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Photenhauer AL, Villafuerte-Vega RC, Cerqueira FM, Armbruster KM, Mareček F, Chen T, Wawrzak Z, Hopkins JB, Vander Kooi CW, Janeček Š, Ruotolo BT, Koropatkin NM. The Ruminococcus bromii amylosome protein Sas6 binds single and double helical α-glucan structures in starch. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:255-265. [PMID: 38177679 PMCID: PMC11081458 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Resistant starch is a prebiotic accessed by gut bacteria with specialized amylases and starch-binding proteins. The human gut symbiont Ruminococcus bromii expresses Sas6 (Starch Adherence System member 6), which consists of two starch-specific carbohydrate-binding modules from family 26 (RbCBM26) and family 74 (RbCBM74). Here, we present the crystal structures of Sas6 and of RbCBM74 bound with a double helical dimer of maltodecaose. The RbCBM74 starch-binding groove complements the double helical α-glucan geometry of amylopectin, suggesting that this module selects this feature in starch granules. Isothermal titration calorimetry and native mass spectrometry demonstrate that RbCBM74 recognizes longer single and double helical α-glucans, while RbCBM26 binds short maltooligosaccharides. Bioinformatic analysis supports the conservation of the amylopectin-targeting platform in CBM74s from resistant-starch degrading bacteria. Our results suggest that RbCBM74 and RbCBM26 within Sas6 recognize discrete aspects of the starch granule, providing molecular insight into how this structure is accommodated by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Photenhauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Filipe M Cerqueira
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Krista M Armbruster
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Filip Mareček
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center-LS-CAT, Northwestern University, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Jesse B Hopkins
- The Biophysics Collaborative Access Team (BioCAT), Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig W Vander Kooi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Štefan Janeček
- Laboratory of Protein Evolution, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Takahashi M, Kadota Y, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Sakurai K, Mori C, Shimojo N. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Effect of 1-Kestose on Defecation Habits in Constipated Kindergarten Children: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3276. [PMID: 37513693 PMCID: PMC10386190 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is common in children and can significantly affect quality of life. Prebiotics are reportedly helpful for constipation in adults, but few studies have examined their use in young children. In this study, the effect of 1-kestose (kestose), which has excellent bifidobacterial growth properties, on constipation in kindergarten children (n = 11) was compared with that of maltose (n = 12) in a randomized, double-blind study. Three grams of kestose per day for 8 weeks did not affect stool properties, but significantly increased the number of defecations per week (Median; 3 → 4 times/week, p = 0.017, effect size = 0.53). A significant decrease in Intestinibacter, a trend toward increased bifidobacteria, and a trend toward decreased Clostridium sensu stricto were observed after kestose ingestion, while concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in stools were unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Shiko
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Shibuya 150-0012, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Skoufos I, Nelli A, Venardou B, Lagkouvardos I, Giannenas I, Magklaras G, Zacharis C, Jin L, Wang J, Gouva E, Skoufos S, Bonos E, Tzora A. Use of an Innovative Silage of Agro-Industrial Waste By-Products in Pig Nutrition: A Pilot Study of Its Effects on the Pig Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1723. [PMID: 37512895 PMCID: PMC10384456 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with an innovative silage (IS) created using 60% olive mill waste, 20% grape pomace, and 20% deproteinised feta cheese waste solids can modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota in weaned (Exp. 1) and finishing (Exp. 2) pigs. In Exp. 1 (40 day supplementation), forty-five crossbred weaned pigs were randomly assigned to the 0% (Control), 5%, or 10% IS groups (15 replicates/experimental diet). In Exp. 2 (60 day supplementation), eighteen finishing pigs from Exp. 1 were fed the control diet for 8 weeks before being re-assigned to their original experimental groups and fed with the 0% (Control), 5%, or 10% IS diets (six replicates/experimental diet). Performance parameters were recorded. Ileal and caecal digesta and mucosa were collected at the end of each experiment for microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (five pigs/experimental diet for Exp. 1 and six pigs/experimental diet for Exp. 2). No significant effects on pig growth parameters were observed in both experiments. In Exp. 1, 5% IS supplementation increased the relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family, Coprococcus genus, and Alloprevotella rava (OTU_48) and reduced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus in the caecum compared to the control and/or 10% IS diets (p < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 5% IS supplementation led to compositionally more diverse and different ileal and caecal microbiota compared to the control group (p < 0.05; p = 0.066 for β-diversity in ileum). Supplementation with the 5% IS increased the relative abundance of Clostridium celatum/disporicum/saudiense (OTU_3) in the ileum and caecum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (OTU_17) in the caecum and reduced the relative abundance of Streptococcus gallolyticus/alactolyticus (OTU_2) in the caecum compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). Similar effects on C. celatum/disporicum/saudiense and S. gallolyticus/alactolyticus were observed with the 10% IS diet in the caecum (p < 0.05). IS has the potential to beneficially alter the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Nelli
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Brigkita Venardou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Magklaras
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Christos Zacharis
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Lizhi Jin
- Meritech (Asia Pacific) Biotech Pte Ltd., Singapore 079903, Singapore
| | - Jin Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Evangelia Gouva
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Stylianos Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Hygiene and Food Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
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Huang Y, Ying N, Zhao Q, Chen J, Teow SY, Dong W, Lin M, Jiang L, Zheng H. Amelioration of Obesity-Related Disorders in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Inulin-Dosed Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103997. [PMID: 37241738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inulin in alleviating obesity-related disorders has been documented; yet, its underlying mechanisms still need to be further investigated. This study attempted to elucidate the causative link between the gut microbiota and the beneficial effect of inulin on obesity-related disorders via transferring the fecal microbiota from inulin-dosed mice to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese recipient mice. The results show that inulin supplementation can decrease body weight, fat accumulation, and systemic inflammation and can also enhance glucose metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice. Treatment with inulin reshaped the structure and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-induced obese mice, as characterized by increases in the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium and Muribaculum and decreases in unidentified_Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium. In addition, we found that these favorable effects of inulin could be partially transferable by fecal microbiota transplantation, and Bifidobacterium and Muribaculum might be the key bacterial genera. Therefore, our results suggest that inulin ameliorates obesity-related disorders by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinli Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - Na Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qihui Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Junli Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sin-Yeang Teow
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - Minjie Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Li Z, Zhao X, Jian L, Wang B, Luo H. Rumen microbial-driven metabolite from grazing lambs potentially regulates body fatty acid metabolism by lipid-related genes in liver. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:39. [PMID: 36879349 PMCID: PMC9990365 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism differs significantly between grazing and stall-feeding lambs, affecting the quality of livestock products. As two critical organs of lipid metabolism, the differences between feeding patterns on rumen and liver metabolism remain unclear. In this study, 16S rRNA, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and untargeted metabolomics were utilized to investigate the key rumen microorganisms and metabolites, as well as liver genes and metabolites associated with fatty acid metabolism under indoor feeding (F) and grazing (G). RESULTS Compared with grazing, indoor feeding increased ruminal propionate content. Using metagenome sequencing in combination with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, the results showed that the abundance of propionate-producing Succiniclasticum and hydrogenating bacteria Tenericutes was enriched in the F group. For rumen metabolism, grazing caused up-regulation of EPA, DHA and oleic acid and down-regulation of decanoic acid, as well as, screening for 2-ketobutyric acid as a vital differential metabolite, which was enriched in the propionate metabolism pathway. In the liver, indoor feeding increased 3-hydroxypropanoate and citric acid content, causing changes in propionate metabolism and citrate cycle, while decreasing the ETA content. Then, the liver transcriptome revealed that 11 lipid-related genes were differentially expressed in the two feeding patterns. Correlation analysis showed that the expression of CYP4A6, FADS1, FADS2, ALDH6A1 and CYP2C23 was significantly associated with the propionate metabolism process, suggesting that propionate metabolism may be an important factor mediating the hepatic lipid metabolism. Besides, the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle, rumen and liver also had a close correlation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data demonstrated that rumen microbial-driven metabolite from grazing lambs potentially regulates multiple hepatic lipid-related genes, ultimately affecting body fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xingang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Luyang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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Xu R, Li Q, Wang H, Su Y, Zhu W. Reduction of Redox Potential Exerts a Key Role in Modulating Gut Microbial Taxa and Function by Dietary Supplementation of Pectin in a Pig Model. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0328322. [PMID: 36475916 PMCID: PMC9927287 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03283-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin exists in a vast range of plants and has a long history of acting as a functional food additive with potential prebiotic effects on intestinal health. However, knowledge of how pectin regulates gut microbial communities is still insufficient and limited. Here, metatranscriptome sequencing revealed that a pectin-enriched diet (PEC) decreased the abundances of fungal keystone taxa (e.g., amino acid-producing Kazachstania spp.) and their genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, while it increased the abundance of sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio spp., and methane-producing Methanobrevibacter spp. in colon microbiomes. Furthermore, we first confirmed that PEC decreased fecal redox potential in a fistula pig model, which could be supported by the enrichment of antioxidants (e.g., inosine) in feces. Fecal metagenome analysis disclosed that certain microbial taxa promoted inosine biosynthesis from pectin degradation, including Prevotella, which plays an essential role in pectin biodegradation. Overall, these results demonstrate that pectin decreases the redox potential in pig hindgut to modulate microbial composition and functions, and specific microorganisms generate reducing agents in the course of pectin degradation to decrease redox potential of microbial ecosystem. IMPORTANCE Collective studies indicate that pectin degradation promotes extensive microorganisms that can be involved in pectin degradation directly or indirectly, or benefit from the altered physiological conditions caused by pectin ingestions. Our study focuses on effects of pectin on gut microbial taxa and functions, as well as its interactions with altered environmental features. Our results demonstrate pectin-induced proreducing shifts on colon microbial taxa and functions, and first confirm that pectin decreases hindgut redox potential, which is an important environmental feature that can modulate microbial communities. These results infer that there is bidirectional regulation between microbiota and redox potential during pectin degradation. In general, this investigation proposes new insights into the pectin-modulating gut microbial ecosystem and also provides new perspectives for targeting modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuke Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Smith AD, Chen C, Cheung L, Dawson HD. Raw potato starch alters the microbiome, colon and cecal gene expression, and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice fed a Western diet. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1057318. [PMID: 36704785 PMCID: PMC9871501 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1057318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starches (RS) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids and other microbial metabolites that can alter host physiology and the composition of the microbiome. We previously showed that mice fed a Total Western Diet (TWD) based on NHANES data that mimics the composition of a typical American diet, containing resistant potato starch (RPS), produced concentration dependent changes to the cecal short-chain fatty acids, the microbiome composition as well as gene expression changes in the cecum and colon that were most prevalent in mice fed the 10% RPS diet. We were then interested in whether feeding TWD/RPS would alter the resistance to bacterial-induced colitis caused by Citrobacter rodentium (Cr), a mouse pathogen that shares 66.7% of encoded genes with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mice were fed the TWD for 6 weeks followed by a 3-weeks on the RPS diets before infecting with Cr. Fecal Cr excretion was monitored over time and fecal samples were collected for 16S sequencing. Mice were euthanized on day 12 post-infection and cecal contents collected for 16S sequencing. Cecum and colon tissues were obtained for gene expression analysis, histology and to determine the level of mucosa-associated Cr. Feeding RPS increased the percentage of mice productively infected by Cr and fecal Cr excretion on day 4 post-infection. Mice fed the TWD/10% RPS diet also had greater colonization of colonic tissue at day 12 post-infection and colonic pathology. Both diet and infection altered the fecal and cecal microbiome composition with increased levels of RPS resulting in decreased α-diversity that was partially reversed by Cr infection. RNASeq analysis identified several mechanistic pathways that could be associated with the increased colonization of Cr-infected mice fed 10% RPS. In the distal colon we found a decrease in enrichment for genes associated with T cells, B cells, genes associated with the synthesis of DHA-derived SPMs and VA metabolism/retinoic acid signaling. We also found an increase in the expression of the potentially immunosuppressive gene, Ido1. These results suggest that high-level consumption of RPS in the context of a typical American diet, may alter susceptibility to gastrointestinal bacterial infections.
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Plaza-Díaz J, Manzano M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Giron MD, Salto R, López-Pedrosa JM, Santos-Fandila A, Garcia-Corcoles MT, Rueda R, Gil Á. Intake of slow-digesting carbohydrates is related to changes in the microbiome and its functional pathways in growing rats with obesity induced by diet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992682. [PMID: 36532542 PMCID: PMC9748084 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main cause of insulin resistance in childhood is obesity, which contributes to future comorbidities as in adults. Although high-calorie diets and lack of exercise contribute to metabolic disease development, food quality rather than the quantity of macronutrients is more important than food density. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of changing the quality of carbohydrates from rapidly to slowly digestible carbohydrates on the composition of the gut microbiota and the profiles of the functional pathways in growing rats with obesity due to a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS During the course of 4 weeks, rats growing on an HFD-containing carbohydrates with different digestive rates were fed either HFD-containing carbohydrates with a rapid digestion rate (OBE group) or HFD-containing carbohydrates with a slow digestion rate (OBE-ISR group). A non-obese group (NOB) was included as a reference, and rats were fed on a rodent standard diet (AIN93G). An analysis of gut microbiota was conducted using 16S rRNA-based metagenomics; a linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was used to determine changes in abundance between baseline and 4 weeks of treatment, and functional pathways were identified. Gut microbiota composition at bacterial diversity and relative abundance, at phylum and genus levels, and functional profiles were analyzed by integrating the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) database. RESULTS The groups showed comparable gut microbiota at baseline. At the end of the treatment, animals from the ISR group exhibited differences at the phylum levels by decreasing the diversity of Fisher's index and Firmicutes (newly named as Bacillota), and increasing the Pielou's evenness and Bacteroidetes (newly named as Bacteroidota); at the genus level by increasing Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Lachnoclostridium, Flavonifractor, Ruminiclostridium 5, and Faecalibaculum and decreasing Muribaculum, Blautia, and Ruminiclostridium 9. Remarkably, relative abundances of genera Tyzzerella and Angelakisella were higher in the OBE group compared to NOB and OBE-ISR groups. In addition, some microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathways such as glycolysis, glucuronic acid degradation, pentose phosphate pathway, methanogenesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis exhibited increased activity in the OBE-ISR group after the treatment. Higher levels of acetate and propionate were found in the feces of the ISR group compared with the NOB and OBE groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that replacing rapidly digestible carbohydrates with slowly digestible carbohydrates within an HFD improve the composition of the gut microbiota. Consequently, metabolic disturbances associated with obesity may be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria D. Giron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.Granada), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Bekebrede A, Noorman L, Keijer J, de Boer V, Gerrits W. Functional metabolic capacity of pig colonocytes is differentially modulated by fermentable fibre and poorly digestible protein. Animal 2022; 16:100625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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10
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Smith AD, Chen C, Cheung L, Ward R, Hintze KJ, Dawson HD. Resistant Potato Starch Alters the Cecal Microbiome and Gene Expression in Mice Fed a Western Diet Based on NHANES Data. Front Nutr 2022; 9:782667. [PMID: 35392294 PMCID: PMC8983116 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.782667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that the four major types of resistant starch (RS1-4) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and can alter the microbiome and host physiology. However, nearly all these studies were conducted in rodents fed with a diet that does not approximate what is typically consumed by humans. To address this, mice were fed a Total Western Diet (TWD) based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data that mimics the macro and micronutrient composition of a typical American diet for 6 weeks and then supplemented with 0, 2, 5, or 10% of the RS2, resistant potato starch (RPS), for an additional 3 weeks. The cecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S sequencing. The alpha-diversity of the microbiome decreased with increasing consumption of RPS while a beta-diversity plot showed four discreet groupings based on the RPS level in the diet. The relative abundance of various genera was altered by feeding increasing levels of RPS. In particular, the genus Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group was markedly increased. Cecal, proximal, and distal colon tissue mRNA abundance was analyzed by RNASeq. The cecal mRNA abundance principal component analysis showed clear segregation of the four dietary groups whose separation decreased in the proximal and distal colon. Differential expression of the genes was highest in the cecum, but substantially decreased in the proximal colon (PC) and distal colon (DC). Most differentially expressed genes were unique to each tissue with little overlap in between. The pattern of the observed gene expression suggests that RPS, likely through metabolic changes secondary to differences in microbial composition, appears to prime the host to respond to a range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. In summary, consumption of dietary RPS led to significant changes to the microbiome and gene expression in the cecum and to a lesser extent in the proximal and distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D. Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Allen D. Smith
| | - Celine Chen
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Robert Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Korry J. Hintze
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Harry D. Dawson
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Kobek-Kjeldager C, Schönherz AA, Canibe N, Pedersen LJ. Diet and microbiota-gut-brain axis in relation to tail biting in pigs: A review. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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