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Yao L, Lu J, Zhong L, Wei Y, Gui T, Wang L, Ahn J, Boerckel JD, Rux D, Mundy C, Qin L, Pacifici M. Activin A marks a novel progenitor cell population during fracture healing and reveals a therapeutic strategy. eLife 2023; 12:e89822. [PMID: 38079220 PMCID: PMC10783872 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient bone fracture repair represents a major clinical and societal burden and novel strategies are needed to address it. Our data reveal that the transforming growth factor-β superfamily member Activin A became very abundant during mouse and human bone fracture healing but was minimally detectable in intact bones. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that the Activin A-encoding gene Inhba was highly expressed in a unique, highly proliferative progenitor cell (PPC) population with a myofibroblast character that quickly emerged after fracture and represented the center of a developmental trajectory bifurcation producing cartilage and bone cells within callus. Systemic administration of neutralizing Activin A antibody inhibited bone healing. In contrast, a single recombinant Activin A implantation at fracture site in young and aged mice boosted: PPC numbers; phosphorylated SMAD2 signaling levels; and bone repair and mechanical properties in endochondral and intramembranous healing models. Activin A directly stimulated myofibroblastic differentiation, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in periosteal mesenchymal progenitor culture. Our data identify a distinct population of Activin A-expressing PPCs central to fracture healing and establish Activin A as a potential new therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutian Yao
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Luqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Joel D Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Danielle Rux
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Christina Mundy
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Mundy C, Yao L, Shaughnessy KA, Saunders C, Shore EM, Koyama E, Pacifici M. Palovarotene Action Against Heterotopic Ossification Includes a Reduction of Local Participating Activin A-Expressing Cell Populations. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10821. [PMID: 38130748 PMCID: PMC10731142 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) consists of extraskeletal bone formation. One form of HO is acquired and instigated by traumas or surgery, and another form is genetic and characterizes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Recently, we and others showed that activin A promotes both acquired and genetic HO, and in previous studies we found that the retinoid agonist palovarotene inhibits both HO forms in mice. Here, we asked whether palovarotene's action against HO may include an interference with endogenous activin A expression and/or function. Using a standard mouse model of acquired HO, we found that activin A and its encoding RNA (Inhba) were prominent in chondrogenic cells within developing HO masses in untreated mice. Single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) assays verified that Inhba expression characterized chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes in untreated HO, in addition to its expected expression in inflammatory cells and macrophages. Palovarotene administration (4 mg/kg/d/gavage) caused a sharp inhibition of both HO and amounts of activin A and Inhba transcripts. Bioinformatic analyses of scRNAseq data sets indicated that the drug had reduced interactions and cross-talk among local cell populations. To determine if palovarotene inhibited Inhba expression directly, we assayed primary chondrocyte cultures. Drug treatment inhibited their cartilaginous phenotype but not Inhba expression. Our data reveal that palovarotene markedly reduces the number of local Inhba-expressing HO-forming cell populations. The data broaden the spectrum of HO culprits against which palovarotene acts, accounting for its therapeutic effectiveness. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mundy
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Kelly A. Shaughnessy
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Cheri Saunders
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eileen M. Shore
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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Uzieliene I, Bialaglovyte P, Miksiunas R, Lebedis I, Pachaleva J, Vaiciuleviciute R, Ramanaviciene A, Kvederas G, Bernotiene E. Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cell Paracrine Factors Possess Stimulatory Effects on Chondrogenesis In Vitro and Diminish the Degradation of Articular Cartilage during Osteoarthritis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1001. [PMID: 37760103 PMCID: PMC10525204 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with a limited capacity for self-regeneration, leading the tissue to osteoarthritis (OA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising for cartilage tissue engineering, as they are capable of differentiating into chondrocyte-like cells and secreting a number of active molecules that are important for cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of easily accessible menstrual blood-derived MSC (MenSC) paracrine factors in stimulating bone marrow MSC (BMMSCs) chondrogenic differentiation and to investigate their role in protecting cartilage from degradation in vitro. MenSCs and BMMSCs chondrogenic differentiation was induced using four different growth factors: TGF-β3, activin A, BMP-2, and IGF-1. The chondrogenic differentiation of BMMSCs was stimulated in co-cultures with MenSCs and cartilage explants co-cultured with MenSCs for 21 days. The chondrogenic capacity of BMMSCs was analyzed by the secretion of four growth factors and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, as well as the release and synthesis of cartilage ECM proteins, and chondrogenic gene expression in cartilage explants. Our results suggest that MenSCs stimulate chondrogenic response in BMMSCs by secreting activin A and TGF-β3 and may have protective effects on cartilage tissue ECM by decreasing the release of GAGs, most likely through the modulation of activin A related molecular pathway. In conclusion, paracrine factors secreted by MenSCs may turn out to be a promising therapeutical approach for cartilage tissue protection and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Paulina Bialaglovyte
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Rokas Miksiunas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Ignas Lebedis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Jolita Pachaleva
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Raminta Vaiciuleviciute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- NanoTechnas—Center on Nanotechnology and Materials Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Kvederas
- The Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (P.B.); (R.M.); (I.L.); (J.P.); (R.V.); (E.B.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, VilniusTech, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Arad M, Brown RA, Khatri R, Taylor RJ, Zalzman M. Direct differentiation of tonsillar biopsy-derived stem cells to the neuronal lineage. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:38. [PMID: 34407767 PMCID: PMC8371824 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders are considered one of the greatest burdens to global public health and a leading cause of death. Stem cell therapies hold great promise for the cure of neurological disorders, as stem cells can serve as cell replacement, while also secreting factors to enhance endogenous tissue regeneration. Adult human multipotent stem cells (MSCs) reside on blood vessels, and therefore can be found in many tissues throughout the body, including palatine tonsils. Several studies have reported the capacity of MSCs to differentiate into, among other cell types, the neuronal lineage. However, unlike the case with embryonic stem cells, it is unclear whether MSCs can develop into mature neurons. METHODS Human tonsillar MSCs (T-MSCs) were isolated from a small, 0.6-g sample, of tonsillar biopsies with high viability and yield as we recently reported. Then, these cells were differentiated by a rapid, multi-stage procedure, into committed, post-mitotic, neuron-like cells using defined conditions. RESULTS Here we describe for the first time the derivation and differentiation of tonsillar biopsy-derived MSCs (T-MSCs), by a rapid, multi-step protocol, into post-mitotic, neuron-like cells using defined conditions without genetic manipulation. We characterized our T-MSC-derived neuronal cells and demonstrate their robust differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our procedure leads to a rapid neuronal lineage commitment and loss of stemness markers, as early as three days following neurogenic differentiation. Our studies identify biopsy-derived T-MSCs as a potential source for generating neuron-like cells which may have potential use for in vitro modeling of neurodegenerative diseases or cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Arad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Robert A Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Raju Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rodney J Taylor
- Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michal Zalzman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Uzieliene I, Bagdonas E, Hoshi K, Sakamoto T, Hikita A, Tachtamisevaite Z, Rakauskiene G, Kvederas G, Mobasheri A, Bernotiene E. Different phenotypes and chondrogenic responses of human menstrual blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to activin A and TGF-β3. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:251. [PMID: 33926568 PMCID: PMC8082646 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its low capacity for self-repair, articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and deterioration, which leads to the development of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MenSCs) are much less characterized, as compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMMSCs). However, MenSCs seem an attractive alternative to classical BMMSCs due to ease of access and broader differentiation capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate chondrogenic differentiation potential of MenSCs and BMMSCs stimulated with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β3) and activin A. METHODS MenSCs (n = 6) and BMMSCs (n = 5) were isolated from different healthy donors. Expression of cell surface markers CD90, CD73, CD105, CD44, CD45, CD14, CD36, CD55, CD54, CD63, CD106, CD34, CD10, and Notch1 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation capacity was determined using CCK-8 proliferation kit and cell migration ability was evaluated by scratch assay. Adipogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated according to Oil-Red staining and osteogenic differentiation according to Alizarin Red staining. Chondrogenic differentiation (activin A and TGF-β3 stimulation) was investigated in vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous scaffolds in nude BALB/c mice) by expression of chondrogenic genes (collagen type II, aggrecan), GAG assay and histologically. Activin A protein production was evaluated by ELISA during chondrogenic differentiation in monolayer culture. RESULTS MenSCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate, as compared to BMMSCs, and a different expression profile of several cell surface markers. Activin A stimulated collagen type II gene expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in TGF-β3 treated MenSCs but not in BMMSCs, both in vitro and in vivo, although the effects of TGF-β3 alone were more pronounced in BMMSCs in vitro. CONCLUSION These data suggest that activin A exerts differential effects on the induction of chondrogenic differentiation in MenSCs vs. BMMSCs, which implies that different mechanisms of chondrogenic regulation are activated in these cells. Following further optimization of differentiation protocols and the choice of growth factors, potentially including activin A, MenSCs may turn out to be a promising population of stem cells for the development of cell-based therapies with the capacity to stimulate cartilage repair and regeneration in OA and related osteoarticular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Department of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Tissue Engineering, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Department of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Zivile Tachtamisevaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Greta Rakauskiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Mundy C, Yao L, Sinha S, Chung J, Rux D, Catheline SE, Koyama E, Qin L, Pacifici M. Activin A promotes the development of acquired heterotopic ossification and is an effective target for disease attenuation in mice. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabd0536. [PMID: 33563697 PMCID: PMC10508179 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common, potentially debilitating pathology that is instigated by inflammation caused by tissue damage or other insults, which is followed by chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and extraskeletal bone accumulation. Current remedies are not very effective and have side effects, including the risk of triggering additional HO. The TGF-β family member activin A is produced by activated macrophages and other inflammatory cells and stimulates the intracellular effectors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (SMAD2/3). Because HO starts with inflammation and because SMAD2/3 activation is chondrogenic, we tested whether activin A stimulated HO development. Using mouse models of acquired intramuscular and subdermal HO, we found that blockage of endogenous activin A by a systemically administered neutralizing antibody reduced HO development and bone accumulation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis and developmental trajectories showed that the antibody treatment reduced the recruitment of Sox9+ skeletal progenitors, many of which also expressed the gene encoding activin A (Inhba), to HO sites. Gain-of-function assays showed that activin A enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells through SMAD2/3 signaling, and inclusion of activin A in HO-inducing implants enhanced HO development in vivo. Together, our data reveal that activin A is a critical upstream signaling stimulator of acquired HO in mice and could represent an effective therapeutic target against forms of this pathology in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mundy
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Sayantani Sinha
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juliet Chung
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Rux
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E Catheline
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Action Potential Capacity In Vitro after Neuronogenic Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:67-81. [PMID: 30324358 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) including oral stem cells (OSCs) as a cell source to derive functional neurons has been inconclusive. Here we tested a number of human OSCs for their neurogenic potential compared to non-OSCs and employed various neurogenic induction methods. OSCs including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), stem cells from apical papilla and non-OSCs including bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), foreskin fibroblasts and dermal fibroblasts using non-neurosphere-mediated or neurosphere-mediated methods to guide them toward neuronal lineages. Cells were subjected to RT-qPCR, immunocytofluorescence to detect the expression of neurogenic genes or electrophysiological analysis at final stage of maturation. We found that induced DPSCs and GMSCs overall appeared to be more neurogenic compared to other cells either morphologically or levels of neurogenic gene expression. Nonetheless, of all the neural induction methods employed, only one neurosphere-mediated method yielded electrophysiological properties of functional neurons. Under this method, cells expressed increased neural stem cell markers, nestin and SOX1, in the first phase of differentiation. Neuronal-like cells expressed βIII-tubulin, CNPase, GFAP, MAP-2, NFM, pan-Nav, GAD67, Nav1.6, NF1, NSE, PSD95, and synapsin after the second phase of differentiation to maturity. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that 8.3% of DPSC-derived neuronal cells and 21.2% of GMSC-derived neuronal cells displayed action potential, although no spontaneous excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic action potential was observed. We conclude that DPSCs and GMSCs have the potential to become neuronal cells in vitro, therefore, these cells may be used as a source for neural regeneration.
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Lin Z, Li Z, Li EN, Li X, Del Duke CJ, Shen H, Hao T, O'Donnell B, Bunnell BA, Goodman SB, Alexander PG, Tuan RS, Lin H. Osteochondral Tissue Chip Derived From iPSCs: Modeling OA Pathologies and Testing Drugs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:411. [PMID: 31921815 PMCID: PMC6930794 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease mainly characterized by degenerative changes in cartilage, but other joint elements such as bone are also affected. To date, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs), owing in part to a deficiency of current models in simulating OA pathologies and etiologies in humans. In this study, we aimed to develop microphysiological osteochondral (OC) tissue chips derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model the pathologies of OA. We first induced iPSCs into mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs) and optimized the chondro- and osteo-inductive conditions for iMPCs. Then iMPCs were encapsulated into photocrosslinked gelatin scaffolds and cultured within a dual-flow bioreactor, in which the top stream was chondrogenic medium and the bottom stream was osteogenic medium. After 28 days of differentiation, OC tissue chips were successfully generated and phenotypes were confirmed by real time RT-PCR and histology. To create an OA model, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was used to challenge the cartilage component for 7 days. While under control conditions, the bone tissue promoted chondrogenesis and suppressed chondrocyte terminal differentiation of the overlying chondral tissue. Under conditions modeling OA, the bone tissue accelerated the degradation of chondral tissue which is likely via the production of catabolic and inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest active functional crosstalk between the bone and cartilage tissue components in the OC tissue chip under both normal and pathologic conditions. Finally, a selective COX-2 inhibitor commonly prescribed drug for OA, Celecoxib, was shown to downregulate the expression of catabolic and proinflammatory cytokines in the OA model, demonstrating the utility of the OC tissue chip model for drug screening. In summary, the iPSC-derived OC tissue chip developed in this study represents a high-throughput platform applicable for modeling OA and for the screening and testing of candidate DMOADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eileen N. Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Colin J. Del Duke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - He Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tingjun Hao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Benjamen O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Stem Cell Research, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Stem Cell Research, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Tauer JT, Rauch F. Novel ActRIIB ligand trap increases muscle mass and improves bone geometry in a mouse model of severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2019; 128:115036. [PMID: 31419601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) caused by mutations affecting the extracellular matrix protein collagen type I is characterized by fragile bones and low muscle mass and function. Activin A and myostatin, members of the TGF-β superfamily, play a key role in the control of muscle mass and in muscle-bone communication. Here we investigated activin A/myostatin signaling in a mouse model of severe dominant OI, Col1a1Jrt/+mouse, and the effect of activin A/myostatin inhibition by a soluble activin receptor IIB receptor, ACE-2494, on bones and muscles in 8-week old mice. Compared to wild type mice, Col1a1Jrt/+mice had elevated TGF-β signaling in bone and muscle tissue. ACE-2494 treatment of wild type mice resulted in significantly increased muscle mass, bone length, bone mass as well as improved bone mechanical properties. However, treatment of Col1a1Jrt/+mice with ACE-2494 was associated with significant gain in muscle mass, significantly improved bone length and bone geometry, but no significant treatment effect was found on bone mass or bone mechanical properties. Thus, our data indicate that activin A/myostatin neutralizing antibody ACE-2494 is effective in stimulating muscle mass, bone length and diaphyseal bone growth but does not correct bone mass phenotype in a mouse model ofdominant OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine T Tauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Shokri MR, Bozorgmehr M, Ghanavatinejad A, Falak R, Aleahmad M, Kazemnejad S, Shokri F, Zarnani AH. Human menstrual blood-derived stromal/stem cells modulate functional features of natural killer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10007. [PMID: 31292483 PMCID: PMC6620360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the maintenance of a successful pregnancy, their cytotoxic activity should be tightly controlled. We hypothesized that endometrial mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (eMSCs) could potentially attenuate the functional features of NK cells. Herein, we assessed immunomodulatory effects of menstrual blood-derived stromal/stem cells (MenSCs), as a surrogate for eMSCs, on NK cells function. Our results showed that MenSCs induced proliferation of NK cells. However, IFN-γ/IL-1β pretreated MenSCs significantly inhibited NK cell proliferation. Of 41 growth factors tested, MenSCs produced lower levels of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-4, VEGF-A, β-NGF, and M-CSF compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). MenSCs displayed high activity of IDO upon IFN-γ treatment. The antiproliferative potential of IFN-γ/IL-1β-pretreated MenSCs was mediated through IL-6 and TGF-β. MenSCs impaired the cytotoxic activity of NK cells on K562 cells, consistent with the lower expression of perforin, granzymes A, and B. We also observed that in vitro decidualization of MenSCs in the presence of IFN-γ reduced the inhibitory effect of MenSCs on NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 target cells. Additionally, MenSCs were found to be prone to NK cell-mediated lysis in an MHC-independent manner. Our findings imply that dysregulation of NK cells in such pregnancy-related disorders as miscarriage may stem from dysfunctioning of eMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bozorgmehr
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghanavatinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Aleahmad
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Differentiation of Motor Neuron-Like Cells from Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Possible Application to Neuromuscular Junction Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112702. [PMID: 31159418 PMCID: PMC6600529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) are newly identified MSCs and present typical features of MSCs, including having the differentiation capacity into the three germ layers and excellent proliferation capacity. They are easily sourced and are useful for stem cell therapy in various disease states. We previously reported that T-MSCs could be differentiated into skeletal myocytes and Schwann-like cells; therefore, they are a promising candidate for cell therapies for neuromuscular disease. Motor neurons (MNs), which regulate spontaneous behavior, are affected by a wide range of MN diseases (MNDs) for which there are no effective remedies. We investigated the differentiation potential of MN-like cells derived from T-MSCs (T-MSC-MNCs) for application to therapy of MNDs. After the process of MN differentiation, the expression of MN-related markers, including Islet 1, HB9/HLXB9 (HB9), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), was increased when compared with undifferentiated T-MSCs. The secretion of acetylcholine to the conditioned medium was significantly increased after MN differentiation. We cocultured T-MSC-MNCs and human skeletal muscle cells, and confirmed the presence of the acetylcholine receptor clusters, which demonstrated the formation of neuromuscular junctions. The potential functional improvements afforded by these T-MSC-MNCs could be useful in the treatment of MNDs caused by genetic mutation, viral infection, or environmental problems.
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13
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Suo L, Chen H, Zhu L, Wan G, Han X. Activin a promotes myofibroblast differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells via STAT3-dependent Smad/CTGF pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:45. [PMID: 31101053 PMCID: PMC6525394 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis, characterized by the presence of functional endometrial tissues outside the uterus, is one of the most common gynecological disorders. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial for the occurrence and development of endometriosis. Ectopic endometrial MSCs exist in the peritoneal cavity. Thus, the bioactive factors in endometriotic peritoneal fluid may regulate the biological behaviors of endometrial MSCs. Methods In this study, after assessing the concentration of Activin A in peritoneal fluid using ELISA, we isolated and cultured endometrial MSCs and investigated whether Activin A stimulated endometrial MSCs to differentiate into myofibroblasts and clarified the underlying mechanisms by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, RNA interference and Chromatin immunoprecipitation. We also employed the inhibitors of Activin A to explore the possibility of suppressing the development of fibrosis in endometriosis using primary endometrial MSCs cultures and a mouse model of endometriosis. Results Here, we revealed that Activin A significantly elevated in endometriotic peritoneal fluid and activin receptor-like kinase (ALK4), the specific receptor for Activin A, obviously enhanced in ectopic endometrial MSCs compared with eutopic endometrial MSCs from women with or without endometriosis. Next, we found that Activin A drived myofibroblast differentiation of endometrial MSCs, with extremely enhanced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). CTGF was shown to be required for Activin A-induced expression of ACTA2, COL1A1 and FN1 in endometrial MSCs. CTGF induction by Activin A in endometrial MSCs involved the activation of Smad2/3, as evidenced by the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 as well as the binding of Smad2/3 to CTGF promoter. Furthermore, Smad/CTGF pathway in endometrial MSCs required activation of STAT3 while independent of PI3K, JNK and p-38 pathways. In addition, we also demonstrated that inhibition of Activin A pathway impeded myofibroblast differentiation of endometrial MSCs and ameliorated fibrosis in endometriosis mice. Conclusions Activin A promotes myofibroblast differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells via STAT3-dependent Smad/CTGF pathway. The results provided the first evidence that STAT3 acted as a crucial Activin A downstream mediator to regulate CTGF production. Our data may supplement the stem cell theory of endometriosis and provide the experimental basis to treat endometriosis-associated fibrosis by manipulating Activin A signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0361-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Luxuan Suo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Huixian Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Guiping Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China. .,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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14
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Bloise E, Ciarmela P, Dela Cruz C, Luisi S, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Activin A in Mammalian Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:739-780. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be combined with alpha subunits to form inhibins. Activins were discovered in 1986 following the isolation of inhibins from porcine follicular fluid, and were characterized as ovarian hormones that stimulate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release by the pituitary gland. In particular, activin A was shown to be the isoform of greater physiological importance in humans. The current understanding of activin A surpasses the reproductive system and allows its classification as a hormone, a growth factor, and a cytokine. In more than 30 yr of intense research, activin A was localized in female and male reproductive organs but also in other organs and systems as diverse as the brain, liver, lung, bone, and gut. Moreover, its roles include embryonic differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the uterine wall in early pregnancy, and fetal/neonate brain protection in hypoxic conditions. It is now recognized that activin A overexpression may be either cytostatic or mitogenic, depending on the cell type, with important implications for tumor biology. Activin A also regulates bone formation and regeneration, enhances joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, and triggers pathogenic mechanisms in the respiratory system. In this 30-yr review, we analyze the evidence for physiological roles of activin A and the potential use of activin agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
| | - Fernando M. Reis
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and
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15
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The Potential of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration: Novel Aspects. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5748126. [PMID: 30627174 PMCID: PMC6304826 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5748126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Menstrual blood is a unique body fluid that contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells have attracted a great deal of attention due to their exceptional advantages including easy access and frequently accessible sample source and no need for complex ethical and surgical interventions, as compared to other tissues. Menstrual blood-derived MSCs possess all the major stem cell properties and even have a greater proliferation and differentiation potential as compared to bone marrow-derived MSCs, making them a perspective tool in a further clinical practice. Although the potential of menstrual blood stem cells to differentiate into a large variety of tissue cells has been studied in many studies, their chondrogenic properties have not been extensively explored and investigated. Articular cartilage is susceptible to traumas and degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis, and has poor self-regeneration capacity and therefore requires more effective therapeutic technique. MSCs seem promising candidates for cartilage regeneration; however, no clinically effective stem cell-based repair method has yet emerged. This chapter focuses on studies in the field of menstrual blood-derived MSCs and their chondrogenic differentiation potential and suitability for application in cartilage regeneration. Although a very limited number of studies have been made in this field thus far, these cells might emerge as an efficient and easily accessible source of multipotent cells for cartilage engineering and cell-based chondroprotective therapy.
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16
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Choi JW, Nam KM, Choi HR, Huh CH, Park KC. Interactive Roles of Activin A in Epidermal Regeneration. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:755-757. [PMID: 33911529 PMCID: PMC7992442 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.6.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Woong Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang Hun Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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17
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Park S, Jung N, Myung S, Choi Y, Chung KW, Choi BO, Jung SC. Differentiation of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Schwann-Like Cells Improves Neuromuscular Function in a Mouse Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082393. [PMID: 30110925 PMCID: PMC6121309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited motor and sensory neuropathy, and is caused by duplication of PMP22, alterations of which are a characteristic feature of demyelination. The clinical phenotype of CMT1A is determined by the degree of axonal loss, and patients suffer from progressive muscle weakness and impaired sensation. Therefore, we investigated the potential of Schwann-like cells differentiated from human tonsil-derived stem cells (T-MSCs) for use in neuromuscular regeneration in trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, a model of CMT1A. After differentiation, we confirmed the increased expression of Schwann cell (SC) markers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which suggests the differentiation of T-MSCs into SCs (T-MSC-SCs). To test their functional efficiency, the T-MSC-SCs were transplanted into the caudal thigh muscle of Tr-J mice. Recipients’ improved locomotive activity on a rotarod test, and their sciatic function index, which suggests that transplanted T-MSC-SCs ameliorated demyelination and atrophy of nerve and muscle in Tr-J mice. Histological and molecular analyses showed the possibility of in situ remyelination by T-MSC-SCs transplantation. These findings demonstrate that the transplantation of heterologous T-MSC-SCs induced neuromuscular regeneration in mice and suggest they could be useful for the therapeutic treatment of patients with CMT1A disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Seoha Myung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea.
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
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18
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De Berdt P, Bottemanne P, Bianco J, Alhouayek M, Diogenes A, Lloyd A, Llyod A, Gerardo-Nava J, Brook GA, Miron V, Muccioli GG, Rieux AD. Stem cells from human apical papilla decrease neuro-inflammation and stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation via activin-A secretion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2843-2856. [PMID: 29417177 PMCID: PMC11105403 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary damage following spinal cord injury leads to non-reversible lesions and hampering of the reparative process. The local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α can exacerbate these events. Oligodendrocyte death also occurs, followed by progressive demyelination leading to significant tissue degeneration. Dental stem cells from human apical papilla (SCAP) can be easily obtained at the removal of an adult immature tooth. This offers a minimally invasive approach to re-use this tissue as a source of stem cells, as compared to biopsying neural tissue from a patient with a spinal cord injury. We assessed the potential of SCAP to exert neuroprotective effects by investigating two possible modes of action: modulation of neuro-inflammation and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation. SCAP were co-cultured with LPS-activated microglia, LPS-activated rat spinal cord organotypic sections (SCOS), and LPS-activated co-cultures of SCOS and spinal cord adult OPC. We showed for the first time that SCAP can induce a reduction of TNF-α expression and secretion in inflamed spinal cord tissues and can stimulate OPC differentiation via activin-A secretion. This work underlines the potential therapeutic benefits of SCAP for spinal cord injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline De Berdt
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Bottemanne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - John Bianco
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Amy Llyod
- MRC Center for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jose Gerardo-Nava
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary A Brook
- Institute of Neuropathology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Véronique Miron
- MRC Center for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group (BPBL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 73, B1 73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Park S, Choi Y, Kwak G, Hong YB, Jung N, Kim J, Choi BO, Jung SC. Application of differentiated human tonsil-derived stem cells to trembler-J mice. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:478-486. [PMID: 28796340 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various cell types. METHODS In this study we investigated the potential of human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) for neuromuscular regeneration in trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, a model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). RESULTS T-MSCs differentiated toward skeletal myocytes with increased expression of skeletal muscle-related markers (including troponin I type 1, and myogenin), and the formation of myotubes in vitro. In-situ transplantation of T-MSC-derived myocytes (T-MSC myocytes) into the gastrocnemius muscle in Tr-J mice enhanced motor function, with recovery of compound muscle action potential amplitudes. Morphology of the sciatic nerve and skeletal muscle recovered without the formation of teratomas, and the expression levels of nerve growth factor and glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor were increased significantly in T-MSC myocytes compared with T-MSCs in vitro. DISCUSSION Transplantation of T-MSC myocytes could enable neuromuscular regeneration in patients with CMT1A. Muscle Nerve 57: 478-486, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
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Fellows CR, Matta C, Zakany R, Khan IM, Mobasheri A. Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. Front Genet 2016; 7:213. [PMID: 28066501 PMCID: PMC5167763 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC) therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion, and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair. Recent studies have identified several MSC tissue reservoirs including in adipose tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, periosteum, and muscle. MSCs isolated from these discrete tissue niches exhibit distinct biological activities, and have enhanced regenerative potentials for different tissue types. Each MSC type has advantages and disadvantages for cartilage repair and their use in a clinical setting is a balance between expediency and effectiveness. In this review we explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using MSC-based cell therapies and provide an overview of phenotype, biological activities, and functional properties for each MSC population. This paper also specifically explores the therapeutic potential of each type of MSC, particularly focusing on which cells are capable of producing stratified hyaline-like articular cartilage regeneration. Finally we highlight areas for future investigation. Given that patients present with a variety of problems it is unlikely that cartilage regeneration will be a simple "one size fits all," but more likely an array of solutions that need to be applied systematically to achieve regeneration of a biomechanically competent repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csaba Matta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Roza Zakany
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilyas M. Khan
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical CentreNottingham, UK
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Al Madhoun A, Ali H, AlKandari S, Atizado VL, Akhter N, Al-Mulla F, Atari M. Defined three-dimensional culture conditions mediate efficient induction of definitive endoderm lineage from human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 27852316 PMCID: PMC5111269 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are gaining increasing interest as an alternative source of stem cells for regenerative medicine applications. Definitive endoderm (DE) specification is a prerequisite for the development of vital organs such as liver and pancreas. Hence, efficient induction of the DE lineage from stem cells is crucial for subsequent generation of clinically relevant cell types. Here we present a defined 3D differentiation protocol of WJ-MSCs into DE cells. Methods WJ-MSCs were cultured in suspension to generate spheroids, about 1500 cells each, for 7 days. The serum-free differentiation media contained specific growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules that specifically regulate signaling pathways including sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, Activin/Wnt, and Notch. Results We obtained more than 85 % DE cells as shown with FACS analysis using antibodies directed against the DE marker CXCR4. In addition, biochemical and molecular analysis of bona-fide DE markers revealed a time-course induction of Sox17, CXCR4, and FoxA2. Focused PCR-based array also indicated a specific induction into the DE lineage. Conclusions In this study, we report an efficient serum-free protocol to differentiate WJ-MSCs into DE cells utilizing 3D spheroid formation. Our approach might aid in the development of new protocols to obtain DE-derivative lineages including liver-like and pancreatic insulin-producing cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0426-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamad Ali
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180, Dasman, Kuwait.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Sarah AlKandari
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180, Dasman, Kuwait
| | | | - Nadeem Akhter
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, 1180, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Maher Atari
- UIC Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into a Schwann Cell Phenotype and Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111867. [PMID: 27834852 PMCID: PMC5133867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs), which produce neurotropic factors and adhesive molecules, have been reported previously to contribute to structural support and guidance during axonal regeneration; therefore, they are potentially a crucial target in the restoration of injured nervous tissues. Autologous SC transplantation has been performed and has shown promising clinical results for treating nerve injuries and donor site morbidity, and insufficient production of the cells have been considered as a major issue. Here, we performed differentiation of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) into SC-like cells (T-MSC-SCs), to evaluate T-MSC-SCs as an alternative to SCs. Using SC markers such as CAD19, GFAP, MBP, NGFR, S100B, and KROX20 during quantitative real-time PCR we detected the upregulation of NGFR, S100B, and KROX20 and the downregulation of CAD19 and MBP at the fully differentiated stage. Furthermore, we found myelination of axons when differentiated SCs were cocultured with mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. The application of T-MSC-SCs to a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury produced marked improvements in gait and promoted regeneration of damaged nerves. Thus, the transplantation of human T-MSCs might be suitable for assisting in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Wang W, Song B, Anbarchian T, Shirazyan A, Sadik JE, Lyons KM. Smad2 and Smad3 Regulate Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in the Growth Plate. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006352. [PMID: 27741240 PMCID: PMC5065210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβs act through canonical and non-canonical pathways, and canonical signals are transduced via Smad2 and Smad3. However, the contribution of canonical vs. non-canonical pathways in cartilage is unknown because the role of Smad2 in chondrogenesis has not been investigated in vivo. Therefore, we analyzed mice in which Smad2 is deleted in cartilage (Smad2CKO), global Smad3-/- mutants, and crosses of these strains. Growth plates at birth from all mutant strains exhibited expanded columnar and hypertrophic zones, linked to increased proliferation in resting chondrocytes. Defects were more severe in Smad2CKO and Smad2CKO;Smad3-/-(Smad2/3) mutant mice than in Smad3-/- mice, demonstrating that Smad2 plays a role in chondrogenesis. Increased levels of Ihh RNA, a key regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, were seen in prehypertrophic chondrocytes in the three mutant strains at birth. In accordance, TGFβ treatment decreased Ihh RNA levels in primary chondrocytes from control (Smad2fx/fx) mice, but inhibition was impaired in cells from mutants. Consistent with the skeletal phenotype, the impact on TGFβ-mediated inhibition of Ihh RNA expression was more severe in Smad2CKO than in Smad3-/- cells. Putative Smad2/3 binding elements (SBEs) were identified in the proximal Ihh promoter. Mutagenesis demonstrated a role for three of them. ChIP analysis suggested that Smad2 and Smad3 have different affinities for these SBEs, and that the repressors SnoN and Ski were differentially recruited by Smad2 and Smad3, respectively. Furthermore, nuclear localization of the repressor Hdac4 was decreased in growth plates of Smad2CKO and double mutant mice. TGFβ induced association of Hdac4 with Smad2, but not with Smad3, on the Ihh promoter. Overall, these studies revealed that Smad2 plays an essential role in the development of the growth plate, that both Smads 2 and 3 inhibit Ihh expression in the neonatal growth plate, and suggested they accomplish this by binding to distinct SBEs, mediating assembly of distinct repressive complexes. The cartilage growth plate regulates the size and shape of nearly every skeletal element in the body. TGFβs are potent inducers of cartilage formation, but the mechanisms by which they transduce their signals in cartilage during development are poorly understood. Similarly, there is strong evidence that dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway increases the risk for osteoarthritis (OA) in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. TGFβs transduce their signals through a canonical pathway involving Smad2 and Smad3, and through several non-canonical pathways. However, the roles of canonical vs. noncanonical signaling are unknown in cartilage because the combined roles of Smad2 and Smad3 have not been determined. We generated mice lacking both Smad2 and Smad3 in cartilage in order to determine the role of canonical TGFβ signaling during embryonic development. We determined that Smad2 has a more prominent role than Smad3 in non-hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate, and identified elevated levels of Ihh RNA in neonatal cartilage in Smad2 and Smad3 mutants. These findings may be important because Ihh is a vital regulator of cartilage proliferation and differentiation during cartilage development. More generally, the studies identify how Smad2 and Smad3 can regulate a common target gene through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Buer Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Teni Anbarchian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Shirazyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua E. Sadik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Roy B, Curtis ME, Fears LS, Nahashon SN, Fentress HM. Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis and Muscle Atrophy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27746742 PMCID: PMC5040721 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and osteoporosis are two alarming health disorders prominent among middle and old age populations, and the numbers of those affected by these two disorders are increasing. It is estimated that more than 600 million adults are obese and over 200 million people have osteoporosis worldwide. Interestingly, both of these abnormalities share some common features including a genetic predisposition, and a common origin: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Obesity is characterized by the expression of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), growth hormone (GH), parathyroid hormone (PTH), angiotensin II (Ang II), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), Advance glycation end products (AGE), and myostatin, which exert their effects by modulating the signaling pathways within bone and muscle. Chemical messengers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, AGE, leptins) that are upregulated or downregulated as a result of obesity have been shown to act as negative regulators of osteoblasts, osteocytes and muscles, as well as positive regulators of osteoclasts. These additive effects of obesity ultimately increase the risk for osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. The aim of this review is to identify the potential cellular mechanisms through which obesity may facilitate osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipradas Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary E Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Letimicia S Fears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel N Nahashon
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hugh M Fentress
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University Nashville, TN, USA
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25
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Jeong W, Yang X, Lee J, Ryoo Y, Kim J, Oh Y, Kwon S, Liu D, Son D. Serial changes in the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells after ionizing radiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27530249 PMCID: PMC4988041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are important to homeostasis and the regeneration of subcutaneous fat. Hence, we examined the proliferation and differentiation capacity of irradiated ASCs over time. Methods Two female pigs received a single 18 Gy dose of ionizing radiation to an 18 × 8 cm area on the dorsal body skin via a 6 MeV electron beam. After irradiation, the ASCs were cultured from adipose tissue harvested from a non-irradiated area and an irradiated area at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The proliferation capacity of ASCs was evaluated by a colony-forming units–fibroblasts (CFUs-Fs) assay, a cholecystokinin (CCK) test with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), and a 1 % FBS culture test. The senescence of ASCs was evaluated through morphological examination, immunophenotyping, and β-galactosidase activity, and the multipotent differentiation potential of ASCs was evaluated in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation media. Results Irradiated ASCs demonstrated significantly decreased proliferative capacity 6 weeks after irradiation. As well, the cells underwent senescence, which was confirmed by blunted morphology, weak mesenchymal cell surface marker expression, and elevated β-galactosidase activity. Irradiated ASCs also exhibited significant losses in the capacity for adipocyte and chondrocyte differentiation. In contrast, osteogenic differentiation was preserved in irradiated ASCs. Conclusions We observed decreased proliferation and senescence of irradiated ASCs compared to non-irradiated ASCs 6 weeks after irradiation. Furthermore, irradiated ASCs demonstrated impaired adipocyte and chondrocyte differentiation but retained their osteogenic differentiation capacity. Our results could shed light on additional pathogenic effects of late irradiation, including subcutaneous fibrosis and calcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonhyeok Jeong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeongmi Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwook Ryoo
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkee Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dalie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daegu Son
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Choi Y, Jung N, Yu Y, Ryu KH, Kim HS, Jo I, Choi BO, Jung SC. Myogenic differentiation potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their potential for use to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1209-20. [PMID: 27035161 PMCID: PMC4829138 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are regarded as an important source of cells which may be used to promote the regeneration of skeletal muscle (SKM) which has been damaged due to defects in the organization of muscle tissue caused by congenital diseases, trauma or tumor removal. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which require less invasive harvesting techniques, represent a valuable source of cells for stem cell therapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) may differentiate into myogenic cells in vitro and that the transplantation of myoblasts and myocytes generated from human T-MSCs mediates the recovery of muscle function in vivo. In order to induce myogenic differentiation, the T-MSC-derived spheres were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with 1 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β, non-essential amino acids and insulin-transferrin-selenium for 4 days followed by culture in myogenic induction medium [low-glucose DMEM containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)] for 14 days. The T-MSCs sequentially differentiated into myoblasts and skeletal myocytes, as evidenced by the increased expression of skeletal myogenesis-related markers [including α-actinin, troponin I type 1 (TNNI1) and myogenin] and the formation of myotubes in vitro. The in situ transplantation of T-MSCs into mice with a partial myectomy of the right gastrocnemius muscle enhanced muscle function, as demonstrated by gait assessment (footprint analysis), and restored the shape of SKM without forming teratomas. Thus, T-MSCs may differentiate into myogenic cells and effectively regenerate SKM following injury. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of T-MSCs to promote SKM regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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Luz-Crawford P, Torres MJ, Noël D, Fernandez A, Toupet K, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Tejedor G, Jorgensen C, Illanes SE, Figueroa FE, Djouad F, Khoury M. The immunosuppressive signature of menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cells entails opposite effects on experimental arthritis and graft versus host diseases. Stem Cells 2015; 34:456-69. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniele Noël
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Ainoa Fernandez
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Cells for Cells; Santiago Chile
| | - Karine Toupet
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Cells for Cells; Santiago Chile
| | - Gautier Tejedor
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - Sebastian E. Illanes
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Fernando E. Figueroa
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Farida Djouad
- Inserm, U1183; Montpellier France
- University Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Cells for Cells; Santiago Chile
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Heo JS, Choi Y, Kim HS, Kim HO. Comparison of molecular profiles of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta and adipose tissue. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:115-25. [PMID: 26719857 PMCID: PMC4687432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are clinically useful due to their capacity for self-renewal, their immunomodulatory properties and tissue regenerative potential. These cells can be isolated from various tissues and exhibit different potential for clinical applications according to their origin, and thus comparative studies on MSCs from different tissues are essential. In this study, we investigated the immunophenotype, proliferative potential, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs derived from different tissue sources, namely bone marrow, adipose tissue, the placenta and umbilical cord blood. The gene expression profiles of stemness-related genes [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), sex determining region Y-box (SOX)2, MYC, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), NANOG, LIN28 and REX1] and lineage-related and differentiation stage-related genes [B4GALNT1 (GM2/GS2 synthase), inhibin, beta A (INHBA), distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPA), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and SOX9] were compared using RT-PCR. No significant differences in growth rate, colony-forming efficiency and immunophenotype were observed. Our results demonstrated that MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue shared not only in vitro trilineage differentiation potential, but also gene expression profiles. While there was considerable interdonor variation in DLX5 expression between MSCs derived from different tissues, its expression appears to be associated with the osteogenic potential of MSCs. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) significantly inhibited allogeneic T cell proliferation possibly via the high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines, IL10 and TGFB1. Although MSCs derived from different tissues and fibroblasts share many characteristics, some of the marker genes, such as B4GALNT1 and DLX5 may be useful for the characterization of MSCs derived from different tissue sources. Collectively, our results suggest that, based on their tri-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory effects, BM-MSCs and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (A-MSCs) represent the optimal stem cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Seok Heo
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjeong Choi
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soo Kim
- Institute for Bio‑Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bashir M, Damineni S, Mukherjee G, Kondaiah P. Activin-A signaling promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastatic growth of breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2015; 1:15007. [PMID: 28721365 PMCID: PMC5515205 DOI: 10.1038/npjbcancer.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activins belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines. Although the role of TGF-β in cancer progression has been highly advocated, the role of activin signaling in cancer is not well known. However, overexpression of activin-A has been observed in several cancers. Aims: The gene expression profile indicated higher expression of Activin-A in breast tumors. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the status and role of Activin signaling pathway in these tumors. Methods: Microarray analysis was performed to reveal gene expression changes in breast tumors. The results were validated by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analysis in two independent sets of normal and tumor samples. Further, correlation of activin expression with survival and distant metastasis was performed to evaluate its possible role in tumor progression. We used recombinant activin-A, inhibitors, overexpression, and knockdown strategies both in vitro and in vivo, to understand the mechanism underlying the protumorigenic role of this signaling pathway. Results: We report that activin-A signaling is hyperactivated in breast cancers as indicated by higher activin-A, phosphoSMAD2, and phosphoSMAD3 levels in advanced breast cancers. Bone morphogenetic proteins and molecules involved in this signaling pathway were downregulated, suggesting its suppression in breast cancers. Activin-A expression correlates inversely with survival and metastasis in advanced breast cancers. Further, activin-A promotes anchorage-independent growth, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, angiogenesis, and stemness of breast cancer cells. We show that activin-A-induced phenotype is mediated by SMAD signaling pathway. In addition, activin-A expression affects the tumor-forming ability and metastatic colonization of cancer cells in nude mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that activin-A has a critical role in breast cancer progression and, hence, targeting this pathway can be a valuable strategy in treating breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Bashir
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Surekha Damineni
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Geetashree Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Steinert AF, Kunz M, Prager P, Göbel S, Klein-Hitpass L, Ebert R, Nöth U, Jakob F, Gohlke F. Characterization of bursa subacromialis-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 26036250 PMCID: PMC4479225 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bursa subacromialis (BS) provides the gliding mechanism of the shoulder and regenerates itself after surgical removal. Therefore, we explored the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the human adult BS tissue and characterized the BS cells compared to MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs) on a molecular level. Methods BS cells were isolated by collagenase digest from BS tissues derived from patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears, and BMSCs were recovered by adherent culture from bone-marrow of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. BS cells and BMSCs were compared upon their potential to proliferate and differentiate along chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages under specific culture conditions. Expression profiles of markers associated with mesenchymal phenotypes were comparatively evaluated by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and whole genome array analyses. Results BS cells and BMSCs appeared mainly fibroblastic and revealed almost similar surface antigen expression profiles, which was CD44+, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD106+, STRO-1+, CD14−, CD31−, CD34−, CD45−, CD144−. Array analyses revealed 1969 genes upregulated and 1184 genes downregulated in BS cells vs. BMSCs, indicating a high level of transcriptome similarity. After 3 weeks of differentiation culture, BS cells and BMSCs showed a similar strong chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic potential, as shown by histological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses in contrast to the respective negative controls. Conclusions Our in vitro characterizations show that BS cells fulfill all characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, and therefore merit further attention for the development of improved therapies for various shoulder pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Steinert
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Manuela Kunz
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Prager
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Göbel
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioChip Laboratory, Essen, Germany.
| | - Regina Ebert
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Franz Jakob
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Gohlke
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Present address: Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Rhön Klinikum AG, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany.
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Dental pulp stem cells suppress the proliferation of lymphocytes via transforming growth factor-β1. Hum Cell 2015; 28:81-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-014-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Borges LE, Bloise E, Dela Cruz C, Massai L, Ciarmela P, Apa R, Luisi S, Severi FM, Petraglia F, Reis FM. Expression, localization and control of activin A release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Growth Factors 2015; 33:243-9. [PMID: 26340032 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activin-A is a member of the TGFβ superfamily found in maternal and umbilical cord blood throughout gestation. We investigated whether human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express activin-A in vivo and tested the effects of vasoactive (endothelin-1), pro-inflammatory (interferon-γ, interleukin-8) and anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone, urocortin) factors on activin-A release by isolated HUVEC in vitro. Activin βA subunit protein and mRNA were strongly localized in the endothelial cells of umbilical veins and were also detectable in scattered cells of the cord connective tissue. Dimeric activin-A was detected in the HUVEC culture medium at picomolar concentrations. Activin-A release by HUVEC decreased after cell incubation with urocortin (p < 0.01), whereas no effect was observed with interleukin-8, interferon-γ, endothelin-1 or dexamethasone. In summary, activin-A is present in the human umbilical vein endothelium in vivo and is produced and released by isolated HUVEC. Activin-A secretion is inhibited in vitro by urocortin, a neuropeptide with predominantly anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia E Borges
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- b Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology , Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Lauretta Massai
- c Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences , University of Siena , Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- d Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Rosanna Apa
- e Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy , and
| | - Stefano Luisi
- f Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Filiberto M Severi
- f Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- f Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Fernando M Reis
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Chatterjee D, Marquardt N, Tufa DM, Hatlapatka T, Hass R, Kasper C, von Kaisenberg C, Schmidt RE, Jacobs R. Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Utilize Activin-A to Suppress Interferon-γ Production by Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:662. [PMID: 25584044 PMCID: PMC4278046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), interferon (IFN)-γ levels in the recipient's body can strongly influence the clinical outcome. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are lucrative as biological tolerance-inducers in HSCT settings. Hence, we studied the molecular mechanism of how UC-MSCs influence natural killer (NK) cell-mediated IFN-γ production. Allogeneic NK cells were cultured in direct contact with UC-MSCs or cell-free supernatants from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures (MSC-conditioned media). We found that soluble factors secreted by UC-MSCs strongly suppressed interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18-induced IFN-γ production by NK cells by reducing phosphorylation of STAT4, NF-κB, as well as T-bet activity. UC-MSCs secreted considerable amounts of activin-A, which could suppress IFN-γ production by NK cells. Neutralization of activin-A in MSC-conditioned media significantly abrogated their suppressive abilities. Till date, multiple groups have reported that prostaglandin (PG)-E2 produced by MSCs can suppress NK cell functions. Indeed, we found that inhibition of PGE2 production by MSCs could also significantly restore IFN-γ production. However, the effects of activin-A and PGE2 were not cumulative. To the best of our knowledge, we are first to report the role of activin-A in MSC-mediated suppression of IFN-γ production by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjana Chatterjee
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Nicole Marquardt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Dejene Milkessa Tufa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Tim Hatlapatka
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - Ralf Hass
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Tumor Biology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover , Hannover , Germany ; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science , Vienna , Austria
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Reinhold Ernst Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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Karlsen TA, Jakobsen RB, Mikkelsen TS, Brinchmann JE. microRNA-140 targets RALA and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by translational enhancement of SOX9 and ACAN. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:290-304. [PMID: 24063364 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesions of articular cartilage do not heal spontaneously. One treatment strategy would be to make cartilage in the laboratory by directed chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To promote our understanding of the molecular control of chondrogenesis, we have compared the changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) during in vitro chondrogenesis of MSCs with those observed in uncultured and dedifferentiated articular chondrocytes (ACs). Several miRNAs showed a reciprocal relationship during the differentiation of MSCs and dedifferentiation of ACs. miR-140-5p and miR-140-3p changed the most during in vitro chondrogenesis, they were the miRNAs most highly expressed in tissue-engineered chondrocytes, and they were also among the miRNAs most highly expressed in uncultured ACs. There was a 57% overlap for the 100 most highly expressed miRNAs in differentiated MSCs and uncultured ACs, but for other miRNAs, the expression pattern was quite different. We transiently and stably inhibited and overexpressed miR-140-5p and miR-140-3p in differentiating MSCs and dedifferentiating ACs, respectively, to describe global effects and identify and validate new targets. Surprisingly, SOX9 and aggrecan proteins were found to be downregulated in anti-miR-140 transduced differentiating MSCs despite unchanged mRNA levels. This suggests that miR-140 stimulates in vitro chondrogenesis by the upregulation of these molecules at the protein level. RALA, a small GTPase, was identified as a miR-140 target and knockdown experiments showed that RALA regulated SOX9 at the protein level. These observations shed new light on the effect of miR-140 for chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Karlsen
- 1 Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital , Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Jackson WM, Lozito TP, Djouad F, Kuhn NZ, Nesti LJ, Tuan RS. Differentiation and regeneration potential of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from traumatized muscle tissue. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2377-88. [PMID: 21129154 PMCID: PMC3131486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach to promote tissue regeneration by either differentiating the MSCs into the desired cell type or by using their trophic functions to promote endogenous tissue repair. These strategies of regenerative medicine are limited by the availability of MSCs at the point of clinical care. Our laboratory has recently identified multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) in traumatically injured muscle tissue, and the objective of this study was to compare these cells to a typical population of bone marrow derived MSCs. Our hypothesis was that the MPCs exhibit multilineage differentiation and expression of trophic properties that make functionally them equivalent to bone marrow derived MSCs for tissue regeneration therapies. Quantitative evaluation of their proliferation, metabolic activity, expression of characteristic cell-surface markers and baseline gene expression profile demonstrate substantial similarity between the two cell types. The MPCs were capable of differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, but they appeared to demonstrate limited lineage commitment compared to the bone marrow derived MSCs. The MPCs also exhibited trophic (i.e. immunoregulatory and pro-angiogenic) properties that were comparable to those of MSCs. These results suggest that the traumatized muscle derived MPCs may not be a direct substitute for bone marrow derived MSCs. However, because of their availability and abundance, particularly following orthopaedic injuries when traumatized muscle is available to harvest autologous cells, MPCs are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine therapies designed to take advantage of their trophic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Jackson
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Montero JA, Lorda-Diez CI, Hurlé JM. Regenerative medicine and connective tissues: cartilage versus tendon. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:337-47. [DOI: 10.1002/term.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kovacic N, Grcevic D, Katavic V, Lukic IK, Marusic A. Targeting Fas in osteoresorptive disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:1121-34. [PMID: 20854180 PMCID: PMC3035871 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.522347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Fas receptor is a mediator of the external apoptotic pathway in many cells and tissues. It is proposed that Fas receptor mediates osteoresorptive effects of estrogen deficiency and local/systemic inflammation. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review covers the past two decades of research on the expression and function of the Fas-Fas ligand system on bone cells, involvement in the pathogenesis of osteoresorption and potential therapeutic modulation. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN We review the structure, biological function and intracellular signaling pathways of the Fas-Fas ligand system emphasizing the role of the non-apoptotic signaling pathways in bone cells, particularly osteoblast differentiation. We also present data on the in vitro expression and function of the Fas-Fas ligand system on osteoblast/osteoclast lineage cells, animal and human studies confirming its involvement in osteoresorptive disorders and potential therapeutic approaches to modulate its function. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Tissue specific therapeutic approaches need to be established to modify the Fas-Fas ligand system in osteoresorptive disorders as systemic targeting has many side effects. The most promising approach would be to target Fas signaling molecules coupled with osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation pathways, but a precise definition of these targets is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Kovacic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia.
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Jackson WM, Nesti LJ, Tuan RS. Potential therapeutic applications of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:505-17. [PMID: 20218920 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003610606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Mesenchymal adult stem cells have properties that make them attractive for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They are inherently plastic, enabling them to differentiate along different lineages, and promote wound healing and regeneration of surrounding tissues by modulating immune and inflammatory responses, promoting angiogenesis and secreting other trophic factors. Unlike embryonic stem cells, clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells are not encumbered by ethical considerations or legal restrictions. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We discuss skeletal muscle as a source of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells by reviewing their biology and current applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This paper covers literature from the last 5 - 10 years. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Skeletal muscle is a plentiful source of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. This tissue may be obtained via routine biopsy or collection after surgical debridement. We describe the biology of these cells and provide an overview of therapeutic applications currently being developed to take advantage of their regenerative properties. TAKE HOME MESSAGE There is potential for stem and progenitor cells derived from skeletal muscle to be incorporated in clinical interventions, either as a cellular therapy to modify the natural history of disease or as a component of engineered tissue constructs that can replace diseased or damaged tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley M Jackson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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