1
|
Yamin R, Ahmad I, Khalid H, Perveen A, Abbasi SW, Nishan U, Sheheryar S, Moura AA, Ahmed S, Ullah R, Ali EA, Shah M, Chandra Ojha S. Identifying plant-derived antiviral alkaloids as dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike glycoprotein through computational screening. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1369659. [PMID: 39086396 PMCID: PMC11288853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1369659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is currently considered the ninth-deadliest pandemic, spreading through direct or indirect contact with infected individuals. It has imposed a consistent strain on both the financial and healthcare resources of many countries. To address this challenge, there is a pressing need for the development of new potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease. To identify potential antiviral agents as novel dual inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, we retrieved 404 alkaloids from 12 selected medicinal antiviral plants and virtually screened them against the renowned catalytic sites and favorable interacting residues of two essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely, the main protease and spike glycoprotein. Based on docking scores, 12 metabolites with dual inhibitory potential were subjected to drug-likeness, bioactivity scores, and drug-like ability analyses. These analyses included the ligand-receptor stability and interactions at the potential active sites of target proteins, which were analyzed and confirmed through molecular dynamic simulations of the three lead metabolites. We also conducted a detailed binding free energy analysis of pivotal SARS-CoV-2 protein inhibitors using molecular mechanics techniques to reveal their interaction dynamics and stability. Overall, our results demonstrated that 12 alkaloids, namely, adouetine Y, evodiamide C, ergosine, hayatinine, (+)-homoaromoline, isatithioetherin C, N,alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide, pelosine, reserpine, toddalidimerine, toddayanis, and zanthocadinanine, are shortlisted as metabolites based on their interactions with target proteins. All 12 lead metabolites exhibited a higher unbound fraction and therefore greater distribution compared with the standards. Particularly, adouetine Y demonstrated high docking scores but exhibited a nonspontaneous binding profile. In contrast, ergosine and evodiamide C showed favorable binding interactions and superior stability in molecular dynamics simulations. Ergosine demonstrated exceptional performance in several key pharmaceutical metrics. Pharmacokinetic evaluations revealed that ergosine exhibited pronounced bioactivity, good absorption, and optimal bioavailability. Additionally, it was predicted not to cause skin sensitivity and was found to be non-hepatotoxic. Importantly, ergosine and evodiamide C emerged as superior drug candidates for dual inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 due to their strong binding affinity and drug-like ability, comparable to known inhibitors like N3 and molnupiravir. This study is limited by its in silico nature and demands the need for future in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Yamin
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hira Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asia Perveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sheheryar Sheheryar
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yabré Z, Boly R, Ouédraogo R, Coulidiaty AGV, Somda GD, Semdé R, Ouédraogo N, Youl ENH. A review of the safety profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bronchorelaxant activities of Waltheria indica Linn (Malvaceae): A potential antiasthmatic phytomedicine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32402. [PMID: 38975151 PMCID: PMC11225760 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Waltheria indica Linn (Malvaceae) is a widely distributed plant in West Africa. It is commonly used in Burkina Faso to treat inflammation-related diseases, including asthma. Previous reviews have focused on the ethnobotanical, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of Waltheria indica. This report aims to compile the biological and pharmacological activities that highlight the anti-asthmatic properties of Waltheria indica L. (W. indica). Method Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, SciFinder, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, were used to gather data on Watheria indica. Data on the toxicological, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bronchorelaxant effects of W. indica were collected. Results Twenty-three studies describing the biological and pharmacological activities relevant to assessing the anti-asthmatic properties of W. indica were found. Nine articles investigated the anti-inflammatory effects, and three manuscripts were found to have bronchorelaxant activity. Five publications reported the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts. Research on the extracts revealed a tolerable safety profile in rats and mice with an LD50 ranging from 300 to 5000 mg/kg body weight, depending on the parts of the plant used. Phenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, were found to be responsible for the activities involved in the assessment of anti-asthmatic properties. Conclusion The results of this review suggest that W. indica could be a valuable resource for the treatment of asthma and other respiratory diseases. However, further chemical and pharmacological investigations are needed to understand its mechanism of action in treating asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaline Yabré
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rainatou Boly
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS), 03 PO 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Raogo Ouédraogo
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdul Gafar Victoir Coulidiaty
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Gaétan D. Somda
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rasmané Semdé
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Noufou Ouédraogo
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS), 03 PO 7047, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Estelle Noëla Hoho Youl
- Drug Development Laboratory (LADME), Center for Training, Research and Expertise in Drug Sciences (CEA-CFOREM), Doctoral School of Health and Sciences (ED2S), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, 03 PO 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diarra A, Agossa K, Youl ENH. The Potential of Cochlospermum tinctorium, Flueggea virosa, and Waltheria indica Traditional Plants From Burkina Faso in Treating Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52471. [PMID: 38371022 PMCID: PMC10873538 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic, infectious, and inflammatory oral disease with a high prevalence in developing countries, where limited access to modern dental care curtails its treatment. This review is dedicated to examining three indigenous botanical species frequently recommended by traditional therapists for the treatment of periodontal disease, namely, Cochlospermum tinctorium, Flueggea virosa, and Waltheria indica, with the aim of elucidating their chemical constituents and pharmacological properties that may support their empirical use. This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines extension for scoping reviews. An electronic search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) up to July 2022. Out of 700 articles initially identified, only 11 were deemed eligible for inclusion; a substantial majority (80%) of these comprised in vitro studies. Among the trio of botanicals considered, Waltheria indica emerged as the most extensively investigated (65% of the studies). The administration of these plants was predominantly in the form of decoctions or macerations, with extraction methods employing alcoholic agents (ethanolic and methanolic), hydroalcoholic solutions, or aqueous solvents. The selected plants exhibited notable richness in polyphenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated in 60% of the studies, along with antibacterial properties (against Streptococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori). None of the studies reported antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens. The pharmacological properties of these plants may hold promise for the management of oral inflammatory and infectious conditions. Nevertheless, further comprehensive investigations are imperative to establish their safety and efficacy for periodontitis treatment before conclusive recommendations can be formulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaziz Diarra
- Periodontology, Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (UFR/SDS) University of Ouaga I, Pr. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, BFA
| | - Kevimy Agossa
- Periodontology, Lille University Hospital, Lille, FRA
| | - Estelle Noëla Hoho Youl
- Pharmacology, Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences (UFR/SDS) University of Ouaga I, Pr. Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, BFA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nushiba Naser PT, Thoppil JE. Biochemical Screening, Fabrication of Green Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Studies of Endophytic Fungus Phlebia Species. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:447-460. [PMID: 38031598 PMCID: PMC10682321 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are organism dwelling totally dynamic and novel biotopes this makes them able to produce novel biochemicals that may become assets to the future. This study aims at understanding the biochemical components of the endophytic fungus Phlebia sp. synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from it, and the antimicrobial as well as antioxidant ability of these green synthesised nanoparticles. Aqueous fungal extract was subjected for HRLCMS analysis which revealed 34 biochemicals within the extract. Silver and gold nanoparticles were also produced from the fungal extract. UV-vis analysis revealed a peak at 450 nm for silver nanoparticle and 550 nm for gold nanoparticles. FESEM analysis confirmed the presence of these nanoparticles with its spherical shape. Both of these nanoparticles were able to produce a conspicuous zone of inhibition in the antimicrobial tests against Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi. For both of the organisms under study, a concentration-dependent expansion of the zone of inhibition was discovered in the nanoparticles. However, with silver nanoparticles, a relatively high zone of inhibition and vulnerability of the organism was discovered. Four in vitro free radical scavenging assays, including the DPPH, Hydroxyl, Superoxide, and Nitric oxide radical scavenging assays, were used for antioxidant analysis. The results of every test demonstrated that green synthesised silver nanoparticles had higher activity than gold nanoparticles. All of the tests showed that silver nanoparticles were more active than gold nanoparticles with the maximum value of 86.254 ± 0.296% being discovered at the greatest concentration of superoxide radical scavenging assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John E. Thoppil
- Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ranjitsingh AJA, Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Paul P, Padmalatha C. Antiviral and cytotoxic effects of a traditional drug KanthaRasaVillai with a cocktail of metallic nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2022; 34:101693. [PMID: 34785874 PMCID: PMC8588738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective Alternative medicine plays an important role today in searching for therapeutics for cancer and viral infection. So, a scientific validation to characterize constituents in the alternative medicines and therapeutic testing is warranted using modern instrumentation. Methods In the present study, an old herbomineral formulation, KanthaRasavillai [KRV], was characterized using UV-vis spectrometry, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM study. Also, In vitro and in vivo studies were done to evaluate their antiviral and anticancer activity. FT-IR and XRD studies revealed a cocktail of nanoparticles of mercury, magnetic oxide, cinnabar, and arsenic.Results.Based on SEM, TEM, and XRD report, KRV contains nanoparticles in the size range of 9.1 nm to 25.0 nm. FT-IR analysis exposed the presence of several anti-cancerous bioactive compounds.Further in vitro testing against HCV virus proved KRV to inhibit HCV virus a close relative to SARS-CoV-2. MTT assay confirmed the anticancer effect of KRV against Huh-7 and MCF-7 cell lines. Conclusion The anticancer and antiviral properties in the ancient herbomineral drug with a cocktail of metal nanoparticles acknowledge the traditional medical practice as a pioneering approach for present-day ailments. However, the study concludes that the use of KRV depends on safety dosage and genuine preparation as described by ancient saints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parameswari Paul
- Department of Horticulture, Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Termer M, Carola C, Salazar A, Keck CM, Hemberger J, von Hagen J. Activity-Guided Characterization of COX-2 Inhibitory Compounds in Waltheria indica L. Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237240. [PMID: 34885813 PMCID: PMC8658768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's response to infection or tissue injury in order to restore and maintain homeostasis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) derived from arachidonic acid (AA), via up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is a key mediator of inflammation and can also be induced by several other factors including stress, chromosomal aberration, or environmental factors. Targeting prostaglandin production by inhibiting COX-2 is hence relevant for the successful resolution of inflammation. Waltheria indica L. is a traditional medicinal plant whose extracts have demonstrated COX-2 inhibitory properties. However, the compounds responsible for the activity remained unknown. For the preparation of extracts with effective anti-inflammatory properties, characterization of these substances is vital. In this work, we aimed to address this issue by characterizing the substances responsible for the COX-2 inhibitory activity in the extracts and generating prediction models to quantify the COX-2 inhibitory activity without biological testing. For this purpose, an extract was separated into fractions by means of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The inhibitory potential of the fractions and extracts against the COX-2 enzyme was determined using a fluorometric COX-2 inhibition assay. The characterizations of compounds in the fractions with the highest COX-2 inhibitory activity were conducted by high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). It was found that these fractions contain alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, identified and reported for the first time in Waltheria indica leaf extracts. After analyzing their contents in different Waltheria indica extracts, it could be demonstrated that these fatty acids are responsible for up to 41% of the COX-2 inhibition observed with Waltheria indica extract. Additional quantification of secondary metabolites in the extract fractions revealed that substances from the group of steroidal saponins and triterpenoid saponins also contribute to the COX-2 inhibitory activity. Based on the content of compounds contributing to COX-2 inhibition, two mathematical models were successfully developed, both of which had a root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.6% COX-2 inhibitory activity, demonstrating a high correspondence between predicted versus observed values. The results of the predictive models further suggested that the compounds contribute to COX-2 inhibition in the order linoleic acid > alpha linolenic acid > steroidal saponins > triterpenoid saponins. The characterization of substances contributing to COX-2 inhibition in this study enables a more targeted development of extraction processes to obtain Waltheria indica extracts with superior anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Termer
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Christophe Carola
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.C.); (A.S.); (J.v.H.)
| | - Andrew Salazar
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.C.); (A.S.); (J.v.H.)
| | - Cornelia M. Keck
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Juergen Hemberger
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute for Biochemical Engineering & Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Joerg von Hagen
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstr. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (C.C.); (A.S.); (J.v.H.)
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute for Biochemical Engineering & Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nirmala C, Sridevi M. Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles from Endophytic Pantoea anthophila. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021; 31:3711-3725. [PMID: 33815028 PMCID: PMC8006880 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endophyte mediated nanoparticles fabrication were emerging as a new frontier in nanomedicines that produce high biocompatible and functionalized silver nanoparticles. In this study, silver nanoparticles were successfully biosynthesized from the extracellular extract of endophytic bacterium Pantoea anthophila isolated from the stem of Waltheria indica for the first time. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a strong absorption band at 410 nm in the UV-Visible range. The dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analysis indicated that the average particle size was 16 nm at 5.30 mV. FTIR spectrum displayed the presence of various functional groups at 3423.65, 1633.71, 1022.27, 607.58 cm-1 that stabilised the nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction peaks were conferred to 100, 200, 220 and 311 planes of a face centred cubic structure. TEM and SEM micrograph revealed the spherical-shaped, polycrystalline nature with the presence of elemental silver analysed by EDAX. Selected area electron diffraction also confirms the orientation of silver nanoparticles with X-ray diffraction analysis. Antimicrobial activity against 10 different human pathogenic bacteria and fungi showed a broad spectrum inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the bacterial pathogens, B. Subtilis exhibited low activity compared to other pathogens. C. albicans was greatly controlled than other fungal species. A strong free radical scavenging activity of silver nanoparticles with IC50 values 31.29 ± 0.73, 19.83 ± 1.57, 35.64 ± 0.94, 42.07 ± 1.30, 29.70 ± 2.26, 29.10 ± 0.82, 36.80 ± 0.63 μg/ml was obtained in different antioxidant assays that were comparable to the reference. The study suggests that the silver nanoparticles can be biosynthesized from endophytic P. anthophila metabolites with significant therapeutic potential. With proper validation, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can be developed as a promising antiviral and anticancer drug candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nirmala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed To Be University), Sankari Main Road (NH-47), Periyaseeragapadi, Salem, Tamilnadu 636 308 India
| | - M. Sridevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed To Be University), Sankari Main Road (NH-47), Periyaseeragapadi, Salem, Tamilnadu 636 308 India
| |
Collapse
|