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Jolly RA, Cornwell PD, Noteboom J, Sayyed FB, Thapa B, Buckley LA. Estimation of Acceptable Daily Intake Values based on Modeling and In Vivo Mutagenicity of NDSRIs of Fluoxetine, Duloxetine and Atomoxetine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024:105672. [PMID: 38968965 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Nitrosamine drug substance related impurities or NDSRIs can be formed if an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has an intrinsic secondary amine that can undergo nitrosation. This is a concern as 1) nitrosamines are potentially highly potent carcinogens, 2) secondary amines in API are common, and 3) NDSRIs that might form from such secondary amines will be of unknown carcinogenic potency. Approaches for evaluating NDSRIs include read across, quantum mechanical modeling of reactivity, in vitro mutation data, and transgenic in vivo mutation data. These approaches were used here to assess NDSRIs that could potentially form from the drugs fluoxetine, duloxetine and atomoxetine. Based on a read across informed by modeling of physicochemical properties and mechanistic activation from quantum mechanical modeling, NDSRIs of fluoxetine, duloxetine, and atomoxetine were 10-100-fold less potent compared with highly potent nitrosamines such as NDMA or NDEA. While the NDSRIs were all confirmed to be mutagenic in vitro (Ames assay) and in vivo (TGR) studies, the latter data indicated that the potency of the mutation response was > 4400 ng/day for all compounds- an order of magnitude higher than published regulatory limits for these NDSRIs. The approaches described herein can be used qualitatively to better categorize NDSRIs with respect to potency and inform whether they are in the ICH M7R2-designated Cohort of Concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jolly
- Eli Lilly and Company, Inc. Indianapolis, IN 46285, India.
| | | | | | | | - Bishnu Thapa
- Eli Lilly and Company, Inc. Indianapolis, IN 46285, India
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Theodorakis CW, Meyer MA, Okay O, Yakan SD, Schramm KW. Contamination acts as a genotype-dependent barrier to gene flow, causing genetic erosion and fine-grained population subdivision in Mussels from the Strait of Istanbul. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:47-65. [PMID: 38182932 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This study provides evidence of fine-grained genetic structuring in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Strait of Istanbul, caused by barriers to gene flow via contaminant-mediated selection. In this study, mitochondrial D-loop sequences were analyzed in mussels from 8 localities, all less than 30 kilometers apart, with differing contaminant loads. The results were: 1) Intra-population genetic differentiation (ΦST) between sites with high and low contaminant loads was high (up to 0.459), even at distances of only a few kilometers. 2) Genetic diversity was negatively correlated with the contaminant load ("genetic erosion"). 3) There was evidence of selection, based on haplotype frequencies and neutrality tests (Tajima's D), with purifying selection at the most contaminated site and balancing selection at the least contaminated. 4) Genetic distance was not correlated with geographic distance (no isolation-by-distance), but was correlated with contaminant load at each site. 5) Population dendrograms and Bayesian estimators of migration indicated that gene flow between sites was affected by contamination. For the dendrograms of the sampling sites, the clades clustered according to contaminant load more than geographic distance. Overall, these results suggest that 1) contamination may serve as a genotype-dependent dispersal barrier (i.e., contamination may not affect total number of migrants, just the relative proportions of the haplotypes in the established immigrants), leading strong population differentiation over short distances, and 2) genetic erosion may occur by a combination of selection and altered patterns of haplotype-specific gene flow. These effects may be more pronounced in the Strait of Istanbul than in other locations because of the riverine nature and strong, uni-directional current of the strait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Theodorakis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026-1099, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026-1651, USA.
| | - Mary-Ann Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026-1651, USA
| | - Oya Okay
- Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Sarıyer, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Deniz Yakan
- Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Sarıyer, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Molecular EXposomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department für Biowissenschaften, TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
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Piccini I, Macrì M, Gea M, Dessì L, Bonetta S, Schilirò T, Santovito A, Bonelli S. Genotoxic effects of particulate matter on larvae of a common and widespread butterfly along an urbanization gradient. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114638. [PMID: 36791502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is currently declining worldwide. Several threats have been identified such as habitat loss and climate change. It is unknown if and how air pollution can work in addition or in synergy to these threats, contributing to the decline of current species and/or local extinction. Few studies have investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM), the main component of air pollution, on insects, and no studies have investigated its genotoxic effects through Micronucleus assay. Butterflies play an important role in the environment, as herbivores during larval stages, and as pollinators as adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of PM10 from different sites along a gradient of population urbanization, on a common cabbage butterfly species (Pieris brassicae). PM10 was collected from April to September in an urban (Turin, Italy), a suburban (Druento, Italy) and a mountain site (Ceresole Reale, Italy) with different urbanization levels. P. brassicae larvae (n = 218) were reared in the laboratory under controlled conditions (26 °C, L:D 15:9) on cabbage plants (average 9.2 days), and they were exposed to PM10 organic extracts (20 and 40 m3/mL) or dimethyl sulfoxide (controls) through vaporization. After exposure, larvae were dissected and cells were used for the Micronucleus (MN) assay. Results showed that all PM extracts induced significant DNA damage in exposed larvae compared to controls, and that increasing the PM dose (from 20 to 40 m3/mL) increased genotoxic effects. However, we did not detect any significant differences between sites with different urbanization levels. In conclusion, PM at different concentrations induced genotoxic effects on larvae of a common butterfly species. More alarmingly, PM could work in addition to and/or in synergy with other compounds (e.g. pesticides) and, especially on species already threatened by other factors (e.g. fragmentation), thus affecting the vitality of populations, leading to local extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Piccini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Manuela Macrì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Dessì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schilirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Macrì M, Gea M, Piccini I, Dessì L, Santovito A, Bonelli S, Schilirò T, Bonetta S. Cabbage butterfly as bioindicator species to investigate the genotoxic effects of PM 10. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45285-45294. [PMID: 36705823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution poses a serious threat to environment and human health, and particulate matter (PM) is one of the major contributors. Biological effects induced by PM are investigated through in vitro assays using cells and by in vivo tests with laboratory model animals. However, also the estimation of adverse effects of pollutants, including airborne ones, on wild animals, such as insects, is an essential component of environmental risk assessment. Among insects, butterflies are sensitive to environmental changes and are important wild pollinators, so they might be suitable as environmental bioindicator species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a wild cabbage butterfly species (Pieris brassicae) as a bioindicator organism to assess the genotoxic effects of PM10 collected in different sites. PM10 was collected from April to September in urban, suburban, and rural sites. P. brassicae larvae were reared in laboratory under controlled conditions on cabbage plants and exposed to PM10 organic extracts or dimethyl sulfoxide (controls) through vaporization. After exposure, larvae were dissected, and cells were used for comet assay. All PM extracts induced significant DNA damage in exposed larvae compared to controls and the extract collected in the most polluted site caused the highest genotoxic effect. In conclusion, the study suggested that butterflies, such as P. brassicae, could be applied as sensitive and promising bioindicators to investigate air quality and PM genotoxicity. Indeed, the use of these organisms allows the detection of genotoxic effects induced by PM sampled also in low-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Macrì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Gea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Piccini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Dessì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schilirò
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 Bis, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Pesnya DS, Kurbatova SA, Sharov AN, Chernova EN, Yershov IY, Shurganova GV, Vodeneeva EL. Genotoxicity of Natural Water during the Mass Development of Cyanobacteria Evaluated by the Allium Test Method: A Model Experiment with Microcosms. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050359. [PMID: 35622605 PMCID: PMC9145725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, which develop abundantly in aquatic ecosystems, can be harmful to humans and animals not only by releasing toxins that cause poisoning but also by provoking cytogenetic effects. The influence of the mass development of cyanobacteria on the genotoxic properties of natural water has been studied in model ecosystems (microcosms) with different compositions of biotic components (zooplankton, amphipods and fish). The validated plant test system “Allium test” was used in this study. Genotoxic effects were detected at microcystin concentrations below those established by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. In all experimental treatments, cells with disorders such as polyploidy and mitotic abnormalities associated with damage to the mitotic spindle, including c-mitosis, as well as lagging chromosomes were found. Genotoxic effects were associated with the abundance of cyanobacteria, which, in turn, depended on the composition of aquatic organisms in the experimental ecosystem. Fish, to a greater extent than other aquatic animals, maintain an abundance of cyanobacteria. After one month, in microcosms with fish, mitotic abnormalities and polyploidy continued to be detected, whereas in other treatments, there were no statistically significant genotoxic effects. In microcosms with amphipods, the number and biomass of cyanobacteria decreased to the greatest extent, and only one parameter of genotoxic activity (frequency of polyploidy) significantly differed from the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Pesnya
- Laboratory of Water Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.K.); (I.Y.Y.); (G.V.S.); (E.L.V.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana A. Kurbatova
- Laboratory of Water Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.K.); (I.Y.Y.); (G.V.S.); (E.L.V.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Sharov
- Laboratory of Algology, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia;
- Laboratory of Bio-Electronic Methods of Geo-Ecological Monitoring, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Chernova
- Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Studies, St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197110 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor Y. Yershov
- Laboratory of Water Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.K.); (I.Y.Y.); (G.V.S.); (E.L.V.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Ecology, Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, 152742 Borok, Russia
| | - Galina V. Shurganova
- Laboratory of Water Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.K.); (I.Y.Y.); (G.V.S.); (E.L.V.)
| | - Ekaterina L. Vodeneeva
- Laboratory of Water Ecosystems, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.K.); (I.Y.Y.); (G.V.S.); (E.L.V.)
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Aoki Y, Ohno M, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto M, Masumura K, Nohmi T, Tsuzuki T. Characteristic mutations induced in the small intestine of Msh2-knockout gpt delta mice. Genes Environ 2021; 43:27. [PMID: 34225823 PMCID: PMC8256579 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Base pair mismatches in genomic DNA can result in mutagenesis, and consequently in tumorigenesis. To investigate how mismatch repair deficiency increases mutagenicity under oxidative stress, we examined the type and frequency of mutations arising in the mucosa of the small intestine of mice carrying a reporter gene encoding guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (gpt) and in which the Msh2 gene, which encodes a component of the mismatch repair system, was either intact (Msh2+/+::gpt/0; Msh2-bearing) or homozygously knockout (KO) (Msh2−/−::gpt/0; Msh2-KO). Results Gpt mutant frequency in the small intestine of Msh2-KO mice was about 10 times that in Msh2-bearing mice. Mutant frequency in the Msh2-KO mice was not further enhanced by administration of potassium bromate, an oxidative stress inducer, in the drinking water at a dose of 1.5 g/L for 28 days. Mutation analysis showed that the characteristic mutation in the small intestine of the Msh2-KO mice was G-to-A transition, irrespective of whether potassium bromate was administered. Furthermore, administration of potassium bromate induced mutations at specific sites in gpt in the Msh2-KO mice: G-to-A transition was frequently induced at two known sites of spontaneous mutation (nucleotides 110 and 115, CpG sites) and at nucleotides 92 and 113 (3′-side of 5′-GpG-3′), and these sites were confirmed to be mutation hotspots in potassium bromate-administered Msh2-KO mice. Administration of potassium bromate also induced characteristic mutations, mainly single-base deletion and insertion of an adenine residue, in sequences of three to five adenine nucleotides (A-runs) in Msh2-KO mice, and elevated the overall proportion of single-base deletions plus insertions in Msh2-KO mice. Conclusions Our previous study revealed that administration of potassium bromate enhanced tumorigenesis in the small intestine of Msh2-KO mice and induced G-to-A transition in the Ctnnb1 gene. Based on our present and previous observations, we propose that oxidative stress under conditions of mismatch repair deficiency accelerates the induction of single-adenine deletions at specific sites in oncogenes, which enhances tumorigenesis in a synergistic manner with G-to-A transition in other oncogenes (e.g., Ctnnb1). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41021-021-00196-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Aoki
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Ohno
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michi Matsumoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Dashwood RH. Cancer interception by interceptor molecules: mechanistic, preclinical and human translational studies with chlorophylls. Genes Environ 2021; 43:8. [PMID: 33676582 PMCID: PMC7937315 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Before 'cancer interception' was first advocated, 'interceptor molecules' had been conceived as a sub-category of preventive agents that interfered with the earliest initiation steps in carcinogenesis. Three decades ago, a seminal review cataloged over fifty synthetic agents and natural products that were known or putative interceptor molecules. Chlorophylls and their derivatives garnered much interest based on the potent antimutagenic activity in the Salmonella assay, and the subsequent mechanistic work that provided proof-of-concept for direct molecular complexes with planar aromatic carcinogens. As the 'interceptor molecule' hypothesis evolved, mechanistic experiments and preclinical studies supported the view that chlorophylls can interact with environmental heterocyclic amines, aflatoxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to limit their uptake and bioavailability in vivo. Support also came from human translational studies involving ultralow dose detection in healthy volunteers, as well as intervention in at-risk subjects. Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of natural and synthetic chlorophylls against small alkylating agents also highlighted the fact that non-interceptor mechanisms existed. This gave impetus to investigations broadly related to free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation and photodynamic therapy. Therapeutic aspects of chlorophylls also were investigated, with evidence for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells. As the science has evolved, new mechanistic leads continue to support the use and development of chlorophylls and their porphyrin derivatives for cancer interception, beyond the initial interest as interceptor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, 2121 West Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hýžďalová M, Procházková J, Strapáčová S, Svržková L, Vacek O, Fedr R, Andrysík Z, Hrubá E, Líbalová H, Kléma J, Topinka J, Mašek J, Souček K, Vondráček J, Machala M. A prolonged exposure of human lung carcinoma epithelial cells to benzo[a]pyrene induces p21-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128126. [PMID: 33297115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in lung cancer cells may help us to better understand the role of toxic AhR ligands in lung carcinogenesis, including cancer progression. We employed human lung carcinoma A549 cells to investigate their fate after continuous two-week exposure to model AhR agonists, genotoxic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 1 μM) and non-genotoxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 10 nM). While TCDD increased proliferative rate of A549 cells, exposure to BaP decreased cell proliferation and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype, which was associated with enhanced cell migration, invasion, and altered cell morphology. Although TCDD also suppressed expression of E-cadherin and activated some genes linked to EMT, it did not induce the EMT-like phenotype. The results of transcriptomic analysis, and the opposite effects of BaP and TCDD on cell proliferation, indicated that a delay in cell cycle progression, together with a slight increase of senescence (when coupled with AhR activation), favors the induction of EMT-like phenotype. The shift towards EMT-like phenotype observed after simultaneous treatment with TCDD and mitomycin C (an inhibitor of cell proliferation) confirmed the hypothesis. Since BaP decreased cell proliferative rate via induction of p21 expression, we generated the A549 cell model with reduced p21 expression and exposed it to BaP for two weeks. The p21 knockdown suppressed the BaP-mediated EMT-like phenotype in A549 cells, thus confirming that a delayed cell cycle progression, together with p21-dependent induction of senescence-related chemokine CCL2, may contribute to induction of EMT-like cell phenotype in lung cells exposed to genotoxic AhR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hýžďalová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Strapáčová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svržková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vacek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Andrysík
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Eva Hrubá
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Líbalová
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kléma
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic; Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Aoki Y, Taniguchi Y, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto M, Ohno M, Masumura K, Sasaki S, Tsuzuki T, Yamamoto M, Nohmi T. Oxidative-stress-driven mutagenesis in the small intestine of the gpt delta mouse induced by oral administration of potassium bromate. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 850-851:503136. [PMID: 32247553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis induced by oxidative stress is thought to be initiated by mutagenesis, but via an indirect mechanism. The dose-response curves for agents that act by this route usually show a threshold, for unknown reasons. To gain insight into these phenomena, we have analyzed the dose response for mutagenesis induced by the oral administration of potassium bromate, a typical oxidative-stress-generating agent, to gpt delta mice. The agent was given orally for 90 d to either Nrf2+ or Nrf2-knockout (KO) mice and mutants induced in the small intestine were analyzed. In Nrf2+mice, the mutant frequency was significantly greater than in the vehicle controls at a dose of 0.6 g/L but not at 0.2 g/L, indicating that a practical threshold for mutagenesis lies between these doses. At 0.6 g/L, the frequencies of G-to-T transversions (landmark mutations for oxidative stress) and G-to-A transitions were significantly elevated. In Nrf2-KO mice, too, the total mutant frequency was increased only at 0.6 g/L. G-to-T transversions are likely to have driven tumorigenesis in the small intestine. A site-specific G-to-T transversion at guanine (nucleotide 406) in a 5'-TGAA-3' sequence in gpt, and our primer extension reaction showed that formation of the oxidative DNA base modification 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) at nucleotide 406 was significantly increased at doses of 0.6 and 2 g/L in the gpt delta mice. In the Apc oncogene, guanine residues in the same or similar sequences (TGAA or AGAA) are highly substituted by thymine (G-to-T transversions) in potassium bromate-induced tumors. We propose that formation of 8-oxo-dG in the T(A)GAA sequence is an initiating event in tumor formation in the small intestine in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Aoki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Kyushu University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Michi Matsumoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ohno
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Kyushu University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Kyushu University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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10
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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Al-Serori H, Knasmüller S. Induction of chromosomal damage in exfoliated buccal and nasal cells of road markers. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:969-976. [PMID: 31596695 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1673578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Road markers are exposed to various chemicals and particles. The aim of this study was to determine whether road worker exposure induceschromosomal damage which is indicative for increased cancer risks. Micronucleus (MN) cytome assays were thus conducted with exfoliated nasal and buccal cells collected from 42 workers and 42 matched controls. The frequencies of MN (reflecting chromosomal aberrations), nuclear buds (NBuds; reflecting gene amplifications) and binucleated cells (BN; reflecting disturbed mitosis) were scored. Further, the rates of nuclear anomalies indicative of acute cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, pyknosis) were evaluated. Data demonstrated marked induction of MN, NBuds, and BN by 1.34-fold, 1.24-fold and 1.14-fold in buccal cells. In nasal cells, only MN frequencies were elevated, 1.23-fold. These effects were paralleled by increased rates of condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis and karyolysis in both cell types. The effects were more pronounced in individuals who had worked for more than 10 years while smoking did not produce synergistic responses. This is the first investigation concerning the induction of genetic damage in road markers and the results are suggestive for enhanced cancer risks. It is conceivable that exposure to silica dust (known to induce cancer and genetic damage) and/or benzoyl peroxide which forms reactive radicals may be associated with the observed genetic damage in road workers. Further investigations of the cancer risks of these workers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College , London , UK
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11
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Aoki Y, Nakajima D, Matsumoto M, Yagishita M, Matsumoto M, Yanagisawa R, Goto S, Masumura K, Nohmi T. Change over time of the mutagenicity in the lungs of gpt delta transgenic mice by extract of airborne particles collected from ambient air in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Genes Environ 2018; 40:25. [PMID: 30519368 PMCID: PMC6263556 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously we found that DNA adducts were accumulated in the lungs of the rats exposed to ambient air in the Tokyo metropolitan area. To examine chronological change in in vivo mutagenicity of airborne particles, extracts produced from samples of total suspended particulates (TSP) collected from urban air in 1980, 1990, and 2010 in the Tokyo metropolitan area were intratracheally administered into the lungs of gpt delta mice, and differences in mutation and mutant frequency were determined by using the gpt assay. In vivo mutations induced by the extracts were characterized and mutation hotspots were identified by DNA sequencing of the mutated gpt gene. RESULTS Administration of the 1990 extract at a dose of 0.3 mg/animal significantly elevated total mutant frequency to 3.3-times that in vehicle control, and the in vivo mutagenicity of the extract (induced mutation frequency per milligram extract) was estimated to be 2.0- and 2.4-times higher than that of the 2010 and 1980 extract, respectively. G-to-A transition was the most common base substitution in the vehicle control mice. However, administration of the 1990 extract increased the frequency of G-to-T transversion, which is a landmark base substitution induced by oxidative stress; furthermore, when the extract was administered at a dose of 0.15 mg, the mutant and mutation frequencies of G-to-T transversion were significantly increased to frequencies comparable with those of G-to-A transition. Similar increases in the mutant and mutation frequencies of G-to-T transversion were observed after administration of the 2010 extract. Hotspots (mutation foci identified in three or more mice) of G-to-A transition mutations at nucleotides 64 and 110 were induced by the 1980, 1990, and 2010 extracts; a hotspot of G-to-T transversions at nucleotide 406 was also induced by the 2010 extract. Previously, we showed that diesel exhaust particles or their extract, as well as 1,6-dinitropyrene, administered to mice induced these hotspots of G-to-A transitions. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggested that mutagenesis induced by extracts produced from TSP collected in the Tokyo metropolitan area induced in vivo mutagenicity via the same mechanism underlying the induction of in vivo mutagenicity by components of diesel exhaust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Aoki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Mayuko Yagishita
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Michi Matsumoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Rie Yanagisawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Sumio Goto
- Azabu University, School of Life and Environmental Science, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, Kawasaki-ku, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, Kawasaki-ku, Japan
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12
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Espín-Pérez A, Krauskopf J, Chadeau-Hyam M, van Veldhoven K, Chung F, Cullinan P, Piepers J, van Herwijnen M, Kubesch N, Carrasco-Turigas G, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Vineis P, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TMCM. Short-term transcriptome and microRNAs responses to exposure to different air pollutants in two population studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:182-190. [PMID: 29980036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diesel vehicle emissions are the major source of genotoxic compounds in ambient air from urban areas. These pollutants are linked to risks of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, respiratory infections and adverse neurological effects. Biological events associated with exposure to some air pollutants are widely unknown but applying omics techniques may help to identify the molecular processes that link exposure to disease risk. Most data on health risks are related to long-term exposure, so the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of short-term exposure (two hours) to air pollutants on the blood transcriptome and microRNA expression levels. We analyzed transcriptomics and microRNA expression using microarray technology on blood samples from volunteers participating in studies in London, the Oxford Street cohort, and, in Barcelona, the TAPAS cohort. Personal exposure levels measurements of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), ultrafine particles (UFPC), nitrogen oxides (NO2, NO and NOx), black carbon (BC) and carbon oxides (CO and CO2) were registered for each volunteer. Associations between air pollutant levels and gene/microRNA expression were evaluated using multivariate normal models (MVN). MVN-models identified compound-specific expression of blood cell genes and microRNAs associated with air pollution despite the low exposure levels, the short exposure periods and the relatively small-sized cohorts. Hsa-miR-197-3p, hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-15a-5p, hsa-miR-16-5p and hsa-miR-92a-3p are found significantly expressed in association with exposures. These microRNAs target also relevant transcripts, indicating their potential relevance in the research of omics-biomarkers responding to air pollution. Furthermore, these microRNAs are also known to be associated with diseases previously linked to air pollution exposure including several cancers such lung cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In conclusion, we identified in this study promising compound-specific mRNA and microRNA biomarkers after two hours of exposure to low levels of air pollutants during two hours that suggest increased cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Espín-Pérez
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karin van Veldhoven
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fan Chung
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jolanda Piepers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine Kubesch
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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13
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Reduced proliferation capacity of lung cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 52:249-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-018-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Yang LL, Zhao Y, Luo SM, Ma JY, Ge ZJ, Shen W, Yin S. Toxic effects and possible mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonia on porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2017; 285:20-26. [PMID: 29292088 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) are two major air pollutants which can cause damage to porcine health. However, the mechanisms underlying toxic effects of these compounds on porcine oocyte maturation are not clear. To clarify the mechanism, we evaluated the oocyte quality by detecting some events during oocytes maturation. In our study, porcine oocytes were cultured with different concentrations of Na2S and/or NH4Cl in vitro and the rate of the first polar body extrusion decreased significantly. Also, actin filament was seriously disrupted to damage the cytoskeleton which resulted in reduced rate of oocyte maturation. We explored the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and found that the ROS level was increased significantly after Na2S treatment but not after NH4Cl treatment. Moreover, early stage apoptosis rate was significantly increased and autophagy protein LC3 B expression level was higher in oocytes treated with Na2S and/or NH4Cl, which might be caused by ROS elevation. Additionally, exposure to Na2S and/or NH4Cl also caused ROS generation and early apoptosis in cumulus cells, which might further affect oocyte maturation in vitro. In summary, our data suggested that exposure to H2S and/or NH3 decreased porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, which might be caused by actin disruption, ROS generation, early apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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