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Yu IS, Choi YR, Choi J, Kim MK, Jung CH, Um MY, Kim MJ. Discovery of Novel Stimulators of Pax7 and/or MyoD: Enhancing the Efficacy of Cultured Meat Production through Culture Media Enrichment. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:24. [PMID: 38248401 PMCID: PMC10813534 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The principles of myogenesis play crucial roles in the production of cultured meat, and identifying protein stimulators associated with myogenesis holds great potential to enhance the efficiency of this process. In this study, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based screening of a natural product library to discover ligands for Pax7 and MyoD, key regulators of satellite cells (SCs), and performed cell-based assays on Hanwoo SCs (HWSCs) to identify substances that promote cell proliferation and/or differentiation. Through an SPR analysis, we found that six chemicals, including one Pax7+/MyoD- chemical, four Pax7+/MyoD+ chemicals, and one Pax7-/MyoD+ chemical, bound to Pax7 and/or MyoD proteins. Among four Pax7+/MyoD+ chemicals, parthenolide (0.5 and 1 µM) and rutin (100 and 200 µM) stimulated cell proliferation in the medium with 10% FBS similar to the medium with 20% FBS, without affecting differentiation. Adenosine, a Pax7-/MyoD+ chemical, accelerated differentiation. These chemicals could be potential additives to reduce the reliance of FBS required for HWSC proliferation and differentiation in cultured meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sun Yu
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (Y.R.C.); (C.H.J.); (M.Y.U.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yae Rim Choi
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (Y.R.C.); (C.H.J.); (M.Y.U.)
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungseok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mina K. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (Y.R.C.); (C.H.J.); (M.Y.U.)
| | - Min Young Um
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (Y.R.C.); (C.H.J.); (M.Y.U.)
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (I.-S.Y.); (Y.R.C.); (C.H.J.); (M.Y.U.)
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Suresh Kumar H, Barnett EN, Fowlkes JL, Kalaitzoglou E, Annamalai RT. Biomechanical Stimulation of Muscle Constructs Influences Phenotype of Bone Constructs by Modulating Myokine Secretion. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10804. [PMID: 38025033 PMCID: PMC10652181 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can lead to diabetic myopathy and bone diseases. The etiology of musculoskeletal complications in such metabolic disorders and the interplay between the muscular and osseous systems are not well understood. Exercise training promises to prevent diabetic myopathy and bone disease and offer protection. Although the muscle-bone interaction is largely biomechanical, the muscle secretome has significant implications for bone biology. Uncoupling effects of biophysical and biochemical stimuli on the adaptive response of bone during exercise training may offer therapeutic targets for diabetic bone disease. Here, we have developed an in vitro model to elucidate the effects of mechanical strain on myokine secretion and its impact on bone metabolism decoupled from physical stimuli. We developed bone constructs using cross-linked gelatin, which facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Then muscle constructs were made from fibrin, which enabled myoblast differentiation and myotube formation. We investigated the myokine expression by muscle constructs under strain regimens replicating endurance (END) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in hyperglycemic conditions. In monocultures, both regimens induced higher expression of Il15 and Igf1, whereas END supported more myoblast differentiation and myotube maturation than HIIT. When co-cultured with bone constructs, HIIT regimen increased Glut4 expression in muscle constructs more than END, supporting higher glucose uptake. Likewise, the muscle constructs under the HIIT regimen promoted a healthier and more matured bone phenotype than END. Under static conditions, myostatin (Mstn) expression was significantly downregulated in muscle constructs co-cultured with bone constructs compared with monocultures. Together, our in vitro co-culture system allowed orthogonal manipulation of mechanical strain on muscle constructs while facilitating bone-muscle biochemical cross-talk. Such systems can provide an individualized microenvironment that allows decoupled biomechanical manipulation, help identify molecular targets, and develop engineered therapies for metabolic bone disease. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwina N. Barnett
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - John L. Fowlkes
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Evangelia Kalaitzoglou
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes CenterLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Lee SA, Baek DH, Heo JB, Song GY, Lee W. Myogenesis Effects of RGX365 to Improve Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2023; 15:4307. [PMID: 37836590 PMCID: PMC10574276 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness not only reduce the quality of life of those afflicted, but also worsen the prognosis of underlying diseases. We evaluated the effect of RGX365, a protopanaxatriol-type rare ginsenoside mixture, on improving skeletal muscle atrophy. We investigated the myogenic effect of RGX365 on mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) and dexamethasone (10 µM)-induced atrophy of differentiated C2C12. RGX365-treated myotube diameters and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence. We evaluated the myogenic effects of RGX365 in aging sarcopenic mice. RGX365 increased myoblast differentiation and MyHC expression, and attenuated the muscle atrophy-inducing F-box (Atrogin-1) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) expression. Notably, one month of oral administration of RGX365 to 23-month-old sarcopenic mice improved muscle fiber size and the expression of skeletal muscle regeneration-associated molecules. In conclusion, rare ginsenosides, agonists of steroid receptors, can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy during long-term administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Ji Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Dong Hyuk Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Beom Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- AREZ Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34036, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Rashid MI, Ito T, Miya F, Shimojo D, Arimoto K, Onodera K, Okada R, Nagashima T, Yamamoto K, Khatun Z, Shimul RI, Niwa JI, Katsuno M, Sobue G, Okano H, Sakurai H, Shimizu K, Doyu M, Okada Y. Simple and efficient differentiation of human iPSCs into contractible skeletal muscles for muscular disease modeling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8146. [PMID: 37231024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological analysis and drug discovery targeting human diseases require disease models that suitably recapitulate patient pathology. Disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated into affected cell types can potentially recapitulate disease pathology more accurately than existing disease models. Such successful modeling of muscular diseases requires efficient differentiation of hiPSCs into skeletal muscles. hiPSCs transduced with doxycycline-inducible MYOD1 (MYOD1-hiPSCs) have been widely used; however, they require time- and labor-consuming clonal selection, and clonal variations must be overcome. Moreover, their functionality should be carefully examined. Here, we demonstrated that bulk MYOD1-hiPSCs established with puromycin selection rather than G418 selection showed rapid and highly efficient differentiation. Interestingly, bulk MYOD1-hiPSCs exhibited average differentiation properties of clonally established MYOD1-hiPSCs, suggesting that it is possible to minimize clonal variations. Moreover, disease-specific hiPSCs of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) could be efficiently differentiated via this method into skeletal muscle that showed disease phenotypes, suggesting the applicability of this method for disease analysis. Finally, three-dimensional muscle tissues were fabricated from bulk MYOD1-hiPSCs, which exhibited contractile force upon electrical stimulation, indicating their functionality. Thus, our bulk differentiation requires less time and labor than existing methods, efficiently generates contractible skeletal muscles, and may facilitate the generation of muscular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfanur Rashid
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takuji Ito
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimojo
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanae Arimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazunari Onodera
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Rina Okada
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takunori Nagashima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Zohora Khatun
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Rayhanul Islam Shimul
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Niwa
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8650, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Manabu Doyu
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Neural iPSC Research, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
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The role of MEOX1 in non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114068. [PMID: 36495659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene therapy has shown durable efficacy in non-neoplastic and neoplastic patients. Therefore, finding a suitable target has become a key area of research. Mesenchyme homeobox 1 (MEOX1) is a transcriptional factor that plays a significant role in regulation of somite development. Evidence indicates that abnormalities in MEOX1 expression and function are associated with a variety of pathologies, including non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. MEOX1 expression is upregulated during progression of most diseases and plays a critical role in maintenance of the cellular phenotypes such as cell differentiation, cell cycle arrest and senescence, migration, and proliferation. Therefore, MEOX1 may become an important molecular target and therapeutic target. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge on the role of MEOX1 in different diseases.
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Wang Y, Lu J, Liu Y. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113380. [PMID: 36362166 PMCID: PMC9657523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries occur frequently in daily life and exercise. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration is critical for accelerating the repair and regeneration of muscle. Therefore, this article reviews knowledge on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. The process of regeneration is similar in different mouse strains and is inhibited by aging, obesity, and diabetes. Exercise, microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation, and mechanical loading improve regeneration. The mechanisms of regeneration are complex and strain-dependent, and changes in functional proteins involved in the processes of necrotic fiber debris clearance, M1 to M2 macrophage conversion, SC activation, myoblast proliferation, differentiation and fusion, and fibrosis and calcification influence the final outcome of the regenerative activity.
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de Coppi P, Loukogeorgakis S, Götherström C, David AL, Almeida-Porada G, Chan JKY, Deprest J, Wong KKY, Tam PKH. Regenerative medicine: prenatal approaches. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:643-653. [PMID: 35963269 PMCID: PMC10664288 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This two-paper Series focuses on recent advances and applications of regenerative medicine that could benefit paediatric patients. Innovations in genomic, stem-cell, and tissue-based technologies have created progress in disease modelling and new therapies for congenital and incurable paediatric diseases. Prenatal approaches present unique opportunities associated with substantial biotechnical, medical, and ethical obstacles. Maternal plasma fetal DNA analysis is increasingly adopted as a noninvasive prenatal screening or diagnostic test for chromosomal and monogenic disorders. The molecular basis for cell-free DNA detection stimulated the development of circulating tumour DNA testing for adult cancers. In-utero stem-cell, gene, gene-modified cell (and to a lesser extent, tissue-based) therapies have shown early clinical promise in a wide range of paediatric disorders. Fetal cells for postnatal treatment and artificial placenta for ex-utero fetal therapies are new frontiers in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Stavros Loukogeorgakis
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Götherström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jan Deprest
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China.
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Xiao X, Rui B, Rui H, Ju M, Hongtao L. MEOX1 suppresses the progression of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the cell-cycle checkpoint gene CCNB1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:504-513. [PMID: 34837450 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The previous study has shown that transcriptional factor MEOX1 could promote proliferation and sphere formation ability of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, however, we found that MEOX1 mRNA was lowly expressed in lung cancer tissues compared to that in normal adjacent tissues, and MEOX1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the survival of lung cancer patients, especially in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Functional experiments using in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that stable overexpression of MEOX1 significantly suppressed the proliferation ability, promoted cell cycle arrest in G2 phase, and apoptotic ability of NSCLC cells. Additionally, it was identified that MEOX1 and CCNB1 mRNA expression exhibited a negative correlation in different lung cancer tissues. Mechanistically, we indicated that MEOX1 bound to the transcriptional initiation site of CCNB1 and thus suppressed CCNB1 expression. Notably, CCNB1 overexpression rescued the inhibition of MEOX1 overexpression on NSCLC progression. This study deciphers a novel MEOX1/CCNB1 axis suppressing NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Xiao
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Rui
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Rui
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Ju
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Hongtao
- Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jin GZ. Enhanced growth and myogenic differentiation of spheroid-derived C2C12 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1227-1234. [PMID: 33704409 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Among many factors of controlling stem cell differentiation, the key transcription factor upregulation via physical force is a good strategy on the lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. The study aimed to compare growth and myogenic potentials between the parental cells (PCs) and the 1-day-old C2C12 spheroid-derived cells (SDCs) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions through examination of the cell proliferation and the expression of myogenic genes. The data showed that 1-day-old spheroids had more intense expression of MyoD gene with respect to the PCs. The proliferation of the SDCs is significantly higher than the PCs in a time-dependent manner. The SDCs had also significantly higher myogenic potential than the PCs in 2D and 3D culture conditions. The results suggest that MyoD gene upregulation through cell-cell contacts is the good approach for preparation of seed cells in muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Jin H, Oh HJ, Kim J, Lee KP, Han X, Lee OH, Lee BY. Effects of Ecklonia stolonifera extract on the obesity and skeletal muscle regeneration in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Fei W, Liu M, Zhang Y, Cao S, Wang X, Xie B, Wang J. Identification of key pathways and hub genes in the myogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cell: a bioinformatics and experimental study. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33397419 PMCID: PMC7784349 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The regeneration of muscle cells from stem cells is an intricate process, and various genes are included in the process such as myoD, mf5, mf6, etc. The key genes and pathways in the differentiating stages are various. Therefore, the differential expression of key genes after 4 weeks of differentiation were investigated in our study. Method Three published gene expression profiles, GSE131125, GSE148994, and GSE149055, about the comparisons of pluripotent stem cells to differentiated cells after 4 weeks were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained for further analysis such as protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and GSEA analysis. After hub genes and key pathways were obtained, we manipulated in vitro cell research for substantiation such as immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. Results A total of 824 DEGs including 350 upregulated genes and 474 downregulated genes were identified in the three GSEs. Nineteen hub genes were identified from the PPI network. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses confirmed that myogenic differentiation at 4 weeks was strongly associated with pathway in cancer, PI3K pathway, actin cytoskeleton regulation and metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of antibodies, and cell cycle. GSEA analysis indicated the differentiated cells were enriched in muscle cell development and myogenesis. Meanwhile, the core genes in each pathway were identified from the GSEA analysis. The in vitro cell research revealed that actin cytoskeleton and myoD were upregulated after 4-week differentiation. Conclusions The research revealed the potential hub genes and key pathways after 4-week differentiation of stem cells which contribute to further study about the molecular mechanism of myogenesis regeneration, paving a way for more accurate treatment for muscle dysfunction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13018-020-01979-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Fei
- Sports Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98# Nantong xi Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Shichao Cao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Xuanqi Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Sports Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, 98# Nantong xi Road, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
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Mishra S, Sevak JK, Das A, Arimbasseri GA, Bhatnagar S, Gopinath SD. Umbilical cord tissue is a robust source for mesenchymal stem cells with enhanced myogenic differentiation potential compared to cord blood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18978. [PMID: 33149204 PMCID: PMC7642376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from two different sources of fetal tissues such as umbilical cord blood (UCB) and tissue (UCT) into skeletal muscle have remained underexplored. Here, we present a comparative analysis of UCB and UCT MSCs, in terms of surface markers, proliferation and senescence marker expression. We find that CD45-CD34- MSCs obtained from UCT and UCB of term births display differences in the combinatorial expression of key MSC markers CD105 and CD90. Importantly, UCT MSCs display greater yield, higher purity, shorter culture time, and lower rates of senescence in culture compared to UCB MSCs. Using a robust myogenic differentiation protocol, we show that UCT MSCs differentiate more robustly into muscle than UCB MSCs by transcriptomic sequencing and specific myogenic markers. Functional assays reveal that CD90, and not CD105 expression promotes myogenic differentiation in MSCs and could explain the enhanced myogenic potential of UCT MSCs. These results suggest that in comparison to large volumes of UCB that are routinely used to obtain MSCs and with limited success, UCT is a more reliable, robust, and convenient source of MSCs to derive cells of the myogenic lineage for both therapeutic purposes and increasing our understanding of developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Mishra
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Jayesh Kumar Sevak
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Anamica Das
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Suchitra D Gopinath
- Pediatric Biology Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, PO Box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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13
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Park J, Choi JH, Kim S, Jang I, Jeong S, Lee JY. Micropatterned conductive hydrogels as multifunctional muscle-mimicking biomaterials: Graphene-incorporated hydrogels directly patterned with femtosecond laser ablation. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:141-153. [PMID: 31352108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional biomaterials that can provide physical, electrical, and structural cues to cells and tissues are highly desirable to mimic the important characteristics of native tissues and efficiently modulate cellular behaviors. Especially, electrically conductive biomaterials can efficiently deliver electrical signals to living systems; however, the production of conductive biomaterials presenting multiple cell interactive cues is still a great challenge. In this study, we fabricafed an electrically conductive, mechanically soft, and topographically active hydrogel by micropatterning a graphene oxide (GO)-incorporated polyacrylamide hydrogel (GO/PAAm) with femtosecond laser ablation (FLA) and subsequent chemical reduction. FLA parameters were optimized to efficiently produce distinct line patterns on GO/PAAm hydrogels to induce myoblast alignment and maturation. The line patterns distances (PD) were varied to have different topographies (20-80 μm PD). In vitro studies with C2C12 myoblasts revealed that the micopatterned hydrogels are superior to the unpatterned substrates in inducing myogenesis and myotube alignment. Reduced GO/PAAm with 50 μm PD, i.e., PD50/r(GO/PAAm), showed the best results among the various features for differentiation and myotube alignment. Electrical stimulation of myoblasts on the micropatterned conductive hydrogels further promoted the differentiation of myoblasts. In vivo implantation studies indicated good tissue compatibility of PD50/r(GO/PAAm) samples. Altogether, we successfully demonstrated that the micropatterned r(GO/PAAm) may offer multiple properties capable of positively affecting myoblast responses. This hydrogel may serve as an effective multifunctional biomaterial, which possesses the topography for cell alignment/maturation, mechanical properties of the native skeletal muscle tissue, and desirable electrical conductivity for delivering electrical signals to cells, for various biomedical applications such as muscle tissue scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Micropatterned conductive hydrogels were created by polymerization of a graphene oxide-incorporated polyacrylamide hydrogel, micropatterning with femtosecond laser ablation, and chemical reduction, which can mimic important characteristics of native skeletal muscle tissues. The micropatterned conductive hydro-gels promoted myogenesis/alignment, enabled electrical stimulation of myoblasts, and displayed good tissue compatibility, which can therefore serve as a multifunctional biomaterial that is topographically active, mechanically soft, and electrically conductive for delivering multiple cell stimulating signals for potential skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications.
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14
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Gu Y, Meng G, Wu H, Zhang Q, Liu L, Bao X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Sun S, Wang X, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Thyroid Function as a Predictor of Handgrip Strength Among Middle-Aged and Older Euthyroid Adults: The TCLSIH Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:1236-1241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Suryadevara V, Willis MS. Walk the Line: The Role of Ubiquitin in Regulating Transcription in Myocytes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:327-340. [PMID: 31389777 PMCID: PMC6863375 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00055.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome offers novel targets for potential therapies with their specific activities and tissue localization. Recently, the expansion of our understanding of how ubiquitin ligases (E3s) specifically regulate transcription has demonstrated their roles in skeletal muscle, complementing their roles in protein quality control and protein degradation. This review focuses on skeletal muscle E3s that regulate transcription factors critical to myogenesis and the maintenance of skeletal muscle wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Xu P, Werner JU, Milerski S, Hamp CM, Kuzenko T, Jähnert M, Gottmann P, de Roy L, Warnecke D, Abaei A, Palmer A, Huber-Lang M, Dürselen L, Rasche V, Schürmann A, Wabitsch M, Knippschild U. Diet-Induced Obesity Affects Muscle Regeneration After Murine Blunt Muscle Trauma-A Broad Spectrum Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 29922174 PMCID: PMC5996306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle affects millions of people worldwide. The underlying regenerative process however, is a very complex mechanism, time-wise highly coordinated, and subdivided in an initial inflammatory, a regenerative and a remodeling phase. Muscle regeneration can be impaired by several factors, among them diet-induced obesity (DIO). In order to evaluate if obesity negatively affects healing processes after trauma, we utilized a blunt injury approach to damage the extensor iliotibialis anticus muscle on the left hind limb of obese and normal weight C57BL/6J without showing any significant differences in force input between normal weight and obese mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the injury and regeneration process revealed edema formation and hemorrhage exudate in muscle tissue of normal weight and obese mice. In addition, morphological analysis of physiological changes revealed tissue necrosis, immune cell infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and fibrosis formation in the damaged muscle tissue. Regeneration was delayed in muscles of obese mice, with a higher incidence of fibrosis formation due to hampered expression levels of genes involved in ECM organization. Furthermore, a detailed molecular fingerprint in different stages of muscle regeneration underlined a delay or even lack of a regenerative response to injury in obese mice. A time-lapse heatmap determined 81 differentially expressed genes (DEG) with at least three hits in our model at all-time points, suggesting key candidates with a high impact on muscle regeneration. Pathway analysis of the DEG revealed five pathways with a high confidence level: myeloid leukocyte migration, regulation of tumor necrosis factor production, CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation, ECM organization, and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Moreover, changes in complement-, Wnt-, and satellite cell-related genes were found to be impaired in obese animals after trauma. Furthermore, histological satellite cell evaluation showed lower satellite cell numbers in the obese model upon injury. Ankrd1, C3ar1, Ccl8, Mpeg1, and Myog expression levels were also verified by qPCR. In summary, increased fibrosis formation, the reduction of Pax7+ satellite cells as well as specific changes in gene expression and signaling pathways could explain the delay of tissue regeneration in obese mice post trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Werner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Milerski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carmen M Hamp
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kuzenko
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luisa de Roy
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Warnecke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Hospital for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Supplementation with IL-6 and Muscle Cell Culture Conditioned Media Enhances Myogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells through STAT3 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061557. [PMID: 29882916 PMCID: PMC6032255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature skeletal muscle cells cannot be expanded in culture systems. Therefore, it is difficult to construct an in vitro model for muscle diseases. To establish an efficient protocol for myogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs), we investigated whether addition of IL-6 and/or myocyte-conditioned media (CM) to conventional differentiation media can shorten the differentiation period. hADSCs were differentiated to myocytes using the conventional protocol or modified with the addition of 25 pg/mL IL-6 and/or C2C12 CM (25% v/v). The expression of MyoD and myogenine mRNA was significantly higher at 5⁻6 days after differentiation using the modified protocol than with the conventional protocol. mRNA and protein expression of myosin heavy chain, a marker of myotubes, was significantly upregulated at 28 and 42 days of differentiation using the modified protocol, and the level achieved after a 4-week differentiation period was similar to that achieved at 6 weeks using the conventional protocol. The expression of p-STAT3 was significantly increased when the modified protocol was used. Similarly, addition of colivelin, a STAT3 activator, instead of IL-6 and C2C12 CM, promoted the myogenic differentiation of ADSCs. The modified protocol improved differentiation efficiency and reduced the time required for differentiation of myocytes. It might be helpful to save cost and time when preparing myocytes for cell therapies and drug discovery.
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18
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Awasthi A, Nain V, Puria R. MYOD and HAND transcription factors have conserved recognition sites in mTOR promoter: insights from in silico analysis. Interdiscip Sci 2018; 11:329-335. [PMID: 29411313 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-018-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
mTOR regulates multiple cellular processes that are critical for proper maintenance of cell growth and development. However, mechanisms and factors responsible for transcriptional regulation of mTOR are partially known. To identify different transcription factor binding sites in promoter region of mTOR, we performed in silico phylogenetic foot printing analysis of diverse set of human orthologs. Phylogenetic tree for the orthologs was generated to establish the evolutionary relationships among them. Conserved binding sites among the species were predicted by tool MEME. The predicted conserved sites were further analyzed for binding of transcription factors by MatInspector program. Predicted TFs were then integrated with known physical interactions and coexpression data to decipher the important transcriptional regulators of mTOR signaling. Our study suggests that motifs AGGCGGG (+ 15 to + 21) and GGCGGC (+ 60 to + 65) are highly conserved across the species and are recognition sequence for HAND and MYOD transcription factors, respectively. Also these two transcription factors show direct physical interaction in protein-protein interaction map, indicating their regulatory role on expression of mTOR for control of myogenesis. Our study provides novel clues on differential regulation of mTOR under diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Awasthi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, 201312, India
| | - Vikrant Nain
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, 201312, India.
| | - Rekha Puria
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, 201312, India.
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Sung SE, Hwang M, Kim AY, Lee EM, Lee EJ, Hwang SK, Kim SY, Kim HK, Jeong KS. MyoD Overexpressed Equine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhanced Myogenic Differentiation Potential. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2017-2026. [PMID: 26892394 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells could potentially be used in the clinical treatment of muscle disorders and muscle regeneration. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be easily isolated from adipose tissue, as opposed to stem cells of other tissues. We believe that cell therapy using ADSCs could be applied to muscle disorders in horses and other species. We sought to improve the myogenic differentiation potential of equine ADSCs (eqADSCs) using a MyoD lentiviral vector. MyoD lentiviruses were transduced into eqADSCs and selected using puromycin. Cells were cultured in differentiation media containing 5% horse serum, and after 5 days the MyoD-transduced cells differentiated into myogenic cells (MyoD-eqADSCs). Using green fluorescent protein (GFP), MyoD-eqADSCs were purified and transplanted into the tibialis anterior muscles of mice after they were injured with the myotoxin notexin. The mice were sacrificed to examine any regeneration in the tibialis anterior muscle 4 weeks after the MyoD-eqADSCs were injected. The MyoD-eqADSCs cultured in growth media expressed murine and equine MyoD; however, they did not express late differentiation markers such as myogenin (MYOG). When cells were grown in differentiation media, the expression of MYOG was clearly observed. According to our reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry results, MyoD-eqADSCs expressed terminal myogenic phase genes, such as those encoding dystrophin, myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. The MyoD-eqADSCs fused to each other, and the formation of myotube-like cells from myoblasts in differentiation media occurred between days 5 and 14 postplating. In mice, we observed GFP-positive myofibers, which had differentiated from the injected MyoD-eqADSCs. Our approaches improved the myogenic differentiation of eqADSCs through the forced expression of murine MyoD. Our findings suggest that limitations in the treatment of equine muscle disorders could be overcome using ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Meeyul Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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20
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Park S, Choi Y, Kwak G, Hong YB, Jung N, Kim J, Choi BO, Jung SC. Application of differentiated human tonsil-derived stem cells to trembler-J mice. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:478-486. [PMID: 28796340 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into various cell types. METHODS In this study we investigated the potential of human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) for neuromuscular regeneration in trembler-J (Tr-J) mice, a model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A). RESULTS T-MSCs differentiated toward skeletal myocytes with increased expression of skeletal muscle-related markers (including troponin I type 1, and myogenin), and the formation of myotubes in vitro. In-situ transplantation of T-MSC-derived myocytes (T-MSC myocytes) into the gastrocnemius muscle in Tr-J mice enhanced motor function, with recovery of compound muscle action potential amplitudes. Morphology of the sciatic nerve and skeletal muscle recovered without the formation of teratomas, and the expression levels of nerve growth factor and glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor were increased significantly in T-MSC myocytes compared with T-MSCs in vitro. DISCUSSION Transplantation of T-MSC myocytes could enable neuromuscular regeneration in patients with CMT1A. Muscle Nerve 57: 478-486, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-Ro, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
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21
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Bana N, Sanooghi D, Soleimani M, Hayati Roodbari N, Alavi Moghaddam S, Joghataei MT, Sayahpour FA, Faghihi F. A Comparative Study to Evaluate Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Chorion versus Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:495-502. [PMID: 28601197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Musculodegenerative diseases threaten the life of many patients in the world. Since drug administration is not efficient in regeneration of damaged tissues, stem cell therapy is considered as a good strategy to restore the lost cells. Since the efficiency of myogenic differentiation potential of human Chorion- derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (C-MSCs) has not been addressed so far; we set out to evaluate myogenic differentiation property of these cells in comparison with Umbilical Cord Blood- derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UCB-MSCs) in the presence of 5-azacytidine. MATERIALS & METHODS To do that, neonate placenta Umbilical Cord Blood were transferred to the lab. After characterization of the isolated cells using flowcytometry and multilineage differentiation capacity, the obtained Mesenchymal Stem Cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 2% FBS and 10μM of 5-azacytidine to induce myogenic differentiation. Real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to assess the myogenic properties of the cells. RESULTS Our data showed that C-MSCs and UCB-MSCs were spindle shape in morphology. They were positive for CD90, CD73 and CD44 antigens, and negative for hematopoietic markers. They also differentiated into osteoblast and adipoblast lineages. Real-time PCR results showed that the cells could express MyoD, desmin and α-MHC at the end of the first week (P<0.05). No significant upregulation was detected in the expression of GATA-4 in both groups. Immunocytochemical staining revealed the expression of Desmin, cTnT and α-MHC. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that these cells are potent to differentiate into myoblast- like cells. An upregulation in the expression of some myogenic markers (desmin, α- MHC) was observed in C-MSCs in comparison with UCB-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Bana
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Sanooghi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Hayati Roodbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Isolation, culture and biological characteristics of multipotent porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:513-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Bertin E, Piccoli M, Franzin C, Nagy A, Mileikovsky M, De Coppi P, Pozzobon M. The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28287531 DOI: 10.3791/54598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors using different methods. Here, we produced iPS cells from mouse amniotic fluid cells, using a non-viral-based transposon system. All obtained iPS cell lines exhibited characteristics of pluripotent cells, including the ability to differentiate toward derivatives of all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. This strategy opens up the possibility of using cells from diseased fetuses to develop new therapies for birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bertin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta della Speranza
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta della Speranza
| | - Chiara Franzin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta della Speranza
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
| | | | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital
| | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Citta della Speranza;
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24
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Park S, Choi Y, Jung N, Kim J, Oh S, Yu Y, Ahn JH, Jo I, Choi BO, Jung SC. Autophagy induction in the skeletal myogenic differentiation of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:831-840. [PMID: 28259927 PMCID: PMC5360438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of self-renewal and differentiation and are thus a valuable source for the replacement of diseased or damaged organs. Previously, we reported that the tonsils can be an excellent reservoir of MSCs for the regeneration of skeletal muscle (SKM) damage. However, the mechanisms involved in the differentiation from tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) to myocytes via myoblasts remain unclear. To clarify these mechanisms, we analyzed gene expression profiles of T-MSCs during differentiation into myocytes compared with human skeletal muscle cells (hSKMCs). Total RNA was extracted from T-MSCs, T-MSC-derived myoblasts and myocytes, and hSKMCs and was subjected to analysis using a microarray. Microarray analysis of the three phases of myogenic differentiation identified candidate genes associated with myogenic differentiation. The expression pattern of undifferentiated T-MSCs was distinguishable from the myogenic differentiated T-MSCs and hSKMCs. In particular, we selected FNBP1L, which among the upregulated genes is essential for antibacterial autophagy, since autophagy is related to SKM metabolism and myogenesis. T-MSCs differentiated toward myoblasts and skeletal myocytes sequentially, as evidenced by increased expression of autophagy-related markers (including Beclin-1, LC3B and Atg5) and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, we reconfirmed that autophagy has an effect on the mechanism of skeletal myogenic differentiation derived from T-MSCs by treatment with 5-azacytidine and bafilomycin A1. These data suggest that the transcriptome of the T-MSC-derived myocytes is similar to that of hSKMCs, and that autophagy has an important role in the mechanism of myogenic differentiation of T-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Seiyoon Oh
- Department of Human Biology, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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Characterization of miR-206 Promoter and Its Association with Birthweight in Chicken. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:559. [PMID: 27089330 PMCID: PMC4849015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have been widely investigated in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. However, little is known about their effects on bird growth. Here we characterized the promoter of miR-206 in chicken and found that the preferable promoter was located in 1200 bp upstream of pri-miR-206. In this region, many key transcription factors, including MyoD, c-Myb, CEBPα/β, AP-4, RAP1, Brn2, GATA-1/2/3, E47, Sn, upstream stimulatory factor (USF) and CdxA, were predicted to bind and interact with miR-206 promoter. Overexpression of MyoD sharply increased miR-206 expression in both fibroblast and myoblast cells, and also the regulation in the myoblast cells was much stronger, indicating that miR-206 was regulated by MyoD combined with other muscle specific transcriptional factors. Aiming to further investigate the relationship between miR-206 mutation and transcriptional expression, total of 23 SNPs were identified in the two distinct bird lines by sequencing. Interestingly, the motif bound by MyoD was individually destroyed by G-to-C mutation located at 419 bp upstream of miR-206 precursor. Co-transfecting MyoD and miR-206 promoter in DF-1 cells, the luciferase activity of promoter containing homozygous GG types was significantly higher than CC ones (p < 0.05). Thus, this mutation caused low expression of miR-206. Consistently, eight variants including G-419C mutation exhibited a great effect on birthweight through maker-trait association analysis in F2 population (p < 0.05). Additionally, the regulation of miR-206 on embryo muscle mass mainly by increasing MyoG and muscle creatine kinase (MCK) expression (p < 0.05) with little change in MyoD, TMEM8C and myosin heavy chain (MHC). In conclusion, our findings provide a novel mutation destroying the promoter activity of miR-206 in birds and shed new light to understand the regulation mechanism of miR-206 on the embryonic muscle growth.
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Park S, Choi Y, Jung N, Yu Y, Ryu KH, Kim HS, Jo I, Choi BO, Jung SC. Myogenic differentiation potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their potential for use to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1209-20. [PMID: 27035161 PMCID: PMC4829138 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are regarded as an important source of cells which may be used to promote the regeneration of skeletal muscle (SKM) which has been damaged due to defects in the organization of muscle tissue caused by congenital diseases, trauma or tumor removal. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which require less invasive harvesting techniques, represent a valuable source of cells for stem cell therapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that human tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) may differentiate into myogenic cells in vitro and that the transplantation of myoblasts and myocytes generated from human T-MSCs mediates the recovery of muscle function in vivo. In order to induce myogenic differentiation, the T-MSC-derived spheres were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with 1 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β, non-essential amino acids and insulin-transferrin-selenium for 4 days followed by culture in myogenic induction medium [low-glucose DMEM containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)] for 14 days. The T-MSCs sequentially differentiated into myoblasts and skeletal myocytes, as evidenced by the increased expression of skeletal myogenesis-related markers [including α-actinin, troponin I type 1 (TNNI1) and myogenin] and the formation of myotubes in vitro. The in situ transplantation of T-MSCs into mice with a partial myectomy of the right gastrocnemius muscle enhanced muscle function, as demonstrated by gait assessment (footprint analysis), and restored the shape of SKM without forming teratomas. Thus, T-MSCs may differentiate into myogenic cells and effectively regenerate SKM following injury. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of T-MSCs to promote SKM regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsil Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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Chitooligomer-Immobilized Biointerfaces with Micropatterned Geometries for Unidirectional Alignment of Myoblast Cells. Biomolecules 2016; 6:12. [PMID: 26784249 PMCID: PMC4808806 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a robust capacity to regenerate functional architectures with a unidirectional orientation. In this study, we successfully arranged skeletal myoblast (C2C12) cells along micropatterned gold strips on which chitohexaose was deposited via a vectorial chain immobilization approach. Hexa-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc6) was site-selectively modified at its reducing end with thiosemicarbazide, then immobilized on a gold substrate in striped micropatterns via S–Au chemisorption. Gold micropatterns ranged from 100 to 1000 µm in width. Effects of patterning geometries on C2C12 cell alignment, morphology, and gene expression were investigated. Unidirectional alignment of C2C12 cells having GlcNAc6 receptors was clearly observed along the micropatterns. Decreasing striped pattern width increased cell attachment and proliferation, suggesting that the fixed GlcNAc6 and micropatterns impacted cell function. Possibly, interactions between nonreducing end groups of fixed GlcNAc6 and cell surface receptors initiated cellular alignment. Our technique for mimicking native tissue organization should advance applications in tissue engineering.
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Extracellular calcium-binding peptide-modified ceramics stimulate regeneration of calvarial bone defects. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 13:57-65. [PMID: 30603385 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-015-9066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding 1 (SMOC1) has been implicated in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, we found that a peptide (16 amino acids in length), which is located in the extracellular calcium (EC) binding domain of SMOC1, stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs in vitro and calvarial bone regeneration in vivo. Treatment of BMSCs with SMOC1-EC peptide significantly stimulated their mineralization in a dose-dependent manner without changing their rate of proliferation. The expression of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, including type 1 collagen and osteocalcin, also increased in a dose-dependent manner. To examine the effect of the SMOC1-EC peptide on bone formation in vivo, the peptide was covalently immobilized onto hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the peptide was successfully immobilized onto the surface of HA/β-TCP. Implantation of the SMOC1-EC peptide-immobilized HA/β-TCP particles into mouse calvarial defects and subsequent analyses using microcomputed tomography and histology showed significant bone regeneration compared with that of calvarial defects implanted with unmodified HA/β-TCP particles. Collectively, our data suggest that a peptide derived from the EC domain of SMOC1 induces osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs in vitro and efficiently enhances bone regeneration in vivo.
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Vargas JE, de Souza APD, Porto BN, Fazolo T, Mayer FQ, Pitrez PM, Stein RT. Immunomodulator plasmid projected by systems biology as a candidate for the development of adjunctive therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Med Hypotheses 2015; 88:86-90. [PMID: 26601594 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance in Th1/Th2 cytokine immune response has been described to influence the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) acute bronchiolitis and the severity of infection. Th2-driven response has been well described under first RSV vaccine (formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine antigens) and replicated in some conditions for RSV-infected mice, in which a Th2-dependent lung eosinophilia increases illness severity, accompanied of tissue damage. Currently, several prototypes of RSV vaccine are being tested, but there is no vaccine available so far. The advance of bioinformatics can help to solve this issue. Systems biology approaches based on network topological analysis may help to identify new genes in order to direct Th1 immune response during RSV challenge. For this purpose, network centrality analyses from high-throughput experiments were performed in order to select major genes enrolled in each T-helper immune response. Thus, genes termed Hub (B) and bottlenecks (H), which control the flow of biological information (Th1 or Th2 immune response, in this case) within the network, would be identified. As these genes possess high potential to promote Th1 immune response, they could be cloned under regulation of specific promoters in a plasmid, which will be available as a gene-transfer adjunctive to vaccines. Th1 immune response potentiated by our strategy may contribute to accelerate Th1/Th2 shift from neonatal immune system, which might favor protective immunity against RSV infection and reduce lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Vargas
- Centro Infant - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2° andar, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Centro Infant - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2° andar, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nery Porto
- Centro Infant - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2° andar, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fazolo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, FABIO, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2° andar, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Centro Infant - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2° andar, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Centro Infant - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 2° andar, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Cao J, Huang T, Li X, Zhao S. Interactome mapping reveals important pathways in skeletal muscle development of pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21788-802. [PMID: 25431924 PMCID: PMC4284678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory relationship and connectivity among genes involved in myogenesis and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in pigs still remain large challenges. Presentation of gene interactions is a potential way to understand the mechanisms of developmental events in skeletal muscle. In this study, genome-wide transcripts and miRNA profiling was determined for Landrace pigs at four time points using microarray chips. A comprehensive method integrating gene ontology annotation and interactome network mapping was conducted to analyze the biological patterns and interaction modules of muscle development events based on differentially expressed genes and miRNAs. Our results showed that in total 484 genes and 34 miRNAs were detected for the duration from embryonic stage to adult in pigs, which composed two linear expression patterns with consensus changes. Moreover, the gene ontology analysis also disclosed that there were three typical biological events i.e., microstructure assembly of sarcomere at early embryonic stage, myofibril formation at later embryonic stage and function establishments of myoblast cells at postnatal stage. The interactome mappings of different time points also found the down-regulated trend of gene expression existed across the whole duration, which brought a possibility to introduce the myogenesis related miRNAs into the interactome regulatory networks of skeletal muscle in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuhong Zhao
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-27-8738-7480; Fax: +86-27-8728-0408
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Pozzobon M, Franzin C, Piccoli M, De Coppi P. Fetal stem cells and skeletal muscle regeneration: a therapeutic approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:222. [PMID: 25221507 PMCID: PMC4145352 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40% of the body mass is represented by muscle tissue, which possesses the innate ability to regenerate after damage through the activation of muscle-specific stem cells, namely satellite cells. Muscle diseases, in particular chronic degenerative states of skeletal muscle such as dystrophies, lead to a perturbation of the regenerative process, which causes the premature exhaustion of satellite cell reservoir due to continuous cycles of degeneration/regeneration. Nowadays, the research is focused on different therapeutic approaches, ranging from gene and cell to pharmacological therapy, but still there is no definitive cure in particular for genetic muscle disease. Keeping this in mind, in this article, we will give special consideration to muscle diseases and the use of fetal derived stem cells as a new approach for therapy. Cells of fetal origin, from cord blood to placenta and amniotic fluid, can be easily obtained without ethical concern, expanded and differentiated in culture, and possess immune-modulatory properties. The in vivo approach in animal models can be helpful to study the mechanism underneath the operating principle of the stem cell reservoir, namely the niche, which holds great potential to understand the onset of muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pozzobon
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza , Padova , Italy
| | - Chiara Franzin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza , Padova , Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza , Padova , Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital , London , UK
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