1
|
Ureiro-Cueto G, Rodil SE, Silva-Bermúdez P, Santana-Vázquez M, Hoz-Rodríguez L, Arzate H, Montoya-Ayala G. Amorphous titanium oxide (aTiO 2) thin films biofunctionalized with CAP-p15 induce mineralized-like differentiation of human oral mucosal stem cells (hOMSCs). Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055003. [PMID: 38917837 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5bab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient osseointegration of titanium-based implants is a factor conditioning their long-term success. Therefore, different surface modifications, such as multifunctional oxide coatings, calcium phosphates, and the addition of molecules such as peptides, have been developed to improve the bioactivity of titanium-based biomaterials. In this work, we investigate the behavior of human oral mucosal stem cells (hOMSCs) cultured on amorphous titanium oxide (aTiO2), surfaces designed to simulate titanium (Ti) surfaces, biofunctionalized with a novel sequence derived from cementum attachment protein (CAP-p15), exploring its impact on guiding hOMSCs towards an osteogenic phenotype. We carried out cell attachment and viability assays. Next, hOMSCs differentiation was assessed by red alizarin stain, ALP activity, and western blot analysis by evaluating the expression of RUNX2, BSP, BMP2, and OCN at the protein level. Our results showed that functionalized surfaces with CAP-p15 (1 µg ml-1) displayed a synergistic effect increasing cell proliferation and cell attachment, ALP activity, and expression of osteogenic-related markers. These data demonstrate that CAP-p15 and its interaction with aTiO2surfaces promote osteoblastic differentiation and enhanced mineralization of hOMSCs when compared to pristine samples. Therefore, CAP-p15 shows the potential to be used as a therapeutical molecule capable of inducing mineralized tissue regeneration onto titanium-based implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Ureiro-Cueto
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Sandra E Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Phaedra Silva-Bermúdez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico
| | - Maricela Santana-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Lia Hoz-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Higinio Arzate
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Montoya-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu X, Ge J, Xie H, Qian J, Xia W, Wang Q, Zhou X, Zhou Y. MiR-483-3p promotes dental pulp stem cells osteogenic differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting ARRB2. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00929-9. [PMID: 38833209 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have become an important component for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into osteoblast precursors. Two miRNA chip datasets (GSE138180 and E-MTAB-3077) of DPSCs osteogenic differentiation were analyzed respectively to find the expression of miR-483-3p significantly increased in the differentiated groups. We further confirmed that miR-483-3p continued to overexpress during osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs, especially reaching its peak on the 7th day. Moreover, miR-483-3p could significantly promote the expression of osteogenic markers including RUNX2 and OSX, and activate MAPK signaling pathway by inducing phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK. In addition, as a significant gene within the MAPK signaling pathway, ARRB2 was identified as the target gene of miR-483-3p by bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification. In conclusion, we identified miR-483-3p could promote osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs via the MAPK signaling pathway by targeting ARRB2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Orthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, 36 South Yuelong Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Juan Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Orthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, 36 South Yuelong Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jialu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenqian Xia
- Department of Orthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, 36 South Yuelong Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, 36 South Yuelong Road, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang SY, Chen RS, Chang JYF, Chen MH. The temporospatial relationship between mouse dental pulp stem cells and tooth innervation. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1075-1082. [PMID: 38618089 PMCID: PMC11010667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) exhibit versatile differentiation capabilities, including neural differentiation, prompting the hypothesis that they may be implicated in the neurodevelopment of teeth. This study aimed to explore the temporospatial dynamics between DPSCs and tooth innervation, employing immunofluorescence staining and fluorescent dye injections to investigate the distribution of DPSCs, neural stem cells (NSCs), nerve growth cones, and sensory nerves in developing mouse tooth germs at various stages. Materials and methods Immunofluorescence staining targeting CD146, Nestin, and GAP-43, along with the injection of AM1-43 fluorescent dye, were utilized to observe the distribution of DPSCs, NSCs, nerve growth cones, and sensory nerves in mouse tooth germs at different developmental stages. Results Positive CD146 immunostaining was observed in microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes within and around the tooth germ. The percentage of CD146-positive cells remained consistent between 4-day-old and 8-day-old second molar tooth germs. Conversely, Nestin expression in odontoblasts and their processes decreased in 8-day-old tooth germs compared to 4-day-old ones. Positive immunostaining for GAP-43 and AM1-43 fluorescence revealed the entry of nerve growth cones and sensory nerves into the pulp in 8-day-old tooth germs, while these elements were confined to the dental follicle in 4-day-old germs. No co-localization of CD146-positive DPSCs with nerve growth cones and sensory nerves was observed. Conclusion DPSCs and NSCs were present in dental pulp tissue before nerves penetrated the pulp. The decline in NSCs after nerve entry suggests a potential role for DPSCs and NSCs in attracting neural growth and/or differentiation within the pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Shu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Yu Fong Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deszcz I. Stem Cell-Based Therapy and Cell-Free Therapy as an Alternative Approach for Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2729377. [PMID: 37954462 PMCID: PMC10635745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent 32% of all global deaths. The ineffectiveness of conventional therapies in CVDs encourages the development of novel, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies for the healing and regeneration of damaged tissue. The self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, lack of immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising option for CVDs. However, growing evidence suggests that myocardial regeneration occurs through paracrine factors and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, rather than through differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Research shows that stem cells secrete or surface-shed into their culture media various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and EVs, which constitute an MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome. The use of MSC-CM enhances cardiac repair through resident heart cell differentiation, proliferation, scar mass reduction, a decrease in infarct wall thickness, and cardiac function improvement comparable to MSCs without their side effects. This review highlights the limitations and benefits of therapies based on stem cells and their secretome as an innovative treatment of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Deszcz
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun H, Meng S, Xu Z, Cai H, Pei X, Wan Q, Chen J. Vascular and lymphatic heterogeneity and age-related variations of dental pulps. J Dent 2023; 138:104695. [PMID: 37714450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental pulp tissue is highly vascularized. However, age-related vascular changes of the dental pulp in mice and humans remain poorly understood. We modified a novel tissue clearing method, mapped the vasculature, pericytes, and perivascular matrix in the dental pulp via high-resolution 3D imaging. METHODS We isolated young and aged pulps from mouse teeth, and mapped vasculature through a high-resolution thick frozen sections imaging method and a modified tissue clearing method. Human dental pulps were also mapped for vasculature studying. Furthermore, young and aged human dental pulps were collected and were compared with mouse pulps through RNA- sequencing. RESULTS Five vascular subtypes of blood vessels were found in the mouse dental pulp, which constituted the arterioles-capillaries-venules network. The density of capillaries and venules of molars declined obviously in aged mice. Among the age-dependent changes in the perivascular pulp matrix, the perivascular macrophages remarkably increased, lymphatic capillaries increased, while the nerves and extracellular matrix remained unchanged. Furthermore, the vascular patterns of human formed a complex vascular network. Both mouse and human dental pulps exhibited an inflammaging state. TNF pathway and Rap1 pathway might become promising targets for combating inflammaging and promoting angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Five subtypes of blood vessels were identified within the dental pulp of mice. Notably, the density of capillaries and venules in pulps of aged mice was reduced. Furthermore, partial similarities were observed in the vascular patterns between the dental pulps of humans and mice. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that both mouse and human dental pulps exhibit indications of an inflammaging state. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study may contribute to unraveling potential therapeutic targets in the pulp regeneration and treatment of relevant diseases in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhuai Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xibo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianbing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alarcón-Apablaza J, Prieto R, Rojas M, Fuentes R. Potential of Oral Cavity Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: A Scoping Review. Cells 2023; 12:1392. [PMID: 37408226 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss is a common problem that ranges from small defects to large defects after trauma, surgery, or congenital malformations. The oral cavity is a rich source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Researchers have documented their isolation and studied their osteogenic potential. Therefore, the objective of this review was to analyze and compare the potential of MSCs from the oral cavity for use in bone regeneration. METHODS A scoping review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The databases reviewed were PubMed, SCOPUS, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Web of Science. Studies using stem cells from the oral cavity to promote bone regeneration were included. RESULTS A total of 726 studies were found, of which 27 were selected. The MSCs used to repair bone defects were (I) dental pulp stem cells of permanent teeth, (II) stem cells derived from inflamed dental pulp, (III) stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, (IV) periodontal ligament stem cells, (V) cultured autogenous periosteal cells, (VI) buccal fat pad-derived cells, and (VII) autologous bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells associate with scaffolds to facilitate insertion into the bone defect and to enhance bone regeneration. The biological risk and morbidity of the MSC-grafted site were minimal. Successful bone formation after MSC grafting has been shown for small defects with stem cells from the periodontal ligament and dental pulp as well as larger defects with stem cells from the periosteum, bone, and buccal fat pad. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells of maxillofacial origin are a promising alternative to treat small and large craniofacial bone defects; however, an additional scaffold complement is required for stem cell delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Alarcón-Apablaza
- Research Centre in Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Ruth Prieto
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Mariana Rojas
- Comparative Embryology Laboratory, Program of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ramón Fuentes
- Research Centre in Dental Sciences (CICO-UFRO), Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biomineralization-inspired mineralized hydrogel promotes the repair and regeneration of dentin/bone hard tissue. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:11. [PMID: 36841873 PMCID: PMC9968336 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial hard tissue defects caused by trauma or infection often affect craniofacial function. Taking the natural hard tissue structure as a template, constructing an engineered tissue repair module is an important scheme to realize the functional regeneration and repair of maxillofacial hard tissue. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process, we constructed a composite mineral matrix hydrogel PAA-CMC-TDM containing amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs), polyacrylic acid (PAA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and dentin matrix (TDM). The dynamic network composed of Ca2+·COO- coordination and ACPs made the hydrogel loaded with TDM, and exhibited self-repairing ability and injectability. The mechanical properties of PAA-CMC-TDM can be regulated, but the functional activity of TDM remains unaffected. Cytological studies and animal models of hard tissue defects show that the hydrogel can promote the odontogenesis or osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, adapt to irregular hard tissue defects, and promote in situ regeneration of defective tooth and bone tissues. In summary, this paper shows that the injectable TDM hydrogel based on biomimetic mineralization theory can induce hard tissue formation and promote dentin/bone regeneration.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kanakaraj M, Chinnannan M, Nagarathinam AE, Rangarajan RV, Devadas AG, Jeyaraman M. Osseous Tissue Engineering in the Management of Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis - An Evaluative Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2023; 13:19-25. [PMID: 37711534 PMCID: PMC10499288 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_164_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoradionecrosis (ORN), a non-infectious, necrotic condition of the bone, occurs as a major complication of radiotherapy to the irradiated site. Simple irrigation of the involved bone to partial or complete resection of the involved bones is being employed in its conventional management. Osseous tissue engineering (OTE) provides a new strategy by regenerating bone cells along with biocompatible scaffolds and micromolecules to produce an engineered osseous tissue. Materials and Methods In this study, mandibular ORN following radiation secondary to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was included. OTE with composite engineered tissue containing a mixture of autologous culture expanded dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), autologous uncultured bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC) and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) loaded in β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or hydroxyapatite (HA) sponge scaffold was used in the mandibular defect and the surrounding tissues. An assessment of clinical, radiological and functional attributes was done. Results A total of six cases with a mean age of 58.6 years were included in the study. We noted significant improvement in the mean post-operative score for pain and mouth opening; functional improvement in eating solid/liquid food, tongue movement, speech and deglutition were observed. The aesthetics was measured with Vancouver score and revealed a significance at P < 0.05; also lip competency and occlusion were noted in all the patients. No major complications were noticed until a mean follow-up of 28 months. Discussion Tissue engineering with a regenerative cocktail of autologous culture expanded DPSCs, autologous uncultured BMAC and autologous PRP loaded in HA or β-TCP utilised in the surgical reconstruction of the mandible is an effective treatment modality in the management of mandibular ORN following irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manimaran Kanakaraj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KSR Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tiruchengode, India
| | - Marudhamani Chinnannan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, KSR Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tiruchengode, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Samiei M, Abdolahinia ED, Fathi M, Barar J, Omidi Y. Chitosan-based bioactive hydrogels for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Choi B, Kim JE, Park SO, Kim EY, Oh S, Choi H, Yoon D, Min HJ, Kim HR, Chang EJ. Sphingosine-1-phosphate hinders the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in association with AKT signaling pathways. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:21. [PMID: 35459199 PMCID: PMC9033766 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important lipid mediator that regulates a diverse range of intracellular cell signaling pathways that are relevant to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the precise function of S1P in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and its osteogenic differentiation remains unclear. We here investigated the function of S1P/S1P receptor (S1PR)-mediated cellular signaling in the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and clarified the fundamental signaling pathway. Our results showed that S1P-treated DPSCs exhibited a low rate of differentiation toward the osteogenic phenotype in association with a marked reduction in osteogenesis-related gene expression and AKT activation. Of note, both S1PR1/S1PR3 and S1PR2 agonists significantly downregulated the expression of osteogenic genes and suppressed AKT activation, resulting in an attenuated osteogenic capacity of DPSCs. Most importantly, an AKT activator completely abrogated the S1P-mediated downregulation of osteoblastic markers and partially prevented S1P-mediated attenuation effects during osteogenesis. Intriguingly, the pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine promoted the infiltration of macrophages toward DPSCs and induced S1P production in both DPSCs and macrophages. Our findings indicate that the elevation of S1P under inflammatory conditions suppresses the osteogenic capacity of the DPSCs responsible for regenerative endodontics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si-On Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuksu Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dohee Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Min
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea. .,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Characterization of Biological Properties of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Grown on an Electrospun Poly(l-lactide- co-caprolactone) Scaffold. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051900. [PMID: 35269131 PMCID: PMC8911644 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) electrospun scaffolds with seeded stem cells have drawn great interest in tissue engineering. This study investigated the biological behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) grown on a hydrolytically-modified PLCL nanofiber scaffold. The hDPSCs were seeded on PLCL, and their biological features such as viability, proliferation, adhesion, population doubling time, the immunophenotype of hDPSCs and osteogenic differentiation capacity were evaluated on scaffolds. The results showed that the PLCL scaffold significantly supported hDPSC viability/proliferation. The hDPSCs adhesion rate and spreading onto PLCL increased with time of culture. hDPSCs were able to migrate inside the PLCL electrospun scaffold after 7 days of seeding. No differences in morphology and immunophenotype of hDPSCs grown on PLCL and in flasks were observed. The mRNA levels of bone-related genes and their proteins were significantly higher in hDPSCs after osteogenic differentiation on PLCL compared with undifferentiated hDPSCs on PLCL. These results showed that the mechanical properties of a modified PLCL mat provide an appropriate environment that supports hDPSCs attachment, proliferation, migration and their osteogenic differentiation on the PLCL scaffold. The good PLCL biocompatibility with dental pulp stem cells indicates that this mat may be applied in designing a bioactive hDPSCs/PLCL construct for bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
13
|
Arora S, Cooper PR, Ratnayake JT, Friedlander LT, Rizwan SB, Seo B, Hussaini HM. A critical review of in vitro research methodologies used to study mineralization in human dental pulp cell cultures. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 1:3-13. [PMID: 35030284 PMCID: PMC9303903 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The pulp contains a resident population of stem cells which can be stimulated to differentiate in order to repair the tooth by generating a mineralized extracellular matrix. Over recent decades there has been considerable interest in utilizing in vitro cell culture models to study dentinogenesis, with the aim of developing regenerative endodontic procedures, particularly where some vital pulp tissue remains. Objectives The purpose of this review is to provide a structured oversight of in vitro research methodologies which have been used to study human pulp mineralization processes. Method The literature was screened in the PubMed database up to March 2021 to identify manuscripts reporting the use of human dental pulp cells to study mineralization. The dataset identified 343 publications initially which were further screened and consequently 166 studies were identified and it was methodologically mined for information on: i) study purpose, ii) source and characterization of cells, iii) mineralizing supplements and concentrations, and iv) assays and markers used to characterize mineralization and differentiation, and the data was used to write this narrative review. Results Most published studies aimed at characterizing new biological stimulants for mineralization as well as determining the effect of scaffolds and dental (bio)materials. In general, pulp cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion, although the pulp explant technique was also common. For enzymatic digestion, a range of enzymes and concentrations were utilized, although collagenase type I and dispase were the most frequent. Isolated cells were not routinely characterized using either fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) approaches and there was little consistency in terming cultures as dental pulp cells or dental pulp stem cells. A combination of media supplements, at a range of concentrations, of dexamethasone, ascorbic acid and beta‐glycerophosphate, were frequently applied as the basis for the experimental conditions. Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining was the method of choice for assessment of mineralization at 21‐days. Alkaline phosphatase assay was relatively frequently applied, solely or in combination with ARS staining. Further assessment of differentiation status was performed using transcript or protein markers, with dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteocalcin and dentine matrix protein‐1 (DMP ‐1), the most frequent. Discussion While this review highlights variability among experimental approaches, it does however identify a consensus experimental approach. Conclusion Standardization of experimental conditions and sustained research will significantly benefit endodontic patient outcomes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Jithendra T Ratnayake
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Lara T Friedlander
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | | | - Benedict Seo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Haizal M Hussaini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Isolation of dental pulp and periodontal cells from human teeth for single-cell RNA sequencing. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100953. [PMID: 34825216 PMCID: PMC8605092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth and the surrounding periodontal tissues are affected by many pathologies that compromise their integrity and significantly affect life quality. The study of the main dental tissues, the dental pulp and periodontium, is made arduous by their close association with highly mineralized tissues (dentin, cementum, and alveolar bone). Here we describe a protocol to isolate all cells composing human dental pulp and periodontium for single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pagella et al. (2021).
Collapse
|
15
|
Bar JK, Lis-Nawara A, Grelewski PG. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112018. [PMID: 34769446 PMCID: PMC8584775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the dental pulp stem (DSC) cell-derived secretome, consisting of various biomolecules, is undergoing intense research. Despite promising in vitro and in vivo studies, most DSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine because the paracrine effect of the bioactive factors secreted by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) is not completely understood. In this review, we outline the current data on the hDPSC- and SHED-derived secretome as a potential candidate in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue. Published reports demonstrate that the dental MSC-derived secretome/conditional medium may be effective in treating neurodegenerative diseases, neural injuries, cartilage defects, and repairing bone by regulating neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and angiogenic processes through secretome paracrine mechanisms. Dental MSC-secretomes, similarly to the bone marrow MSC-secretome activate molecular and cellular mechanisms, which determine the effectiveness of cell-free therapy. Many reports emphasize that dental MSC-derived secretomes have potential application in tissue-regenerating therapy due to their multidirectional paracrine effect observed in the therapy of many different injured tissues.
Collapse
|
16
|
M Abdelgawad L, Salah N, Sabry D, Abdelgwad M. Efficacy of Photobiomodulation and Vitamin D on Odontogenic Activity of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e30. [PMID: 34733753 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The regeneration of dental pulp tissue using human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent studies have suggested that several factors such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and vitamin D affect the proliferation and differentiation of HDPSCs. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of PBM and vitamin D on odontogenic differentiation of HDPSCs for dentin -like tissue formation. Methods: HDPSCs were collected, isolated, and characterized and then divided into six groups: group I, control; group II, vitamin D (10-7 Mol); group III, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 of 810 nm diode laser; group IV, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D; group V, irradiation at 2 J/cm2, and group VI, irradiation at 2 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D, cell viability assay was measured through MTT. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were also assessed. Results: PBM at 1 and 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D significantly promoted HDPSCs proliferation through MTT assay and odontogenic differentiation through gene expression of VEGF, BMP-2, and DSPP levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: PBM at 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D enhanced the HDPSCs proliferation and odontogenic differentiation and thus could be a novel strategy for dentin regeneration in dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latifa M Abdelgawad
- Professor of Medical Laser Applications Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Salah
- Medical Laser Applications Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Professor of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abdelgwad
- Lecturer of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Khanna M. Chondrogenic Potential of Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. OSTEOLOGY 2021; 1:149-174. [DOI: 10.3390/osteology1030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering has revolutionized the world in organ and tissue regeneration. With the robust research among regenerative medicine experts and researchers, the plausibility of regenerating cartilage has come into the limelight. For cartilage tissue engineering, orthopedic surgeons and orthobiologists use the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of various origins along with the cytokines, growth factors, and scaffolds. The least utilized MSCs are of dental origin, which are the richest sources of stromal and progenitor cells. There is a paradigm shift towards the utilization of dental source MSCs in chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration. Dental-derived MSCs possess similar phenotypes and genotypes like other sources of MSCs along with specific markers such as dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein (DMP) -1, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and STRO-1. Concerning chondrogenicity, there is literature with marginal use of dental-derived MSCs. Various studies provide evidence for in-vitro and in-vivo chondrogenesis by dental-derived MSCs. With such evidence, clinical trials must be taken up to support or refute the evidence for regenerating cartilage tissues by dental-derived MSCs. This article highlights the significance of dental-derived MSCs for cartilage tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Zhu Y, Li N, Wu T, Zheng X, Heng BC, Zou D, Xu J. Upregulation of ETV2 Expression Promotes Endothelial Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720978739. [PMID: 33522307 PMCID: PMC7863555 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720978739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of vasculogenesis often hampers the survivability and integration of newly engineered tissue grafts within the host. Autologous endothelial cells (ECs) are an ideal cell source for neovascularization, but they are limited by their scarcity, lack of proliferative capacity, and donor site morbidity upon isolation. The objective of this study was to determine whether differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into the endothelial lineage can be enhanced by recombinant ETV2 overexpression. DPSCs were extracted from fresh dental pulp tissues. ETV2 overexpression in DPSCs was achieved by lentiviral infection and cellular morphological changes were evaluated. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endothelial-specific markers were assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. The tube formation assay and Matrigel plug assay were also performed to evaluate the angiogenic potential of the ETV2-transduced cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Additionally, proteomic analysis was performed to analyze global changes in protein expression following ETV2 overexpression. After lentiviral infection, ETV2-overexpressing DPSCs showed endothelial-like morphology. Compared with control DPSCs, significantly higher mRNA and protein expression levels of endothelial-specific genes, including CD31, VE-Cadherin, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, were detected in ETV2-overexpressing DPSCs. Moreover, ETV2 overexpression enhanced capillary-like tube formation on Matrigel in vitro, as well as neovascularization in vivo. In addition, comparative proteomic profiling showed that ETV2 overexpression upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, which was indicative of increased VEGF signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that ETV2 overexpression significantly enhanced the endothelial differentiation of DPSCs. Thus, this study shows that DPSCs can be a promising candidate cell source for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Youming Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xianyu Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratories, School of Stomatology, 12465Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duohong Zou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, 56694Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatologic Hospital & College, 12485Anhui Medical University, Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yoshida K, Uehara O, Kurashige Y, Paudel D, Onishi A, Neopane P, Hiraki D, Morikawa T, Harada F, Takai R, Sato J, Saitoh M, Abiko Y. Direct reprogramming of epithelial cell rests of malassez into mesenchymal-like cells by epigenetic agents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1852. [PMID: 33473142 PMCID: PMC7817677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA demethylating agent, 5-Azacytidine (5Aza), and histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (Vpa), can improve the reprogramming efficiencies of pluripotent cells. This study aimed to examine the roles of 5Aza and Vpa in the dedifferentiation of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM) into stem-like cells. Additionally, the ability of stem-like cells to differentiate into mesenchymal cells was evaluated. ERM was cultured in embryonic stem cell medium (ESCM) with 1 µM of 5Aza, or 2 mM of Vpa, or a combination of 5Aza and Vpa. The cells stimulated with both 5Aza and Vpa were named as progenitor-dedifferentiated into stem-like cells (Pro-DSLCs). The Pro-DSLCs cultured in ESCM alone for another week were named as DSLCs. The stem cell markers were significantly higher in the DSLCs than the controls (no additions). The mRNA and protein levels of the endothelial, mesenchymal stem, and osteogenic cell markers were significantly higher in the Pro-DSLCs and DSLCs than the controls. The combination of a demethylating agent and a deacetylated inhibitor induced the dedifferentiation of ERM into DSLCs. The Pro-DSLCs derived from ERM can be directly reprogrammed into mesenchymal-like cells without dedifferentiation into stem-like cells. Isolated ERM treated with epigenetic agents may be used for periodontal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Durga Paudel
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Aya Onishi
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Puja Neopane
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Daichi Hiraki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morikawa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Fumiya Harada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Rie Takai
- Research Institute of Health Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Proteomic Profiling of the First Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from Carbonic Anhydrase II Deficiency Osteopetrosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010380. [PMID: 33396517 PMCID: PMC7795265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis is a hereditary disorder characterized by sclerotic, thick, weak, and brittle bone. The biological behavior of mesenchymal cells obtained from osteopetrosis patients has not been well-studied. Isolated mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from dental pulp (DP-MSSCs) of recently extracted deciduous teeth from osteopetrosis (OP) patients and healthy controls (HCs) were compared. We evaluated whether the dental pulp of OP patients has a population of MSSCs with similar multilineage differentiation capability to DP-MSSCs of healthy subjects. Stem/progenitor cells were characterized using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and proteomics. Our DP-MSSCs were strongly positive for CD44, CD73, CD105, and CD90. DP-MSSCs obtained from HC subjects and OP patients showed similar patterns of proliferation and differentiation as well as gene expression. Proteomic analysis identified 1499 unique proteins with 94.3% similarity in global protein fingerprints of HCs and OP patients. Interestingly, we observed subtle differences in expressed proteins of osteopetrosis disease-related in pathways, including MAPK, ERK 1/2, PI3K, and integrin, rather than in the stem cell signaling network. Our findings of similar protein expression signatures in DP-MSSCs of HC and OP patients are of paramount interest, and further in vivo validation study is needed. There is the possibility that OP patients could have their exfoliating deciduous teeth banked for future use in regenerative dentistry.
Collapse
|
21
|
Rosaian AS, Rao GN, Mohan SP, Vijayarajan M, Prabhakaran RC, Sherwood A. Regenerative Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2020; 12:S27-S36. [PMID: 33149427 PMCID: PMC7595477 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_121_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The dental pulp contains undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, blood vessels and so on, which are responsible for routine functions of a tooth. The determination of stemness and regenerative properties using biomarkers and further application in routine practice may unravel its potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inclusion criteria-original research articles published in English, from 2000 to 2019, were collected both manually and by electronic search from databases of Cochrane, Medline, Embase, and PubMed. Exclusion criteria-articles other than English and review manuscripts were omitted. The shortlisted articles were reviewed for specific biomarkers, to assess the regenerative potential, stemness, and lineage of dental pulp stem cells. RESULTS Of 512 articles, 64 were selected and reviewed to determine the mesenchymal, neurogenic, vasculogenic, hematopoietic, and stem cell potential. On the basis of the search analysis, a panel of markers was proposed. CONCLUSION The application of proposed markers, on a pulpectomized tissue derived from human teeth, may be helpful to determine the regenerative potential and the usefulness in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adlin S Rosaian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gururaj Narayana Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil P Mohan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Vijayarajan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rebekkah C Prabhakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Sherwood
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, CSI College of Dental Sciences and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aly RM. Current state of stem cell-based therapies: an overview. Stem Cell Investig 2020; 7:8. [PMID: 32695801 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent research reporting successful translation of stem cell therapies to patients have enriched the hope that such regenerative strategies may one day become a treatment for a wide range of vexing diseases. In fact, the past few years witnessed, a rather exponential advancement in clinical trials revolving around stem cell-based therapies. Some of these trials resulted in remarkable impact on various diseases. In this review, the advances and challenges for the development of stem-cell-based therapies are described, with focus on the use of stem cells in dentistry in addition to the advances reached in regenerative treatment modalities in several diseases. The limitations of these treatments and ongoing challenges in the field are also discussed while shedding light on the ethical and regulatory challenges in translating autologous stem cell-based interventions, into safe and effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riham Mohamed Aly
- Department of Basic Dental Science, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A Comparative In Vitro Analysis of the Osteogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Using Various Differentiation Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072280. [PMID: 32224849 PMCID: PMC7177908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have excellent proliferative properties, mineralization potential and can be easily obtained from third molar teeth. Recently, many studies have focused on isolation and differentiation of DPSCs. In our study, we focused on biological properties of non-differentiated DPSCs in comparison with osteogenic differentiated cells from DPSCs. We analyzed morphology as well as mineralization potential using three varied osteogenic differentiation media. After fifteen days of differentiation, calcium deposit production was observed in all three osteogenic differentiation media. However, only one osteogenic medium, without animal serum supplement, showed rapid and strong calcification—OsteoMAX-XF™ Differentiation Medium. Therefore, we examined specific surface markers, and gene and protein expression of cells differentiated in this osteogenic medium, and compared them to non-differentiated DPSCs. We proved a decrease in expression of CD9 and CD90 mesenchymal stem cell surface markers, as well as downregulation in the expression of pluripotency genes (NANOG and OCT-4) and increased levels of expression in osteogenic genes (ALP, BSP, OCN and RUNX2). Moreover, osteogenic proteins, such as BSP and OCN, were only produced in differentiated cells. Our findings confirm that carefully selected differentiation conditions for stem cells are essential for their translation into future clinical applications.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang W, Yuan C, Geng T, Liu Y, Zhu S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Wang P. EphrinB2 overexpression enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells partially through ephrinB2-mediated reverse signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:40. [PMID: 31996240 PMCID: PMC6990579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar bone loss is a frequent occurrence. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which have invasive accessibility and high osteogenic potential is a promising source for cell-based bone regeneration. EphrinB2 is involved in bone homeostasis and osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of ephrinB2 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and bone defect repair. Methods EphrinB2 expression was analyzed during osteogenic induction of human DPSCs (hDPSCs). Endogenous ephrinB2 expression in hDPSCs was then upregulated using EfnB2 lentiviral vectors. The effect of ephrinB2 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation capacity of hDPSCs was investigated in vitro, and activation of ephrinB2-EphB4 bidirectional signaling in ephrinB2-overexpressing hDPSCs was detected. In vivo, a canine alveolar bone defect model was established and canine DPSCs (cDPSCs) were cultured, characterized, EfnB2-tranfected, and combined with a PuraMatrix scaffold. Micro-CT analysis was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ephrinB2-overexpressing cDPSCs on bone defect repair. Results EphrinB2 was upregulated after osteogenic induction of hDPSCs. EphrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity of hDPSCs in vitro. Moreover, p-ephrinB2 instead of p-EphB4 was upregulated by ephrinB2 overexpression, and activation of ephrinB2-mediated reverse signaling promoted osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In a canine bone defect model, ephrinB2 overexpression in cDPSCs significantly improved trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness, as demonstrated by radiographic analysis. Conclusions EphrinB2 overexpression enhanced osteogenic potential of DPSCs partially via upregulation of ephrinB2-mediated reverse signaling and effectively promoted alveolar bone defect repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1540-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengyu Geng
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoyue Zhu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zongxiang Liu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Penglai Wang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 130 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng H, Tian C, Zeng X, Liu T. WITHDRAWN: Overexpression of GLI2 induces odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2019:117178. [PMID: 31862452 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, PR China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao No. 8 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao 266001, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alizadeh A, Razmjou A, Ghaedi M, Jannesar R, Tabatabaei F, Pezeshkpour V, Tayebi L. Culture of dental pulp stem cells on nanoporous alumina substrates modified by carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1907-1918. [PMID: 30936693 PMCID: PMC6421869 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s189730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alumina substrates are one of the commonly used scaffolds applied in cell culture, but in order to prevent formation of biofilm on the alumina substrate, these substrates are modified with carbon nanotube. METHODS The alumina substrate was made by a two-step anodization method and was then modified with carbon nanotubes by simple chemical reaction. The substrates were characterized with FTIR, SEM, EDX, 3D laser scanning digital microscope, contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE). To determine how this modification influences the reduction of biofilm, biofilm of two various bacteria, Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), were investigated. RESULTS The biofilm on the modified substrate decreased due to the presence of carbon nanotubes and increased antibacterial properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were cultured onto flat alumina (FA) and nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NAMC) substrates to examine how the chemical modification and surface topography affects growth of DPSCs. CONCLUSION Cell attachment and proliferation were investigated with SEM and Presto Blue assay, and the findings show that the NAMC substrates are suitable for cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Alizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran,
| | | | - Ramin Jannesar
- Department of Pathology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Nanotechnology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Tabatabaei
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Pezeshkpour
- Department of Pathology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Nanotechnology, Dena Pathobiology Laboratory, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Potential for Drug Repositioning of Midazolam for Dentin Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030670. [PMID: 30720745 PMCID: PMC6387224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning promises the advantages of reducing costs and expediting approval schedules. An induction of the anesthetic and sedative drug; midazolam (MDZ), regulates inhibitory neurotransmitters in the vertebrate nervous system. In this study we show the potential for drug repositioning of MDZ for dentin regeneration. A porcine dental pulp-derived cell line (PPU-7) that we established was cultured in MDZ-only, the combination of MDZ with bone morphogenetic protein 2, and the combination of MDZ with transforming growth factor-beta 1. The differentiation of PPU-7 into odontoblasts was investigated at the cell biological and genetic level. Mineralized nodules formed in PPU-7 were characterized at the protein and crystal engineering levels. The MDZ-only treatment enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA levels of odontoblast differentiation marker genes, and precipitated nodule formation containing a dentin-specific protein (dentin phosphoprotein). The nodules consisted of randomly oriented hydroxyapatite nanorods and nanoparticles. The morphology, orientation, and chemical composition of the hydroxyapatite crystals were similar to those of hydroxyapatite that had transformed from amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles, as well as the hydroxyapatite in human molar dentin. Our investigation showed that a combination of MDZ and PPU-7 cells possesses high potential of drug repositioning for dentin regeneration.
Collapse
|