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Raychaudhuri S, Charli-Joseph Y, Huang CY, Mintz MA, Pincus LB, Ai WZ. Association of a Dominant T-Cell Clone in Peripheral Blood With Time to Systemic Treatment in Patients With Stage IB Mycosis Fungoides. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:954-956. [PMID: 35731525 PMCID: PMC9218923 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This cohort study of data from 39 patients assesses whether the presence of a dominant T-cell receptor clone in peripheral blood is associated with time to systemic treatment in patients with stage IB mycosis fungoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Raychaudhuri
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yann Charli-Joseph
- Cutaneous Hematopathology Clinic, Department of Dermatology, National Institute of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chiung-Yu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Michelle A. Mintz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Laura B. Pincus
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Weiyun Z. Ai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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Duan L, Liu D, Chen H, Mintz MA, Chou MY, Kotov DI, Xu Y, An J, Laidlaw BJ, Cyster JG. Follicular dendritic cells restrict interleukin-4 availability in germinal centers and foster memory B cell generation. Immunity 2021; 54:2256-2272.e6. [PMID: 34555336 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B cells within germinal centers (GCs) enter cycles of antibody affinity maturation or exit the GC as memory cells or plasma cells. Here, we examined the contribution of interleukin (IL)-4 on B cell fate decisions in the GC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing identified a subset of light zone GC B cells expressing high IL-4 receptor-a (IL4Ra) and CD23 and lacking a Myc-associated signature. These cells could differentiate into pre-memory cells. B cell-specific deletion of IL4Ra or STAT6 favored the pre-memory cell trajectory, and provision of exogenous IL-4 in a wild-type context reduced pre-memory cell frequencies. IL-4 acted during antigen-specific interactions but also influenced bystander cells. Deletion of IL4Ra from follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) increased the availability of IL-4 in the GC, impaired the selection of affinity-matured B cells, and reduced memory cell generation. We propose that GC FDCs establish a niche that limits bystander IL-4 activity, focusing IL-4 action on B cells undergoing selection and enhancing memory cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hsin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dmitri I Kotov
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Hoover J, Mintz MA, Deiter F, Aminian E, Chen J, Hays SR, Singer JP, Calabrese DR, Kukreja J, Greenland JR. Rapid molecular detection of airway pathogens in lung transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13579. [PMID: 33523538 PMCID: PMC8325716 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway infections are difficult to distinguish from acute rejection in lung transplant recipients. Traditional culture techniques take time that may delay treatment. We hypothesized that a rapid multiplex molecular assay could improve time to diagnosis and appropriate clinical decision making. METHODS In a prospective observational study of recipients undergoing bronchoscopy, we assessed the BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel (BFPP) in parallel to standard of care (SOC) diagnostics. Research clinicians performed shadow (research only) clinical decision making in real time. Time to report and interpretation were reported as median and interquartile ranges and compared by Wilcoxon signed-ranked test. Agreement was defined based on detection of any species targeted in the molecular assay. RESULTS For the 150 enrolled subjects, BFPP results were available 3.8 hours (IQR 2.8-5.1) following bronchoscopy, compared to 13 hours for viral SOC (IQR 10-34, P < .001) results and 48 hours for bacterial SOC (IQR 46-70, P < .001) results. Positive BFPP results were interpreted in 9 hours (IQR 5-20) following bronchoscopy, compared to 74 hours for SOC (IQR 37-110, P < .001). Assays agreed for 138 (92%) of the 150 subjects. Of 22 BFPP diagnoses, five (23%) resulted in a shadow antibiotic recommendation. Notable BFPP deficiencies included fungal species and H parainfluenzae, accounting for 15 (27%) and 13 (23%) of the 56 actionable SOC results, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This molecular diagnostic including bacterial targets has the potential to shorten time to diagnosis and augment current clinical decision making but cannot replace SOC culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoover
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | | | - Fred Deiter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | - Emily Aminian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | - Joy Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | - Steven R. Hays
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | | | - Daniel R Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco CA
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco CA
| | - John R Greenland
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco CA
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Cheng J, Klei LR, Hubel NE, Zhang M, Schairer R, Maurer LM, Klei HB, Kang H, Concel VJ, Delekta PC, Dang EV, Mintz MA, Baens M, Cyster JG, Parameswaran N, Thome M, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. GRK2 suppresses lymphomagenesis by inhibiting the MALT1 proto-oncoprotein. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:1036-1051. [PMID: 31961340 DOI: 10.1172/jci97040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor-dependent (AgR-dependent) stimulation of the NF-κB transcription factor in lymphocytes is a required event during adaptive immune response, but dysregulated activation of this signaling pathway can lead to lymphoma. AgR stimulation promotes assembly of the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex, wherein MALT1 acts as (a) a scaffold to recruit components of the canonical NF-κB machinery and (b) a protease to cleave and inactivate specific substrates, including negative regulators of NF-κB. In multiple lymphoma subtypes, malignant B cells hijack AgR signaling pathways to promote their own growth and survival, and inhibiting MALT1 reduces the viability and growth of these tumors. As such, MALT1 has emerged as a potential pharmaceutical target. Here, we identified G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a new MALT1-interacting protein. We demonstrated that GRK2 binds the death domain of MALT1 and inhibits MALT1 scaffolding and proteolytic activities. We found that lower GRK2 levels in activated B cell-type diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) are associated with reduced survival, and that GRK2 knockdown enhances ABC-DLBCL tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that GRK2 can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting MALT1 and provide a roadmap for developing new strategies to inhibit MALT1-dependent lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathaniel E Hubel
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Schairer
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Heejae Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Phillip C Delekta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric V Dang
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mathijs Baens
- Human Genome Laboratory, VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, and.,Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Immunity and Infection, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mintz MA, Cyster JG. T follicular helper cells in germinal center B cell selection and lymphomagenesis. Immunol Rev 2020; 296:48-61. [PMID: 32412663 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are confined anatomic regions where rapidly proliferating B cells undergo somatic mutation and selection and eventual differentiation into memory B cells or long-lived plasma cells. GCs are also the origin of malignancy, namely follicular lymphoma (FL), GC B cell-diffuse large B cell lymphoma (GCB-DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). GC B cell lymphomas maintain their GC transcriptional signatures and sustain many features of the GC microenvironment, including CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells are essential for the formation and maintenance of GCs, providing critical helper signals such as CD40L. Large-scale sequencing efforts have led to new insights about the tightly regulated selection mechanisms that are commonly targeted during GC B cell lymphomagenesis. For instance, HVEM, a frequently mutated surface molecule in GC-derived lymphomas, engages the inhibitory receptor BTLA on Tfh cells and loss of HVEM leads to exaggerated T cell help. Here, we review current understanding of how Tfh cells contribute to the selection of GC B cells, with a particular emphasis on how Tfh cell signals may contribute to lymphomagenesis. The possibility of targeting Tfh cells for the treatment of GC-derived lymphomas is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Mintz MA, Felce JH, Chou MY, Mayya V, Xu Y, Shui JW, An J, Li Z, Marson A, Okada T, Ware CF, Kronenberg M, Dustin ML, Cyster JG. The HVEM-BTLA Axis Restrains T Cell Help to Germinal Center B Cells and Functions as a Cell-Extrinsic Suppressor in Lymphomagenesis. Immunity 2019; 51:310-323.e7. [PMID: 31204070 PMCID: PMC6703922 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM is one of the most frequently mutated surface proteins in germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas. We found that HVEM deficiency increased B cell competitiveness during pre-GC and GC responses. The immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily protein BTLA regulated HVEM-expressing B cell responses independently of B-cell-intrinsic signaling via HVEM or BTLA. BTLA signaling into T cells through the phosphatase SHP1 reduced T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and preformed CD40 ligand mobilization to the immunological synapse, thus diminishing the help delivered to B cells. Moreover, T cell deficiency in BTLA cooperated with B cell Bcl-2 overexpression, leading to GC B cell outgrowth. These results establish that HVEM restrains the T helper signals delivered to B cells to influence GC selection outcomes, and they suggest that BTLA functions as a cell-extrinsic suppressor of GC B cell lymphomagenesis. HVEM deficiency increases B cell competitiveness in response to T cell help Preformed CD40L upregulation is tuned to TCR signal strength HVEM engagement of Tfh BTLA signals via SHP1 to restrain CD40L and B cell proliferation T cell BTLA is an extrinsic repressor of Bcl-2-overexpressing GC B cell accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Mintz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James H Felce
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marissa Y Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinping An
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takaharu Okada
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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