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Mattos-Graner RO, Klein MI, Alves LA. The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:138-167. [PMID: 36622855 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Araújo Alves
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University (UNICSUL), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Thomas R, Connolly KJ, Brekk OR, Hinrich AJ, Hastings ML, Isacson O, Hallett PJ. Viral-like TLR3 induction of cytokine networks and α-synuclein are reduced by complement C3 blockade in mouse brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15164. [PMID: 37704739 PMCID: PMC10499893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes and mechanisms are of central importance in neurodegenerative diseases. In the brain, α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) show immune cytokine network activation and increased toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) levels for viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Brain inflammatory reactions caused by TLR3 activation are also relevant to understand pathogenic cascades by viral SARS-CoV-2 infection causing post- COVID-19 brain-related syndromes. In the current study, following regional brain TLR3 activation induced by dsRNA in mice, an acute complement C3 response was seen at 2 days. A C3 splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that promotes the splicing of a non-productive C3 mRNA, prevented downstream cytokines, such as IL-6, and α-synuclein changes. This report is the first demonstration that α-synuclein increases occur downstream of complement C3 activation. Relevant to brain dysfunction, post-COVID-19 syndromes and pathological changes leading to PD and LBD, viral dsRNA TLR3 activation in the presence of C3 complement blockade further revealed significant interactions between complement systems, inflammatory cytokine networks and α-synuclein changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Thomas
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Kyle J Connolly
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Oeystein R Brekk
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Anthony J Hinrich
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Michelle L Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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3
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Escamilla-Rivera V, Santhanakrishnan M, Liu J, Gibb DR, Forsmo JE, Foxman EF, Eisenbarth SC, Luckey CJ, Zimring JC, Hudson KE, Stowell SR, Hendrickson JE. Complement Plays a Critical Role in Inflammation-Induced Immunoprophylaxis Failure in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704072. [PMID: 34249009 PMCID: PMC8270673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement impacts innate and adaptive immunity. Using a model in which the human KEL glycoprotein is expressed on murine red blood cells (RBCs), we have shown that polyclonal immunoprophylaxis (KELIg) prevents alloimmunization to transfused RBCs when a recipient is in their baseline state of heath but with immunoprophylaxis failure occurring in the presence of a viral-like stimulus. As complement can be detected on antibody coated KEL RBCs following transfusion, we hypothesized that recipient complement synergizes with viral-like inflammation to reduce immunoprophylaxis efficacy. Indeed, we found recipient C3 and C1q were critical to immunoprophylaxis failure in the setting of a viral-like stimulus, with no anti-KEL IgG alloantibodies generated in C3-/- or C1q-/- mice following KELIg treatment and KEL RBC transfusion. Differences in RBC uptake were noted in mice lacking C3, with lower consumption by splenic and peripheral blood inflammatory monocytes. Finally, no alloantibodies were detected in the setting of a viral-like stimulus following KELIg treatment and KEL RBC transfusion in mice lacking complement receptors (CR1/2-/-), narrowing key cells for immunoprophylaxis failure to those expressing these complement receptors. In-vitro studies showed complement fixed opsonized RBCs were significantly less likely to bind to B-cells from CR1/2-/- than wild type mice, potentially implicating lowered B-cell activation threshold in the presence of complement as being responsible for these findings. We thus propose a two-hit model for inflammation-induced immunoprophylaxis failure, where the first “hit” is recipient inflammation and the second “hit” is complement production/sensing. These results may have translational relevance to antigen-antibody interactions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Escamilla-Rivera
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Manjula Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David R Gibb
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James E Forsmo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - C John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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4
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Toll-like Receptor 2 Facilitates Oxidative Damage-Induced Retinal Degeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2209-2224.e5. [PMID: 32075760 PMCID: PMC7179253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a form of neurodegenerative disease and is the leading cause of vision loss globally. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are primary components of the innate immune system involved in signal transduction. Here we show that TLR2 induces complement factors C3 and CFB, the common and rate-limiting factors of the alternative pathway in both retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Neutralization of TLR2 reduces opsonizing fragments of C3 in the outer retina and protects photoreceptor neurons from oxidative stress-induced degeneration. TLR2 deficiency also preserves tight junction expression and promotes RPE resistance to fragmentation. Finally, oxidative stress-induced formation of the terminal complement membrane attack complex and Iba1+ cell infiltration are strikingly inhibited in the TLR2-deficient retina. Our data directly implicate TLR2 as a mediator of retinal degeneration in response to oxidative stress and present TLR2 as a bridge between oxidative damage and complement-mediated retinal pathology. Oxidative stress and complement deposition are common to many retinal degenerative diseases. Mulfaul et al. demonstrate that TLR2 blockade protects against photoreceptor neuronal cell death and RPE fragmentation in experimental models of oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration and present TLR2 as a bridge between oxidative damage and complement-mediated retinal pathology.
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5
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Escamilla-Rivera V, Liu J, Gibb DR, Santhanakrishnan M, Liu D, Forsmo JE, Eisenbarth SC, Foxman EF, Stowell SR, Luckey CJ, Zimring JC, Hudson KE, Hendrickson JE. Poly(I:C) causes failure of immunoprophylaxis to red blood cells expressing the KEL glycoprotein in mice. Blood 2020; 135:1983-1993. [PMID: 32266378 PMCID: PMC7256361 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal anti-D (Rh immune globulin [RhIg]) therapy has mitigated hemolytic disease of the newborn over the past half century, although breakthrough anti-D alloimmunization still occurs in some treated females. We hypothesized that antiviral responses may impact the efficacy of immunoprophylaxis therapy in a type 1 interferon (IFN)-dependent manner and tested this hypothesis in a murine model of KEL alloimmunization. Polyclonal anti-KEL immunoprophylaxis (KELIg) was administered to wild-type or knockout mice in the presence or absence of polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly[I:C]), followed by the transfusion of murine red blood cells (RBCs) expressing the human KEL glycoprotein. Anti-KEL alloimmunization, serum cytokines, and consumption of the transfused RBCs were evaluated longitudinally. In some experiments, recipients were treated with type 1 IFN (IFN-α/β). Recipient treatment with poly(I:C) led to breakthrough anti-KEL alloimmunization despite KELIg administration. Recipient CD4+ T cells were not required for immunoprophylaxis efficacy at baseline, and modulation of the KEL glycoprotein antigen occurred to the same extent in the presence or absence of recipient inflammation. Under conditions where breakthrough anti-KEL alloimmunization occurred, KEL RBC consumption by inflammatory monocytes and serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 were significantly increased. Poly(I:C) or type I IFN administration was sufficient to cause breakthrough alloimmunization, with poly(I:C) inducing alloimmunization even in the absence of recipient type I IFN receptors. A better understanding of how recipient antiviral responses lead to breakthrough alloimmunization despite immunoprophylaxis may have translational relevance to instances of RhIg failure that occur in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David R Gibb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - James E Forsmo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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6
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Zhu Y, Yao J, Duan Y, Xu H, Cheng Q, Gao X, Li S, Yang F, Liu H, Yuan J. Protein Expression Profile in Rat Silicosis Model Reveals Upregulation of PTPN2 and Its Inhibitory Effect on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Dephosphorylation of STAT3. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041189. [PMID: 32054021 PMCID: PMC7072761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a chronic occupational lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of crystalline silica particulates. We created a rat model that closely approximates the exposure and development of silicosis in humans. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technologies we used to identify proteins differentially expressed in activated rat lung tissue. We constructed three lentiviral knockdown vectors and an overexpression vector for the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene to achieve stable long-term expression. A total of 471 proteins were differentially expressed in the silicosis group compared with controls. Twenty upregulated, and eight downregulated proteins exhibited a ≥1.5-fold change relative to controls. We next found that the PTPN2, Factor B, and VRK1 concentrations in silicotic rats silicosis and SiO2-stimulated MLE-12 cells were significantly higher than control groups. More importantly, we found that overexpression of PTPN2 simultaneously decreased the expression of phospho–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and Vimentin, while increasing E-cadherin expression. The opposite pattern was observed for PTPN2-gene silencing. We identified three proteins with substantially enhanced expression in silicosis. Our study also showed that PTPN2 can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition by dephosphorylating STAT3 in silicosis fibrosis.
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7
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Shahini N, Ueland T, Auensen A, Michelsen AE, Ludviksen JK, Hussain AI, Pettersen KI, Aakhus S, Espeland T, Lunde IG, Kirschfink M, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Louwe MC. Increased Complement Factor B and Bb Levels Are Associated with Mortality in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1973-1980. [PMID: 31492744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in initiation and progression of aortic stenosis (AS). However, the role of the complement system, a crucial component of innate immunity in AS, is unclear. We hypothesized that circulating levels of complement factor B (FB), an important component of the alternative pathway, are upregulated and could predict outcome in patients with severe symptomatic AS. Therefore, plasma levels of FB, Bb, and terminal complement complex were analyzed in three cohorts of patients with severe symptomatic AS and mild-to-moderate or severe asymptomatic AS (population 1, n = 123; population 2, n = 436; population 3, n = 61) and in healthy controls by enzyme immunoassays. Compared with controls, symptomatic AS patients had significantly elevated levels of FB (2.9- and 2.8-fold increase in population 1 and 2, respectively). FB levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic AS patients were comparable (population 2 and 3), and in asymptomatic patients FB correlated inversely with valve area. FB levels in population 1 and 2 correlated with terminal complement complex levels and measures of systemic inflammation (i.e., CRP), cardiac function (i.e., NT-proBNP), and cardiac necrosis (i.e., Troponin T). High FB levels were significantly associated with mortality also after adjusting for clinical and biochemical covariates (hazard ratio 1.37; p = 0.028, population 2). Plasma levels of the Bb fragment showed a similar pattern in relation to mortality. We concluded that elevated levels of FB and Bb are associated with adverse outcome in patients with symptomatic AS. Increased levels of FB in asymptomatic patients suggest the involvement of FB from the early phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Shahini
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Auensen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Amjad I Hussain
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjell I Pettersen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torvald Espeland
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Kirschfink
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg; 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per H Nilsson
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Linnaeus Center for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 45027 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, 8005 Bodø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mieke C Louwe
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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8
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Hajishengallis G, Kajikawa T, Hajishengallis E, Maekawa T, Reis ES, Mastellos DC, Yancopoulou D, Hasturk H, Lambris JD. Complement-Dependent Mechanisms and Interventions in Periodontal Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 30915073 PMCID: PMC6422998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Current therapies are not effective for all patients and this oral disease continues to be a significant public health and economic burden. Central to periodontal disease pathogenesis is a reciprocally reinforced interplay between microbial dysbiosis and destructive inflammation, suggesting the potential relevance of host-modulation therapies. This review summarizes and discusses clinical observations and pre-clinical intervention studies that collectively suggest that complement is hyperactivated in periodontitis and that its inhibition provides a therapeutic benefit. Specifically, interception of the complement cascade at its central component, C3, using a locally administered small peptidic compound (Cp40/AMY-101) protected non-human primates from induced or naturally occurring periodontitis. These studies indicate that C3-targeted intervention merits investigation as an adjunctive treatment of periodontal disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tetsuhiro Kajikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evlambia Hajishengallis
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dimitrios C Mastellos
- Division of Biodiagnostic Sciences and Technologies, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | | | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Bostanci N, Bao K, Li X, Maekawa T, Grossmann J, Panse C, Briones RA, Resuello RRG, Tuplano JV, Garcia CAG, Reis ES, Lambris JD, Hajishengallis G. Gingival Exudatome Dynamics Implicate Inhibition of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Protective Action of the C3 Inhibitor Cp40 in Nonhuman Primate Periodontitis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3153-3175. [PMID: 30111112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysbiosis. Although complement inhibition has been successfully used to treat periodontitis in animal models, studies globally analyzing inflamed tissue proteins to glean insight into possible mechanisms of action are missing. Using quantitative shotgun proteomics, we aimed to investigate differences in composition of inflammatory gingival tissue exudate ("gingival crevicular fluid"; GCF), before and after local administration of an inhibitor of the central complement component, C3, in nonhuman primates. The C3 inhibitor, Cp40 (also known as AMY-101) was administered locally in the maxillary gingival tissue of cynomolgus monkeys with established periodontitis, either once a week (1×-treatment; n = 5 animals) or three times per week (3×-treatment; n = 10 animals), for 6 weeks followed by another 6 weeks of observation in the absence of treatment. 45 GCF samples were processed for FASP digestion and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Data were processed using the ProgenesisQI software. The statistical significance of differences between the groups was determined by RM-ANOVA, and a protein expression change was considered as a true regulation at >2-fold and p < 0.05. The human orthologues were subjected to Gene Ontology analyses using PANTHER. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009502. 573 proteins with >2 peptides were longitudinally quantified. Both 3× and 1× administration of Cp40 resulted in significant down-regulation of dozens of proteins during the 6-week course of treatment as compared to baseline. Following drug withdrawal at 6 weeks, more than 50% of the down-regulated proteins showed increased levels at week 12. The top scored pathway was "complement activation, alternative pathway", and several proteins involved in this pathway were down-regulated at 6 weeks. We mapped the proteomic fingerprint changes in local tissue exudate of cynomolgus monkey periodontitis in response to C3 inhibition and identified the alternative pathway of complement activation and leukocyte degranulation as main targets, which are thus likely to play significant roles in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Label-free quantitative proteomics strategies utilizing GCF are powerful tools for the identification of treatment targets and providing insights into disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich , University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8006 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Christian Panse
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich , University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8006 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ruel A Briones
- Manila Central University , College of Dentistry , Caloocan City , 1400 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Ranillo R G Resuello
- Simian Conservation Breeding and Research Center (SICONBREC) , Makati City , 1213 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Joel V Tuplano
- Simian Conservation Breeding and Research Center (SICONBREC) , Makati City , 1213 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Cristina A G Garcia
- Manila Central University , College of Dentistry , Caloocan City , 1400 Metro Manila , Philippines
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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10
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Zhang C, Yu Y, Yu JF, Li BD, Zhou CF, Yang XD, Wang X, Wu C, Shen T, Zhu QX. Viral mimic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid potentiates liver injury in trichloroethylene-sensitized mice - Viral-chemical interaction as a novel mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 155:101-108. [PMID: 29510304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Occupational trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure can induce hypersensitivity dermatitis and severe liver injury. Recently, several clinical investigations indicate that viral infection, such as human herpesvirus-6, is associated with hepatic dysfunction in patients with TCE-related generalized skin disorders. However, whether viral infection potentiates TCE-induced liver injury remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the contribution of viral infection to the development of TCE-sensitization-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four groups: solvent control group (n = 20), TCE group (n = 80), poly(I:C) group (n = 20) and combination of TCE and poly(I:C) (poly(I:C)+TCE) group (n = 80). Poly(I:C) (50 μg) was i.p. administrated. TCE and poly(I:C)+TCE groups were further divided into sensitization and non-sensitization subgroup. Complement 3 and C3a protein levels, and complement factors were measured. Combination treatment significantly enhanced TCE-induced liver injury, decreased complement 3, but increased C3a in serum and liver tissues in sensitization group. These changes were not correlated with the hepatic complement 3 transcription. Moreover, combination treatment specifically promoted complement factor B, but not factor D and factor H expressions. These data provide first evidence that poly(I:C) potentiates liver injury in BALB/c mouse model of TCE-sensitization. Upregulated C3a and factor B contributes to the poly(I:C) action in TCE-induced liver injury. This new mode of action may explain increased risk of chemical-sensitization induced tissue damage by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 118 Henan Road, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bo-Dong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Fan Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Tong Shen
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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11
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Dengue Virus Induces Increased Activity of the Complement Alternative Pathway in Infected Cells. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00633-18. [PMID: 29743365 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00633-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is associated with overactivity of the complement alternative pathway (AP) in patient studies. Here, the molecular changes in components of the AP during DENV infection in vitro were investigated. mRNA for factor H (FH), a major negative regulator of the AP, was significantly increased in DENV-infected endothelial cells (EC) and macrophages, but, in contrast, production of extracellular FH protein was not. This discord was not seen for the AP activator factor B (FB), with DENV induction of both FB mRNA and protein, nor was it seen with Toll-like receptor 3 or 4 stimulation of EC and macrophages, which induces both FH and FB mRNA and protein. Surface-bound and intracellular FH protein was, however, induced by DENV, but only in DENV antigen-positive cells, while in two other DENV-susceptible immortalized cell lines (ARPE-19 and human retinal endothelial cells), FH protein was induced both intracellularly and extracellularly by DENV infection. Regardless of the cell type, there was an imbalance in AP components and an increase in markers of complement AP activity associated with DENV-infected cells, with lower FH relative to FB protein, an increased ability to promote AP-mediated lytic activity, and increased deposition of complement component C3b on the surface of DENV-infected cells. For EC in particular, these changes are predicted to result in higher complement activity in the local cellular microenvironment, with the potential to induce functional changes that may result in increased vascular permeability, a hallmark of dengue disease.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) is a significant human viral pathogen with a global medical and economic impact. DENV may cause serious and life-threatening disease, with increased vascular permeability and plasma leakage. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these features remain unclear; however, overactivity of the complement alternative pathway has been suggested to play a role. In this study, we investigate the molecular events that may be responsible for this observed alternative pathway overactivity and provide novel findings of changes in the complement system in response to DENV infection in primary cell types that are a major target for DENV infection (macrophages) and pathogenesis (endothelial cells) in vivo Our results suggest a new dimension of cellular events that may influence endothelial cell barrier function during DENV infection that could expand strategies for developing therapeutics to prevent or control DENV-mediated vascular disease.
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12
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Berraondo P, Minute L, Ajona D, Corrales L, Melero I, Pio R. Innate immune mediators in cancer: between defense and resistance. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:290-306. [PMID: 27782320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing antitumor adaptive immune responses. Thus, understanding the dual role of the innate system in cancer immunology is required for the design of combined immunotherapy strategies able to tackle established tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of cell populations and soluble components of the innate immune system in cancer, with a focus on complement, the adapter molecule Stimulator of Interferon Genes, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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13
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Hajishengallis G, Lambris JD. More than complementing Tolls: complement-Toll-like receptor synergy and crosstalk in innate immunity and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:233-244. [PMID: 27782328 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the host immune response and are swiftly activated by infection or other types of immunological stress. This review focuses on the capacity of complement and TLRs to engage in signaling crosstalk, ostensibly to coordinate immune and inflammatory responses through synergistic or antagonistic (regulatory) interactions. However, overactivation or dysregulation of either system may lead-often synergistically-to exaggerated inflammation and host tissue injury. Intriguingly, moreover, certain pathogens can manipulate complement-TLR crosstalk pathways in ways that undermine host immunity and favor their persistence. In the setting of polymicrobial inflammatory disease, subversion of complement-TLR crosstalk by keystone pathogens can promote dysbiosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying complement-TLR crosstalk pathways can, therefore, be used productively for tailored therapeutic approaches, such as, to enhance host immunity, mitigate destructive inflammation, or counteract microbial subversion of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John D Lambris
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Zanuzzo FS, Sabioni RE, Montoya LNF, Favero G, Urbinati EC. Aloe vera enhances the innate immune response of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) after transport stress and combined heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:198-205. [PMID: 28433715 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were fed with diets containing Aloe vera for 10 days prior to transport stress and infection with heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila. A. vera is popular around the world due to its medicinal properties, including immunostimulatory effects which was observed in this study. The results show that transport causes immunosuppression, an effect that was prevented by A. vera. Specifically, A. vera prevented reductions of both leukocyte respiratory burst and hemolytic activity of complement system caused by transport. Further, fish fed with A. vera also showed significantly higher leukocyte respiratory burst, serum lysozyme concentrations and activity of complement system 24 h after bacterial infection. Additionally, we observed that A. vera may modulate the innate response through activation of complement system during bacterial immune stimulation. In summary, A. vera extract enhanced innate immune parameters and consequently the ability of fish to cope with pathogens following transport stress. These findings show that A. vera has promise for use in aquaculture and add further evidence that medicinal herbs added to fish feed assist to prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio S Zanuzzo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael E Sabioni
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luz Natalia F Montoya
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Favero
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth C Urbinati
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Complement Factor B Production in Renal Tubular Cells and Its Role in Sodium Transporter Expression During Polymicrobial Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e289-99. [PMID: 26757165 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptors and complement are two components of the innate immunity. Complement factor B is essential for the alternative pathway of complement activation. We have recently reported that complement factor B is significantly up-regulated in the kidney and may contribute to acute tubular injury in an animal model of sepsis. This study investigates the mechanisms responsible for the complement factor B up-regulation and its role in sodium transporter expression in tubular cells during sepsis. DESIGN Animal study. SETTING Laboratory investigation. SUBJECTS C57BL/6 J wild-type, complement factor B(-/-), and Nfkb1(tm1Bal) p50(-/-) mice. INTERVENTIONS Human proximal tubular cells and mouse tubular epithelial cells were stimulated with Toll-like receptor agonists. Bay 11-7082 was used to block nuclear factor-κB pathway. Alternative pathway activation was detected by C3 zymosan deposition. Polymicrobial sepsis was created by cecal ligation and puncture. Sodium transporter gene expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The agonists for Toll-like receptor 4 (lipopolysaccharide) or Toll-like receptor 3 (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) induced a marked increase in complement factor B expression in human proximal tubular cells and mouse tubular epithelial cells both at gene and protein levels. The Toll-like receptor 1/2 agonist, Pam3cys, induced complement factor B production only in human proximal tubular cells, not in mouse tubular epithelial cells. The Toll-like receptor 9 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides failed to induce complement factor B production either in human proximal tubular cells or in mouse tubular epithelial cells. Lipopolysaccharide/polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced complement factor B up-regulation was blocked by Bay 11-7082, a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB signaling, and in mouse tubular epithelial cells deficient in p50 subunit of nuclear factor-κB. Media from the lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse tubular epithelial cell cultures contained de novo synthesized complement factor B and led to functional alternative pathway activation. In a cecal ligation and puncture model, wild-type septic mice had down-regulated expression of sodium transporters in the kidney compared with the sham. In comparison, complement factor B mice or mice treated with anti-complement factor B displayed preserved levels of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase-α1 following sepsis. CONCLUSIONS 1) Toll-like receptor 3/4 activation is sufficient to induce complement factor B production via nuclear factor-κB pathway and to enhance alternative pathway activation in the kidney tubular epithelial cells. 2) Complement factor B may contribute to the down-regulation of certain sodium transporter expression during sepsis.
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16
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Zou L, Feng Y, Xu G, Jian W, Chao W. Splenic RNA and MicroRNA Mimics Promote Complement Factor B Production and Alternative Pathway Activation via Innate Immune Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2788-98. [PMID: 26889043 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor B (cfB) is an essential component of the alternative pathway (AP) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial sepsis. However, the mechanism leading to cfB production and AP activation during sepsis remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that plasma cell-free RNA was significantly increased following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), an animal model of polymicrobial sepsis, and was closely associated with sepsis severity. Quantitative RT-PCR and microRNA (miRNA) array analysis revealed an increase in bacterial RNA and multiple host miRNAs (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-210) in the blood following CLP. Treatment with tissue RNA or synthetic miRNA mimics (miR-145, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-34a) induced a marked increase in cfB production in cardiomyocytes or macrophages. The newly synthesized cfB released into medium was biologically active because it participated in AP activation initiated by cobra venom factor. Genetic deletion of TLR7 or MyD88, but not TLR3, and inhibition of the MAPKs (JNK and p38) or NF-κB abolished miR-146a-induced cfB production. In vivo, CLP led to a significant increase in splenic cfB expression that correlated with the plasma RNA or miRNA levels. Peritoneal injection of RNA or miR-146a led to an increase in cfB expression in the peritoneal space that was attenuated in MyD88-knockout or TLR7-knockout mice, respectively. These findings demonstrate that host cellular RNA and specific miRNAs are released into the circulation during polymicrobial sepsis and may function as extracellular mediators capable of promoting cfB production and AP activation through specific TLR7 and MyD88 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ganqiong Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Wenling Jian
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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17
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Moghimi SM, Trippler KC, Simberg D. The Art of Complement: Complement Sensing of Nanoparticles and Consequences. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3634-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Huber-Lang M, Barratt-Due A, Pischke SE, Sandanger Ø, Nilsson PH, Nunn MA, Denk S, Gaus W, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Double blockade of CD14 and complement C5 abolishes the cytokine storm and improves morbidity and survival in polymicrobial sepsis in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5324-31. [PMID: 24790148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock, caused by an excessive systemic host-inflammatory response, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The complement system and TLRs provide important pattern recognition receptors initiating the cytokine storm by extensive cross-talk. We hypothesized that double blockade of complement C5 and the TLR coreceptor CD14 could improve survival of experimental polymicrobial sepsis. Mice undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were treated with neutralizing anti-CD14 Ab biG 53, complement C5 inhibitor coversin (Ornithodoros moubata C inhibitor), or a combination thereof. The inflammatory study (24-h observation) revealed statistically significant increases in 22 of 24 measured plasma biomarkers in the untreated CLP group, comprising 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and 8 chemokines, growth factors, and granulocyte activation markers. Single CD14 or C5 blockade significantly inhibited 20 and 19 of the 22 biomarkers, respectively. Combined CD14 and C5 inhibition significantly reduced all 22 biomarkers (mean reduction 85%; range 54-95%) compared with the untreated CLP group. Double blockade was more potent than single treatment and was required to significantly inhibit IL-6 and CXCL1. Combined inhibition significantly reduced morbidity (motility and eyelid movement) and mortality measured over 10 d. In the positive control CLP group, median survival was 36 h (range 24-48 h). Combined treatment increased median survival to 96 h (range 24-240 h) (p = 0.001), whereas survival in the single-treatment groups was not significantly increased (median and range for anti-CD14 and anti-C5 treatment were 36 h [24-48 h] and 48 h [24-96 h]). Combined with standard intervention therapy, specific blockade of CD14 and C5 might represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for treatment of polymicrobial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Traumatology, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0027, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0027, Norway
| | - Søren E Pischke
- The Interventional Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0027, Norway; Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0027, Norway
| | - Øystein Sandanger
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo N-0027, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0027, Norway
| | - Miles A Nunn
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Denk
- Department of Traumatology, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Gaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Ulm, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0027, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Norway; and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø 9019, Norway
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19
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Zou L, Feng Y, Li Y, Zhang M, Chen C, Cai J, Gong Y, Wang L, Thurman JM, Wu X, Atkinson JP, Chao W. Complement factor B is the downstream effector of TLRs and plays an important role in a mouse model of severe sepsis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:5625-35. [PMID: 24154627 PMCID: PMC3906719 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis involves massive activation of the innate immune system and leads to high mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that various types of TLRs mediate a systemic inflammatory response and contribute to organ injury and mortality in animal models of severe sepsis. However, the downstream mechanisms responsible for TLR-mediated septic injury are poorly understood. In this article, we show that activation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 markedly enhanced complement factor B (cfB) synthesis and release by macrophages and cardiac cells. Polymicrobial sepsis, created by cecal ligation and puncture in a mouse model, augmented cfB levels in the serum, peritoneal cavity, and major organs including the kidney and heart. Cecal ligation and puncture also led to the alternative pathway activation, C3 fragment deposition in the kidney and heart, and cfB-dependent C3dg elevation. Bacteria isolated from septic mice activated the serum alternative pathway via a factor D-dependent manner. MyD88 deletion attenuated cfB/C3 upregulation as well as cleavage induced by polymicrobial infection. Importantly, during sepsis, absence of cfB conferred a protective effect with improved survival and cardiac function and markedly attenuated acute kidney injury. cfB deletion also led to increased neutrophil migratory function during the early phase of sepsis, decreased local and systemic bacterial load, attenuated cytokine production, and reduced neutrophil reactive oxygen species production. Together, our data indicate that cfB acts as a downstream effector of TLR signaling and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zou
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiayan Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Larry Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joshua M. Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Wei Chao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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20
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Kim S, Kim SY, Pribis JP, Lotze M, Mollen KP, Shapiro R, Loughran P, Scott MJ, Billiar TR. Signaling of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) through toll-like receptor 4 in macrophages requires CD14. Mol Med 2013; 19:88-98. [PMID: 23508573 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding protein that possesses cytokinelike, proinflammatory properties when released extracellularly in the C23-C45 disulfide form. HMGB1 also plays a key role as a mediator of acute and chronic inflammation in models of sterile injury. Although HMGB1 interacts with multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), many of its effects in injury models occur through an interaction with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). HMGB1 interacts directly with the TLR4/myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) complex, although the nature of this interaction remains unclear. We demonstrate that optimal HMGB1-dependent TLR4 activation in vitro requires the coreceptor CD14. TLR4 and MD2 are recruited into CD14-containing lipid rafts of RAW264.7 macrophages after stimulation with HMGB1, and TLR4 interacts closely with the lipid raft protein GM1. Furthermore, we show that HMGB1 stimulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release in WT but not in TLR4(-/-), CD14(-/-), TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)(-/-) or myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)(-/-) macrophages. HMGB1 induces the release of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α) in a TLR4- and CD14-dependent manner. Thus, efficient recognition of HMGB1 by the TLR4/MD2 complex requires CD14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodam Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Kaczorowski DJ, Scott MJ, Pibris JP, Afrazi A, Nakao A, Edmonds RD, Kim S, Kwak JH, Liu Y, Fan J, Billiar TR. Mammalian DNA is an endogenous danger signal that stimulates local synthesis and release of complement factor B. Mol Med 2012; 18:851-60. [PMID: 22526919 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement factor B plays a critical role in ischemic tissue injury and autoimmunity. Factor B is dynamically synthesized and released by cells outside of the liver, but the molecules that trigger local factor B synthesis and release during endogenous tissue injury have not been identified. We determined that factor B is upregulated early after cold ischemia-reperfusion in mice, using a heterotopic heart transplant model. These data suggested upregulation of factor B by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but multiple common DAMPs did not induce factor B in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. However, exogenous DNA induced factor B mRNA and protein expression in RAW cells in vitro, as well as in peritoneal and alveolar macrophages in vivo. To determine the cellular mechanisms involved in DNA-induced factor B upregulation we then investigated the role of multiple known DNA receptors or binding partners. We stimulated peritoneal macrophages from wild-type (WT), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-deficient, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)⁻/⁻ and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)⁻/⁻ mice, or mouse macrophages deficient in high-mobility group box proteins (HMGBs), DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors (DAI) or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), with DNA in the presence or absence of lipofection reagent. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis were employed for analysis. Synthesis of factor B was independent of TLR9, RAGE, DAI and AIM2, but was dependent on HMGBs, MyD88, p38 and NF-κB. Our data therefore show that mammalian DNA is an endogenous molecule that stimulates factor B synthesis and release from macrophages via HMGBs, MyD88, p38 and NF-κB signaling. This activation of the immune system likely contributes to damage following sterile injury such as hemorrhagic shock and ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kaczorowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Denk S, Perl M, Huber-Lang M. Damage- and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns and Alarmins: Keys to Sepsis? Eur Surg Res 2012; 48:171-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000338194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Song
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Essential role of factor B of the alternative complement pathway in complement activation and opsonophagocytosis during acute pneumococcal otitis media in mice. Infect Immun 2011; 79:2578-85. [PMID: 21502587 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00168-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the complement system plays a pivotal role in innate immune defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae during acute otitis media (OM) in mice. The current study was designed to determine which of the complement pathways are activated during acute pneumococcal OM and whether components of complement are expressed in the middle ear epithelium. Gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence staining. We found that S. pneumoniae induced increased gene expression of factor B of the alternative complement pathway and C3 in mouse middle ear epithelium. Activation of factor B and C3 in the middle ear lavage fluids was significantly greater than in simultaneously obtained serum samples as determined by Western blotting. Using mice deficient in complement C1qa, factor B, and factor B/C2, we found that complement C3 activation and opsonophagocytosis of S. pneumoniae were greatly attenuated in factor B- and factor B/C2-deficient mice. These findings support the concept that local complement activation is an important host innate immune response and that activation of the alternative complement pathway represents one of the innate immune defense mechanisms against pneumococcal infection during the early stage of acute OM.
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Prakash A, Hellman J. Editorial: Pattern recognition receptors and factor B: "complement"ary pathways converge. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:605-7. [PMID: 20884653 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0510275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ricklin D, Hajishengallis G, Yang K, Lambris JD. Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:785-97. [PMID: 20720586 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2565] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a century after the significance of the human complement system was recognized, we have come to realize that its functions extend far beyond the elimination of microbes. Complement acts as a rapid and efficient immune surveillance system that has distinct effects on healthy and altered host cells and foreign intruders. By eliminating cellular debris and infectious microbes, orchestrating immune responses and sending 'danger' signals, complement contributes substantially to homeostasis, but it can also take action against healthy cells if not properly controlled. This review describes our updated view of the function, structure and dynamics of the complement network, highlights its interconnection with immunity at large and with other endogenous pathways, and illustrates its multiple roles in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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