1
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The Dialogue Between Neuroinflammation and Adult Neurogenesis: Mechanisms Involved and Alterations in Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:923-959. [PMID: 36383328 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs mainly in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Evidence supports the critical role of adult neurogenesis in various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several factors can alter adult neurogenesis, including genetic, epigenetic, age, physical activity, diet, sleep status, sex hormones, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, exerting either pro-neurogenic or anti-neurogenic effects. Compelling evidence suggests that any insult or injury to the CNS, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), infectious diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders, can provoke an inflammatory response in the CNS. This inflammation could either promote or inhibit neurogenesis, depending on various factors, such as chronicity and severity of the inflammation and underlying neurological disorders. Notably, neuroinflammation, driven by different immune components such as activated glia, cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species, can regulate every step of adult neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival of newborn neurons, maturation, synaptogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to present recent findings regarding the effects of various components of the immune system on adult neurogenesis and to provide a better understanding of the role of neuroinflammation and neurogenesis in the context of neurological disorders, including AD, PD, ischemic stroke (IS), seizure/epilepsy, TBI, sleep deprivation, cognitive impairment, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. For each disorder, some of the most recent therapeutic candidates, such as curcumin, ginseng, astragaloside, boswellic acids, andrographolide, caffeine, royal jelly, estrogen, metformin, and minocycline, have been discussed based on the available preclinical and clinical evidence.
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2
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Wang M, Liu H, Ma Z. Roles of the Cannabinoid System in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:832854. [PMID: 35264932 PMCID: PMC8900732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.832854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease usually caused by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and other etiologies. Recent studies have found that the cannabinoid system present in the basal ganglia has a strong influence on the progression of PD. Altering the cannabinoid receptor activation status by modulating endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) levels can exert an anti-movement disorder effect. Therefore, the development of drugs that modulate the endocannabinoid system may be a novel strategy for the treatment of PD. However, eCB regulation is complex, with diverse cannabinoid receptor functions and the presence of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric signals interacting with cannabinoid signaling in the basal ganglia region. Therefore, the study of eCB is challenging. Here, we have described the function of the cannabinoid system in the basal ganglia and its association with PD in three parts (eCBs, cannabinoid receptors, and factors regulating the cannabinoid metabolism) and summarized the mechanisms of action related to the cannabinoid analogs currently aimed at treating PD. The shortcomings identified from previous studies and the directions that should be explored in the future will provide insights into new approaches and ideas for the future development of cannabinoid-based drugs and the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huayuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zegang Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zegang Ma,
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3
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Marchetti B, Tirolo C, L'Episcopo F, Caniglia S, Testa N, Smith JA, Pluchino S, Serapide MF. Parkinson's disease, aging and adult neurogenesis: Wnt/β-catenin signalling as the key to unlock the mystery of endogenous brain repair. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13101. [PMID: 32050297 PMCID: PMC7059166 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases is an impairment of adult neurogenesis. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin (WβC) signalling is a vital pathway for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurogenesis and an essential signalling system during embryonic development and aging, the most critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there is no known cause or cure for PD. Here we focus on the potential to reawaken the impaired neurogenic niches to rejuvenate and repair the aged PD brain. Specifically, we highlight WβC-signalling in the plasticity of the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest germinal region in the mature brain innervated by nigrostriatal DAergic terminals, and the mesencephalic aqueduct-periventricular region (Aq-PVR) Wnt-sensitive niche, which is in proximity to the SNpc and harbors neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) with DAergic potential. The hallmark of the WβC pathway is the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and associates with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors, leading to the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we underscore the dynamic interplay between DAergic innervation and astroglial-derived factors regulating WβC-dependent transcription of key genes orchestrating NSC proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Aging, inflammation and oxidative stress synergize with neurotoxin exposure in "turning off" the WβC neurogenic switch via down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Wnt-regulated signalosome, a key player in the maintenance of antioxidant self-defense mechanisms and NSC homeostasis. Harnessing WβC-signalling in the aged PD brain can thus restore neurogenesis, rejuvenate the microenvironment, and promote neurorescue and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | | | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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4
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Ilkiw JL, Lima MMS. Perspectives for the association between olfactory disturbances and depression in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:591-592. [PMID: 30632496 PMCID: PMC6352594 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.247461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ilkiw
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M S Lima
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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5
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Oktiansyah R, Juliandi B, Widayati KA, Juniantito V. Neuronal Cell Death and Mouse ( Mus musculus) Behaviour Induced by Bee Venom. Trop Life Sci Res 2018; 29:1-11. [PMID: 30112137 PMCID: PMC6072724 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death can occur in a tissue or organ, including the brain, which affects memory. The objectives of this study were to determine the dose of bee venom that causes neuronal death and analyse the alteration of mouse behaviour, focusing in particular on spatial memory. Fifteen male mice of Deutsche Denken Yoken (DDY) strain were divided into control and treatment groups. Bee venom was injected six times for two weeks intraperitoneally with 1.88 mg/kg, 3.76 mg/kg, 5.6 mg/kg, and 7.48 mg/kg doses of venom. Brain histology was studied using haematoxylin-eosin stained paraffin embedded 5 μm coronal sections. A Y maze test was used to assay behaviour. Parameters observed were the number of dead neurons and the percentage of mice with altered behaviour. ANOVA showed that the effects of bee venom were significantly different in the case of the neuronal death parameter but were not significantly different in the case of the mice behaviour parameter. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) demonstrated that P4 (7.48 mg/kg) gave the highest effect of bee venom to promote neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Oktiansyah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Berry Juliandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Kanthi Arum Widayati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Vetnizah Juniantito
- Department of Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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6
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Chen JJ, Wang T, An CD, Jiang CY, Zhao J, Li S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a mediator of inflammation-associated neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:793-811. [PMID: 27508959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In early- or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation, which is triggered by pathologic conditions, influences the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a crucial mediator of neurogenesis, because it exhibits a remarkable activity-dependent regulation of expression, which suggests that it may link inflammation to neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that acute and chronic inflammation in AD differentially modulates neurotrophin functions, which are related to the roles of inflammation in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies also indicate novel mechanisms of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection, including the modulation of autophagy. Numerous research studies have demonstrated reverse parallel alterations between proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF during neurodegeneration; thus, we hypothesize that one mechanism that underlies the negative impact of chronic inflammation on neurogenesis is the reduction of BDNF production and function by proinflammatory cytokines.
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7
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Mao Z, Liu C, Ji S, Yang Q, Ye H, Han H, Xue Z. The NLRP3 Inflammasome is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1104-1115. [PMID: 28247334 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) are complicated and have not been fully elucidated, but an important association has been identified between inflammation and PD. In this study, we investigated the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, consisting of NLRP3, caspase-1 and cytokines of the IL-1 family, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. Microinjection of different doses of caspase-1 inhibitor (Ac-YVAD-CMK, 300 or 1200 ng/rat) was performed for seven consecutive days. Then, rotational behavior, the number of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components were measured 14 days after the microinjection setup was established. Results showed that high mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components were observed in the injected side of the LPS- and 6-OHDA-induced PD rats; Ac-YVAD-CMK inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in both LPS- and 6-OHDA-induced PD rats. Moreover, the number of rotations was significantly decreased, and the number of DA neurons in the SNc improved. Our data indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in the pathogenesis of PD and that inhibiting the downstream pathway of the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis can alleviate the occurrence of PD symptoms, providing a new basis for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Suqiong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qingmei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Hongxiang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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8
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Fricke IB, Viel T, Worlitzer MM, Collmann FM, Vrachimis A, Faust A, Wachsmuth L, Faber C, Dollé F, Kuhlmann MT, Schäfers K, Hermann S, Schwamborn JC, Jacobs AH. 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease-like degeneration generates acute microgliosis and astrogliosis in the nigrostriatal system but no bioluminescence imaging-detectable alteration in adult neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1352-65. [PMID: 26950181 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), leading to severe impairment in motor and non-motor functions. Endogenous subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cells constantly give birth to new cells that might serve as a possible source for regeneration in the adult brain. However, neurodegeneration is accompanied by neuroinflammation and dopamine depletion, potentially compromising regeneration. We therefore employed in vivo imaging methods to study striatal deafferentation (N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[(123) I]iodophenyl)nortropane single photon emission computed tomography, DaTscan(™) ) and neuroinflammation in the SN and striatum (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2-[(18) F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide positron emission tomography, [(18) F]DPA-714 PET) in the intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson's disease mouse model. Additionally, we transduced cells in the SVZ with a lentivirus encoding firefly luciferase and followed migration of progenitor cells in the SVZ-olfactory bulb axis via bioluminescence imaging under disease and control conditions. We found that activation of microglia in the SN is an acute process accompanying the degeneration of dopaminergic cell bodies in the SN. Dopaminergic deafferentation of the striatum does not influence the generation of doublecortin-positive neuroblasts in the SVZ, but generates chronic astrogliosis in the nigrostriatal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga B Fricke
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Viel
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maik M Worlitzer
- ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska M Collmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexis Vrachimis
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,DFG EXC 1003, Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany
| | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA, I2BM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Michael T Kuhlmann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,DFG EXC 1003, Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,DFG EXC 1003, Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,DFG EXC 1003, Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', Münster, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
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9
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ALCAR Exerts Neuroprotective and Pro-Neurogenic Effects by Inhibition of Glial Activation and Oxidative Stress via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Parkinsonian Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Le Grand JN, Gonzalez-Cano L, Pavlou MA, Schwamborn JC. Neural stem cells in Parkinson's disease: a role for neurogenesis defects in onset and progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:773-97. [PMID: 25403878 PMCID: PMC11113294 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, leading to a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Interestingly, non-motor symptoms often appear a decade or more before the first signs of motor symptoms. Some of these non-motor symptoms are remarkably similar to those observed in cases of impaired neurogenesis and several PD-related genes have been shown to play a role in embryonic or adult neurogenesis. Indeed, animal models deficient in Nurr1, Pitx3, SNCA and PINK1 display deregulated embryonic neurogenesis and LRRK2 and VPS35 have been implicated in neuronal development-related processes such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling and neurite outgrowth. Moreover, adult neurogenesis is affected in both PD patients and PD animal models and is regulated by dopamine and dopaminergic (DA) receptors, by chronic neuroinflammation, such as that observed in PD, and by differential expression of wild-type or mutant forms of PD-related genes. Indeed, an increasing number of in vivo studies demonstrate a role for SNCA and LRRK2 in adult neurogenesis and in the generation and maintenance of DA neurons. Finally, the roles of PD-related genes, SNCA, LRRK2, VPS35, Parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1 have been studied in NSCs, progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, demonstrating a role for some of these genes in stem/progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance. Together, these studies strongly suggest a link between deregulated neurogenesis and the onset and progression of PD and present strong evidence that, in addition to a neurodegenerative disorder, PD can also be regarded as a developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Nicole Le Grand
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Cano
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Angeliki Pavlou
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C. Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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11
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Harnessing neurogenesis for the possible treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2817-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Chen Y, Wei Y, Liu J, Zhang H. Chemotactic responses of neural stem cells to SDF-1α correlate closely with their differentiation status. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:219-33. [PMID: 24659235 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) is regulated by a variety of factors, and much effort has been devoted to the delineation of factors that are involved in NSC migration. However, the relationship between NSC chemotactic migration and differentiation remains uncharacterized. In the present study, by comparing the transfilter migration rate, single-cell migration speed, and directional efficiency of NSCs in stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α)-induced Boyden chamber and Dunn chamber chemotaxis assays, we demonstrate that NSCs in varying differentiation stages possess different migratory capacity. Furthermore, F-actin microfilament reorganization upon stimulation varies greatly among separate differentiation states. We show that signaling pathways involved in NSC migration, such as PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK) pathways, are differentially activated by SDF-1α among each NSC differentiation stages, and the extent to which these pathways participate in cell chemotaxis exhibits a differentiation stage-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that the differentiation of NSCs influences their chemotactic responses to SDF-1α, providing new insight into the optimization of the therapeutic efficacy of NSCs for neural regeneration and nerve repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebing Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Ren Ai Road 199, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, China
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13
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Worlitzer MMA, Schwamborn JC. The Notch co-repressor protein NKAP is highly expressed in adult mouse subventricular zone neural progenitor cells. Neuroscience 2014; 266:138-49. [PMID: 24583034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain niches for neural stem cells are maintained, which enable a steady-state neurogenesis. This process is tightly regulated by multiple niche factors, including Notch and NF-κB signaling. The NF-κB-activating-protein (NKAP) has previously been shown to act as Notch co-repressor component by binding CIR and recruiting HDAC3 in T-cell development and furthermore to regulate NF-κB-dependent transcription. Here, we provide first evidence for the expression of NKAP in neurogenic cells of the adult mammalian brain. NKAP is highly expressed in Mash1(+) transit amplifying cells and PSA-NCAM(+) migrating neuroblasts throughout the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the rostral migratory stream (RMS), as well as in the hippocampus. We further show that NKAP expression levels are downregulated during the course of the RMS. Eventually, most differentiated cells in the olfactory bulb (OB) and the corpus callosum only display low levels of NKAP expression. Finally, large subsets of mature neurons in the OB, the hippocampus and the thalamus express NKAP at high levels, suggesting an additional role of NKAP outside of SVZ progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M A Worlitzer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, Germany
| | - J C Schwamborn
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Von-Esmarch-Straße 56, 48149 Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.
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14
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Worlitzer MMA, Viel T, Jacobs AH, Schwamborn JC. The majority of newly generated cells in the adult mouse substantia nigra express low levels of Doublecortin, but their proliferation is unaffected by 6-OHDA-induced nigral lesion or Minocycline-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2684-92. [PMID: 23734736 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). However, whether regenerative endogenous neurogenesis is taking place in the mammalian SN of parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian brains remains of debate. Here, we tested whether proliferating cells in the SN and their neurogenic potential would be affected by anti-inflammatory treatment under physiological conditions and in the 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) Parkinson's disease mouse model. We report that the majority of newly generated nigral cells are positive for Doublecortin (Dcx), which is an often used marker for neural progenitor cells. Yet, Dcx expression levels in these cells were much lower than in neural progenitor cells of the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, these newly generated nigral cells are negative for neuronal lineage markers such as TuJ1 and NeuN. Therefore, their neuronal commitment is questionable. Instead, we found evidence for oligodendrogenesis and astrogliosis in the SN. Finally, neither short-term nor long-term inhibition of neuroinflammation by Minocycline- or 6-OHDA-induced lesion affected the numbers of newly generated cells in our disease paradigm. Our findings of adult generated Dcx(+) cells in the SN add important data for understanding the cellular composition and consequently the regenerative capacity of the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik M A Worlitzer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Münster, Germany
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Bahnassawy L, Nicklas S, Palm T, Menzl I, Birzele F, Gillardon F, Schwamborn JC. The parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 mutation R1441G inhibits neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2487-96. [PMID: 23600457 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene cause familial as well as sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) that is characterized by an age-dependent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. LRRK2 is strongly expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs), but still the exact molecular function of LRRK2 in these cells remains unknown. By performing a systemic analysis of the gene expression profile of LRRK2-deficient NSCs, we found that the expression of several PD-associated genes, such as oxidation and reduction in mitochondria, are deregulated on LRRK2 absence. Our data, indeed, indicate that LRRK2 regulates the level of cellular oxidative stress and thereby influences the survival of NSCs. Furthermore, the lack of LRRK2 leads to an up-regulation of neuronal differentiation-inducing processes, including the Let-7a pathway. On the other hand, the constitutive mutant of LRRK2(R1441G), known to cause PD, leads to down-regulation of the same pathway. In agreement with the function of Let-7a during neuronal differentiation, LRRK2-deficient NSCs differentiate faster than wild-type cells, while LRRK2(R1441G)-expressing NSCs show impaired neuronal differentiation. These results might help better characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of LRRK2 in NSCs and would further improve potential cell-replacement strategies as well as drug discovery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia'a Bahnassawy
- Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, ZMBE, Institute of Cell Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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Reekmans K, De Vocht N, Praet J, Fransen E, Le Blon D, Hoornaert C, Daans J, Goossens H, Van der Linden A, Berneman Z, Ponsaerts P. Spatiotemporal evolution of early innate immune responses triggered by neural stem cell grafting. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:56. [PMID: 23241452 PMCID: PMC3580486 DOI: 10.1186/scrt147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is increasingly suggested to become part of future therapeutic approaches to improve functional outcome of various central nervous system disorders. However, recently it has become clear that only a small fraction of grafted NSCs display long-term survival in the (injured) adult mouse brain. Given the clinical invasiveness of NSC grafting into brain tissue, profound characterisation and understanding of early post-transplantation events is imperative to claim safety and efficacy of cell-based interventions. Methods Here, we applied in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and post-mortem quantitative histological analysis to determine the localisation and survival of grafted NSCs at early time points post-transplantation. Results An initial dramatic cell loss (up to 80% of grafted cells) due to apoptosis could be observed within the first 24 hours post-implantation, coinciding with a highly hypoxic NSC graft environment. Subsequently, strong spatiotemporal microglial and astroglial cell responses were initiated, which stabilised by day 5 post-implantation and remained present during the whole observation period. Moreover, the increase in astrocyte density was associated with a high degree of astroglial scarring within and surrounding the graft site. During the two-week follow up in this study, the NSC graft site underwent extensive remodelling with NSC graft survival further declining to around 1% of the initial number of grafted cells. Conclusions The present study quantitatively describes the early post-transplantation events following NSC grafting in the adult mouse brain and warrants that such intervention is directly associated with a high degree of cell loss, subsequently followed by strong glial cell responses.
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