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Li HB, Yang ZH, Guo QQ. Immune checkpoint inhibition for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: limitations and prospects: a systematic review. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:117. [PMID: 34819086 PMCID: PMC8611916 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely malignant tumor with the lowest 5-year survival rate among all tumors. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as the most common pathological subtype of pancreatic cancer, usually has poor therapeutic results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can relieve failure of the tumor-killing effect of immune effector cells caused by immune checkpoints. Therefore, they have been used as a novel treatment for many solid tumors. However, PDAC is not sensitive to monotherapy with ICIs, which might be related to the inhibitory immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, the way to improve the microenvironment has raised a heated discussion in recent years. Here, we elaborate on the relationship between different immune cellular components in this environment, list some current preclinical or clinical attempts to enhance the efficacy of ICIs by targeting the inhibitory tumor microenvironment of PDAC or in combination with other therapies. Such information offers a better understanding of the sophisticated tumor-microenvironment interactions, also providing insights on therapeutic guidance of PDAC targeting. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Zi-Han Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Qing-Qu Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province China
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2
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The potency of lncRNA MALAT1/miR-155/CTLA4 axis in altering Th1/Th2 balance of asthma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221794. [PMID: 31909418 PMCID: PMC7024843 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study examined if the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/miR-155/CTLA-4 axis was involved in modifying Th1/Th2 balance, a critical indicator for asthma progression. Methods: Altogether 772 asthma patients and 441 healthy controls were recruited, and their blood samples were collected to determine expressional levels of MALAT1, miR-155, CTLA-4, T-bet, GATA3, Th1-type cytokines and Th2-type cytokines. The CD4+ T cells were administered with pcDNA3.1-MALAT1, si-MALAT1, miR-155 mimic and miR-155 inhibitor to assess their effects on cytokine release. The luciferase reporter gene assay was also adopted to evaluate the sponging relationships between MALAT1 and miR-155, as well as between miR-155 and CTLA-4. Results: Over-expressed MALAT1 and under-expressed miR-155 were more frequently detected among asthma patients who showed traits of reduced forced expiratory failure volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1% of predicted (P<0.05). Moreover, MALAT1 expression was negatively expressed with the Th1/Th2 and T-bet/GATA3 ratios, yet miR-155 expression displayed a positively correlation with the ratios (P<0.05). Additionally, the IFN-γ, IL-2 and T-bet levels were reduced under the influence of pcDNA3.1-MALAT1 and miR-155 inhibitor, while levels of IL-4, IL-10 and GATA3 were raised under identical settings (P<0.05). Furthermore, MALAT1 constrained expression of miR-155 within CD4+ T cells by sponging it, and CTLA-4 could interfere with the effects of MALAT1 and miR-155 on Th1/Th2 balance and T-bet/Gata3 ratio (P<0.05). Conclusion: MALAT1 sponging miR-155 was involved with regulation of Th1/Th2 balance within CD4+ T cells, which might aid to develop therapies for amelioration of asthmatic inflammation.
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Wang H, Han X, Xu J. Lysosome as the Black Hole for Checkpoint Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:325-346. [PMID: 32185717 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes, as digestive organelles full of hydrolases, have complex functions and play an important role in cellular physiological and pathological processes. In normal physiological conditions, lysosomes can sense the nutritional state and be responsible for recycling raw materials to provide nutrients, affecting cell signaling pathways and regulating cell proliferation. Lysosomes are related to many diseases and associated with metastasis and drug resistance of tumors. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the tumor immunotherapy especially immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Accumulating data suggest that lysosomes may serve as a major destruction for immune checkpoint molecules, and secretory lysosomes can temporarily store immune checkpoint proteins. Once activated, the compounds contained in secretory lysosomes are released to the surface of cell membrane rapidly. Inhibitions of lysosomes can overcome the chemoresistance of some tumors and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Wang
- School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue Han
- Institutes of Biological Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Mintz MA, Felce JH, Chou MY, Mayya V, Xu Y, Shui JW, An J, Li Z, Marson A, Okada T, Ware CF, Kronenberg M, Dustin ML, Cyster JG. The HVEM-BTLA Axis Restrains T Cell Help to Germinal Center B Cells and Functions as a Cell-Extrinsic Suppressor in Lymphomagenesis. Immunity 2019; 51:310-323.e7. [PMID: 31204070 PMCID: PMC6703922 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM is one of the most frequently mutated surface proteins in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas. We found that HVEM deficiency increased B cell competitiveness during pre-GC and GC responses. The immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily protein BTLA regulated HVEM-expressing B cell responses independently of B-cell-intrinsic signaling via HVEM or BTLA. BTLA signaling into T cells through the phosphatase SHP1 reduced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and preformed CD40 ligand mobilization to the immunological synapse, thus diminishing the help delivered to B cells. Moreover, T cell deficiency in BTLA cooperated with B cell Bcl-2 overexpression, leading to GC B cell outgrowth. These results establish that HVEM restrains the T helper signals delivered to B cells to influence GC selection outcomes, and they suggest that BTLA functions as a cell-extrinsic suppressor of GC B cell lymphomagenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Immunological Synapses
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Paracrine Communication
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James H Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takaharu Okada
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Sawaf M, Fauny JD, Felten R, Sagez F, Gottenberg JE, Dumortier H, Monneaux F. Defective BTLA functionality is rescued by restoring lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99711. [PMID: 29997289 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinhibitory receptors play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by limiting T cell activation. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an inhibitory receptor, similar to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), that negatively regulates the immune response. The role of BTLA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in humans and, more specifically, in SLE is largely unknown. We investigated BTLA expression on various T cell subsets, and we did not observe significant variations of BTLA expression between lupus patients and healthy controls. However, the enhancement of BTLA expression after activation was significantly lower in SLE patients compared with that in healthy controls. Furthermore, we found an impaired capacity of BTLA to inhibit T cell activation in SLE due to a poor BTLA recruitment to the immunological synapse following T cell stimulation. Finally, we demonstrated that defective BTLA function can be corrected by restoring intracellular trafficking and by normalizing the lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our results evidence that the BTLA signaling pathway is altered in SLE T cells and highlight the potential of targeting this pathway for the development of new therapeutic strategies in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Sawaf
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Fauny
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Felten
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Flora Sagez
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Monneaux
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Immunologie, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg, France
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6
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Zhang SF, Tang ZS, Tong L, Tao XX, Suo QF, Xu XM. Effects of clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium on BTLA expression on CD4 + T cells and lymphocyte differentiation in late preterm infants. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:112-118. [PMID: 27622346 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Probiotics is recognized to promote growth performance and immune function via balancing the intestinal microflora. Live clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium combined powder (LCBBCP) has been widely to treat intestinal dysbacteriosis in newborns in China. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the combined probiotics on the expression of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) on CD4+ T cells and the differentiation of lymphocyte subsets in late preterm infants. METHODS Eighty eligible late preterm infants were equally randomized into LCBBCP therapy group (oral LCBBCP dissolved in formula milk before intake) and control group (treated with simple formula milk for preterm infants) by random digit table. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression level of BTLA on CD4+ T cells and the percentage of individual subpopulation of lymphocytes in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from the late preterm infants in both groups. RESULTS BTLA protein expression on CD4+ T cells showed no significant change in LCBBCP therapy group before and after intervention, yet was rapidly and significantly down-regulated in the controls. The percentage of increased CD4+ T cells, decreased CD8+ T cells and increased ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell proportion were seen in both groups after treatment, yet the increasing or decreasing extent in LCBBCP therapy group was more obvious than in control group. The proportion of NK cells and B lymphocytes remained no significant difference between the two groups before and after therapy. CONCLUSIONS LCBBCP appears capable of facilitating the activation, proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, which is beneficial to improving immunity in late preterm infants. The continuous high expression of BTLA on CD4+ T cells in LCBBCP therapy group may be involved in the inhibiting of excessive activation of T lymphocytes. Our findings may lay a basis for further clinical evaluation of the efficacies and wider clinical recommendation of probiotics containing live clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium for late preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fa Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Sheng Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Tao
- Office of Educational Administration, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Feng Suo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
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Bustos-Morán E, Blas-Rus N, Martín-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F. Orchestrating Lymphocyte Polarity in Cognate Immune Cell-Cell Interactions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:195-261. [PMID: 27692176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune synapse (IS) is a specialized structure established between different immune cells that fulfills several functions, including a role as a communication bridge. This intimate contact between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell promotes the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes involved in the contact. T-cell activation requires the specific triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR), which promotes the activation of different signaling pathways inducing the polarization of the T cell. During this process, different adhesion and signaling receptors reorganize at specialized membrane domains, concomitantly to the polarization of the tubulin and actin cytoskeletons, forming stable polarization platforms. The centrosome also moves toward the IS, driving the movement of different organelles, such as the biosynthetic, secretory, degrading machinery, and mitochondria, to sustain T-cell activation. A proper orchestration of all these events is essential for T-cell effector functions and the accomplishment of a complete immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bustos-Morán
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Blas-Rus
- Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Spanish National Center of Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, La Princesa Hospital, Autonomus University of Madrid (UAM), Health Research Institute of Princesa Hospital (ISS-IP), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Ayala A, Elphick GF, Kim YS, Huang X, Carreira-Rosario A, Santos SC, Shubin NJ, Chen Y, Reichner J, Chung CS. Sepsis-induced potentiation of peritoneal macrophage migration is mitigated by programmed cell death receptor-1 gene deficiency. J Innate Immun 2013; 6:325-38. [PMID: 24247196 DOI: 10.1159/000355888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) on phagocyte function has not been extensively described. Here we report that experimental mouse sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), induced a marked increase in peritoneal macrophage random migration, motility and cell spread, but these changes were lost in the absence of PD-1. Alternatively, phagocytic activity was inversely affected. In vitro cell culture imaging studies, with the macrophage cell line J774, documented that blocking PD-1 with antibody led to aggregation of the cytoskeletal proteins α-actinin and F-actin. Further experiments looking at ex vivo peritoneal macrophages from mice illustrated that a similar pattern of α-actinin and F-actin was evident on cells from wild-type CLP mice but not PD-1-/- CLP mouse cells. We also observed that fMLP-induced migration by J774 cells was markedly attenuated using PD-1 blocking antibodies, a nonselective phosphatase inhibitor and a selective Ras-related protein 1 inhibitor. Finally, peritoneal macrophages derived from CLP as opposed to Sham mice demonstrated aspects of both cell surface co-localization with CD11b and internalization of PD-1 within vacuoles independent of CD11b staining. Together, we believe the data support a role for PD-1 in mediating aspects of innate macrophage immune dysfunction during sepsis, heretofore unappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, R.I., USA
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B and T lymphocyte attenuator inhibits LPS-induced endotoxic shock by suppressing Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in innate immune cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5121-6. [PMID: 23479601 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222093110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although innate immune responses are necessary for the initiation of acquired immune responses and the subsequent successful elimination of pathogens, excessive responses occasionally result in lethal endotoxic shock accompanied by a cytokine storm. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), a coinhibitory receptor with similarities to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed death (PD)-1, is expressed in not only B and T cells but also dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mϕs). Recently, several studies have reported that BTLA-deficient (BTLA(-/-)) mice show enhanced pathogen clearance compared with WT mice in early phase of infections. However, the roles of BTLA expressed on innate cells in overwhelming and uncontrolled immune responses remain unclear. Here, we found that BTLA(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to LPS-induced endotoxic shock. LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-12 production in DCs and Mϕs was significantly enhanced in BTLA(-/-) mice. BTLA(-/-) DCs also produced high levels of TNF-α on stimulation with Pam3CSK4 but not poly(I:C) or CpG, suggesting that BTLA functions as an inhibitory molecule on Toll-like receptor signaling at cell surface but not endosome. Moreover, BTLA(-/-) DCs showed enhanced MyD88- and toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN (TRIF)-dependent signaling on LPS stimulation, which is associated with impaired accumulation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase in lipid rafts. Finally, we found that an agonistic anti-BTLA antibody rescued mice from LPS-induced endotoxic shock, even if the antibody was given to mice that had developed a sign of endotoxic shock. These results suggest that BTLA directly inhibits LPS responses in DCs and Mϕs and that agonistic agents for BTLA might have therapeutic potential for LPS-induced endotoxic shock.
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Durand-Panteix S, Farhat M, Youlyouz-Marfak I, Rouaud P, Ouk-Martin C, David A, Faumont N, Feuillard J, Jayat-Vignoles C. B7-H1, which represses EBV-immortalized B cell killing by autologous T and NK cells, is oppositely regulated by c-Myc and EBV latency III program at both mRNA and secretory lysosome levels. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:181-90. [PMID: 22661084 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
EBV-immortalized B cells induce a complex immune response such that the virus persists as a clinically silent infection for the lifetime of the infected host. B7-H1, also called PD-L1, is a cosignaling molecule of the B7 family that can inhibit activated T cell effectors by interaction with its receptor PD-1. In this work, we have studied the dependence of B7-H1 on NF-κB and c-Myc, the two main transcription factors in EBV latency III proliferating B cells, on various lymphoblastoid and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines, some of them being inducible or not for the EBV latency III program and/or for c-Myc. We found that B7-H1 repressed killing of EBV-immortalized B cells by their autologous T and NK cells. At the mRNA level, NF-κB was a weak inducer whereas c-Myc was a strong repressor of B7-H1 expression, an effect mediated by STAT1 inhibition. At the protein level, B7-H1 molecules were stored in both degradative and unconventional secretory lysosomes. Surface membrane B7-H1 molecules were constitutively internalized and proteolyzed in lysosomes. The EBV latency III program increased the amounts of B7-H1-containing secretory lysosomes and their export to the surface membrane. By repressing actin polymerization, c-Myc blocked secretory lysosome migration and B7-H1 surface membrane export. In addition to B7-H1, various immunoregulatory molecules participating in the immunological synapse are stored in secretory lysosomes. By playing on actin polymerization, c-Myc could thus globally regulate the immunogenicity of transformed B cells, acting on export of secretory lysosomes to plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durand-Panteix
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276, Faculté de Médecine, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
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11
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Chung JS, Cruz PD, Ariizumi K. Inhibition of T-cell activation by syndecan-4 is mediated by CD148 through protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1794-9. [PMID: 21469128 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201041233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Most coinhibitory receptors regulate T-cell responses through an ITIM that recruits protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to mediate inhibitory function. Because syndecan-4 (SD-4), the coinhibitor for DC-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan integrin ligand (DC-HIL), lacks such an ITIM, we posited that SD-4 links with a PTP in an ITIM-independent manner. We show that SD-4 associates constitutively with the intracellular protein syntenin but not with the receptor-like PTP CD148 on human CD4(+) T cells. Binding to DC-HIL allowed SD-4 to assemble with CD148 through the help of syntenin as a bridge, and this process upregulated the PTP activity of CD148, which is required for SD-4 to mediate DC-HIL's inhibitory function. Using a mouse model, we found SD-4 to be located away from the immunological synapse formed between T cells and APCs during activation of T cells. These findings indicate that SD-4 is unique among known T-cell coinhibitors, in employing CD148 to inhibit T-cell activation at a site distal from the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Dermatology Section (Medical Service), Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Zhang M, Howard K, Winters A, Steavenson S, Anderson S, Smelt S, Doellgast G, Sheelo C, Stevens J, Kim H, Hamburger A, Sein A, Caughey DJ, Lee F, Hsu H, Siu G, Byrne FR. Monoclonal antibodies to B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) have no effect on in vitro B cell proliferation and act to inhibit in vitro T cell proliferation when presented in a cis, but not trans, format relative to the activating stimulus. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:77-87. [PMID: 21078085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member surface protein expressed on B and T cells. Its ligand, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), is believed to act as a monomeric agonist that signals via the CRD1 of HVEM to inhibit lymphocyte activation: HVEM is also the receptor for lymphotoxin-α and LIGHT, which both bind in the CRD2 and CRD3 domains of the HVEM molecule, and for CD160 which competes with BTLA. We have shown that recombinant HVEM and a panel of different monoclonal antibodies specifically bind murine BTLA on both B and T cells and that some antibodies inhibit anti-CD3ε-induced T cell proliferation in vitro, but only when constrained appropriately with a putatively cross-linking reagent. The antibodies had no significant effect on in vitro T cell proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay nor on in vitro DO11.10 antigen-induced T cell proliferation. None of these antibodies, nor HVEM-Fc, had any significant effect on in vitro B cell proliferation induced by anti-immunoglobulin M antibodies (±anti-CD40) or lipopolysaccharide. We further elucidated the requirements for inhibition of in vitro T cell proliferation using a beads-based system to demonstrate that the antibodies that inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro were required to be presented to the T cell in a cis, and not trans, format relative to the anti-CD3ε stimulus. We also found that antibodies that inhibited T cell proliferation in vitro had no significant effect on the antibody captured interleukin-2 associated with the in vivo activation of DO11.10 T cells transferred to syngeneic recipient BALB/c mice. These data suggest that there may be specific structural requirements for the BTLA molecule to exert its effect on lymphocyte activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
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Xia L, Zhang S, Zhou J, Li Y. A crucial role for B and T lymphocyte attenuator in preventing the development of CD4+ T cell-mediated herpetic stromal keratitis. Mol Vis 2010; 16:2071-83. [PMID: 21042564 PMCID: PMC2965573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA; CD272) on cluster of differentiation (CD)4(+) T cell-mediated corneal immunopathology during murine herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). METHODS BALB/c mice were infected with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) KOS strain by corneal scarification. The levels of BTLA expression in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in murine peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 after HSV-1 infection. BTLA expression in the infected cornea was detected by immunohistochemistry. BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant plasmid DNA encoding BTLA (pBTLA), pcDNA3.1, or PBS on 0 and 7 days before infection and 7 days postinfection. The incidence and severity of stromal disease, tear film virus titers, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction were then compared among treated and control groups. The effects of pBTLA on CD4(+) T cells that infiltrated into infected corneas and on type 1 helper T-cell (Th1) cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) were evaluated. The levels of glycoprotein D (gD) mRNA in corneas were tested by real-time PCR. The eyes were examined histologically. RESULTS BTLA expression increased both in the corneas of HSV-1 infected mice and in CD4(+) T cells in the murine peripheral blood. Systemic administration of pBTLA resulted in a diminished incidence and severity of corneal lesions compared to controls. Treatment with pBTLA led to a decreased infiltration of CD4(+) T cells into infected corneas, and diminished Th1 responses in murine corneas, draining lymph nodes, and splenocytes. The pBTLA treated mice showed an impaired DTH response two weeks after HSV-1 infection compared to control mice. No differences were noted in tear film virus titers or gD mRNA levels in corneas among the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that recombinant pBTLA plays a crucial role in preventing HSV-1 specific responses in CD4(+) Th1 cells in the infected corneas. Thus, BTLA, with immunosuppressive effects, may be a good candidate for treatment of HSK.
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