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Buteau JP, Kostos L, Alipour R, Jackson P, McInstosh L, Emmerson B, Haskali MB, Xie J, Medhurst E, Ravi R, Gonzalez BD, Fettke H, Blyth B, Furic L, Owen K, Sandhu S, Murphy DG, Azad AA, Hofman MS. Clinical Trial Protocol for VIOLET: A Single-Center, Phase I/II Trial Evaluation of Radioligand Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with [ 161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:1231-1238. [PMID: 38991752 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
[177Lu]Lu-PSMA is an effective class of therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC); however, progression is inevitable. The limited durability of response may be partially explained by the presence of micrometastatic deposits, which are energy-sheltered and receive low absorbed radiation with 177Lu due to the approximately 0.7-mm mean pathlength. 161Tb has abundant emission of Auger and conversion electrons that deposit a higher concentration of radiation over a shorter path, particularly to single tumor cells and micrometastases. 161Tb has shown in vitro and in vivo efficacy superior to that of 177Lu. We aim to demonstrate that [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T will deliver effective radiation to sites of metastatic prostate cancer with an acceptable safety profile. Methods: This single-center, single-arm, phase I/II trial will recruit 30 patients with mCRPC. Key eligibility criteria include a diagnosis of mCRPC with progression after at least one line of taxane chemotherapy (unless medically unsuitable) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitor; prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive disease on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT (SUVmax ≥ 20); no sites of discordance on [18F]FDG PET/CT; adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function; an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of no more than 2, and no prior treatment with another radioisotope. The dose escalation is a 3 + 3 design to establish the safety of 3 prespecified activities of [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T (4.4, 5.5, and 7.4 GBq). The maximum tolerated dose will be defined as the highest activity level at which a dose-limiting toxicity occurs in fewer than 2 of 6 participants. The dose expansion will include 24 participants at the maximum tolerated dose. Up to 6 cycles of [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T will be administered intravenously every 6 wk, with each subsequent activity reduced by 0.4 GBq. The coprimary objectives are to establish the maximum tolerated dose and safety profile (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0) of [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T. Secondary objectives include measuring absorbed radiation dose (Gy), evaluating antitumor activity (prostate-specific antigen 50% response rate, radiographic and prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate), and evaluating pain (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form) and health-related quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Radionuclide Therapy). Conclusion: Enrollment was completed in February 2024. Patients are still receiving [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Buteau
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Kostos
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Alipour
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Price Jackson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan McInstosh
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brittany Emmerson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Haskali
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Radiopharmaceutical Production and Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Xie
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Medhurst
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajeev Ravi
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian D Gonzalez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Heidi Fettke
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Luc Furic
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Katie Owen
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Busslinger SD, Mapanao AK, Kegler K, Bernhardt P, Flühmann F, Fricke J, Zeevaart JR, Köster U, van der Meulen NP, Schibli R, Müller C. Comparison of the tolerability of 161Tb- and 177Lu-labeled somatostatin analogues in the preclinical setting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06827-2. [PMID: 39046521 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE is an established somatostatin receptor (SSTR) agonist for the treatment of metastasized neuroendocrine neoplasms, while the SSTR antagonist [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3 has only scarcely been employed in clinics. Impressive preclinical data obtained with [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 in tumor-bearing mice indicated the potential of terbium-161 as an alternative to lutetium-177. The aim of the present study was to compare the tolerability of 161Tb- and 177Lu-based DOTA-LM3 and DOTATATE in immunocompetent mice. METHODS Dosimetry calculations were performed based on biodistribution data of the radiopeptides in immunocompetent mice. Treatment-related effects on blood cell counts were assessed on Days 10, 28 and 56 after application of [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 or [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE at 20 MBq per mouse. These radiopeptides were also applied at 100 MBq per mouse and the effects compared to those observed after application of the 177Lu-labeled counterparts. Bone marrow smears, blood plasma parameters and organ histology were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS The absorbed organ dose was commonly higher for the SSTR antagonist than for the SSTR agonist and for terbium-161 over lutetium-177. Application of a therapeutic activity level of 20 MBq [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 or [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE was well tolerated without major hematological changes. The injection of 100 MBq of the 161Tb- and 177Lu-based somatostatin analogues affected the blood cell counts, however. The lymphocytes were 40-50% lower in treated mice compared to the untreated controls on Day 10 irrespective of the radionuclide employed. At the same timepoint, thrombocyte and erythrocyte counts were 30-50% and 6-12% lower, respectively, after administration of the SSTR antagonist (p < 0.05) while changes were less pronounced in mice injected with the SSTR agonist. All blood cell counts were in the normal range on Day 56. Histological analyses revealed minimal abnormalities in the kidneys, liver and spleen of treated mice. No correlation was observed between the organ dose and frequency of the occurrence of abnormalities. CONCLUSION Hematologic changes were more pronounced in mice treated with the SSTR antagonist than in those treated with the SSTR agonist. Despite the increased absorbed dose delivered by terbium-161 over lutetium-177, [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 and [161Tb]Tb-DOTATATE should be safe at activity levels that are recommended for their respective 177Lu-based analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institution of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (MFT), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Fabienne Flühmann
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Julia Fricke
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Brits, 0240, South Africa
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, 38042, France
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, 5232, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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3
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Arman MÖ, Mullaliu A, Geboes B, Van Hecke K, Das G, Aquilanti G, Binnemans K, Cardinaels T. Separation of terbium as a first step towards high purity terbium-161 for medical applications. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19926-19934. [PMID: 38903678 PMCID: PMC11187813 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium-161 is a medical radiolanthanide that has a beta decay energy and half-life similar to that of lutetium-177, which makes it a promising alternative for therapeutic purposes. The production route using an enriched gadolinium-160 target necessitates the purification of terbium-161 from the untransmuted target material as well as from its stable decay product, dysprosium-161. The separation of neighbouring lanthanides is challenging due to their similar chemical properties and prominent trivalent oxidation states. In this work, the aim is to change the oxidation state of terbium, resulting in the altering of chemical properties that ease the intragroup separation. To this end, a novel separation method is investigated, involving the electrochemical oxidation of terbium (3+) to terbium (4+) followed by anion exchange chromatography. The electrolysis conditions are set to the highest achievable conversion rate, followed by a dilution step during which the pH and electrolyte concentration are slightly lowered to obtain conditions that are compatible with the separation method. XAS analysis is done to characterize the carbonato complex of both oxidation states and to further elucidate the separation mechanism. The results show that the separation approach of combining electrochemical oxidation with anion exchange chromatography is promising for the purification of 161Tb for medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Özge Arman
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Institute for Nuclear Energy Technology Boeretang 200, Mol B-2400 Belgium
| | - Angelo Mullaliu
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Bart Geboes
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Institute for Nuclear Energy Technology Boeretang 200, Mol B-2400 Belgium
| | - Karen Van Hecke
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Institute for Nuclear Energy Technology Boeretang 200, Mol B-2400 Belgium
| | - Ganghadar Das
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste 34149 Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | | | - Koen Binnemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. 2404 B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK CEN, Institute for Nuclear Energy Technology Boeretang 200, Mol B-2400 Belgium
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4
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Wharton L, McNeil SW, Zhang C, Engudar G, Van de Voorde M, Zeisler J, Koniar H, Sekar S, Yuan Z, Schaffer P, Radchenko V, Ooms M, Kunz P, Bénard F, Yang H. Preclinical evaluation of MC1R targeting theranostic pair [ 155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH and [ 161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 136-137:108925. [PMID: 38796924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted radionuclide therapy is established as a highly effective strategy for the treatment of metastatic tumors; however, the co-development of suitable imaging companions to therapy remains significant challenge. Theranostic isotopes of terbium (149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb, 161Tb) have the potential to provide chemically identical radionuclidic pairs, which collectively encompass all modes of nuclear decay relevant to nuclear medicine. Herein, we report the first radiochemistry and preclinical studies involving 155Tb- and 161Tb-labeled crown-αMSH, a small peptide-based bioconjugate suitable for targeting melanoma. METHODS 155Tb was produced via proton induced spallation of Ta targets using the isotope separation and acceleration facility at TRIUMF with isotope separation on-line (ISAC/ISOL). The radiolabeling characteristics of crown-αMSH with 155Tb and/or 161Tb were evaluated by concentration-dependence radiolabeling studies, and radio-HPLC stability studies. LogD7.4 measurements were obtained for [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH. Competitive binding assays were undertaken to determine the inhibition constant for [natTb]Tb-crown-αMSH in B16-F10 cells. Pre-clinical biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies of 155Tb and 161Tb labeled crown-αMSH were undertaken in male C57Bl/6 J mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors to evaluate tumor specific uptake and imaging potential for each radionuclide. RESULTS Quantitative radiolabeling of crown-αMSH with [155Tb]Tb3+ and [161Tb]Tb3+ was demonstrated under mild conditions (RT, 10 min) and low chelator concentrations; achieving high molar activities (23-29 MBq/nmol). Radio-HPLC studies showed [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH maintains excellent radiochemical purity in human serum, while gradual metabolic degradation is observed in mouse serum. Competitive binding assays showed the high affinity of [natTb]Tb-crown-αMSH toward MC1R. Two different methods for preparation of the [155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH radiotracer were investigated and the impacts on the biodistribution profile in tumor bearing mice is compared. Preclinical in vivo studies of 155Tb- and 161Tb- labeled crown-αMSH were performed in parallel, in mice bearing B16-F10 tumors; where the biodistribution results showed similar tumor specific uptake (6.06-7.44 %IA/g at 2 h pi) and very low uptake in nontarget organs. These results were further corroborated through a series of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies, with [155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH and [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH showing comparable uptake profiles and excellent image contrast. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies highlight the promising characteristics of [155Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH and [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH as theranostic pair for nuclear imaging (155Tb) and radionuclide therapy (161Tb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Scott W McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gokce Engudar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Helena Koniar
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sathiya Sekar
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, 4145 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Peter Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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5
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McIntosh L, Jackson P, Emmerson B, Buteau JP, Alipour R, Kong G, Hofman MS. Quantitative calibration of Tb-161 SPECT/CT in view of personalised dosimetry assessment studies. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38372952 PMCID: PMC10876500 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbium-161 (161Tb)-based radionuclide therapy poses an alternative to current Lutetium-177 (177Lu) approaches with the additional benefit of secondary Auger and conversion electron emissions capable of delivering high doses of localised damage to micro-metastases including single cells. Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography, paired with computed tomography (SPECT/CT), enables quantitative measurement from post-therapy imaging. In view of dosimetry extrapolations, a Tb-161 sensitivity SPECT/CT camera calibration was performed using a method previously validated for 177Lu. METHODS Serial imaging of a NEMA/IEC body phantom with Tb-161 was performed on SPECT/CT with low-energy high-resolution collimators employing a photopeak of 75 keV with a 20% width. Quantitative stability and recovery coefficients were investigated over a sequence of 19 scans with buffered 161Tb solution at total phantom activity ranging from 70 to 4990 MBq. RESULTS Sphere recovery coefficients were 0.60 ± 0.05, 0.52 ± 0.07, 0.45 ± 0.07, 0.39 ± 0.07, 0.28 ± 0.08, and 0.20 ± 0.08 for spheres 37, 28, 22, 17, 13, and 10mm, respectively, when considered across all activity and scan durations with dual-energy window scatter correction. Whole-field reconstructed sensitivity was calculated as 1.42E-5 counts per decay. Qualitatively, images exhibited no visual artefacts and were comparable to 177Lu SPECT/CT. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative SPECT/CT of 161Tb is feasible over a range of activities enabling dosimetry analogous to 177Lu whilst also producing suitable imaging for clinical review. This has been incorporated into a prospective trial of 161Tb-PSMA for men with metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan McIntosh
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Price Jackson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brittany Emmerson
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James P Buteau
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramin Alipour
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grace Kong
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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6
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Van Laere C, Koole M, Deroose CM, de Voorde MV, Baete K, Cocolios TE, Duchemin C, Ooms M, Cleeren F. Terbium radionuclides for theranostic applications in nuclear medicine: from atom to bedside. Theranostics 2024; 14:1720-1743. [PMID: 38389843 PMCID: PMC10879862 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium features four clinically interesting radionuclides for application in nuclear medicine: terbium-149, terbium-152, terbium-155, and terbium-161. Their identical chemical properties enable the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals with the same pharmacokinetic character, while their distinctive decay characteristics make them valuable for both imaging and therapeutic applications. In particular, terbium-152 and terbium-155 are useful candidates for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, respectively; whereas terbium-149 and terbium-161 find application in α- and β--/Auger electron therapy, respectively. This unique characteristic makes the terbium family ideal for the "matched-pair" principle of theranostics. In this review, the advantages and challenges of terbium-based radiopharmaceuticals are discussed, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside administration. It elaborates on the fundamental properties of terbium, the production routes of the four interesting radionuclides and gives an overview of the available bifunctional chelators. Finally, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies as well as the prospects of this promising development in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Van Laere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M. Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baete
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas E. Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications, Mol, Belgium
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Favaretto C, Grundler PV, Talip Z, Köster U, Johnston K, Busslinger SD, Sprung P, Hillhouse CC, Eichler R, Schibli R, Müller C, van der Meulen NP. Terbium-149 production: a focus on yield and quality improvement towards preclinical application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3284. [PMID: 38332245 PMCID: PMC10853284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Terbium-149 (T1/2 = 4.1 h, Eα = 3.98 MeV (16.7%), 28 µm range in tissue) is a radionuclide with potential for targeted alpha therapy. Due to the negligible emission of α-emitting daughter nuclides, toxicity to healthy tissue may be reduced in comparison with other α-particle emitters. In this study, terbium-149 was produced via 1.4 GeV proton irradiation of a tantalum target at the CERN-ISOLDE facility. The spallation products were mass separated and implanted on zinc-coated foils and, later, radiochemically processed. Terbium-149 was separated from the co-produced isobaric radioisotopes and the zinc coating from the implantation foil, using cation-exchange and extraction chromatographic techniques, respectively. At the end of separation, up to 260 MBq terbium-149 were obtained with > 99% radionuclidic purity. Radiolabeling experiments were performed with DOTATATE, achieving 50 MBq/nmol apparent molar activity with radiochemical purity > 99%. The chemical purity was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry measurements, which showed lead, copper, iron and zinc only at ppb level. The radiolabeling of the somatostatin analogue DOTATATE with [149Tb]TbCl3 and the subsequent in vivo PET/CT scans conducted in xenografted mice, showing good tumor uptake, further demonstrated product quality and its ability to be used in a preclinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Favaretto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Köster
- Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Johnston
- Physics Department, ISOLDE/CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Sprung
- Department Hot Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - C C Hillhouse
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Eichler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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8
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Tosato M, Gandini A, Happel S, Bas M, Donzella A, Zenoni A, Salvini A, Andrighetto A, Di Marco V, Asti M. Chromatographic separation of silver-111 from neutron-irradiated palladium target: toward direct labeling of radiotracers. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:43. [PMID: 38123869 PMCID: PMC10733254 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver-111 is a promising β--emitting radioisotope with ideal characteristics for targeted radionuclide therapy and associated single photon emission tomography imaging. Its decay properties closely resemble the clinically established lutetium-177, making it an attractive candidate for therapeutic applications. In addition, the clinical value of silver-111 is further enhanced by the existence of the positron-emitting counterpart silver-103, thus imparting a truly theranostic potential to this element. A so-fitting matching pair could potentially overcome the current limitations associated with the forced use of chemically different isotopes as imaging surrogates of lutetium-177, leading to more accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment. However, the use of silver-111-based radiopharmaceuticals in vivo has faced obstacles due to the challenges related to its production and radiochemical separation from the target material. To address these issues, this study aims to implement a chromatographic separation methodology for the purification of reactor-produced silver-111. The ultimate goal is to achieve a ready-to-use formulation for the direct radiolabeling of tumour-seeking biomolecules. RESULTS A two-step sequence chromatographic process was validated for cold Ag-Pd separation and then translated to the radioactive counterpart. Silver-111 was produced via the 110Pd(n,γ)111Pd nuclear reaction on a natural palladium target and the subsequent β--decay of palladium-111. Silver-111 was chemically separated from the metallic target via the implemented chromatographic process by using commercially available LN and TK200 resins. The effectiveness of the separations was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and γ-spectrometry, respectively, and the Ag+ retrieval was afforded in pure water. Recovery of silver-111 was > 90% with a radionuclidic purity > 99% and a separation factor of around 4.21·10-4. CONCLUSIONS The developed separation method was suitable to obtain silver-111 with high molar activity in a ready-to-use water-based formulation that can be directly employed for the labeling of radiotracers. By successfully establishing a robust and efficient production and purification method for silver-111, this research paves the way for its wider application in targeted radionuclide therapy and precision imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tosato
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL di Reggio Emilia: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Gandini
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marine Bas
- TrisKem International SAS, 35170, Brittany, France
| | - Antonietta Donzella
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pavia Section, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Zenoni
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Pavia Section, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvini
- Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Andrighetto
- Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics, Legnaro National Laboratories, 35020, Legnaro, (Padova), Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Asti
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section, Nuclear Medicine Unit, AUSL di Reggio Emilia: Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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9
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Wang Y, Sounalet T, Guertin A, Nigron E, Michel N, Haddad F. Study of terbium production from enriched Gd targets via the reaction 155Gd(d,2n) 155Tb. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 201:110996. [PMID: 37657224 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The terbium (Tb) family has attracted much attention in recent years thanks to the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the quadruplet 149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb and 161Tb. However, the scarce availability of Tb radioisotopes is one of the main reasons hindering its clinical applications. To increase its availability, this work proposes to use enriched gadolinium (Gd) targets to produce some Tb radioisotopes (149Tb, 152Tb, and 155Tb) via deuteron-induced reactions in cyclotrons. The production of the Auger and gamma emitter 155Tb was chosen as a case study because the 155Gd enrichment (92.8%) is the highest available from all Gd stable isotopes. The involved reaction is 155Gd(d,2n)155Tb. Using enriched thin Gd-containing targets, cross-sections of the reactions 155Gd(d,x)153,154,155,156Tb have been measured at the GIP ARRONAX cyclotron facility with a beam energy ranging from 8 MeV to 30 MeV. This measurement allows for estimating the production yield and the purity of 155Tb, and for determining the irradiation parameters for large production batches. A thick enriched 155Gd2O3 target has been then irradiated with an incident energy of 15.1 MeV and a beam current of 368 nA for 1 h. The production yield of 155Tb is 10.2 MBq/μA/h at End Of Bombardment (EOB) and the purity is 89% after 14 days of decay. These experimental values are consistent with estimation based on measured cross-sections. A comparison of the deuteron-induced and proton-induced production routes is also presented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Wang
- Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP20722, 44307, Nantes, Cedex 3, France.
| | - Thomas Sounalet
- Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP20722, 44307, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Arnaud Guertin
- Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP20722, 44307, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Etienne Nigron
- GIP ARRONAX, 1 rue Aronnax, CS10112, 44817, Saint-Herblain, Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Michel
- Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP20722, 44307, Nantes, Cedex 3, France; GIP ARRONAX, 1 rue Aronnax, CS10112, 44817, Saint-Herblain, Cedex, France
| | - Férid Haddad
- Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler BP20722, 44307, Nantes, Cedex 3, France; GIP ARRONAX, 1 rue Aronnax, CS10112, 44817, Saint-Herblain, Cedex, France
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10
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Uygur E, Sezgin C, Parlak Y, Karatay KB, Arikbasi B, Avcibasi U, Toklu T, Barutca S, Harmansah C, Sozen TS, Maus S, Scher H, Aras O, Gumuser FG, Muftuler FZB. The Radiolabeling of [161Tb]-PSMA-617 by a Novel Radiolabeling Method and Preclinical Evaluation by In Vitro/In Vivo Methods. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3415703. [PMID: 37961521 PMCID: PMC10635383 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3415703/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of cancer in elderly men, with a positive correlation with age. As resistance to treatment has developed, particularly in the progressive stage of the disease and in the presence of microfocal multiple bone metastases, new generation radionuclide therapies have emerged. Recently, [161Tb], a radiolanthanide introduced for treating micrometastatic foci, has shown great promise for treating prostate cancer. Results In this study, Terbium-161 [161Tb]Tb was radiolabeled with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 ([161Tb]-PSMA-617) and the therapeutic efficacy of the radiolabeled compound investigated in vitro and in vivo. [161Tb]-PSMA-617 was found to have a radiochemical yield of 97.99 ± 2.01% and was hydrophilic. [161Tb]-PSMA-617 was also shown to have good stability, with a radiochemical yield of over 95% up to 72 hours. In vitro, [161Tb]-PSMA-617 showed a cytotoxic effect on LNCaP cells but not on PC-3 cells. In vivo, scintigraphy imaging visualized the accumulation of [161Tb]-PSMA-617 in the prostate, kidneys, and bladder. Conclusions The results suggest that [161Tb]-PSMA-617 can be an effective radiolabeled agent for the treatment of PSMA positive foci in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Uygur
- Manisa Celal Bayar University: Manisa Celal Bayar Universitesi
| | | | - Yasemin Parlak
- Manisa Celal Bayar University: Manisa Celal Bayar Universitesi
| | - Kadriye Busra Karatay
- Ege University Institute of Nuclear Sciences: Ege Universitesi Nukleer Bilimler Enstitusu
| | | | - Ugur Avcibasi
- Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi: Manisa Celal Bayar Universitesi
| | | | - Sabri Barutca
- Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi: Adnan Menderes Universitesi Tip Fakultesi
| | | | | | - Stephan Maus
- Saarland University Hospital and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine: Universitatsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultat der Universitat des Saarlandes
| | - Howard Scher
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Inpatient Hospital and Main Campus: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Omer Aras
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Inpatient Hospital and Main Campus: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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11
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Renaldin E, Dellepiane G, Braccini S, Sommerhalder A, Zhang H, van der Meulen NP, Eichler R, Talip Z. Study of thulium-167 cyclotron production: a potential medically-relevant radionuclide. Front Chem 2023; 11:1288588. [PMID: 37927558 PMCID: PMC10620610 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1288588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy is used for the treatment of tumors in nuclear medicine, while sparing healthy tissues. Its application to cancer treatment is expanding. In particular, Auger-electron emitters potentially exhibit high efficacy in treating either small metastases or single tumor cells due to their short range in tissue. The aim of this paper is to study the feasibility of a large-scale production of thulium-167, an Auger-electron emitter radionuclide, in view of eventual systematic preclinical studies. Methods: Proton-irradiated enriched erbium-167 and erbium-168 oxides were used to measure the production cross sections of thulium-165, thulium-166, thulium-167, and thulium-168 utilizing an 18-MeV medical cyclotron equipped with a Beam Transport Line (BTL) at the Bern medical cyclotron laboratory. The comparison between the experimental and the TENDL 2021 theoretical cross-section results were in good agreement. Additional experiments were performed to assess the production yields of thulium radioisotopes in the BTL. Thulium-167 production yield was also measured irradiating five different target materials (167 Er 2 O 3, 168 Er 2 O 3, nat Tm 2 O 3, nat Yb 2 O 3, 171 Yb 2 O 3) with proton beams up to 63 MeV at the Injector II cyclotron of Paul Scherrer Institute. Results and Discussion: Our experiments showed that an 8-h irradiation of enriched ytterbium-171 oxide produced about 420 MBq of thulium-167 with a radionuclidic purity of 99.95% after 5 days of cooling time with a proton beam of about 53 MeV. Larger activities of thulium-167 can be achieved using enriched erbium-168 oxide with a 23-MeV proton beam, obtaining about 1 GBq after 8-h irradiation with a radionuclidic purity of < 99.5% 5 days post end of bombardment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Renaldin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Sommerhalder
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beam Physics, Proton Facilities, Accelerator Operation and Development, Large Research Facilities, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry (LRC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Robert Eichler
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry (LRC), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences (CRS), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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12
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Tschan VJ, Busslinger SD, Bernhardt P, Grundler PV, Zeevaart JR, Köster U, van der Meulen NP, Schibli R, Müller C. Albumin-Binding and Conventional PSMA Ligands in Combination with 161Tb: Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Preclinical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1625-1631. [PMID: 37442604 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The favorable decay characteristics of 161Tb attracted the interest of clinicians in using this novel radionuclide for radioligand therapy (RLT). 161Tb decays with a similar half-life to 177Lu, but beyond the emission of β--particles and γ-rays, 161Tb also emits conversion and Auger electrons, which may be particularly effective to eliminate micrometastases. The aim of this study was to compare the dosimetry and therapeutic efficacy of 161Tb and 177Lu in tumor-bearing mice using SibuDAB and PSMA-I&T, which differ in their blood residence time and tumor uptake. Methods: [161Tb]Tb-SibuDAB and [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T were evaluated in vitro and investigated in biodistribution, imaging, and therapy studies using PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice. The 177Lu-labeled counterparts served for dose calculations and comparison of therapeutic efficacy. The tolerability of RLT in mice was monitored on the basis of body mass, blood plasma parameters, blood cell counts, and the histology of relevant organs and tissues. Results: The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radioligands, irrespective of whether labeled with 161Tb or 177Lu, showed similar in vitro data and comparable tissue distribution profiles. As a result of the albumin-binding properties, [161Tb]Tb/[177Lu]Lu-SibuDAB had an enhanced blood residence time and higher tumor uptake (62%-69% injected activity per gram at 24 h after injection) than [161Tb]Tb/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T (30%-35% injected activity per gram at 24 h after injection). [161Tb]Tb-SibuDAB inhibited tumor growth more effectively than [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-I&T, as can be ascribed to its 4-fold increased absorbed tumor dose. At any of the applied activities, the 161Tb-based radioligands were therapeutically more effective than their 177Lu-labeled counterparts, as agreed with the approximately 40% increased tumor dose of 161Tb compared with that of 177Lu. Under the given experimental conditions, no obvious adverse events were observed. Conclusion: The data of this study indicate the promising potential of 161Tb in combination with SibuDAB for RLT of prostate cancer. Future clinical studies using 161Tb-based RLT will shed light on a potential clinical benefit of 161Tb over 177Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane J Tschan
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sarah D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institution of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Brits, South Africa
| | | | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland;
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Larouze A, Alcocer-Ávila M, Morgat C, Champion C, Hindié E. Membrane and Nuclear Absorbed Doses from 177Lu and 161Tb in Tumor Clusters: Effect of Cellular Heterogeneity and Potential Benefit of Dual Targeting-A Monte Carlo Study. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1619-1624. [PMID: 37321819 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early use of targeted radionuclide therapy to eradicate tumor cell clusters and micrometastases might offer cure. However, there is a need to select appropriate radionuclides and assess the potential impact of heterogeneous targeting. Methods: The Monte Carlo code CELLDOSE was used to assess membrane and nuclear absorbed doses from 177Lu and 161Tb (β--emitter with additional conversion and Auger electrons) in a cluster of 19 cells (14-μm diameter, 10-μm nucleus). The radionuclide distributions considered were cell surface, intracytoplasmic, or intranuclear, with 1,436 MeV released per labeled cell. To model heterogeneous targeting, 4 of the 19 cells were unlabeled, their position being stochastically determined. We simulated situations of single targeting, as well as dual targeting, with the 2 radiopharmaceuticals aiming at different targets. Results: 161Tb delivered 2- to 6-fold higher absorbed doses to cell membranes and 2- to 3-fold higher nuclear doses than 177Lu. When all 19 cells were targeted, membrane and nuclear absorbed doses were dependent mainly on radionuclide location. With cell surface location, membrane absorbed doses were substantially higher than nuclear absorbed doses, both with 177Lu (38-41 vs. 4.7-7.2 Gy) and with 161Tb (237-244 vs. 9.8-15.1 Gy). However, when 4 cells were not targeted by the cell surface radiopharmaceutical, the membranes of these cells received on average only 9.6% of the 177Lu absorbed dose and 2.9% of the 161Tb dose, compared with a cluster with uniform cell targeting, whereas the impact on nuclear absorbed doses was moderate. With an intranuclear radionuclide location, the nuclei of unlabeled cells received only 17% of the 177Lu absorbed dose and 10.8% of the 161Tb dose, compared with situations with uniform targeting. With an intracytoplasmic location, nuclear and membrane absorbed doses to unlabeled cells were one half to one quarter those obtained with uniform targeting, both for 177Lu and for 161Tb. Dual targeting was beneficial in minimizing absorbed dose heterogeneities. Conclusion: To eradicate tumor cell clusters, 161Tb may be a better candidate than 177Lu. Heterogeneous cell targeting can lead to substantial heterogeneities in absorbed doses. Dual targeting was helpful in reducing dose heterogeneity and should be explored in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Larouze
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | - Mario Alcocer-Ávila
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France
| | - Clément Morgat
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5287, INCIA, Talence, France; and
| | - Christophe Champion
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France;
| | - Elif Hindié
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5287, INCIA, Talence, France; and
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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14
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Müller C, van der Meulen NP, Schibli R. Opportunities and potential challenges of using terbium-161 for targeted radionuclide therapy in clinics. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3181-3184. [PMID: 37436459 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Inderjeeth A, Iravani A, Subramaniam S, Conduit C, Sandhu S. Novel radionuclide therapy combinations in prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231187202. [PMID: 37547444 PMCID: PMC10399256 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231187202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the commonest cancer diagnosed in males and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have progressed on chemotherapy and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) have limited treatment options, significant morbidity, and poor outcomes. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed radionuclide therapy (RNT) is emerging as an efficacious and well-tolerated therapy; however, disease progression is universal. Several ongoing RNT trials focus on combination strategies to improve efficacy and durability of treatment response, including combinations with ARPIs, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Further, efforts are underway to expand the role of PSMA-directed RNT to earlier stages of disease including hormone-sensitive and localized prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the rationale and ongoing RNT combination therapeutic trials in prostate cancer and summarize the efficacy and toxicity associated with RNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrisha–Jade Inderjeeth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir Iravani
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shalini Subramaniam
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ciara Conduit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Al-Ibraheem A, Scott AM. 161Tb-PSMA Unleashed: a Promising New Player in the Theranostics of Prostate Cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 57:168-171. [PMID: 37483873 PMCID: PMC10359225 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-023-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotheranostics with 177Lu-PSMA have changed the treatment paradigm in patients with prostate cancer, becoming the new standard in certain settings. Terbium-161 (161Tb) has been recently investigated as a potential radionuclide for radiotheranostics in various types of cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The nuclear medicine team at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) in Amman, Jordan, recently published the first-in-human SPECT/CT imaging results following a well-tolerated dose of 161Tb-PSMA radioligand therapy with no treatment-related adverse events, adding to the potential of radiotheranostics in prostate cancer. Two clinical trials for 161Tb-PSMA radioligand therapy in prostate cancer are currently underway and will provide valuable insights. This review will shed light on the expanding field of radiotheranostics in prostate cancer, which is not without challenges, and will discuss how the introduction of a new therapeutic option like 161Tb-PSMA may help to combat these challenges and build on the proven success of 177Lu-PSMA-based radiotheranostics for the benefit of prostate cancer patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al-Ibraheem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), P.O. Box 1269, Al-Jubeiha, Amman, 11941 Jordan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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17
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Favaretto C, Grundler PV, Talip Z, Landolt S, Sepini L, Köster U, Müller C, Schibli R, Geistlich S, van der Meulen NP. 161Tb-DOTATOC Production Using a Fully Automated Disposable Cassette System: A First Step Toward the Introduction of 161Tb into the Clinic. J Nucl Med 2023:jnumed.122.265268. [PMID: 37201956 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
161Tb is an interesting radionuclide for application in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms' small metastases and single cancer cells because of its conversion and Auger-electron emission. Tb has coordination chemistry similar to that of Lu; therefore, like 177Lu, it can stably radiolabel DOTATOC, one of the leading peptides used for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, 161Tb is a recently developed radionuclide that has not yet been specified for clinical use. Therefore, the aim of the current work was to characterize and specify 161Tb and to develop a protocol for the synthesis and quality control of 161Tb-DOTATOC with a fully automated process conforming to good-manufacturing-practice guidelines, in view of its clinical use. Methods: 161Tb, produced by neutron irradiation of 160Gd in high-flux reactors followed by radiochemical separation from its target material, was characterized regarding its radionuclidic purity, chemical purity, endotoxin level, and radiochemical purity (RCP) in analogy to what is described in the European Pharmacopoeia for no-carrier-added 177Lu. In addition, 161Tb was introduced into a fully automated cassette-module synthesis to produce 161Tb-DOTATOC, as used for 177Lu-DOTATOC. The quality and stability of the produced radiopharmaceutical in terms of identity, RCP, and ethanol and endotoxin content were assessed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and an endotoxin test, respectively. Results: 161Tb produced under the described conditions showed, as the no-carrier-added 177Lu, a pH of 1-2, radionuclidic purity and RCP of more than 99.9%, and an endotoxin level below the permitted range (175 IU/mL), indicating its appropriate quality for clinical use. In addition, an efficient and robust procedure for the automated production and quality control of 161Tb-DOTATOC with clinically applicable specifications and activity levels, that is, 1.0-7.4 GBq in 20 mL, was developed. The radiopharmaceutical's quality control was also developed using chromatographic methods, which confirmed the product's stability (RCP ≥ 95%) over 24 h. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that 161Tb has appropriate features for clinical use. The developed synthesis protocol guarantees high yields and safe preparation of injectable 161Tb-DOTATOC. The investigated approach could be translated to other DOTA-derivatized peptides; thus, 161Tb could be successfully applied in clinical practice for radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Landolt
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lebogang Sepini
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corp., Brits, South Africa
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France; and
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Geistlich
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland;
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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18
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Fedotova АО, Aliev RA, Egorova BV, Kormazeva ЕS, Konevega АL, Belyshev SS, Khankin VV, Kuznetsov АА, Kalmykov SN. Photonuclear production of medical radioisotopes 161Tb and 155Tb. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110840. [PMID: 37156063 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The production possibility of 161Tb and 155Tb by irradiating of natural dysprosium with gamma rays obtained by decelerating an electron beam with an energy of 55 MeV has been demonstrated experimentally. The yield of 161Tb was 14.4 × 103 Bq × μA-1 × h-1 × cm2 × gDy2O3-1. Simultaneously, upon irradiation, 155Dy is formed with the yield of 25 × 103 Bq × μA-1 × h-1 × cm2 × gDy2O3-1, which leads to the formation of 1.6 × 103 Bq × μA-1 × h-1 × cm2 × gDy2O3-1 of 155Tb. It has been shown that the isolation of terbium radioisotopes from tens of mg of dysprosium target can be achieved by extraction chromatography, and final separation yield was 39%. The impurity of 160Tb is 7.3% of the 161Tb activity at EOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- А О Fedotova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - R A Aliev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - B V Egorova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Е S Kormazeva
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - А L Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named By B.P.Konstantinov, NRC «Kurchatov Institute», mkr. Orlova roshcha, 1, Gatchina, Leningradskaya oblast, 188300, Russia
| | - S S Belyshev
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V V Khankin
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - А А Kuznetsov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - S N Kalmykov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Akademika Kurchatova Pl., 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
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19
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Wallimann RH, Schindler P, Hensinger H, Tschan VJ, Busslinger SD, Kneuer R, Müller C, Schibli R. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry─A Valid Method for the Characterization of Metal Conjugates in View of the Development of Radiopharmaceuticals. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2150-2158. [PMID: 36826437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the question whether inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can be used as a method for the in vitro and in vivo characterization of non-radioactive metal conjugates to predict the properties of analogous radiopharmaceuticals. In a "proof-of-concept" study, the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting [175Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and [159Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 were compared with their respective radiolabeled analogues, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (PLUVICTO, Novartis) and [161Tb]Tb-PSMA-617. ICP-MS and conventional γ-counting of the cell samples revealed almost identical results (<6% absolute difference between the two technologies) for the in vitro uptake and internalization of the (radio)metal conjugates, irrespective of the employed methodology. In vivo, an equal uptake in PSMA-positive PC-3 PIP tumor xenografts was determined 1 h after the injection of [175Lu]Lu-/[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (41 ± 6% ID/g and 44 ± 12% IA/g, respectively) and [159Tb]Tb-/[161Tb]Tb-PSMA-617 (44 ± 5% ID/g and 44 ± 5% IA/g, respectively). It was further revealed that it is crucial to use the same ratios of the (radio)metal-labeled and unlabeled ligands for both methodologies to obtain equal data in organs in which receptor saturation was reached such as the kidneys (12 ± 2% ID/g vs 10 ± 1% IA/g, 1 h after injection). The data of this study demonstrate that the use of high-sensitivity ICP-MS allows reliable and predictive quantification of compounds labeled with stable metal isotopes in cell and tissue samples obtained in preclinical studies. It can, hence, be employed as a valid alternative to the state-of-the-art γ-counting methodology to detect radioactive ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel H Wallimann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heloïse Hensinger
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viviane J Tschan
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sarah D Busslinger
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kneuer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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20
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McNeil SW, Van de Voorde M, Zhang C, Ooms M, Bénard F, Radchenko V, Yang H. A simple and automated method for 161Tb purification and ICP-MS analysis of 161Tb. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:31. [PMID: 36459299 PMCID: PMC9718904 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 161Tb is a radiolanthanide with the potential to replace 177Lu in targeted radionuclide therapy. 161Tb is produced via the neutron irradiation of [160Gd]Gd2O3 targets, and must be purified from 160Gd and the decay product 161Dy prior to use. Established purification methods require complex conditions or high-pressure ion chromatography (HPIC) which are inconvenient to introduce in a broad user community. This study aims to find a simpler small solid-phase extraction (SPE) column method for 161Tb purification that is more suitable for automation with commercially available systems like TRASIS. RESULTS We first tested the distribution coefficients on TK211 and TK212 resins for the separation of Gd, Tb, and Dy, and subsequently developed a method to separate these metal ions, with an additional TK221 resin to concentrate the final product. A side-by-side comparison of the products purified using this new method with the HPIC method was undertaken, assessing the radionuclidic purity, chemical purity regarding Gd and Dy, and labeling efficiency with a standard chelate (DOTA) and a novel chelate (crown). The two methods have comparable radionuclidic purity and labeling efficiency. The small SPE column method reduced Gd content to nanogram level, although still higher than the HPIC method. An ICP-MS method to quantify 161Tb, 159Tb, 160Gd, and 161Dy was developed with the application of mass-shift by ammonia gas. Last, 161Tb produced from the small SPE column method was used to assess the biodistribution of [161Tb]Tb-crown-αMSH, and the results were comparable to the HPIC produced 161Tb. CONCLUSIONS 161Tb was successfully purified by a semi-automated TRASIS system using a combination of TrisKem extraction resins. The resulting product performed well in radiolabelling and in vivo experiments. However, improvement can be made in the form of further reduction of 160Gd target material in the final product. An ICP-MS method to analyze the radioactive product was developed. Combined with gamma spectroscopy, this method allows the purity of 161Tb being assessed before the decay of the product, providing a useful tool for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W. McNeil
- grid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- grid.8953.70000 0000 9332 3503NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Maarten Ooms
- grid.8953.70000 0000 9332 3503NURA Research Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, 675 West 10th Ave., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- grid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- grid.232474.40000 0001 0705 9791Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3 Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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21
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China’s radiopharmaceuticals on expressway: 2014–2021. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review provides an essential overview on the progress of rapidly-developing China’s radiopharmaceuticals in recent years (2014–2021). Our discussion reflects on efforts to develop potential, preclinical, and in-clinical radiopharmaceuticals including the following areas: (1) brain imaging agents, (2) cardiovascular imaging agents, (3) infection and inflammation imaging agents, (4) tumor radiopharmaceuticals, and (5) boron delivery agents (a class of radiopharmaceutical prodrug) for neutron capture therapy. Especially, the progress in basic research, including new radiolabeling methodology, is highlighted from a standpoint of radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Meanwhile, we briefly reflect on the recent major events related to radiopharmaceuticals along with the distribution of major R&D forces (universities, institutions, facilities, and companies), clinical study status, and national regulatory supports. We conclude with a brief commentary on remaining limitations and emerging opportunities for China’s radiopharmaceuticals.
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22
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Collins S, Gilligan C, Pierson B, Ramirez N, Goodwin M, Pearce A, Archambault B, Haney M, Regan P. Determination of the 161Tb half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 182:110140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Therapeutic efficacy of heterogeneously distributed radiolabelled peptides: Influence of radionuclide choice. Phys Med 2022; 96:90-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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24
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Favaretto C, Grundler P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Braccini S. Cross-section measurement of terbium radioisotopes for an optimized 155Tb production with an 18 MeV medical PET cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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25
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Müller C, Schibli R, Bernhardt P, Köster U, van der Meulen NP. Terbium radionuclides for theranostics. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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26
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van der Meulen NP, Talip Z. Non-conventional radionuclides: The pursuit for perfection. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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27
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Benešová M, Reischl G. Production of radionuclides: Cyclotrons and reactors. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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28
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A High Separation Factor for 165Er from Ho for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247513. [PMID: 34946596 PMCID: PMC8707915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radionuclides emitting Auger electrons (AEs) with low (0.02–50 keV) energy, short (0.0007–40 µm) range, and high (1–10 keV/µm) linear energy transfer may have an important role in the targeted radionuclide therapy of metastatic and disseminated disease. Erbium-165 is a pure AE-emitting radionuclide that is chemically matched to clinical therapeutic radionuclide 177Lu, making it a useful tool for fundamental studies on the biological effects of AEs. This work develops new biomedical cyclotron irradiation and radiochemical isolation methods to produce 165Er suitable for targeted radionuclide therapeutic studies and characterizes a new such agent targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen. Methods: Biomedical cyclotrons proton-irradiated spot-welded Ho(m) targets to produce 165Er, which was isolated via cation exchange chromatography (AG 50W-X8, 200–400 mesh, 20 mL) using alpha-hydroxyisobutyrate (70 mM, pH 4.7) followed by LN2 (20–50 µm, 1.3 mL) and bDGA (50–100 µm, 0.2 mL) extraction chromatography. The purified 165Er was radiolabeled with standard radiometal chelators and used to produce and characterize a new AE-emitting radiopharmaceutical, [165Er]PSMA-617. Results: Irradiation of 80–180 mg natHo targets with 40 µA of 11–12.5 MeV protons produced 165Er at 20–30 MBq·µA−1·h−1. The 4.9 ± 0.7 h radiochemical isolation yielded 165Er in 0.01 M HCl (400 µL) with decay-corrected (DC) yield of 64 ± 2% and a Ho/165Er separation factor of (2.8 ± 1.1) · 105. Radiolabeling experiments synthesized [165Er]PSMA-617 at DC molar activities of 37–130 GBq·µmol−1. Conclusions: A 2 h biomedical cyclotron irradiation and 5 h radiochemical separation produced GBq-scale 165Er suitable for producing radiopharmaceuticals at molar activities satisfactory for investigations of targeted radionuclide therapeutics. This will enable fundamental radiation biology experiments of pure AE-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals such as [165Er]PSMA-617, which will be used to understand the impact of AEs in PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy of prostate cancer.
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Koziorowski J, Ballinger J. Theragnostic radionuclides: a clinical perspective. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2021; 65:306-314. [PMID: 34881851 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.21.03424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The concept of theragnostics goes back to the earliest days of nuclear medicine, with [123I/131I]iodide in thyroid disease and [123I/131I]MIBG in phaeochromocytoma being examples in long-term use. However, in recent years there has been a great expansion in the application of theragnostics, beginning with [68Ga/177Lu]-labelled somatostatin peptides for evaluation and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. We are currently seeing the rapid development of [68Ga/177Lu]PSMA theragnostics in metastatic prostate cancer. While these applications are very promising, there are a number of practicalities which must be addressed in the development and introduction of novel theragnostics. The physical half-lives of the diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides must be appropriate for imaging and delivery of targeted cell killing, respectively. The types of radioactive emissions are critical; beta particles can traverse several millimeters but also risk damaging non-target tissues, while alpha particles deliver their energy over a much shorter path length, a few cell diameters, and must be more directly targeted. It must be practical to produce the therapeutic radionuclide and the final radiopharmaceutical and deliver them to the final user within an appropriate time-frame determined by half-life and stability. The biodistribution of the agent must demonstrate adequate accumulation and retention in the target tissue with clearance from adjacent and/or radio-sensitive normal tissues. The commercial success of recently introduced theragnostics suggests a rosy future for personalized medicine.
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Favaretto C, Talip Z, Borgna F, Grundler PV, Dellepiane G, Sommerhalder A, Zhang H, Schibli R, Braccini S, Müller C, van der Meulen NP. Cyclotron production and radiochemical purification of terbium-155 for SPECT imaging. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:37. [PMID: 34778932 PMCID: PMC8590989 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Terbium-155 [T1/2 = 5.32 d, Eγ = 87 keV (32%) 105 keV (25%)] is an interesting radionuclide suitable for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with potential application in the diagnosis of oncological disease. It shows similar decay characteristics to the clinically established indium-111 and would be a useful substitute for the diagnosis and prospective dosimetry with biomolecules that are afterwards labeled with therapeutic radiolanthanides and pseudo-radiolanthanides, such as lutetium-177 and yttrium-90. Moreover, terbium-155 could form part of the perfect “matched pair” with the therapeutic radionuclide terbium-161, making the concept of true radiotheragnostics a reality. The aim of this study was the investigation of the production of terbium-155 via the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb and 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reactions and its subsequent purification, in order to obtain a final product in quantity and quality sufficient for preclinical application. The 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction was performed with 72 MeV protons (degraded to ~ 23 MeV), while the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb reaction was degraded further to ~ 10 MeV, as well as performed at an 18 MeV medical cyclotron, to demonstrate its feasibility of production. Result The 156Gd(p,2n)155Tb nuclear reaction demonstrated higher production yields of up to 1.7 GBq, however, lower radionuclidic purity when compared to the final product (~ 200 MBq) of the 155Gd(p,n)155Tb nuclear reaction. In particular, other radioisotopes of terbium were produced as side products. The radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material was developed to provide up to 1.0 GBq product in a small volume (~ 1 mL 0.05 M HCl), suitable for radiolabeling purposes. The high chemical purity of terbium-155 was proven by radiolabeling experiments at molar activities up to 100 MBq/nmol. SPECT/CT experiments were performed in tumor-bearing mice using [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC. Conclusion This study demonstrated two possible production routes for high activities of terbium-155 using a cyclotron, indicating that the radionuclide is more accessible than the exclusive mass-separated method previously demonstrated. The developed radiochemical purification of terbium-155 from the target material yielded [155Tb]TbCl3 in high chemical purity. As a result, initial cell uptake investigations, as well as SPECT/CT in vivo studies with [155Tb]Tb-DOTATOC, were successfully performed, indicating that the chemical separation produced a product with suitable quality for preclinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-021-00153-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - F Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - P V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Sommerhalder
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - H Zhang
- Division Large Research Facilities, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory of High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - N P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. .,Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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31
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Borgna F, Haller S, Rodriguez JMM, Ginj M, Grundler PV, Zeevaart JR, Köster U, Schibli R, van der Meulen NP, Müller C. Combination of terbium-161 with somatostatin receptor antagonists-a potential paradigm shift for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1113-1126. [PMID: 34625828 PMCID: PMC8921065 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The β¯-emitting terbium-161 also emits conversion and Auger electrons, which are believed to be effective in killing single cancer cells. Terbium-161 was applied with somatostatin receptor (SSTR) agonists that localize in the cytoplasm (DOTATOC) and cellular nucleus (DOTATOC-NLS) or with a SSTR antagonist that localizes at the cell membrane (DOTA-LM3). The aim was to identify the most favorable peptide/terbium-161 combination for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). METHODS The capability of the 161Tb- and 177Lu-labeled somatostatin (SST) analogues to reduce viability and survival of SSTR-positive AR42J tumor cells was investigated in vitro. The radiopeptides' tissue distribution profiles were assessed in tumor-bearing mice. The efficacy of terbium-161 compared to lutetium-177 was investigated in therapy studies in mice using DOTATOC or DOTA-LM3, respectively. RESULTS In vitro, [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 was 102-fold more potent than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3; however, 161Tb-labeled DOTATOC and DOTATOC-NLS were only 4- to fivefold more effective inhibiting tumor cell viability than their 177Lu-labeled counterparts. This result was confirmed in vivo and demonstrated that [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 was significantly more effective in delaying tumor growth than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3, thereby, prolonging survival of the mice. A therapeutic advantage of terbium-161 over lutetium-177 was also manifest when applied with DOTATOC. Since the nuclear localizing sequence (NLS) compromised the in vivo tissue distribution of DOTATOC-NLS, it was not used for therapy. CONCLUSION The use of membrane-localizing DOTA-LM3 was beneficial and profited from the short-ranged electrons emitted by terbium-161. Based on these preclinical data, [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 may outperform the clinically employed [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC for the treatment of patients with NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Haller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Josep M Monné Rodriguez
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Ginj
- The Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Pelindaba, Brits, 0240, South Africa
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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32
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Baum RP, Singh A, Kulkarni HR, Bernhardt P, Rydén T, Schuchardt C, Gracheva N, Grundler PV, Köster U, Müller D, Pröhl M, Zeevaart JR, Schibli R, van der Meulen NP, Müller C. First-in-Humans Application of 161Tb: A Feasibility Study Using 161Tb-DOTATOC. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1391-1397. [PMID: 33547209 PMCID: PMC8724898 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.258376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
161Tb has decay properties similar to those of 177Lu but, additionally, emits a substantial number of conversion and Auger electrons. The aim of this study was to apply 161Tb in a clinical setting and to investigate the feasibility of visualizing the physiologic and tumor biodistributions of 161Tb-DOTATOC. Methods:161Tb was shipped from Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland, to Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany, where it was used for the radiolabeling of DOTATOC. In 2 separate studies, 596 and 1,300 MBq of 161Tb-DOTATOC were administered to a 35-y-old male patient with a metastatic, well-differentiated, nonfunctional malignant paraganglioma and a 70-y-old male patient with a metastatic, functional neuroendocrine neoplasm of the pancreatic tail, respectively. Whole-body planar γ-scintigraphy images were acquired over a period of several days for dosimetry calculations. SPECT/CT images were reconstructed using a recently established protocol and visually analyzed. Patients were observed for adverse events after the application of 161Tb-DOTATOC. Results: The radiolabeling of DOTATOC with 161Tb was readily achieved with a high radiochemical purity suitable for patient application. Planar images and dosimetry provided the expected time-dependent biodistribution of 161Tb-DOTATOC in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and urinary bladder. SPECT/CT images were of high quality and visualized even small metastases in bones and liver. The application of 161Tb-DOTATOC was well tolerated, and no related adverse events were reported. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of imaging even small metastases after the injection of relatively low activities of 161Tb-DOTATOC using γ-scintigraphy and SPECT/CT. On the basis of this essential first step in translating 161Tb to clinics, further efforts will be directed toward the application of 161Tb for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Baum
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany;
| | - Aviral Singh
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
- GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harshad R Kulkarni
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Peter Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Bioengineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Rydén
- Department of Radiation Physics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Medical Bioengineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christiane Schuchardt
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Precision Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Nadezda Gracheva
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Müller
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Michael Pröhl
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Pelindaba, South Africa
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland;
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Cassells I, Ahenkorah S, Burgoyne AR, Van de Voorde M, Deroose CM, Cardinaels T, Bormans G, Ooms M, Cleeren F. Radiolabeling of Human Serum Albumin With Terbium-161 Using Mild Conditions and Evaluation of in vivo Stability. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675122. [PMID: 34504849 PMCID: PMC8422959 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Terbium has four medically interesting isotopes (149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb and 161Tb) which span the entire radiopharmaceutical space (TRNT, PET and SPECT imaging). Since the same element is used, accessing the various diagnostic or therapeutic properties without changing radiochemical procedures and pharmacokinetic properties is advantageous. The use of (heat-sensitive) biomolecules as vector molecule with high affinity and selectivity for a certain molecular target is promising. However, mild radiolabeling conditions are required to prevent thermal degradation of the biomolecule. Herein, we report the evaluation of potential bifunctional chelators for Tb-labeling of heat-sensitive biomolecules using human serum albumin (HSA) to assess the in vivo stability of the constructs. p-SCN-Bn-CHX-A”-DTPA, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, p-NCS-Bz-DOTA-GA and p-SCN-3p-C-NETA were conjugated to HSA via a lysine coupling method. All HSA-constructs were labeled with [161Tb]TbCl3 at 40°C with radiochemical yields higher than 98%. The radiolabeled constructs were stable in human serum up to 24 h at 37°C. 161Tb-HSA-constructs were injected in mice to evaluate their in vivo stability. Increasing bone accumulation as a function of time was observed for [161Tb]TbCl3 and [161Tb]Tb-DTPA-CHX-A”-Bn-HSA, while negligible bone uptake was observed with the DOTA, DOTA-GA and NETA variants over a 7-day period. The results indicate that the p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, p-NCS-Bz-DOTA-GA and p-SCN-3p-C-NETA are suitable bifunctional ligands for Tb-based radiopharmaceuticals, allowing for high yield radiolabeling in mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin Cassells
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Stephen Ahenkorah
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Andrew R Burgoyne
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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El Fakiri M, Geis NM, Ayada N, Eder M, Eder AC. PSMA-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals for Prostate Cancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163967. [PMID: 34439121 PMCID: PMC8393521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men is adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Once the disease is metastatic, only very limited treatment options are available, resulting in a very short median survival time of 13 months; however, this reality is gradually changing due to the discovery of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a protein that is present in cancerous prostate tissue. Researchers have developed pharmaceuticals specific for PSMA, ranging from antibodies (mAb) to low-molecular weight molecules coupled to beta minus and alpha-emitting radionuclides for their use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). TRT offers the possibility of selectively removing cancer tissue via the emission of radiation or radioactive particles within the tumour. In this article, the major milestones in PSMA ligand research and the therapeutic developments are summarised, together with a future perspective on the enhancement of current therapeutic approaches. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, with 1.3 million yearly cases worldwide. Among those cancer-afflicted men, 30% will develop metastases and some will progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is associated with a poor prognosis and median survival time that ranges from nine to 13 months. Nevertheless, the discovery of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a marker overexpressed in the majority of prostatic cancerous tissue, revolutionised PC care. Ever since, PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy has gained remarkable international visibility in translational oncology. Furthermore, on first clinical application, it has shown significant influence on therapeutic management and patient care in metastatic and hormone-refractory prostate cancer, a disease that previously had remained immedicable. In this article, we provide a general overview of the main milestones in the development of ligands for PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy, ranging from the firstly developed monoclonal antibodies to the current state-of-the-art low molecular weight entities conjugated with various radionuclides, as well as potential future efforts related to PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fakiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas M. Geis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nawal Ayada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-74220
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (M.E.F.); (N.M.G.); (N.A.); (A.-C.E.)
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Van de Voorde M, Duchemin C, Heinke R, Lambert L, Chevallay E, Schneider T, Van Stenis M, Cocolios TE, Cardinaels T, Ponsard B, Ooms M, Stora T, Burgoyne AR. Production of Sm-153 With Very High Specific Activity for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675221. [PMID: 34350194 PMCID: PMC8326506 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Samarium-153 (153Sm) is a highly interesting radionuclide within the field of targeted radionuclide therapy because of its favorable decay characteristics. 153Sm has a half-life of 1.93 d and decays into a stable daughter nuclide (153Eu) whereupon β- particles [E = 705 keV (30%), 635 keV (50%)] are emitted which are suitable for therapy. 153Sm also emits γ photons [103 keV (28%)] allowing for SPECT imaging, which is of value in theranostics. However, the full potential of 153Sm in nuclear medicine is currently not being exploited because of the radionuclide's limited specific activity due to its carrier added production route. In this work a new production method was developed to produce 153Sm with higher specific activity, allowing for its potential use in targeted radionuclide therapy. 153Sm was efficiently produced via neutron irradiation of a highly enriched 152Sm target (98.7% enriched, σth = 206 b) in the BR2 reactor at SCK CEN. Irradiated target materials were shipped to CERN-MEDICIS, where 153Sm was isolated from the 152Sm target via mass separation (MS) in combination with laser resonance enhanced ionization to drastically increase the specific activity. The specific activity obtained was 1.87 TBq/mg (≈ 265 times higher after the end of irradiation in BR2 + cooling). An overall mass separation efficiency of 4.5% was reached on average for all mass separations. Further radiochemical purification steps were developed at SCK CEN to recover the 153Sm from the MS target to yield a solution ready for radiolabeling. Each step of the radiochemical process was fully analyzed and characterized for further optimization resulting in a high efficiency (overall recovery: 84%). The obtained high specific activity (HSA) 153Sm was then used in radiolabeling experiments with different concentrations of 4-isothiocyanatobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-DOTA). Even at low concentrations of p-SCN-Bn-DOTA, radiolabeling of 0.5 MBq of HSA 153Sm was found to be efficient. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrated the potential to combine neutron irradiation with mass separation to supply high specific activity 153Sm. Using this process, 153SmCl3 suitable for radiolabeling, was produced with a very high specific activity allowing application of 153Sm in targeted radionuclide therapy. Further studies to incorporate 153Sm in radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radionuclide therapy are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Van de Voorde
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Duchemin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, MEDICIS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Heinke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, MEDICIS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lambert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, MEDICIS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chevallay
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, MEDICIS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, Thin Film Lab, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miranda Van Stenis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, Thin Film Lab, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Elias Cocolios
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Cardinaels
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ponsard
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
| | - Thierry Stora
- European Organization for Nuclear Research, MEDICIS, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew R. Burgoyne
- Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Mol, Belgium
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Juget F, Talip Z, Buchillier T, Durán MT, Nedjadi Y, Desorgher L, Bochud F, Grundler P, van der Meulen NP, Bailat C. Determination of the gamma and X-ray emission intensities of terbium-161. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109770. [PMID: 34051529 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the gamma and X-ray emission intensities of 161Tb were determined using a high-purity germanium spectrometer. The samples used were previously standardised by coincidence counting and Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) methods. A total of 28 gamma-rays and 4 X-rays were measured and compared with previous measurements performed more than 30 years ago. Most of the lines are in agreement, while large discrepancies are observed for 5 lines. The uncertainties have been dramatically decreased with respect to previous measurements giving a better knowledge of the 161 Tb day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Duchemin C, Cocolios TE, Dockx K, Farooq-Smith GJ, Felden O, Formento-Cavaier R, Gebel R, Köster U, Neumaier B, Scholten B, Spahn I, Spellerberg S, Stamati ME, Stegemann S, Verhoeven H. Production Cross-Section Measurements for Terbium Radionuclides of Medical Interest Produced in Tantalum Targets Irradiated by 0.3 to 1.7 GeV Protons and Corresponding Thick Target Yield Calculations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:625561. [PMID: 34055823 PMCID: PMC8149945 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.625561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the production cross-sections of Ce, Tb and Dy radionuclides produced by 300 MeV to 1.7 GeV proton-induced spallation reactions in thin tantalum targets as well as the related Thick Target production Yield (TTY) values and ratios. The motivation is to optimise the production of terbium radionuclides for medical applications and to find out at which energy the purity of the collection by mass separation would be highest. For that purpose, activation experiments were performed using the COSY synchrotron at FZ Jülich utilising the stacked-foils technique and γ spectrometry with high-purity germanium detectors. The Al-27(p,x)Na-24 reaction has been used as monitor reaction. All experimental data have been systematically compared with the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Duchemin
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium.,European Organization for Nuclear Research, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas E Cocolios
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Dockx
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gregory J Farooq-Smith
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olaf Felden
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Gebel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ingo Spahn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Maria E Stamati
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Simon Stegemann
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Verhoeven
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Leuven, Belgium
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Dosimetric Analysis of the Short-Ranged Particle Emitter 161Tb for Radionuclide Therapy of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092011. [PMID: 33921956 PMCID: PMC8122331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A tremendous effort and rapid development of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radio ligands for radionuclide therapy has resulted in encouraging response rates for advanced prostate cancer. Different radionuclides have been utilized or suggested as suitable candidates. In this study, a dynamic model of metastatic progress was developed and utilized to estimate a radiopharmaceutical’s potential of obtaining metastatic control of advanced prostate cancer. The simulations performed demonstrated the advantage of utilizing radionuclides with short-range particle emission, i.e., alpha-emitters and low-energy electrons. The recently-proposed beta-emitting radionuclide terbium-161 demonstrates great potential of being a future candidate towards targeted radionuclide therapy of advanced prostate cancer. This is in line with recent encouraging preclinical results and development of upscaling the product quality. Recently, the first in-human application with a [161Tb]Tb-DOTATOC also demonstrated good SPECT image quality, which can enable dosimetry calculations for new 161Tb-based radiopharmaceuticals. Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the required absorbed doses to detectable metastases (Dreq) when using radionuclides with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radioligands to achieve a high probability for metastatic control. The Monte Carlo based analysis was performed for the clinically-used radionuclides yttrium-90, iodine-131, lutetium-177, and actinium-225, and the newly-proposed low-energy electron emitter terbium-161. It was demonstrated that metastatic formation rate highly influenced the metastatic distribution. Lower values generated few large detectable metastases, as in the case with oligo metastases, while high values generated a distribution of multiple small detectable metastases, as observed in patients with diffused visualized metastases. With equal number of detectable metastases, the total metastatic volume burden was 4–6 times higher in the oligo metastatic scenario compared to the diffusely visualized scenario. The Dreq was around 30% higher for the situations with 20 detectable metastases compared to one detectable metastasis. The Dreq for iodine-131 and yttrium-90 was high (920–3300 Gy). The Dreq for lutetium-177 was between 560 and 780 Gy and considerably lower Dreq were obtained for actinium-225 and terbium-161, with 240–330 Gy and 210–280 Gy, respectively. In conclusion, the simulations demonstrated that terbium-161 has the potential for being a more effective targeted radionuclide therapy for metastases using PSMA ligands.
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Simultaneous Visualization of 161Tb- and 177Lu-Labeled Somatostatin Analogues Using Dual-Isotope SPECT Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040536. [PMID: 33921467 PMCID: PMC8070648 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The decay of terbium-161 results in the emission of β¯-particles as well as conversion and Auger electrons, which makes terbium-161 interesting for therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to use dual-isotope SPECT imaging in order to demonstrate visually that terbium-161 and lutetium-177 are interchangeable without compromising the pharmacokinetic profile of the radiopharmaceutical. The 161Tb- and 177Lu-labeled somatostatin (SST) analogues DOTATOC (agonist) and DOTA-LM3 (antagonist) were tested in vitro to demonstrate equal properties regarding distribution coefficients and cell uptake into SST receptor-positive AR42J tumor cells. The radiopeptides were further investigated in AR42J tumor-bearing nude mice using the method of dual-isotope (terbium-161/lutetium-177) SPECT/CT imaging to enable the visualization of their distribution profiles in the same animal. Equal pharmacokinetic profiles were demonstrated for either of the two peptides, irrespective of whether it was labeled with terbium-161 or lutetium-177. Moreover, the visualization of the sub-organ distribution confirmed similar behavior of 161Tb- and 177Lu-labeled SST analogues. The data were verified in quantitative biodistribution studies using either type of peptide labeled with terbium-161 or lutetium-177. While the radionuclide did not have an impact on the organ distribution, this study confirmed previous data of a considerably higher tumor uptake of radiolabeled DOTA-LM3 as compared to the radiolabeled DOTATOC.
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Nedjadi Y, Juget F, Desorgher L, Durán MT, Bochud F, Müller C, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Bailat C. Activity standardisation of 161Tb. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109411. [PMID: 32961523 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
161Tb, which emits low-energy β-- and γ-particles in addition to conversion and Auger electrons, has aroused increased interest for medical imaging and therapy. To support the use of this radionuclide, a161Tb solution was standardised using the β-γ coincidence technique, as well as the TDCR method. The solution had 4.5·10-3% of 160Tb impurities. Primary coincidence measurements, with plastic or liquid scintillators for beta detection, were carried out using both analogue and digital electronics. TDCR measurements using defocusing, grey filtering and quenching for varying the efficiency were also made. Monte Carlo calculations were used to compute the detection efficiency. The coincidence measurements with analogue electronics and the TDCR show a good consistency, and are compatible with the digital coincidence results within uncertainties. An ampoule of this solution was submitted to the BIPM as a contribution to the international reference system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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Basu S, Parghane RV, Kamaldeep, Chakrabarty S. Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:447-464. [PMID: 32768008 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), over the years, has evolved as an important modality in the therapeutic armamentarium of advanced, metastatic or inoperable, progressive Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs). This review deliberates on the basic understanding and applied clinical aspects of PRRT in NENs, with special reference to (1) tumor biology and receptor characteristics, (2) molecular PET-CT imaging (in particular the invaluable role of dual-tracer PET with [68Ga]-DOTA-TATE/NOC and [18F]-FDG for exploring tumor biology in continuum and individualizing treatment decision making) and NEN theranostics, (3) relevant radiochemistry of different therapeutic radionuclides (both beta emitting 177Lu-DOTATATE and 90Y-DOTATATE and alpha emitting 225Ac-DOTATATE), and (4) related dosimetric considerations. Successful clinical management of the NENs would require multifactorial considerations, and all the aforementioned points pertaining to the disease process and available logistics are key considerations for state-of-the-art clinical practice and delivering personalized care in this group of patients. Emphasis has been placed on relatively intriguing areas such as (1) NET grade 3 of WHO 2017 classification (ie, Ki-67>20% but well-differentiation features), (2) "Neoadjuvant PRRT," (3) combining chemotherapy and PRRT, (4) 'Sandwich Chemo-PRRT', (5) duo-PRRT and tandem PRRT, (6) resistant functioning disease with nuances in clinical management and how one can advocate PRRT rationally in such clinical settings and individualize the management in a patient specific manner. Relevant clinical management issues related to some difficult case scenarios, which the Nuclear Medicine attending physician should be aware of to run an efficient clinical PRRT services, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rahul V Parghane
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kamaldeep
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai, India
| | - Sudipta Chakrabarty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Radiochemicals Section, Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai, India
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Nizou G, Favaretto C, Borgna F, Grundler PV, Saffon-Merceron N, Platas-Iglesias C, Fougère O, Rousseaux O, van der Meulen NP, Müller C, Beyler M, Tripier R. Expanding the Scope of Pyclen-Picolinate Lanthanide Chelates to Potential Theranostic Applications. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11736-11748. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Nizou
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Borgna
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V. Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Service commun Rayons X ICT-FR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment 2R1, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias & Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olivier Fougère
- Guerbet group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG, Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Rousseaux
- Guerbet group, Centre de Recherche d’Aulnay-sous-Bois, BP 57400, 95943 Roissy CdG, Cedex, France
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maryline Beyler
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, CS93837, 29200 Brest, France
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Establishment of a clinical SPECT/CT protocol for imaging of 161Tb. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:45. [PMID: 32613587 PMCID: PMC7329978 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been proposed, and preclinically demonstrated, that 161Tb is a better alternative to 177Lu for the treatment of small prostate cancer lesions due to its high emission of low-energy electrons. 161Tb also emits photons suitable for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This study aims to establish a SPECT protocol for 161Tb imaging in the clinic. Materials and methods Optimal settings using various γ-camera collimators and energy windows were explored by imaging a Jaszczak phantom, including hollow-sphere inserts, filled with 161Tb. The collimators examined were extended low-energy general purpose (ELEGP), medium-energy general purpose (MEGP), and low-energy high resolution (LEHR), respectively. In addition, three ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithms were investigated: attenuation-corrected OSEM (A-OSEM); attenuation and dual- or triple-energy window scatter-corrected OSEM (AS-OSEM); and attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector response-corrected OSEM (ASC-OSEM), where the latter utilized Monte Carlo-based reconstruction. Uniformity corrections, using intrinsic and extrinsic correction maps, were also investigated. Image quality was assessed by estimated recovery coefficients (RC), noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Sensitivity was determined using a circular flat phantom. Results The best RC and SNR were obtained at an energy window between 67.1 and 82.1 keV. Ring artifacts, caused by non-uniformity, were removed with extrinsic uniformity correction for the energy window between 67.1 and 82.1 keV, but not with intrinsic correction. Analyzing the lower energy window between 48.9 and 62.9 keV, the ring artifacts remained after uniformity corrections. The recovery was similar for the different collimators when using a specific OSEM reconstruction. Recovery and SNR were highest for ASC-OSEM, followed by AS-OSEM and A-OSEM. When using the optimized parameter setting, the resolution of 161Tb was higher than for 177Lu (8.4 ± 0.7 vs. 10.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively). The sensitivities for 161Tb and 177Lu were 7.41 and 8.46 cps/MBq, respectively. Conclusion SPECT with high resolution is feasible with 161Tb; however, extrinsic uniformity correction is recommended to avoid ring artifacts. The LEHR collimator was the best choice of the three tested to obtain a high-resolution image. Due to the complex emission spectrum of low-energy photons, window-based scatter correction had a minor impact on the image quality compared to using attenuation correction only. On the other hand, performing attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector correction clearly improved image quality. Based on these data, SPECT-based dosimetry for 161Tb-labeled radiopharmaceuticals is feasible.
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Alcocer-Ávila ME, Ferreira A, Quinto MA, Morgat C, Hindié E, Champion C. Radiation doses from 161Tb and 177Lu in single tumour cells and micrometastases. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:33. [PMID: 32430671 PMCID: PMC7237560 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining importance. For TRT to be also used as adjuvant therapy or for treating minimal residual disease, there is a need to increase the radiation dose to small tumours. The aim of this in silico study was to compare the performances of 161Tb (a medium-energy β− emitter with additional Auger and conversion electron emissions) and 177Lu for irradiating single tumour cells and micrometastases, with various distributions of the radionuclide. Methods We used the Monte Carlo track-structure (MCTS) code CELLDOSE to compute the radiation doses delivered by 161Tb and 177Lu to single cells (14 μm cell diameter with 10 μm nucleus diameter) and to a tumour cluster consisting of a central cell surrounded by two layers of cells (18 neighbours). We focused the analysis on the absorbed dose to the nucleus of the single tumoral cell and to the nuclei of the cells in the cluster. For both radionuclides, the simulations were run assuming that 1 MeV was released per μm3 (1436 MeV/cell). We considered various distributions of the radionuclides: either at the cell surface, intracytoplasmic or intranuclear. Results For the single cell, the dose to the nucleus was substantially higher with 161Tb compared to 177Lu, regardless of the radionuclide distribution: 5.0 Gy vs. 1.9 Gy in the case of cell surface distribution; 8.3 Gy vs. 3.0 Gy for intracytoplasmic distribution; and 38.6 Gy vs. 10.7 Gy for intranuclear location. With the addition of the neighbouring cells, the radiation doses increased, but remained consistently higher for 161Tb compared to 177Lu. For example, the dose to the nucleus of the central cell of the cluster was 15.1 Gy for 161Tb and 7.2 Gy for 177Lu in the case of cell surface distribution of the radionuclide, 17.9 Gy for 161Tb and 8.3 Gy for 177Lu for intracytoplasmic distribution and 47.8 Gy for 161Tb and 15.7 Gy for 177Lu in the case of intranuclear location. Conclusion 161Tb should be a better candidate than 177Lu for irradiating single tumour cells and micrometastases, regardless of the radionuclide distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Alcocer-Ávila
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Aymeric Ferreira
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1J 2G3, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele A Quinto
- Instituto de Física Rosario, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, S2000 EKF, Argentina
| | - Clément Morgat
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Elif Hindié
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, 33604, France.
| | - Christophe Champion
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, Talence, F-33400, France.
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Gracheva N, Carzaniga TS, Schibli R, Braccini S, van der Meulen NP. 165Er: A new candidate for Auger electron therapy and its possible cyclotron production from natural holmium targets. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jakobsson U, Mäkilä E, Rahikkala A, Imlimthan S, Lampuoti J, Ranjan S, Heino J, Jalkanen P, Köster U, Mizohata K, Santos HA, Salonen J, Airaksinen AJ, Sarparanta M, Helariutta K. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of red blood cell membrane coated porous silicon nanoparticles implanted with 155Tb. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 84-85:102-110. [PMID: 32334356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles are capable of delivering therapeutic payloads providing targeted delivery and sustained release of the payloads. In this work we describe the development and proof-of-concept in vivo evaluation of thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles that are implanted with radioactive 155Tb atoms and coated with red blood cell (RBC) membrane (155Tb-THCPSi). The developed nanocomposites can be utilized as an intravenous delivery platform for theranostic radionuclides. METHODS THCPSi thin films were implanted with 155Dy ions that decay to 155Tb at the ISOLDE radioactive ion-beam (RIB) facility at CERN. The films were processed to nanoparticles by ball-milling and sonication, and subsequently coated with either a solid lipid and RBC membrane or solely with RBC membrane. The nanocomposites were evaluated in vitro for stability and in vivo for circulation half-life and ex vivo for biodistribution in Balb/c mice. RESULTS Nanoporous THCPSi films were successfully implanted with 155Tb and processed to coated nanoparticles. The in vitro stability of the particles in plasma and buffer solutions was not significantly different between the particle types, and therefore the RBC membrane coated particles with less laborious processing method were chosen for the biological evaluation. The RBC membrane coating enhanced significantly the blood half-life compared to bare THCPSi particles. In the ex vivo biodistribution study a pronounced accumulation to the spleen was found, with lower uptake in the liver and a minor uptake in the lung, gall bladder and bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated, using 155Tb RIB-implanted PSi nanoparticles coated with mouse RBC membranes, the feasibility of using such a theranostic nanosystem for the delivery of RIB based radionuclides with prolonged circulation time. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE For the first time, the RIB implantation technique has been utilized to produce PSi nanoparticle with a surface modified for better persistence in circulation. When optimized, these particles could be used in targeted radionuclide therapy with a combination of chemotherapeutic payload within the PSi structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Jakobsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Rahikkala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Sanjeev Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Heino
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | - Kerttuli Helariutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Talip Z, Favaretto C, Geistlich S, van der Meulen NP. A Step-by-Step Guide for the Novel Radiometal Production for Medical Applications: Case Studies with 68Ga, 44Sc, 177Lu and 161Tb. Molecules 2020; 25:E966. [PMID: 32093425 PMCID: PMC7070971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of novel radionuclides is the first step towards the development of new effective radiopharmaceuticals, and the quality thereof directly affects the preclinical and clinical phases. In this review, novel radiometal production for medical applications is briefly elucidated. The production status of the imaging nuclide 44Sc and the therapeutic β--emitter nuclide 161Tb are compared to their more established counterparts, 68Ga and 177Lu according to their targetry, irradiation process, radiochemistry, and quality control aspects. The detailed discussion of these significant issues will help towards the future introduction of these promising radionuclides into drug manufacture for clinical application under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Geistlich
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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Durán MT, Juget F, Nedjadi Y, Bochud F, Grundler PV, Gracheva N, Müller C, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Bailat C. Determination of 161Tb half-life by three measurement methods. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109085. [PMID: 32250758 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The radiolanthanide 161Tb is being studied as an alternative to 177Lu for targeted radionuclide tumor therapy. Both β--particle emitters show similar chemical behavior and decay characteristics, but 161Tb delivers additional conversion and Auger electron emissions that may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the half-life of 161Tb was determined by a combination of three independent measurement systems: reference ionization chamber (CIR, chambre d'ionization de référence), portable ionization chamber (TCIR) and a CeBr3 γ-emission detector with digital electronics. The half-life determined for 161Tb is 6.953(2) days, showing a significant improvement in the uncertainty, which is one order of magnitude lower, with a deviation of 0.91% from the last nuclear data reference value. The previous large uncertainty of the half-life had a direct impact on activity measurements. Now it is no more an obstacle to a primary standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nadezda Gracheva
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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