluski
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners
| | - Shelby McKee
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Lisa D. Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harvey C, Zirnsak TM, Brasier C, Ennals P, Fletcher J, Hamilton B, Killaspy H, McKenzie P, Kennedy H, Brophy L. Community-based models of care facilitating the recovery of people living with persistent and complex mental health needs: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259944. [PMID: 37779607 PMCID: PMC10539575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness of community-based models of care (MoCs) supporting the recovery of individuals who experience persistent and complex mental health needs. Method We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis of MoC studies reporting clinical, functional, or personal recovery from October 2016 to October 2021. Sources were Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. Studies were grouped according to MoC features. The narrative synthesis was led by our researchers with lived experience. Results Beneficial MoCs ranged from well-established to novel and updated models and those explicitly addressing recovery goals and incorporating peer support: goal-focused; integrated community treatment; intensive case management; partners in recovery care coordination; rehabilitation and recovery-focused; social and community connection-focused; supported accommodation; and vocational support. None of our diverse group of MoCs supporting recovery warranted a rating of best practice. Established MoCs, such as intensive case management, are promising practices regarding clinical and functional recovery, with potential for enhancements to support personal recovery. Emerging practice models that support personal and functional recovery are those where consumer goals and priorities are central. Conclusion Evidence for established models of care shows that there is a need for inevitable evolution and adaptation. Considering the high importance of effective MoCs for people experiencing persistent and complex mental health needs, further attention to service innovation and research is required. Greater emphasis on the inclusion of lived and living experience in the design, delivery, implementation, and research of MoCs is needed, to enhance MOCs' relevance for achieving individual consumer recovery outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- North West Area Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Northern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tessa-May Zirnsak
- Social Work and Social Policy, Department of Community and Clinical Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Brasier
- Social Work and Social Policy, Department of Community and Clinical Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Justine Fletcher
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridget Hamilton
- Centre for Mental Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Killaspy
- Department of Epidemiology and Applied Clinical Research, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter McKenzie
- The Bouverie Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamilton Kennedy
- Centre for Mental Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Brophy
- Social Work and Social Policy, Department of Community and Clinical Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hawke LD, Sheikhan NY, Roberts S, McKee S. Research evidence and implementation gaps in the engagement of people with lived experience in mental health and substance use research: a scoping review. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 37170357 PMCID: PMC10176886 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition that engaging people with lived experience (PWLE) in mental health and substance use research improves the quality of the research in terms of relevance to the population and the feasibility of the work. Engagement also provides positive opportunities for research teams and the PWLE engaged. However, there are many gaps in the research on PWLE engagement. This scoping review synthesizes the gaps in the implementation of PWLE engagement and in the research on engagement as presented by research teams engaging PWLE in their work. METHOD A systematic electronic database search was conducted in 2022 for published articles on PWLE engagement in mental health and substance use research. Potential articles were screened for relevance. The search led to 49 final articles included in the review. The 49 articles were then coded using codebook thematic analysis to answer two research questions: (1) What are the research evidence gaps regarding the engagement of PWLE in mental health and substance use research?; and (2) What are the gaps in implementing PWLE engagement in mental health and substance use research? PWLE were engaged in the conduct of this review. RESULTS Results showed that research evidence gaps include further work on conceptualizing engagement; developing resources, tools, and practice recommendations to support research teams; increasing diversity in evaluations of engagement; and evaluating engagement, including its impact on the research, on PWLE, and on researchers. Implementation gaps included several broader institutional gaps and gaps in the day-to-day practice of engagement. CONCLUSIONS Despite progress in PWLE engagement in mental health and substance use research in recent years, research evidence and implementation gaps remain. Research teams are encouraged to consider these gaps and conduct research and implementation activities to address them in a rigorous manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Hawke
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Natasha Y Sheikhan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Roberts
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shelby McKee
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Capobianco L, Faija C, Cooper B, Brown L, McPhillips R, Shields G, Wells A. A framework for implementing Patient and Public Involvement in mental health research: The PATHWAY research programme benchmarked against NIHR standards. Health Expect 2023; 26:640-650. [PMID: 36625226 PMCID: PMC10010097 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research has become a key component recommended by research commissioners, grant award bodies and specified in government policies. Despite the increased call for PPI, few studies have demonstrated how to implement PPI within large-scale research studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to provide a case example of the implementation of a patient advisory group in a large-scale mental health research programme (PATHWAY) and to benchmark this against UK standards. METHOD A PPI group was incorporated throughout the PATHWAY research programme, from grant development to dissemination. The group attended regular meetings and supported participant recruitment, evaluated patient-facing documents, supported the piloting of the research intervention and co-developed the dissemination and impact strategy. The implementation of PPI throughout the project was benchmarked against the UK standards for PPI. RESULTS The inclusion of PPI in the PATHWAY project provided tangible changes to the research project (i.e., improving study documents, co-developing dissemination materials) but also proved to be a beneficial experience to PPI members through the development of new skills and the opportunity to provide a patient voice in research. We show how PPI was involved across seven study phases and provide examples of implementation of the six UK standards. The study did not include PPI in data analysis but met all the UK standards for PPI. Challenges regarding practical components (i.e., meeting frequency, language use), increasing diversity and PPI members' knowledge of research were highlighted as areas for further improvement. CONCLUSIONS We provide a case example of how PPI can be implemented throughout a research lifecycle and we note the barriers faced and make suggestions for PPI in future implementation and research. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION PPI members were involved throughout the lifecycle of the research programme. The PPI lead was a co-author on the manuscript and contributed to report writing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lora Capobianco
- Research & Innovation, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cintia Faija
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bethany Cooper
- Research & Innovation, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Rebecca McPhillips
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gemma Shields
- School of Health Sciences, Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian Wells
- Research & Innovation, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,School of Health Sciences, Center for New treatment and Understanding in Mental Health (CeNTrUM), Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McVey L, Frost T, Issa B, Davison E, Abdulkader J, Randell R, Alvarado N, Zaman H, Hardiker N, Cheong VL, Woodcock D. Working together: reflections on how to make public involvement in research work. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 36966339 PMCID: PMC10039333 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of involving members of the public in the development, implementation and dissemination of research is increasingly recognised. There have been calls to share examples of how this can be done, and this paper responds by reporting how professional and lay researchers collaborated on a research study about falls prevention among older patients in English acute hospitals. It focuses on how they worked together in ways that valued all contributions, as envisaged in the UK standards for public involvement for better health and social care research. METHODS The paper is itself an example of working together, having been written by a team of lay and professional researchers. It draws on empirical evidence from evaluations they carried out about the extent to which the study took patient and public perspectives into account, as well as reflective statements they produced as co-authors, which, in turn, contributed to the end-of-project evaluation. RESULTS Lay contributors' deep involvement in the research had a positive effect on the project and the individuals involved, but there were also difficulties. Positive impacts included lay contributors focusing the project on areas that matter most to patients and their families, improving the quality and relevance of outcomes by contributing to data analysis, and feeling they were 'honouring' their personal experience of the subject of study. Negative impacts included the potential for lay people to feel overwhelmed by the challenges involved in achieving the societal or organisational changes necessary to address research issues, which can cause them to question their rationale for public involvement. CONCLUSIONS The paper concludes with practical recommendations for working together effectively in research. These cover the need to discuss the potential emotional impacts of such work with lay candidates during recruitment and induction and to support lay people with these impacts throughout projects; finding ways to address power imbalances and practical challenges; and tips on facilitating processes within lay groups, especially relational processes like the development of mutual trust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn McVey
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Tina Frost
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Basma Issa
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Eva Davison
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Jamil Abdulkader
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Rebecca Randell
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Natasha Alvarado
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Hadar Zaman
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - V.-Lin Cheong
- Pharmacist Elderly and Interfaces of Care, Medicines Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Woodcock
- Pharmacist Elderly and Interfaces of Care, Medicines Management and Pharmacy Services, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thomson A, Peasgood E, Robertson S. The Youth Patient and Public Involvement Café-A youth-led model for meaningful involvement with children and young people. Health Expect 2022; 25:2893-2901. [PMID: 36065124 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few meaningful frameworks or toolkits that exist for involvement with young people. Coproduction is a more recent patient and public involvement (PPI) approach that emphasizes the importance of power-sharing, to set young people as equal partners in the research process. This paper explores the successes and challenges encountered by one coproduced PPI space for young people. METHODS This paper is written by a team of young people who developed and worked on the Youth PPI Café over a period of 18 months. It explores how we developed a youth-led space for involvement in research. The authors have reflected on their experiences, providing examples of how youth PPI and coproduction were delivered in the NHS, in practice. RESULTS By working 'with' young people, rather than 'for' them, we offer insights into the successes and challenges of an entirely youth-led involvement space. Despite being effective in shaping mental health research for children and young people, we faced challenges with tokenism, resourcing and diversity and inclusion. CONCLUSIONS Involving youth meaningfully in research has the potential to inform studies at a macro- and microlevel, enabling positive change within research and within the systems that support young people. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Young people aged 16-24 years with lived experience were included at every stage of this project, from formulation to the delivery and development of the group, to the preparation of this manuscript and its dissemination. Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust's charity 'Heads On' provided funding for this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Thomson
- Research and Development Department, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Peasgood
- Research and Development Department, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK.,East Sussex Community Voice CIC, Eastbourne, UK.,East Sussex County Council (Children's Services), Eastbourne, UK
| | - Sam Robertson
- Research and Development Department, Sussex Education Centre, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nakazawa T, Ichihashi K, Miura K, Inada K, Mitoma R, Yasui-Furukori N, Hashimoto R. Toward recovery in schizophrenia: Current concepts, findings, and future research directions. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:282-291. [PMID: 35235256 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia was initially defined as "dementia praecox" by E. Kraepelin, which implies progressive deterioration. However, recent studies have revealed that early effective intervention may lead to social and functional recovery in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an overview of current concepts in schizophrenia and pathophysiological hypotheses. In addition, we present recent findings from clinical and basic research on schizophrenia. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have consistently revealed specific biological differences in the structure and function of the brain in those with schizophrenia. From a basic research perspective, to determine the essential pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia, it is crucial that findings from all lines of inquiry-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural cells from patients, murine models expressing genetic mutations identified in patients, and patient clinical data-be integrated to contextualize the analysis results. However, the findings remain insufficient to serve as a diagnostic tool or a biomarker for predicting schizophrenia-related outcomes. Collaborations to conduct clinical research based on the patients' and their families' values are just beginning, and further development is expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ichihashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Mitoma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Taylor A, McMellon C, French T, MacLachlan A, Evans R, Lewis R, McCann M, Moore L, Murphy S, Simpson S, Inchley J. Defining research priorities for youth public mental health: reflections on a coproduction approach to transdisciplinary working. Health Res Policy Syst 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35725482 PMCID: PMC9207849 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-022-00871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With most mental health problems established during childhood/adolescence, young people must be a key focus of public mental health approaches. Despite the range of factors known to influence mental health, evidence for effective interventions is lacking for this age group. This study aimed to define priorities for future public health intervention-focused research to support youth mental health by engaging with transdisciplinary stakeholder groups. METHODS Our coproduction approach involved priority-setting workshops with young people, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers. Each workshop focused on three thematic areas: social connections and relationships; schools and other education settings; and key groups at greater risk of mental ill-health, specifically LGBTQ+ and care-experienced young people. Workshop outputs were synthesized to define research priorities. RESULTS This paper presents the research priorities that were defined through the priority-setting workshops, and our reflections on the coproduction approach to guide future similar activities undertaken by others. Ten priorities for youth public mental health research were defined, covering the following areas: building supportive relationships; whole system approaches; social media; support at times of transition; improving links between different services; development and training for those who support young people; staff mental health; engaging with families; awareness of and access to services; and out-of-school and community settings. CONCLUSIONS These research priorities can inform future intervention development to support youth public mental health. Our transdisciplinary approach means the identified research priorities are likely to be relevant to young people's experiences and needs, and to fit with the needs of those working in practice and policy to support young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Taylor
- School of Design, Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Christina McMellon
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tara French
- Innovation School, Glasgow School of Art, Forres, UK
| | - Alice MacLachlan
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhiannon Evans
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McCann
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laurence Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sharon Simpson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamaguchi S, Abe M, Kawaguchi T, Igarashi M, Shiozawa T, Ogawa M, Yasuma N, Sato S, Miyamoto Y, Fujii C. Multiple stakeholders' perspectives on patient and public involvement in community mental health services research: A qualitative analysis. Health Expect 2022; 25:1844-1860. [PMID: 35657162 PMCID: PMC9327805 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient and public involvement (PPI) has become essential in health research. However, little is known about multiple stakeholders' perspectives on the implementation of PPI in community mental health research settings. The present study aimed to qualitatively analyse multiple stakeholders' views on PPI, including potential concerns, barriers and approaches. Methods This study involved conducting focus group interviews and collecting qualitative data from 37 participants in multiple stakeholder groups (patients = 6, caregivers = 5, service providers = 7, government staff = 5 and researchers = 14) in the community mental health field. The data were qualitatively analysed using a data‐driven approach that derived domains, themes and subthemes related to perspectives on PPI and to specific challenges and approaches for implementing PPI. Results The qualitative analysis identified four domains. The ‘Positive views and expectations regarding PPI’ domain consisted of themes related to supportive views of PPI in a mental health service research setting and improvements in the quality of research and service. The ‘General concerns about PPI’ domain included themes concerning the need for non‐PPI research and tokenism, excessive expectations concerning social changes and use of evidence from PPI research, and heavy burdens resulting from PPI. The ‘Specific issues regarding the implementation of PPI’ domain consisted of four themes, including academic systems, selection methods (e.g., representativeness and conflict of interest issues), relationship building, and ambiguous PPI criteria. In particular, all stakeholder groups expressed concerns about relational equality during PPI implementation in Japan. The ‘Approaches to PPI implementation’ domain included themes such as facilitating mutual understanding, creating a tolerant atmosphere, establishing PPI support systems (e.g., training, ethics and human resource matching) and empowering patient organizations. Conclusion The study replicated most of the barriers and approaches to PPI reported by qualitative research in Western counties. However, utilization of evidence produced by PPI research and partnership in the PPI process may be particularly serious issues in Japan. Future PPI studies should carefully address solutions that fit each culture. Patient or Public Contribution A patient‐researcher was involved in all stages of this project, from development of the research topic and the protocol to manuscript preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sosei Yamaguchi
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Abe
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoka Igarashi
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Shiozawa
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogawa
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naonori Yasuma
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sato
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyo Fujii
- Department of Community Mental Health and Law, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Desborough J, Parkinson A, Lewis F, Ebbeck H, Banfield M, Phillips C. A framework for involving coproduction partners in research about young people with type 1 diabetes. Health Expect 2021; 25:430-442. [PMID: 34890473 PMCID: PMC8849360 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Involvement of end‐users in research can enhance its quality, relevance, credibility and legitimacy; however, the processes through which these changes occur are unclear. Our aim was to explore a coproduction research team's experiences of their involvement in research about young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods Semi‐structured interviews conducted with two young people with T1DM, two parents, one diabetes educator, one endocrinologist‐scientist and one research‐engineer explored experiences of coproduction research and its impact on both the research and the participants. Drawing on grounded theory, we undertook inductive analysis and storyline mapping to develop a theorized framework of mechanisms supporting the process of coproduction in T1DM research with young people. Findings The framework involving coproduction partners in research about young people with type 1 diabetes centres on the unique expertize that different team members bring to the research and describes conditions that enable expert contributions through the enactment of a variety of expert roles. The framework also describes outcomes—the impact of the expert contributions on both the research and the team members involved. Conclusion The findings of this small exploratory study provide a sound foundation to develop further understanding about structures and processes that are integral for the success of coproduction research teams. The framework may provide a guide for researchers planning to incorporate coproduction, on elements that are important for this model of research to succeed. It may also inform coproduction impact assessment research and be used for hypothesis testing and expansion in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Desborough
- Department of Health Services, Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anne Parkinson
- Department of Health Services, Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Fiona Lewis
- Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Harry Ebbeck
- Department of Health Services, Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Christine Phillips
- Australian National University Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Small N, Ong BN, Lewis A, Allen D, Bagshaw N, Nahar P, Sanders C. Co-designing new tools for collecting, analysing and presenting patient experience data in NHS services: working in partnership with patients and carers. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34838128 PMCID: PMC8626979 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-021-00329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The way we collect and use patient experience data is vital to optimise the quality and safety of health services. Yet, some patients and carers do not give feedback because of the limited ways data is collected, analysed and presented. In this study, we worked together with researchers, staff, patient and carer participants, and patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) contributors, to co-design new tools for the collection and use of patient experience data in multiple health settings. This paper outlines how the range of PPIE and research activities enabled the co-design of new tools to collect patient experience data. METHODS Eight public contributors represented a range of relevant patient and carer experiences in specialist services with varied levels of PPIE experience, and eleven members of Patient and Participation Groups (PPGs) from two general practices formed our PPIE group at the start of the study. Slide sets were used to trigger co-design discussions with staff, patient and carer research participants, and PPIE contributors. Feedback from PPIE contributors alongside verbatim quotes from staff, patient and carer research participants is presented in relation to the themes from the research data. RESULTS PPIE insights from four themes: capturing experience data; adopting digital or non-digital tools; ensuring privacy and confidentiality; and co-design of a suite of new tools with guidance, informed joint decisions on the shaping of the tools and how these were implemented. Our PPIE contributors took different roles during co-design and testing of the new tools, which supported co-production of the study. CONCLUSIONS Our experiences of developing multiple components of PPIE work for this complex study demonstrates the importance of tailoring PPIE to suit different settings, and to maximise individual strengths and capacity. Our study shows the value of bringing diverse experiences together, putting patients and carers at the heart of improving NHS services, and a shared approach to managing involvement in co-design, with the effects shown through the research process, outcomes and the partnership. We reflect on how we worked together to create a supportive environment when unforeseen challenges emerged (such as, sudden bereavement).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Small
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Bie Nio Ong
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Annmarie Lewis
- Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Contributor, Manchester, UK
| | - Dawn Allen
- Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Contributor, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel Bagshaw
- Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Contributor, Manchester, UK
| | - Papreen Nahar
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Caroline Sanders
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Evaluation of a primary care-based collaborative care model (PARTNERS2) for people with diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar, or other psychoses: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BJGP Open 2021; 5:BJGPO.2021.0033. [PMID: 33785568 PMCID: PMC8278501 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current NHS policy encourages an integrated approach to provision of mental and physical care for individuals with long term mental health problems. The ‘PARTNERS2’ complex intervention is designed to support individuals with psychosis in a primary care setting. Aim The trial will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the PARTNERS2 intervention. Design & setting This is a cluster randomised controlled superiority trial comparing collaborative care (PARTNERS2) with usual care, with an internal pilot to assess feasibility. The setting will be primary care within four trial recruitment areas: Birmingham & Solihull, Cornwall, Plymouth, and Somerset. GP practices are randomised 1:1 to either (a) the PARTNERS2 intervention plus modified standard care (‘intervention’); or (b) standard care only (‘control’). Method PARTNERS2 is a flexible, general practice-based, person-centred, coaching-based intervention aimed at addressing mental health, physical health, and social care needs. Two hundred eligible individuals from 39 GP practices are taking part. They were recruited through identification from secondary and primary care databases. The primary hypothesis is quality of life (QOL). Secondary outcomes include: mental wellbeing, time use, recovery, and process of physical care. A process evaluation will assess fidelity of intervention delivery, test hypothesised mechanisms of action, and look for unintended consequences. An economic evaluation will estimate its cost-effectiveness. Intervention delivery and follow-up have been modified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion The overarching aim is to establish the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the model for adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar, or other types of psychoses.
Collapse
|
24
|
Visser R, Barber AE, X A, Wheatcroft S, Mullen P, Armes J. Collaboration with people with lived experience of prison: reflections on researching cancer care in custodial settings. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2021; 7:48. [PMID: 34183075 PMCID: PMC8238630 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-021-00284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient and public involvement is increasingly considered important in health research. This paper reflects, from both academic and lived experience perspectives, on involving people with lived experience in a study exploring cancer care in prison and how by doing this it enriched the research process. METHODS This paper is based on written and verbal reflections of the lived experience researchers and academic researchers involved in a study exploring the diagnosis and treatment of people with cancer in prison. The study comprised interviews with people with cancer in prison, prison healthcare staff, oncology specialists and custodial staff. Lived experience researchers were involved throughout the research process, including co-conducting interviews with patients and analysing interviews. RESULTS This paper highlights the importance and value of including lived experience researchers across the research process. We reflect on how lived experience of prison shapes the experience of conducting interviews and analysing data gathered in prison. We reflect on the working relationships between academic and lived experience researchers. We demonstrate how prison research is challenging, but collaboration between lived experience and academic researchers can help to better prepare for the field, to ask more meaningful questions and to create rapport with participants. These types of collaborations can be powerful avenues for skill development for both academic and lived experience researchers, but they require an investment of time and a willingness for shared learning. CONCLUSIONS For academics and lived experience researchers to collaborate successfully and meaningfully care needs to be taken to develop open, honest and equal working relationships. Skills development for academic and lived experience researchers is important. A commitment to building and maintaining relationships is crucial. Having a third party as a mediator can facilitate and foster these relationships. Particularly with people with lived experience of prison it is essential to put the 'do no harm' principle into practice and to have support in place to minimise this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renske Visser
- University of Surrey, School of Health Sciences, Guildford, UK
| | - Alyce-Ellen Barber
- University of Surrey, School of Health Sciences, Guildford, UK
- Revolving Doors Agency, 90 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LN UK
| | - Anthony X
- Revolving Doors Agency, 90 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LN UK
| | - Sue Wheatcroft
- Revolving Doors Agency, 90 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LN UK
| | - Philip Mullen
- Revolving Doors Agency, 90 London Rd, Elephant and Castle, London, SE1 6LN UK
| | - Jo Armes
- University of Surrey, School of Health Sciences, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gheduzzi E, Masella C, Morelli N, Graffigna G. How to prevent and avoid barriers in co-production with family carers living in rural and remote area: an Italian case study. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2021; 7:16. [PMID: 33731217 PMCID: PMC7968224 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-021-00259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-production has been widely recognised as a potential means to reduce the dissatisfaction of citizens, the inefficacy of service providers, and conflicts in relations between the former and the latter. However, the benefits of co-production has begun to be questioned: co-production has often been taken for granted, and its effects may not be effective. To understand and prevent unsuccessful citizen and provider collaboration, the recent literature has begun to focus on the causes of co-destruction. This paper investigates how the barriers that may arise during the co-production of a new social service with family carers can be identified and interpreted. METHODS To investigate this topic, we undertook a single case study - a longitudinal project (Place4Carers (Graffigna et al., BMJ Open 10:e037570, 2020)) intended to co-produce a new social care service with and for the family carers of elderly patients living in rural and remote areas. We organised collaborative co-assessment workshops and semi-structured interviews to collect the views of family carers and service providers on the co-production process. A reflexive approach was used in the analysis for collecting the opinions of the research team that participated in the co-production process. RESULTS The analysis revealed four main co-production barriers: lack of trust, lack of effectiveness of engagement, participants' inability (or impossibility) to change and the lack of a cohesive partnership among partners. Despite these findings, the project increases carers' satisfaction, competence and trust in service providers by demonstrating the positive effects of co-production. CONCLUSIONS Our article confirms that co-creation and co-destruction processes may coexist. The role of researchers and service providers is to prevent or remedy co-destruction effects. To this end, we suggest that in co-production projects, more time should be spent co-assessing the project before, during and after the co-production process. This approach would facilitate the adoption of adjustment actions such as creating mutual trust through conviviality among participants and fostering collaborative research between academia and organisations that are not used to working together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niccolò Morelli
- School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, EngageMinds Hub Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milano), Milan, Italy
| | - Guendalina Graffigna
- Department of Psychology, EngageMinds Hub Consumer, Food & Health Engagement Research Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Milano), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|