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Mehrhof F, Hohendanner F, Blanck O, Hindricks G, Zips D, Hausmann F. [Cardiac irradiation for improvement of left ventricular function]. Strahlenther Onkol 2024; 200:847-849. [PMID: 39017687 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mehrhof
- Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Felix Hohendanner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gliedkörperschaft der Freien Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Deutschland
- DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), Partnerstandort Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Oliver Blanck
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Daniel Zips
- Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Franziska Hausmann
- Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Deutschland
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Wang W, Jia W, Zhang C. The Role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP Axis in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13282. [PMID: 36362069 PMCID: PMC9655242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process in which parenchymal cells are necrotic and excess extracellular matrix (ECM) is accumulated due to dysregulation of tissue injury repair. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a 43 amino acid multifunctional polypeptide that is involved in wound healing. Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is the main enzyme that hydrolyzes Tβ4 to produce its derivative N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) which is found to play a role in the regulation of fibrosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP axis widely exists in various tissues and organs including the liver, kidney, heart, and lung, and participates in the process of fibrogenesis. Herein, we aim to elucidate the role of Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP axis in hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Based on this, we attempted to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the regulation of tissue damage repair and anti-fibrosis therapy. The Tβ4-POP-Ac-SDKP axis exerts protective effects against organ fibrosis. It is promising that appropriate dosing regimens that rely on this axis could serve as a new therapeutic strategy for alleviating organ fibrosis in the early and late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenning Jia
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Walls GM, O'Kane R, Ghita M, Kuburas R, McGarry CK, Cole AJ, Jain S, Butterworth KT. Murine models of radiation cardiotoxicity: A systematic review and recommendations for future studies. Radiother Oncol 2022; 173:19-31. [PMID: 35533784 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of radiation on the heart are dependent on dose, fractionation, overall treatment time, and pre-existing cardiovascular pathology. Murine models have played a central role in improving our understanding of the radiation response of the heart yet a wide range of exposure parameters have been used. We evaluated the study design of published murine cardiac irradiation experiments to assess gaps in the literature and to suggest guidance for the harmonisation of future study reporting. METHODS AND MATERIALS A systematic review of mouse/rat studies published 1981-2021 that examined the effect of radiation on the heart was performed. The protocol was published on PROSPERO (CRD42021238921) and the findings were reported in accordance with the PRISMA guidance. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE checklist. RESULTS 159 relevant full-text original articles were reviewed. The heart only was the target volume in 67% of the studies and simulation details were unavailable for 44% studies. Dosimetry methods were reported in 31% studies. The pulmonary effects of whole and partial heart irradiation were reported in 13% studies. Seventy-eight unique dose-fractionation schedules were evaluated. Large heterogeneity was observed in the endpoints measured, and the reporting standards were highly variable. CONCLUSIONS Current murine models of radiation cardiotoxicity cover a wide range of irradiation configurations and latency periods. There is a lack of evidence describing clinically relevant dose-fractionations, circulating biomarkers and radioprotectants. Recommendations for the consistent reporting of methods and results of in vivo cardiac irradiation studies are made to increase their suitability for informing the design of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Walls
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Reagan O'Kane
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Mihaela Ghita
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Refik Kuburas
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Aidan J Cole
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Suneil Jain
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Cancer Centre Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl T Butterworth
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Sonkawade SD, Pokharel S, Karthikeyan B, Kim M, Xu S, Kc K, Sexton S, Catalfamo K, Spernyak JA, Sharma UC. Small Endogeneous Peptide Mitigates Myocardial Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Cardioselective Galectin-3 Overexpression. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008510. [PMID: 34415177 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial Gal3 (galectin-3) expression is associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Increased Gal3 portends susceptibility to heart failure and death. There are no data reporting the causative role of Gal3 to mediate cardiac fibro-inflammatory response and heart failure. METHODS We developed a cardioselective Gal3 gain-of-function mouse (Gal3+/+) using α-myosin heavy chain promotor. We confirmed Gal3-transgene expression with real-time polymerase chain reaction and quantified cardiac/circulating Gal3 with Western blot and immunoassays. We used echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to measure cardiac volumes, function, and myocardial velocities. Ex vivo, we studied myocardial inflammation/fibrosis and downstream TGF (transforming growth factor) β1-mRNA expression. We examined the effects of acute myocardial ischemia in presence of excess Gal3 by inducing acute myocardial infarction in mice. Two subsets of mice including mice treated with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (a Gal3-inhibitor) and mice with genetic Gal3 loss-of-function (Gal3-/-) were studied for comparative analysis of Gal3 function. RESULTS Gal3+/+ mice had increased cardiac/circulating Gal3. Gal3+/+ mice showed excess pericardial fat pad, dilated ventricles and cardiac dysfunction, which was partly normalized by N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed reduced myocardial contractile velocities in Gal3+/+. The majority of Gal3+/+ mice did not survive acute myocardial infarction, and the survivors had profound cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial histology of Gal3+/+ mice showed macrophage/mast-cell infiltration, fibrosis and higher TGFβ1-mRNA expression, which were mitigated by both Gal3 gene deletion and N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline administration. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that cardioselective Gal3 overexpression leads to multiple cardiac phenotypic defects including ventricular dilation and cardiac dysfunction. Pharmacological Gal3 inhibition conferred protective effects with reduction of inflammation and fibrosis. Our study highlights the importance of translational studies to counteract Gal3 function and prevent cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati D Sonkawade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY (S.D.S., B.K., S.X., U.C.S.)
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Division of Thoracic Pathology and Oncology, Department of Pathology (S.P., S.X., K.K.C.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Badri Karthikeyan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY (S.D.S., B.K., S.X., U.C.S.)
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology (M.K.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Shirley Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY (S.D.S., B.K., S.X., U.C.S.).,Division of Thoracic Pathology and Oncology, Department of Pathology (S.P., S.X., K.K.C.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kristi Kc
- Division of Thoracic Pathology and Oncology, Department of Pathology (S.P., S.X., K.K.C.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Sandra Sexton
- Laboratory Animal Shared Resource (S.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kayla Catalfamo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (K.C.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Translational Imaging Shared Resources (J.A.S.), Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Umesh C Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY (S.D.S., B.K., S.X., U.C.S.)
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Mechanisms of radiation-induced endothelium damage: Emerging models and technologies. Radiother Oncol 2021; 158:21-32. [PMID: 33581220 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced endothelial/vascular injury is a major complicating factor in radiotherapy and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in nuclear or radiological catastrophes. Exposure of tissue to ionizing radiation (IR) leads to the release of oxygen radicals and proteases that result in loss of endothelial barrier function and leukocyte dysfunction leading to tissue injury and organ damage. Microvascular endothelial cells are particularly sensitive to IR and radiation-induced alterations in endothelial cell function are thought to be a critical factor in organ damage through endothelial cell activation, enhanced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, increased barrier permeability and initiation of apoptotic pathways. These radiation-induced inflammatory responses are important in early and late radiation pathologies in various organs. A better understanding of mechanisms of radiation-induced endothelium dysfunction is therefore vital, as radiobiological response of endothelium is of major importance for medical management and therapeutic development for radiation injuries. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced endothelium damage and their impact on early and late radiation injury. Furthermore, we review established and emerging in vivo and in vitro models that have been developed to study the mechanisms of radiation-induced endothelium damage and to design, develop and rapidly screen therapeutics for treatment of radiation-induced vascular damage. Currently there are no specific therapeutics available to protect against radiation-induced loss of endothelial barrier function, leukocyte dysfunction and resulting organ damage. Developing therapeutics to prevent endothelium dysfunction and normal tissue damage during radiotherapy can serve as the urgently needed medical countermeasures.
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