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Schneble D, El-Gazzar A, Kargarpour Z, Kramer M, Metekol S, Stoshikj S, Idzko M. Cell-type-specific role of P2Y2 receptor in HDM-driven model of allergic airway inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209097. [PMID: 37790940 PMCID: PMC10543084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is a chronic respiratory disease that is considered a severe restriction in daily life and is accompanied by a constant risk of acute aggravation. It is characterized by IgE-dependent activation of mast cells, infiltration of eosinophils, and activated T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) lymphocytes into airway mucosa. Purinergic receptor signaling is known to play a crucial role in inducing and maintaining allergic airway inflammation. Previous studies in an ovalbumin (OVA)-alum mouse model demonstrated a contribution of the P2Y2 purinergic receptor subtype (P2RY2) in allergic airway inflammation. However, conflicting data concerning the mechanism by which P2RY2 triggers AAI has been reported. Thus, we aimed at elucidating the cell-type-specific role of P2RY2 signaling in house dust mite (HDM)-driven model of allergic airway inflammation. Thereupon, HDM-driven AAI was induced in conditional knockout mice, deficient or intact for P2ry2 in either alveolar epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells, myeloid cells, helper T cells, or dendritic cells. To analyze the functional role of P2RY2 in these mice models, flow cytometry of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), cytokine measurement of BALF, invasive lung function measurement, HDM re-stimulation of mediastinal lymph node (MLN) cells, and lung histology were performed. Mice that were subjected to an HDM-based model of allergic airway inflammation resulted in reduced signs of acute airway inflammation including eosinophilia in BALF, peribronchial inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mice deficient for P2ry2 in alveolar epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells, myeloid cells, or dendritic cells. Furthermore, the migration of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and bone-marrow-derived monocytes, both deficient in P2ry2, towards ATP was impaired. Additionally, we found reduced levels of MCP-1/CCL2 and IL-8 homologues in the BALF of mice deficient in P2ry2 in myeloid cells and lower concentrations of IL-33 in the lung tissue of mice deficient in P2ry2 in alveolar epithelial cells. In summary, our results show that P2RY2 contributes to HDM-induced airway inflammation by mediating proinflammatory cytokine production in airway epithelial cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells and drives the recruitment of lung dendritic cells and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schneble
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zahra Kargarpour
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kramer
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seda Metekol
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Slagjana Stoshikj
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Jasmer KJ, Muñoz Forti K, Woods LT, Cha S, Weisman GA. Therapeutic potential for P2Y 2 receptor antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3. [PMID: 36219327 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the target of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drug therapies. Though the purinergic P2 receptors have been an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with successes such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) antagonism remains relatively unexplored as a therapeutic strategy. Due to a lack of selective antagonists to modify P2Y2R activity, studies using primarily genetic manipulation have revealed roles for P2Y2R in a multitude of diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, renal diseases, cancer, and pathogenic infections. With the advent of AR-C118925, a selective and potent P2Y2R antagonist that became commercially available only a few years ago, new opportunities exist to gain a more robust understanding of P2Y2R function and assess therapeutic effects of P2Y2R antagonism. This review discusses the characteristics of P2Y2R that make it unique among P2 receptors, namely its involvement in five distinct signaling pathways including canonical Gαq protein signaling. We also discuss the effects of other P2Y2R antagonists and the pivotal development of AR-C118925. The remainder of this review concerns the mounting evidence implicating P2Y2Rs in disease pathogenesis, focusing on those studies that have evaluated AR-C118925 in pre-clinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern/Cell Death Pathways in Vaccine-Induced Immunity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122340. [PMID: 34960608 PMCID: PMC8708515 DOI: 10.3390/v13122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses induced by natural infection and vaccination are known to be initiated by the recognition of microbial patterns by cognate receptors, since microbes and most vaccine components contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Recent discoveries on the roles of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cell death in immunogenicity have improved our understanding of the mechanism underlying vaccine-induced immunity. DAMPs are usually immunologically inert, but can transform into alarming signals to activate the resting immune system in response to pathogenic infection, cellular stress and death, or tissue damage. The activation of DAMPs and cell death pathways can trigger local inflammation, occasionally mediating adaptive immunity, including antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that the components of vaccines and adjuvants induce immunogenicity via the stimulation of DAMP/cell death pathways. Furthermore, strategies for targeting this pathway to enhance immunogenicity are being investigated actively. In this review, we describe various DAMPs and focus on the roles of DAMP/cell death pathways in the context of vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer.
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Gong L, Yu L, Gong X, Wang C, Hu N, Dai X, Peng C, Li Y. Exploration of anti-inflammatory mechanism of forsythiaside A and forsythiaside B in CuSO 4-induced inflammation in zebrafish by metabolomic and proteomic analyses. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:173. [PMID: 32493433 PMCID: PMC7271515 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a general pathological phenomenon during severe disturbances to the homeostasis. Forsythiaside A (FA) and forsythiaside B (FB), isolated from the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, are phenylethanoid compounds that show a significant anti-inflammatory effect. However, the properties and therapeutic mechanisms of this effect have not yet been systematically elucidated. METHODS In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of FA and FB were investigated in CuSO4-induced inflammation in zebrafish larvae. Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) was investigated using fluorescence probes. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were carried out to identify the expressions of metabolites and proteins associated with the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FA and FB. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the progressive changes in gene expression. RESULTS FA and FB inhibited neutrophils migration to the damaged neuromasts and remarkably reduced CuSO4-induced ROS and NO generation in zebrafish larvae. Metabolomic analysis pointed to the involvement of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, energy metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism. Proteomic analysis identified 146 differentially expressed proteins between the control and model groups. These included collagen [collagen type II alpha 1b precursor (col2a1b), collagen alpha-2(IX) chain precursor (col9a2), collagen type IX alpha I precursor (col9a1b)], nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3 isoform X1 (Nme3), WD repeat-containing protein 3 (Wdr3), and 28S ribosomal protein S7 mitochondrial precursor (Mrps7). FA and FB were shown to reverse the abnormal expressions of potential metabolite and protein biomarkers and alleviate CuSO4-induced damage to the neuromasts in the zebrafish lateral line. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that FA and FB possess remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, protecting against CuSO4-induced neuromasts damage in zebrafish larvae. The results also suggest a multi-component and multi-regulatory therapeutic mechanism for FA and FB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Linyuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Naihua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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5
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DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:95-112. [PMID: 31558839 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 890] [Impact Index Per Article: 178.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system has the capacity to detect 'non-self' molecules derived from pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, via pattern recognition receptors. In addition, an increasing number of endogenous host-derived molecules, termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), have been found to be sensed by various innate immune receptors. The recognition of DAMPs, which are produced or released by damaged and dying cells, promotes sterile inflammation, which is important for tissue repair and regeneration, but can also lead to the development of numerous inflammatory diseases, such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here we examine recent discoveries concerning the roles of DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and in diseases resulting from dysregulated sterile inflammation, and then discuss insights into the cross-regulation of these receptors and their ligands.
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6
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Antipurinergic therapy for autism-An in-depth review. Mitochondrion 2017; 43:1-15. [PMID: 29253638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Are the symptoms of autism caused by a treatable metabolic syndrome that traces to the abnormal persistence of a normal, alternative functional state of mitochondria? A small clinical trial published in 2017 suggests this is possible. Based on a new unifying theory of pathogenesis for autism called the cell danger response (CDR) hypothesis, this study of 10 boys, ages 5-14years, showed that all 5 boys who received antipurinergic therapy (APT) with a single intravenous dose of suramin experienced improvements in all the core symptoms of autism that lasted for 5-8weeks. Language, social interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive movements all improved. Two children who were non-verbal spoke their first sentences. None of these improvements were observed in the placebo group. Larger and longer studies are needed to confirm this promising discovery. This review introduces the concept of M2 (anti-inflammatory) and M1 (pro-inflammatory) mitochondria that are polarized along a functional continuum according to cell stress. The pathophysiology of the CDR, the complementary functions of M1 and M2 mitochondria, relevant gene-environment interactions, and the metabolic underpinnings of behavior are discussed as foundation stones for understanding the improvements in ASD behaviors produced by antipurinergic therapy in this small clinical trial.
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7
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Gangwar RS, Landolina N, Arpinati L, Levi-Schaffer F. Mast cell and eosinophil surface receptors as targets for anti-allergic therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:37-63. [PMID: 27773785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh Singh Gangwar
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nadine Landolina
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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8
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Wan HX, Hu JH, Xie R, Yang SM, Dong H. Important roles of P2Y receptors in the inflammation and cancer of digestive system. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28736-47. [PMID: 26908460 PMCID: PMC5053759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is important for many biological processes in humans. Purinoceptors P2Y are widely distributed in human digestive system and different subtypes of P2Y receptors mediate different physiological functions from metabolism, proliferation, differentiation to apoptosis etc. The P2Y receptors are essential in many gastrointestinal functions and also involve in the occurrence of some digestive diseases. Since different subtypes of P2Y receptors are present on the same cell of digestive organs, varying subtypes of P2Y receptors may have opposite or synergetic functions on the same cell. Recently, growing lines of evidence strongly suggest the involvement of P2Y receptors in the pathogenesis of several digestive diseases. In this review, we will focus on their important roles in the development of digestive inflammation and cancer. We anticipate that as the special subtypes of P2Y receptors are studied in depth, specific modulators for them will have good potentials to become promising new drugs to treat human digestive diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Rei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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9
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Wright A, Mahaut-Smith M, Symon F, Sylvius N, Ran S, Bafadhel M, Muessel M, Bradding P, Wardlaw A, Vial C. Impaired P2X1 Receptor-Mediated Adhesion in Eosinophils from Asthmatic Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4877-84. [PMID: 27183585 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and can be activated by extracellular nucleotides released following cell damage or inflammation. For example, increased ATP concentrations were reported in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of asthmatic patients. Although eosinophils are known to express several subtypes of P2 receptors for extracellular nucleotides, their function and contribution to asthma remain unclear. In this article, we show that transcripts for P2X1, P2X4, and P2X5 receptors were expressed in healthy and asthmatic eosinophils. The P2X receptor agonist α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-meATP; 10 μM) evoked rapidly activating and desensitizing inward currents (peak 18 ± 3 pA/pF at -60 mV) in healthy eosinophils, typical of P2X1 homomeric receptors, which were abolished by the selective P2X1 antagonist NF449 (1 μM) (3 ± 2 pA/pF). α,β-meATP-evoked currents were smaller in eosinophils from asthmatic patients (8 ± 2 versus 27 ± 5 pA/pF for healthy) but were enhanced following treatment with a high concentration of the nucleotidase apyrase (17 ± 5 pA/pF for 10 IU/ml and 11 ± 3 pA/pF for 0.32 IU/ml), indicating that the channels are partially desensitized by extracellular nucleotides. α,β-meATP (10 μM) increased the expression of CD11b activated form in eosinophils from healthy, but not asthmatic, donors (143 ± 21% and 108 ± 11% of control response, respectively). Furthermore, α,β-meATP increased healthy (18 ± 2% compared with control 10 ± 1%) but not asthmatic (13 ± 1% versus 10 ± 0% for control) eosinophil adhesion. Healthy human eosinophils express functional P2X1 receptors whose activation leads to eosinophil αMβ2 integrin-dependent adhesion. P2X1 responses are constitutively reduced in asthmatic compared with healthy eosinophils, probably as the result of an increase in extracellular nucleotide concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wright
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Mahaut-Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Symon
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Shaun Ran
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Muessel
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bradding
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wardlaw
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Vial
- Institute for Lung Health, National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service Trust, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom;
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10
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Muniz VS, Baptista-dos-Reis R, Benjamim CF, Mata-Santos HA, Pyrrho AS, Strauch MA, Melo PA, Vicentino ARR, Silva-Paiva J, Bandeira-Melo C, Weller PF, Figueiredo RT, Neves JS. Purinergic P2Y12 Receptor Activation in Eosinophils and the Schistosomal Host Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139805. [PMID: 26448282 PMCID: PMC4598158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying new target molecules through which eosinophils secrete their stored proteins may reveal new therapeutic approaches for the control of eosinophilic disorders such as host immune responses to parasites. We have recently reported the expression of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) in human eosinophils; however, its functional role in this cell type and its involvement in eosinophilic inflammation remain unknown. Here, we investigated functional roles of P2Y12R in isolated human eosinophils and in a murine model of eosinophilic inflammation induced by Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. We found that adenosine 5’-diphosphate (ADP) induced human eosinophils to secrete eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in a P2Y12R dependent manner. However, ADP did not interfere with human eosinophil apoptosis or chemotaxis in vitro. In vivo, C57Bl/6 mice were infected with cercariae of the Belo Horizonte strain of S. mansoni. Analyses performed 55 days post infection revealed that P2Y12R blockade reduced the granulomatous hepatic area and the eosinophilic infiltrate, collagen deposition and IL-13/IL-4 production in the liver without affecting the parasite oviposition. As found for humans, murine eosinophils also express the P2Y12R. P2Y12R inhibition increased blood eosinophilia, whereas it decreased the bone marrow eosinophil count. Our results suggest that P2Y12R has an important role in eosinophil EPO secretion and in establishing the inflammatory response in the course of a S. mansoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdirene S. Muniz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Baptista-dos-Reis
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia F. Benjamim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre S. Pyrrho
- Pharmacy School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Strauch
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Melo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda R. R. Vicentino
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva-Paiva
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Peter F. Weller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Allergy and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo T. Figueiredo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences/Unit of Xerem, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Josiane S. Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kobayashi T, Soma T, Noguchi T, Nakagome K, Nakamoto H, Kita H, Nagata M. ATP drives eosinophil effector responses through P2 purinergic receptors. Allergol Int 2015; 64 Suppl:S30-6. [PMID: 26344078 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils recognize various stimuli, such as cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, complement, and external pathogens, resulting in their accumulation in mucosal tissues and the progression of inflammation. Eosinophils are also involved in innate Th2-type immune responses mediated through endogenous danger signals, including IL-33, uric acid (UA), or ATP, in non-sensitized mice exposed to environmental allergens. However, the mechanism involved in eosinophil responses to these danger signals remains insufficiently understood. METHODS We examined migration, adhesion, superoxide production and degranulation of human eosinophils. Isolated eosinophils were incubated with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and ATPγS, a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue. To determine the involvement of P2 or P2Y2 receptors in eosinophil responses to UA and ATP, eosinophils were preincubated with a pan-P2 receptor inhibitor, oxidized ATP (oATP), or anti-P2Y2 antibody before incubation with MSU crystals or ATPγS. RESULTS MSU crystals induced adhesion of eosinophils to recombinant human (rh)-ICAM-1 and induced production of superoxide. oATP abolished eosinophil responses to MSU crystals, suggesting involvement of endogenous ATP and its receptors. Furthermore, exogenous ATP, as ATPγS, induced migration of eosinophils through a model basement membrane, adhesion to rh-ICAM-1, superoxide generation, and degranulation of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). oATP and anti-P2Y2 significantly reduced these eosinophil responses. CONCLUSIONS ATP serves as an essential mediator of functional responses in human eosinophils. Eosinophil responses to ATP may be implicated in airway inflammation in patients with asthma.
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12
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Liu Y. The role of nucleotides and purinergic signaling in apoptotic cell clearance - implications for chronic inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:656. [PMID: 25566266 PMCID: PMC4274988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of cells undergo apoptosis every day in healthy individuals. A prompt removal of dying cells prevents the release of pro-inflammatory intracellular content and progress to secondary necrosis. Thus, inappropriate clearance of apoptotic cells provokes autoimmunity and has been associated with many chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have suggested that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate and related nucleotides play an important role in the apoptotic clearance process. Here, we review the current understanding of nucleotides and purinergic receptors in apoptotic cell clearance and the potential therapeutic targets of purinergic receptor subtypes in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Burnstock G, Boeynaems JM. Purinergic signalling and immune cells. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:529-64. [PMID: 25352330 PMCID: PMC4272370 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a historical perspective on the role of purinergic signalling in the regulation of various subsets of immune cells from early discoveries to current understanding. It is now recognised that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and other nucleotides are released from cells following stress or injury. They can act on virtually all subsets of immune cells through a spectrum of P2X ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Furthermore, ATP is rapidly degraded into adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, and adenosine exerts additional regulatory effects through its own receptors. The resulting effect ranges from stimulation to tolerance depending on the amount and time courses of nucleotides released, and the balance between ATP and adenosine. This review identifies the various receptors involved in the different subsets of immune cells and their effects on the function of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Stachon P, Peikert A, Michel NA, Hergeth S, Marchini T, Wolf D, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Ayata CK, Grimm M, Cicko S, Schulte L, Reinöhl J, von zur Muhlen C, Bode C, Idzko M, Zirlik A. P2Y6 deficiency limits vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2237-45. [PMID: 25104800 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, UTP, and UDP serve as proinflammatory danger signals via purinergic receptors on their release to the extracellular space by activated or dying cells. UDP binds to the purinergic receptor Y6 (P2Y6) and propagates vascular inflammation by inducing the expression of chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-8, or its mouse homologsCCL1 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 1)/keratinocyte chemokine, CXCL2 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 2)/macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and CXCL5 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 5)/LIX, and adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1. Thus, P2Y6 contributes to leukocyte recruitment and inflammation in conditions such as allergic asthma or sepsis. Because atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by leukocyte recruitment to the vessel wall, we hypothesized a role of P2Y6 in atherogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Intraperitoneal stimulation of wild-type mice with UDP induced rolling and adhesion of leukocytes to the vessel wall as assessed by intravital microscopy. This effect was not present in P2Y6-deficient mice. Atherosclerotic aortas of low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice consuming high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks expressed significantly more transcripts and protein of P2Y6 than respective controls. Finally, P2Y6 (-/-)/low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice consuming high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks developed significantly smaller atherosclerotic lesions compared with P2Y6 (+/+)/low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Bone marrow transplantation identified a crucial role of P2Y6 on vascular resident cells, most likely endothelial cells, on leukocyte recruitment and atherogenesis. Atherosclerotic lesions of P2Y6-deficient mice contained fewer macrophages and fewer lipids as determined by immunohistochemistry. Mechanistically, RNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin-6 was decreased in these lesions and P2Y6-deficient macrophages took up less modified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that P2Y6 deficiency limits atherosclerosis and plaque inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stachon
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Alexander Peikert
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Nathaly Anto Michel
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Sonja Hergeth
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Bianca Dufner
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Melanie Grimm
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Sanja Cicko
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Lisa Schulte
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Jochen Reinöhl
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Constantin von zur Muhlen
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Christoph Bode
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Marco Idzko
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.)
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- From the Atherogenesis Research Group, University Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (P.S., A.P., N.A.M., S.H., T.M., D.W., B.D., N.H., L.S., J.R., C.v.z.M., C.B., A.Z.); and Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (C.K.A., M.G., S.C., M.I.).
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15
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Nucleotide signalling during inflammation. Nature 2014; 509:310-7. [PMID: 24828189 DOI: 10.1038/nature13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions are associated with the extracellular release of nucleotides, particularly ATP. In the extracellular compartment, ATP predominantly functions as a signalling molecule through the activation of purinergic P2 receptors. Metabotropic P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled, whereas ionotropic P2X receptors are ATP-gated ion channels. Here we discuss how signalling events through P2 receptors alter the outcomes of inflammatory or infectious diseases. Recent studies implicate a role for P2X/P2Y signalling in mounting appropriate inflammatory responses critical for host defence against invading pathogens or tumours. Conversely, P2X/P2Y signalling can promote chronic inflammation during ischaemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease or acute and chronic diseases of the lungs. Although nucleotide signalling has been used clinically in patients before, research indicates an expanding field of opportunities for specifically targeting individual P2 receptors for the treatment of inflammatory or infectious diseases.
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Jacob F, Novo CP, Bachert C, Van Crombruggen K. Purinergic signaling in inflammatory cells: P2 receptor expression, functional effects, and modulation of inflammatory responses. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:285-306. [PMID: 23404828 PMCID: PMC3757148 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and related nucleotides promote a wide range of pathophysiological responses via activation of cell surface purinergic P2 receptors. Almost every cell type expresses P2 receptors and/or exhibit regulated release of ATP. In this review, we focus on the purinergic receptor distribution in inflammatory cells and their implication in diverse immune responses by providing an overview of the current knowledge in the literature related to purinergic signaling in neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells. The pathophysiological role of purinergic signaling in these cells include among others calcium mobilization, actin polymerization, chemotaxis, release of mediators, cell maturation, cytotoxicity, and cell death. We finally discuss the therapeutic potential of P2 receptor subtype selective drugs in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenila Jacob
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claudina Pérez Novo
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Crombruggen
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Vieira RP, Müller T, Grimm M, von Gernler V, Vetter B, Dürk T, Cicko S, Ayata CK, Sorichter S, Robaye B, Zeiser R, Ferrari D, Kirschbaum A, Zissel G, Virchow JC, Boeynaems JM, Idzko M. Purinergic receptor type 6 contributes to airway inflammation and remodeling in experimental allergic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:215-23. [PMID: 21512170 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201011-1762oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular nucleotides have recently been identified as proinflammatory mediators involved in asthma pathogenesis by signaling via purinergic receptors, but the role of the purinergic receptor type 6 (P2Y6R) has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of P2Y6R in asthma pathogenesis. METHODS Acute and chronic OVA model and also HDM model of allergic inflammation in C57Bl/6 mice treated with specific P2Y6R antagonist and P2Y6R(-/-) mice were evaluated for classical features of asthmatic inflammation. In addition, primary epithelial cell culture from human and epithelial cell lines from mouse and human were stimulated with P2Y6R agonist and treated with P2Y6R antagonist and assessed for IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8 and KC levels. Experiments with P2Y6R(-/-) and P2Y6R(+/+) chimera were performed to discriminate the role of P2Y6R activation in structural lung cells and in cells from hematopoietic system. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed that the intratracheal application of a P2Y6R antagonist (MRS2578) and P2Y6R deficiency inhibited cardinal features of asthma, such as bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, airway remodeling, Th2 cytokine production, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the ovalbumin-alum model. MRS2578 was also effective in reducing airway inflammation in a model using house dust mite extracts to induce allergic lung inflammation. Experiments with bone marrow chimeras revealed the importance of the P2Y6R expression on lung structural cells in airway inflammation. In accordance with this finding, we found a strong up-regulation of P2Y6 expression on airway epithelial cells of animals with experimental asthma. Concerning the underlying mechanism, we observed that MRS2578 inhibited the release of IL-6 and IL-8/KC by lung epithelial cells in vivo, whereas intrapulmonary application of the P2Y6R agonist uridine-5'-diphosphate increased the bronchoalveolar levels of IL-6 and KC. In addition, selective activation of P2Y6 receptors induced the release of IL-6 and KC/IL-8 by murine and human lung epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS P2Y6R expression on airway epithelial cells is up-regulated during acute and chronic allergic airway inflammation, and selective blocking of P2Y6R or P2Y6R deficiency on the structural cells reduces cardinal features of experimental asthma. Thus, blocking pulmonary P2Y6R might be a target for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
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Kobayashi T, Kouzaki H, Kita H. Human eosinophils recognize endogenous danger signal crystalline uric acid and produce proinflammatory cytokines mediated by autocrine ATP. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:6350-8. [PMID: 20483787 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes involved in various inflammatory processes, as well as tissue remodeling and immunoregulation. During inflammation and infection, injured cells and damaged tissues release uric acid and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as important endogenous danger signals. Uric acid is also implicated in the immunogenic effects of an authentic Th2 adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide. Eosinophils often localize at sites of Th2-type chronic inflammation; therefore, we hypothesized that eosinophils may react to endogenous danger signals. We found that human eosinophils migrate toward soluble uric acid and MSU crystals in a gradient-dependent manner. Eosinophils incubated with MSU crystals, but not those incubated with uric acid solution, produced elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8. Other cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1beta, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-gamma, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, TNF-alpha, G-CSF, GM-CSF, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and TGF-beta, were also produced by eosinophils incubated with MSU crystals. Eosinophils exposed to MSU crystals rapidly (i.e., within 1 min of exposure) released ATP into the extracellular milieu. Importantly, this autocrine ATP was necessary for eosinophils to produce cytokines in response to MSU crystals, and P2 nucleotide receptors, in particular P2Y(2), are likely involved in this positive feedback loop. Finally, at higher concentrations, MSU crystals promoted P2R-dependent release of a granule protein (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and cell death. Thus, human eosinophils may respond to particulate damage-associated endogenous danger signals. These responses by eosinophils to tissue damage may explain the self-perpetuating nature of chronic inflammation in certain human diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kobayashi
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Neves JS, Radke AL, Weller PF. Cysteinyl leukotrienes acting via granule membrane-expressed receptors elicit secretion from within cell-free human eosinophil granules. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:477-82. [PMID: 20159258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are recognized to act via receptors (cysLTRs) expressed on cell surface plasma membranes. Agents that block cysLT(1) receptor (cysLT(1)R) are therapeutics for allergic disorders. Eosinophils contain multiple preformed proteins stored within their intracellular granules. Cell-free eosinophil granules are present extracellularly as intact membrane-bound organelles in sites associated with eosinophil infiltration, including asthma, rhinitis, and urticaria, but have unknown functional capabilities. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the expression of cysLTRs on eosinophil granule membranes and their functional roles in eliciting protein secretion from within eosinophil granules. METHODS We studied secretory responses of human eosinophil granules isolated by subcellular fractionation. Granules were stimulated with cysLTs, and eosinophil cationic protein and cytokines were measured in the supernatants. Receptor expression on granule membranes and eosinophils was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS We report that receptors for cysLTs, cysLT(1)R, cysLT(2) receptor, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are expressed on eosinophil granule membranes. Leukotriene (LT) C(4) and extracellularly generated LTD(4) and LTE(4) stimulated isolated eosinophil granules to secrete eosinophil cationic protein. MRS 2395, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist, inhibited cysLT-induced eosinophil cationic protein release. Montelukast, likely not solely as an inhibitor of cysLT(1)R, inhibited eosinophil cationic protein release elicited by LTC(4) and LTD(4) as well as by LTE(4). CONCLUSION These studies identify previously unrecognized sites of localization, the membranes of intracellular eosinophil granule organelles, and function for cysLT-responsive receptors that mediate cysteinyl leukotriene-stimulated secretion from within eosinophil granules, including those present extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane S Neves
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Hara A, Mukae H, Hara S, Amenomori M, Ishimoto H, Kakugawa T, Fujita H, Sakamoto N, Ishii H, Ishimatsu Y, Kohno S. Drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia with pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage caused by benzbromarone. Intern Med 2010; 49:435-8. [PMID: 20190479 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with cough, hemosputum, dyspnea and chest pain. Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs with peripheral predominance. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was fresh-bloody and analysis indicated an increase in the eosinophil proportion. Benzbromarone-induced lymphocyte stimulation test was positive. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed as having drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia with pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage caused by benzbromarone. After discontinuation of benzbromarone and administration of corticosteroids, chest HRCT images and respiratory manifestation improved. Here, we report this rare case of benzbromarone-induced eosinophilic pneumonia with pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Hara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
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21
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Song KS, Lee TJ, Kim K, Chung KC, Yoon JH. cAMP-responding element-binding protein and c-Ets1 interact in the regulation of ATP-dependent MUC5AC gene expression. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:26869-78. [PMID: 18676374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802507200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous ATP activates purinoreceptors on the cell surface that regulate diverse cellular functions, including mucous cell secretion in the respiratory epithelium. In this study, ATP increased MUC5AC mRNA in primary human nasal epithelial cells and in NCI-H292 pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. ATP-induced MUC5AC mRNA was mediated by phospholipase Cbeta3. A dominant-negative mutation in the PDZ binding domain of PLCbeta3 inhibited ATP-induced MUC5AC gene expression. ATP sequentially activated the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, p38, RSK1, and cAMP-responding element-binding protein (CREB) in a protein kinase C-independent manner. ATP-induced MUC5AC mRNA levels were regulated by CREB via direct interaction with c-Ets1 on the MUC5AC gene promoter (located -938 to -930). Effects of CREB and c-Ets1 were additive. Inhibition of either CREB or c-Ets1 inhibited ATP-induced MUC5AC gene expression. Stimulation with ATP caused the direct binding of CREB and c-Ets1 to the MUC5AC promoter, increasing the phosphorylation of c-Ets1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that in the presence of ATP, both c-Ets1 and CREB bound to the MUC5AC promoter. The effects of exogenous ATP on MUC5AC gene expression are mediated by a complex regulatory cascade controlling interactions between CREB and c-Ets1 that bind to a promoter element in the MUC5AC gene enhancing MUC5AC gene transcription. ATP-dependent activation of MUC5AC gene expression via CREB-c-Ets1 may contribute to mucous cell hypersecretion associated with common respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Seob Song
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Idzko M, Hammad H, van Nimwegen M, Kool M, Willart MAM, Muskens F, Hoogsteden HC, Luttmann W, Ferrari D, Di Virgilio F, Virchow JC, Lambrecht BN. Extracellular ATP triggers and maintains asthmatic airway inflammation by activating dendritic cells. Nat Med 2007; 13:913-9. [PMID: 17632526 DOI: 10.1038/nm1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP serves as a danger signal to alert the immune system of tissue damage by acting on P2X or P2Y receptors. Here we show that allergen challenge causes acute accumulation of ATP in the airways of asthmatic subjects and mice with experimentally induced asthma. All the cardinal features of asthma, including eosinophilic airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production and bronchial hyper-reactivity, were abrogated when lung ATP levels were locally neutralized using apyrase or when mice were treated with broad-spectrum P2-receptor antagonists. In addition to these effects of ATP in established inflammation, Th2 sensitization to inhaled antigen was enhanced by endogenous or exogenous ATP. The adjuvant effects of ATP were due to the recruitment and activation of lung myeloid dendritic cells that induced Th2 responses in the mediastinal nodes. Together these data show that purinergic signaling has a key role in allergen-driven lung inflammation that is likely to be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Idzko
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdan, The Netherlands.
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Lister MF, Sharkey J, Sawatzky DA, Hodgkiss JP, Davidson DJ, Rossi AG, Finlayson K. The role of the purinergic P2X7 receptor in inflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2007; 4:5. [PMID: 17367517 PMCID: PMC1838907 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process, orchestrated against a variety of injurious stimuli, is composed of three inter-related phases; initiation, propagation and resolution. Understanding the interplay between these three phases and harnessing the beneficial properties of inflammation whilst preventing its damaging effects, will undoubtedly lead to the advent of much needed therapies, particularly in chronic disease states. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is increasingly recognised as an important cell surface regulator of several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1beta, IL-18, TNF-alpha and IL-6. Moreover, as P2X7R-dependent cytokine production is driven by activating the inflammasome, antagonists of this receptor are likely to have therapeutic potential as novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The function of the P2X7R in inflammation, immunity and its potential role in disease will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Lister
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John Sharkey
- Astellas CNS Research in Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Deborah A Sawatzky
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joseph P Hodgkiss
- Astellas CNS Research in Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Donald J Davidson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Keith Finlayson
- Astellas CNS Research in Edinburgh, The Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SB, UK
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Myrtek D, Idzko M. Chemotactic activity of extracellular nucleotideson human immune cells. Purinergic Signal 2007; 3:5-11. [PMID: 18404414 PMCID: PMC2096771 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic P2 receptors are a class of plasma membrane receptors that are express in many tissues and are ligated by extracellular nucleotides [such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), uridine 5–triphosphate (UTP) and uridine 5–diphosphate (UDP)], which are released as a consequence of cell damage, cell stress, bacterial infection or other noxious stimuli. According to the molecular structure, P2 receptors are divided into two subfamilies: P2X and P2Y receptors. The P2X receptors are ligand-gated channels, whereas P2Y receptors are G-protein-coupled seven-membrane-spanning receptors. Several studies indicate that nucleotides play an important role in immune response modulation through their action on multiple cell types, including monocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Recent work by our group and others identified extracellular nucleotides as chemotaxins for various human immune cells, including eosinophils, neutrophils and dendritic cells. In this review, we summarise recent findings in this field and put forward a hypothesis on the role of P2 receptors in the early recruitment of human immune cells to the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Myrtek
- Department of Pneumology, University-Hospital-Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Scrivens M, Dickenson JM. Functional expression of the P2Y14 receptor in human neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 543:166-73. [PMID: 16820147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis have shown that the P2Y(14) receptor is expressed at high levels in human neutrophils. Therefore the primary aim of this study was to determine whether the P2Y(14) receptor is functionally expressed in human neutrophils. In agreement with previous studies RT-PCR analysis detected the expression of P2Y(14) receptor mRNA in human neutrophils. UDP-glucose (IC(50)=1 microM) induced a small but significant inhibition (circa 30%) of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation suggesting functional coupling of endogenously expressed P2Y(14) receptors to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity in human neutrophils. In contrast, the other putative P2Y(14) receptor agonists UDP-galactose and UDP-glucuronic acid (at concentrations up to 100 microM) had no significant effect, whereas 100 microM UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-induced a small but significant inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (20% inhibition). UDP-galactose, UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine behaved as partial agonists by blocking UDP-glucose mediated inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. Treatment of neutrophils with pertussis toxin (G(i/o) blocker) abolished the inhibitory effects of UDP-glucose on forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. UDP-glucose (100 microM) also induced a modest increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, whereas the other sugar nucleotides had no effect on ERK1/2 activation. Finally, UDP-glucose and related sugar nucleotides had no significant effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced elastase release from neutrophils. In summary, although we have shown that the P2Y(14) receptor is functionally expressed in human neutrophils (coupling to inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP and ERK1/2 activation) it does not modulate neutrophil degranulation (assessed by monitoring elastase release). Clearly further studies are required in order to establish the functional role of the P2Y(14) receptor expressed in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Scrivens
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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