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Fathallah N, Elkady WM, Zahran SA, Darwish KM, Elhady SS, Elkhawas YA. Unveiling the Multifaceted Capabilities of Endophytic Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Annona squamosa Fruit Peels against Staphylococcus Isolates and HCoV 229E-In Vitro and In Silico Investigations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:656. [PMID: 38794226 PMCID: PMC11124496 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge towards searching for primitive treatment strategies to discover novel therapeutic approaches against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. Endophytes are considered unexplored yet perpetual sources of several secondary metabolites with therapeutic significance. This study aims to isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from Annona squamosa L. fruit peels using morphological, microscopical, and transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis; extract the fungus's secondary metabolites by ethyl acetate; investigate the chemical profile using UPLC/MS; and evaluate the potential antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiviral activities. An endophytic fungus was isolated and identified as Aspergillus flavus L. from the fruit peels. The UPLC/MS revealed seven compounds with various chemical classes. The antimicrobial activity of the fungal ethyl acetate extract (FEA) was investigated against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative standard strains, in addition to resistant clinical isolates using the agar diffusion method. The CPE-inhibition assay was used to identify the potential antiviral activity of the crude fungal extract against low pathogenic human coronavirus (HCoV 229E). Selective Gram-positive antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were evident, demonstrating pronounced efficacy against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). However, the extract exhibited very weak activity against Gram-negative bacterial strains. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus L exhibited an interesting antiviral activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 27.2 µg/mL against HCoV 229E. Furthermore, in silico virtual molecular docking-coupled dynamics simulation highlighted the promising affinity of the identified metabolite, orienting towards three MRSA biotargets and HCoV 229E main protease as compared to reported reference inhibitors/substrates. Finally, ADME analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential oral bioavailability of the identified metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Fathallah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Sara A. Zahran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Khaled M. Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- King Abdulaziz University Herbarium, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin A. Elkhawas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Ugwah-Oguejiofor CJ, Nefai MS, Emmanuel MH, Alkali IY, Biambo AA, Lawal M, Ahmed AH, Muhammed A. Safety assessment of crude aqueous methanol extract of Annona senegalensis stem bark: acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38682320 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2344640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Annona senegalensis Pers., (wild custard apple), is a shrub used traditionally to treat respiratory and skin diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-malaria, anti-snake envenomation and anti-cancer activities. However, its toxicological profile remains limited, particularly in male and female animals. This study aims to evaluate the safety of crude aqueous methanol extract of Annona senegalensis stem bark (AMEAS) through acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies. The stem bark of A. senegalensis was collected, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted using 70% methanol. Phytochemical screening, elemental analysis, and acute toxicity evaluation were carried out on AMEAS. Sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted on Wistar rats of both sexes at different doses administered orally for 28 days. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of heavy metals and essential mineral elements with the highest contents being calcium (59.88%) and potassium (25.39%). Acute toxicity testing showed no mortality up to 5000 mg/kg, suggesting an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality or significant harmful effects were observed. The blood glucose decreased from 13.68 mMol/L at 250 mg/kg to 10.71 mMol/L at 1000 mg/kg, much lower than the distilled water group (17.06 mMol/L). In conclusion, the extract appeared to be well-tolerated, with no obvious adverse effects. AMEAS is rich in Calcium (Ca) and potassium (K). It has been shown to have LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg and is assumed to be safe. On repeated use, AMEAS may cause hypoglycemia and weight loss which may be useful in managing diabetes and obesity respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinenye Jane Ugwah-Oguejiofor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mathias Sylvester Nefai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mshelia Halilu Emmanuel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Yusuf Alkali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Ahmed Biambo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mansur Lawal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Hamidu Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Achor Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Parasher M, Pandey DK, Manhas RK. Traditionally used anti-diabetic plants in Kathua district of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117087. [PMID: 37683931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhvi Parasher
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Marh, 181206, Jammu, JKUT, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - R K Manhas
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Basohli, 184201, JKUT, India.
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Pratap Singh R, Pattnaik AK. Anti-obesity potential of bioactive guided fractions of Annona squamosa linn. leaves extract: a combination of in-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico studies along with profiling of lead compounds by HPTLC MS-MS n method. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:171. [PMID: 37188295 PMCID: PMC10169983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiobesity potential of bioactive fractions derived from Annona squamosa was approached using a combination of in vitro, in silico and in-vivo studies. The study was analyzed to validate and select the potent bioactive fractions of A. squamosa leaves extract through in vitro and in vivo activities targeting obesity. The phytochemical properties of the bioactive fractions were investigated utilizing total flavonoid, total phenolic and total steroidal content. Further, in vitro antioxidant assays such as nitric oxide (NO2), DPPH, ABTS, and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assays were performed whereas pancreatic lipase, Alpha-amylase and Alpha glucosidase assays were carried out for enzyme inhibition activities. The overall study revealed that fractions F2 and F3 had shown significant in vitro activities targeting obesity. The selected potent fractions (F2 and F3) were orally bio-screened for efficacy in MSG-HFD-induced obese mice at 80 mg/kg/bw. The invivo study confirmed that fractions 2 and 3 with a dose of 80 mg/kg/bw had a significant potency compared to obese control and standard for various parameters. Body weight and lipid metrics were significantly reduced, and histological examinations revealed considerable beneficial alterations in the organs of the animals. Further HPTLC MS-MSn was used to characterize and identify the major compounds in the potent bioactive fractions, which confirmed the presence of seven major compounds: Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Quercetin, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Caffeine and Epigallocatechin gallate. An in silico model was then employed to determine the best binding activity of the identified compound towards the specific receptors targeting obesity, confirming the most effective docking score towards stigmasterol and sitosterol. The in vitro and in vivo studies of derived bioactive fractions of A. squamosa leaves extract revealed a possible therapeutic approach towards anti-obesity activity for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi India
| | - Ashok Kumar Pattnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi India
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Zubaidi SN, Mohd Nani H, Ahmad Kamal MS, Abdul Qayyum T, Maarof S, Afzan A, Mohmad Misnan N, Hamezah HS, Baharum SN, Mediani A. Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020353. [PMID: 36836708 PMCID: PMC9968120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have played an important role over the centuries in providing products that have been used to help combat ailments and diseases. Many products originating from fresh, dried-plant materials, or extracts are utilized as community remedies in traditional practices or even in modern medicine. The Annonaceae family contains different types of bioactive chemical properties, such as alkaloids, acetogenins, flavonoids, terpenes, and essential oil, meaning the plants in this family are potential therapeutic agents. Belonging to the Annonaceae family, Annona muricata Linn. has recently attracted the attention of scientists for its medicinal value. It has been utilized as a medicinal remedy since ancient times to treat and improve various diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, and bacterial infections. This review, therefore, highlights the important characteristic and therapeutic effect of A. muricata along with future perspectives on its hypoglycemic effect. The most-common name is soursop, referring to its sour and sweet flavors, while in Malaysia, this tree is commonly called 'durian belanda'. Furthermore, A. muricata contains a high content of phenolic compounds in the roots and leaves. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that A. muricata has the pharmacological effects of anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and wound healing. With regard to its anti-diabetic effect, mechanisms of inhibiting glucose absorption via α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity inhibition, increasing glucose tolerance and glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, and stimulating insulin release or acting like insulin were deeply discussed. There is still a significant research gap, and future studies are required to conduct detailed investigations and gain a better molecular understanding of A. muricata's anti-diabetic potential, especially by using the metabolomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norliyana Zubaidi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Mohd Nani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Saleh Ahmad Kamal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Taha Abdul Qayyum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Maarof
- Science and Food Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, MARDI, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adlin Afzan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-8921-4546
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Valarezo E, Ludeña J, Echeverria-Coronel E, Cartuche L, Meneses MA, Calva J, Morocho V. Enantiomeric Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Anticholinesterase Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030367. [PMID: 35161347 PMCID: PMC8840303 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Annona cherimola Mill. is a native species of Ecuador cultivated worldwide for the flavor and properties of its fruit. In this study, hydrodistillation was used to isolate essential oil (EO) of fresh Annona cherimola leaves collected in Ecuadorian Sierra. The EO chemical composition was determined using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column and enantiomeric distribution with an enantioselective column. The qualitative analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and quantitative analysis using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The antibacterial potency was assessed against seven Gram-negative bacteria and one Gram-positive bacterium. ABTS and DPPH assays were used to evaluate the radical scavenging properties of the EO. Spectrophotometric method was used to measure acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. GC-MS analysis allowed us to identify more than 99% of the EO chemical composition. Out of the fifty-three compounds identified, the main were germacrene D (28.77 ± 3.80%), sabinene (3, 9.05 ± 1.69%), β-pinene (4, 7.93 ± 0.685), (E)-caryophyllene (10.52 ± 1.64%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.12 ± 1.39%). Enantioselective analysis showed the existence of four pairs of enantiomers, the (−)-β-Pinene (1S, 5S) was found pure (100%). Chirimoya essential oil exhibited a strong antioxidant activity and a very strong anticholinesterase potential with an IC50 value of 41.51 ± 1.02 µg/mL. Additionally, EO presented a moderate activity against Campylobacter jejuni and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a MIC value of 500 μg/mL.
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