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Sastry RC, Perkins SW, Kalur A, Singh RP. Correlation of limited-early-response status with 12-month CST, BVA, and machine learning-quantified retinal fluid in diabetic macular oedema in routine clinical practice. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03172-4. [PMID: 38890549 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anti-VEGF treatment response in DMO has been measured by changes in the central subfield thickness (CST) and best visual acuity (BVA) outcomes at 3 months after initial treatment, termed early or limited early response (ER/LER). This study correlates LER with 12-month BVA, CST, and retinal fluid volumes quantified by a machine learning algorithm on optical coherence tomography (OCT). SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included treatment naïve DMO patients ≥ 18 years with OCT scans at baseline (M0), M3, M6, and M12. The 220 patients were categorized as limited early responders (LER) if they had ≤ 10% CST reduction and/or < 5 ETDRS letter gain at M3. BVA, CST, and subretinal (SRF), intraretinal (IRF), and total retinal (TRF) fluid volumes quantified by a machine learning algorithm were compared between groups and across time. RESULTS At M12, the anatomic LER (aLER), defined solely by CST, had significantly worse BVA and CST versus the anatomic ER (aER) group (p < 0.001). Retinal fluid M12 outcomes did not significantly vary between all LER and ER groups. No significant BVA, CST, TRF, and IRF variance across time for LER was found (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS BVA and CST M12 outcomes vary by aLER/aER status indicating that CST may be a strong predictor of treatment outcomes, while retinal fluid volumes were not predicted by LER status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resya C Sastry
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott W Perkins
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aneesha Kalur
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rishi P Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Le D, Son T, Lim JI, Yao X. QUANTITATIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY REVEALS ROD PHOTORECEPTOR DEGENERATION in EARLY DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. Retina 2022; 42:1442-1449. [PMID: 35316256 PMCID: PMC9329162 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study is to test the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) detection of photoreceptor abnormality and to verify that the photoreceptor abnormality is rod predominated in early diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS OCT images were acquired from normal eyes, diabetic eyes with no DR, and mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR). Quantitative features, including thickness measurements quantifying band distances and reflectance intensity features among the external limiting membrane, inner segment ellipsoid, interdigitation zone, and retinal pigment epithelium were determined. Comparative OCT analysis of central fovea, parafovea, and perifovea were implemented to verify that the photoreceptor abnormality is rod predominated in early DR. RESULTS Thickness abnormalities between the inner segment ellipsoid and interdigitation zone also showed a decreasing trend among cohorts. Reflectance abnormalities of the external limiting membrane, interdigitation zone, and inner segment ellipsoid were observed between healthy, no DR, and mild NPDR eyes. The normalized inner segment ellipsoid/retinal pigment epithelium intensity ratio revealed a significant decreasing trend in the perifovea, but no detectable difference in central fovea. CONCLUSION Quantitative OCT analysis consistently revealed outer retina, i.e., photoreceptor changes in diabetic patients with no DR and mild NPDR. Comparative analysis of central fovea, parafovea, and perifovea confirmed that the photoreceptor abnormality is rod-predominated in early DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Taeyoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jennifer I. Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Nadri G, Saxena S, Kaur A, Ahmad K, Garg P, Mahdi AA, Akduman L, Gazdikova K, Caprnda M, Vesely P, Kruzliak P, Krasnik V. Correlation between vitamin D serum levels and severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2021.1903170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Nadri
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Apjit Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kaleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragati Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Levent Akduman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, St Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Increased serum cortisol is associated with alterations in cross-sectional and topographic OCT parameters in diabetic retinopathy: a preliminary study. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3623-3630. [PMID: 34189705 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cortisol, a steroid hormone, plays an essential role in metabolic processes of diabetes mellitus. This study for the first time evaluated the association of serum cortisol with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based cross-sectional and topographic parameters with severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS A tertiary care center-based preliminary study was undertaken. Fourteen consecutive cases of DR and fifteen healthy controls were included. Cases were graded according to ETDRS classification: non-proliferative DR (NPDR, n = 8) and proliferative DR (PDR, n = 6). All study subjects underwent complete ophthalmological evaluation. Serum cortisol was analyzed using chemiluminescence microparticle assay method. Central subfield thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT), cube volume (CV), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, disorganization of inner retinal layers (DRIL), grade of retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption and grade of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations were evaluated using SD-OCT. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS Mean serum cortisol levels (µg/dL) were NPDR = 11.59 ± 0.42, PDR = 14.50 ± 0.26 and controls = 8.22 ± 0.77. With increasing severity of DR, mean CST, CAT, CV showed positive correlation, whereas mean RNFL thickness showed negative correlation with serum cortisol levels (p < 0.01). DRIL, EZ disruption and RPE alterations showed positive correlation with serum cortisol levels (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Serum cortisol levels are significantly associated with severity of DR and correlate positively with CST, CAT, CV, DRIL, EZ disruption and RPE alterations and negatively with RNFL thickness.
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Tsai MJ, Cheng CK. Patterns of ellipsoid zone change associated with visual outcome for diabetic macular oedema. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:48-54. [PMID: 33780648 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1896333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical relevance: Optical coherence tomography biomarkers are dynamic and possibly change over time. The dynamic biomarkers may better predict improvement of final vision than those at baseline for diabetic macular oedema after treatment.Background: To investigate predictors for ellipsoid zone (EZ) dynamics and the association with visual acuity after treatment for diabetic macular oedemaMethods: A total of 135 eyes from 135 patients with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular oedema were retrospectively enrolled in this study. EZ status was evaluated by optical coherence tomography at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. Macular perfusion status was analysed by fluorescein angiography. Duration of EZ disruption was quantified by giving scores from 0 to 5 based on the sum of visits with evidence of EZ disruption. Linear regression models were used to predict factors for scores of EZ disruption. Binary logistic regression was used to predict various EZ biomarkers for final visual acuity improvement.Results: Thirty of 87 eyes (34.4%) with intact EZ at baseline developed subsequent EZ disruption. For those with EZ disruption at baseline, 17 of 48 (35.4%) patients had restoration of disrupted EZ over time. Non-perfused macula was associated with both earlier development of EZ disruption and poor restoration (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Non-perfused macula, absence of epiretinal membrane, and EZ disruption at baseline predicted higher EZ scores (p < 0.001, p = 0.022 and p < 0.001, respectively). Higher EZ scores (p = 0.016), but not baseline EZ disruption (p = 0.56), were less likely to have improvement of final vision 5 letters or more.Conclusion: Macular perfusion status played an independent role in EZ dynamics. Duration of EZ disruption could be more predictive than baseline status for improvement of vision over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuo Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Lei J, Xu X, Chen L, Fan X, Abdelfattah NS. Dilated retinal large vessels and capillaries associated with diabetic macular edema and photoreceptor loss respectively. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:1831-1837. [PMID: 33417093 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-05039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we measured retinal large vessels and capillaries separately on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). In the present study, we aim to evaluate the role of these parameters in association to diabetic macular edema (DME) and ellipsoid zone disruption (EZD). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 54 eyes from 31 patients (10 females, 31 Asians) with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (25 eyes) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 29 eyes) were enrolled. All eyes underwent 3 × 3 mm OCTA scans centered on the fovea. Perfusion density (PD), vessel length density (VLD), and vessel diameter index (VDI) were calculated for retinal large vessels and superficial capillaries separately. Other OCTA findings included suspended scattering particles in motion (SSPiM), number of microaneurysms (MA) in all retinal layers, and the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of superficial capillary plexus. DME and EZD were evaluated on B-scans. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. RESULTS Of the 54 study eyes, 31 (57%) had DME and 21 (40%) had EZD. Multivariate regression model showed that PDR (β = 27.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7-282.8, p = 0.005), more MA (β = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.5, p = 0.003), and increased VDI of larger vessels (β = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.5, p = 0.047) were risk factors for DME. As for EZD, presence of SSPiM (β = 5.5, 95% CI: 1.2-26.1, p = 0.032) and increased VDI of capillaries (β = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.1-13.8, p = 0.034) were risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In eyes with diabetic retinopathy, dilation of retinal larger vessels was associated with macular edema, while dilation of retinal capillaries was associated with ellipsoid zone disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277# West Yan Ta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiayu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277# West Yan Ta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277# West Yan Ta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Saxena S, Caprnda M, Ruia S, Prasad S, Fedotova J, Kruzliak P, Krasnik V. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography based imaging biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy. Endocrine 2019; 66:509-516. [PMID: 31571130 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the role of central subfield thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT), and cube volume (CV) as imaging biomarkers for severity of diabetic retinopathy within the ETDRS-based grades of retinopathy using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This study aims to evaluate the role of macular CST, CAT, and CV on SD-OCT as imaging biomarkers for severity of DR. One hundred ninety-four consecutive cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided according to ETDRS classification: diabetes mellitus without retinopathy (No DR; n = 65), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR; n = 66), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR; n = 63). Sixty-three healthy controls were included. CST, CAT, and CV were analyzed using SD-OCT. Data were analyzed statistically. Analysis of variance revealed a significant increase in levels of CST, CAT, CV, and LogMAR visual acuity with the increase in severity of DR. Independent t-test revealed significant difference in CST, CAT, and CV between cases with DME and cases without DME. On multivariate linear regression analysis, increase in CST, CAT, and CV were found to indicate the increase in severity of DR. SD-OCT-based imaging biomarkers CST, CAT, and CV are effective tools for documenting the severity of diabetic retinopathy. These imaging biomarkers serve as significant indicators of severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Surabhi Ruia
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Senthamizh Prasad
- Department of Community Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St, Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, ITMO University, St, Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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