1
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Luo R, Chang D, Zhang N, Cheng Y, Ge S, Xu G. T Follicular Helper Cells in Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Contribute to Renal Fibrosis by IL-21. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12535. [PMID: 37628716 PMCID: PMC10454845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) represents lymphocyte clusters in non-lymphoid organs. The formation and maintenance of TLS are dependent on follicular helper T (TFH) cells. However, the role of TFH cells during renal TLS formation and the renal fibrotic process has not been comprehensively elucidated in chronic kidney disease. Here, we detected the circulating TFH cells from 57 IgAN patients and found that the frequency of TFH cells was increased in IgA nephropathy patients with renal TLS and also increased in renal tissues from the ischemic-reperfusion-injury (IRI)-induced TLS model. The inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is one of the surface marker molecules of TFH. Remarkably, the application of an ICOS-neutralizing antibody effectively prevented the upregulation of TFH cells and expression of its canonical functional mediator IL-21, and also reduced renal TLS formation and renal fibrosis in IRI mice in vivo. In the study of this mechanism, we found that recombinant IL-21 could directly promote renal fibrosis and the expression of p65. Furthermore, BAY 11-7085, a p65 selective inhibitor, could effectively alleviate the profibrotic effect induced by IL-21 stimulation. Our results together suggested that TFH cells contribute to TLS formation and renal fibrosis by IL-21. Targeting the ICOS-signaling pathway network could reduce TFH cell infiltration and alleviate renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuwang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.L.)
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (R.L.)
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2
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Yamada H. The Search for the Pathogenic T Cells in the Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Which T-Cell Subset Drives Autoimmune Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086930. [PMID: 37108093 PMCID: PMC10138952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting systemic synovial tissues, leading to the destruction of multiple joints. Its etiology is still unknown, but T-cell-mediated autoimmunity has been thought to play critical roles, which is supported by experimental as well as clinical observations. Therefore, efforts have been made to elucidate the functions and antigen specificity of pathogenic autoreactive T cells, which could be a therapeutic target for disease treatment. Historically, T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells are hypothesized to be pathogenic T cells in RA joints; however, lines of evidence do not fully support this hypothesis, showing polyfunctionality of the T cells. Recent progress in single-cell analysis technology has led to the discovery of a novel helper T-cell subset, peripheral helper T cells, and attracted attention to the previously unappreciated T-cell subsets, such as cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells, in RA joints. It also enables a comprehensive view of T-cell clonality and function. Furthermore, the antigen specificity of the expanded T-cell clones can be determined. Despite such progress, which T-cell subset drives inflammation is yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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3
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Meng Q, Wen Z, Meng W, Bian H, Gu H, Zuo R, Zhan J, Wang H, Miao X, Fan W, Zhou Z, Zheng F, Wang L, Su X, Ma J. Blimp1 suppressed CD4 + T cells-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes by upregulating IL-10 via the rho pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:146-158. [PMID: 36181686 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) is a risk allele for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its functional mechanism in RA remains to be further explored. METHODS Flow cytometry was performed to detect CD4+ T cell differentiation. ELISA was used to measure inflammatory factor secretion. Lentivirus mediated Blimp1 overexpression vector (LV-Blimp1) or short hairpin RNA (sh-Blimp1) were used to infect CD4+ T cells stimulated by anti-CD28 and anti-CD3 mAbs. RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells or T cell conditioned medium (CD4CM), and cell proliferation, invasion, and expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in FLSs were evaluated. Mice were injected intradermally with type II collagen to establish a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, and the severity of CIA was evaluated with H&E and Safranin-O staining. RESULTS Blimp1 knockdown increased pro-inflammatory factor secretion, but downregulated IL-10 concentration in activated CD4+ T cells. Blimp1 overexpression promoted regulatory T cells (Treg) CD4+ T cell differentiation and hindered T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) CD4+ T cell differentiation. Blimp1 overexpression suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules in CD4+ T cells by upregulating IL-10. Moreover, Blimp1 overexpression impeded the enhanced effect of CD4+ T cells/CD4CM on cell adhesion, inflammation, proliferation, invasion and RhoA and Rac1 activities in FLSs by upregulating IL-10. Additionally, administration with LV-Blimp1 alleviated the severity of CIA. CONCLUSION Blimp1 restrained CD4+ T cells-induced activation of FLSs by promoting the secretion of IL-10 in CD4+ T cells via the Rho signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhike Wen
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanting Meng
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Zhang Zhongjing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Huimin Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiting Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junping Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huilian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiyun Miao
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuzeng Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfu Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Calcium complexes of oxicams: new dimensions in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1771-1788. [PMID: 36519430 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metals have been complexed with drugs to improve their cellular impact. Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) and prostaglandins with decreased levels of vitamin D and calcium. The inflammation can be suppressed through targeting the formation of PICs or related enzymes by various treatment strategies that involve the use of corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and NSAIDs. We present a detailed review on the impact of calcium complexes of oxicams as an advanced treatment strategy for RA. The calcium complexes demonstrate promising capabilities to cure the disease, improve the strength of bones and suppress PICs in RA.
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Sun Y, Liu J, Wen J, Huang D, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Ding X, Chen X. Overexpression of long noncoding RNA LINC00638 inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e663. [PMID: 35759235 PMCID: PMC9208282 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we intended to explore the expression of lncRNA LINC00638 in RA and its potential mechanism of action related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods The level of LINC00638 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 45 RA patients and 30 normal controls was analyzed and its correlation with clinical indicators was investigated. In vitro, we used tumor necrosis factor‐α to stimulate fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients for cell based experiments. Subsequently, the overexpressed plasmid and small interfering RNA of LINC00638 were designed. Furthermore, we further analyzed the potential effects of LINC00638 on the proliferation and migration of RA‐FLS and the nuclear factor erythrocyte derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) pathway. Results LINC00638 expression was found to be significantly decreased in PBMCs of RA patients, and it was negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin (IL)‐17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disease activity scores for 28 joints (DAS28). Overexpression of LINC00638 activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, markedly decreased the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐23, ROS, as well as malondialdehyde, increased the total antioxidant capacity, and attenuated the proliferation and migration of RA‐FLS, while silencing of LINC00638 reversed these manifestations. Conclusions LINC00638 was found to be expressed at low levels in RA patients and was associated with immune inflammation, oxidative stress, and disease activity. Overexpression of LINC00638 can reduce the proliferation as well as migration of RA‐FLS, and activate the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sun
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianting Wen
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianheng Zhang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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6
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Tu J, Huang W, Zhang W, Mei J, Zhu C. Two Main Cellular Components in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Communication Between T Cells and Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in the Joint Synovium. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922111. [PMID: 35844494 PMCID: PMC9284267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that endangers the health of approximately 1% of the global population. Current RA medications on the market mainly include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, biological agents, and disease-modifying drugs. These drugs aim to inhibit the overactivated immune response or inflammation of RA, but they cannot cure RA. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of RA will provide a new understanding to search for RA targets and for drug development. The infiltration of T cells and hyper-proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovium of patients with RA are significantly upregulated. Furthermore, the abnormal activation of these two types of cells has been confirmed to promote development of the course of A by many studies. This article systematically summarizes the interactions between T cells and FLS in RA synovial tissues, including one-way/mutual regulation and direct/indirect regulation between the two. It further aims to investigate the pathogenesis of RA from the perspective of mutual regulation between T cells and FLS and to provide new insights into RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Departments of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiawei Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhu,
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7
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Nooreen R, Nene S, Jain H, Prasannanjaneyulu V, Chitlangya P, Otavi S, Khatri DK, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Polymer nanotherapeutics: A versatile platform for effective rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 348:397-419. [PMID: 35660632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an aggressive and severely debilitating disorder that is characterized by joint pain and cartilage damage. It restricts mobility in patients, leaving them unable to carry out simple tasks. RA presents itself with severe lasting pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints and may cause permanent disability in patients. Treatment regimens currently employed for rheumatoid arthritis revolve around keeping clinical symptoms like joint pain, inflammation, swelling and stiffness at bay. The current therapeutic interventions in rheumatoid arthritis involve the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and newer biological drugs that are engineered for inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. These conventional drugs are plagued with severe adverse effects because of their higher systemic distribution, lack of specificity and higher doses. Oral, intra-articular, and intravenous routes are routinely used for drug delivery which is associated with decreased patient compliance, high cost, poor bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance. All these drawbacks have enticed researchers to create novel strategies for drug delivery, the main approach being nanocarrier-based systems. In this article, we aim to consolidate the remarkable contributions of polymeric carrier systems including microneedle technology and smart trigger-responsive polymeric carriers in the management of rheumatoid arthritis along with its detailed pathophysiology. This review also briefly describes the safety and regulatory aspects of polymer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Nooreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shweta Nene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Harsha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Velpula Prasannanjaneyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Palak Chitlangya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shivam Otavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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8
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Importance of lymphocyte-stromal cell interactions in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:550-564. [PMID: 34345021 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between lymphocytes and stromal cells have an important role in immune cell development and responses. During inflammation, stromal cells contribute to inflammation, from induction to chronicity or resolution, through direct cell interactions and through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Stromal cells are imprinted with tissue-specific phenotypes and contribute to site-specific lymphocyte recruitment. During chronic inflammation, the modified pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in the stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype. At the site of inflammation, infiltrating B cells and T cells interact with stromal cells. These interactions induce a plasma cell-like phenotype in B cells and T cells, associated with secretion of immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. B cells and T cells also influence the stromal cells, inducing cell proliferation, molecular changes and cytokine production. This positive feedback loop contributes to disease chronicity. This Review describes the importance of these cell interactions in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (and psoriasis) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding the importance and disease specificity of these interactions could provide new therapeutic options.
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9
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Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays central roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as it is regarded as an autoimmune disease. Clinical investigations revealed infiltrations of B cells in the synovium, especially those with ectopic lymphoid neogenesis, associate with disease severity. While some B cells in the synovium differentiate into plasma cells producing autoantibodies such as anti-citrullinated protein antibody, others differentiate into effector B cells producing proinflammatory cytokines and expressing RANKL. Synovial B cells might also be important as antigen-presenting cells. Synovial T cells are implicated in the induction of antibody production as well as local inflammation. In the former, a recently identified CD4 T cell subset, peripheral helper T (Tph), which is characterized by the expression of PD-1 and production of CXCL13 and IL-21, is implicated, while the latter might be mediated by Th1-like CD4 T cell subsets that can produce multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, and express cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin, granzymes and granulysin. CD8 T cells in the synovium are able to produce large amount of IFN-γ. However, the involvement of those lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of RA still awaits verification. Their antigen-specificity also needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Sensitization of knee-innervating sensory neurons by tumor necrosis factor-α-activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes: an in vitro, coculture model of inflammatory pain. Pain 2021; 161:2129-2141. [PMID: 32332252 PMCID: PMC7431145 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is a principal contributor to the global burden of arthritis with peripheral sensitization being a major cause of arthritis-related pain. Within the knee joint, distal endings of dorsal root ganglion neurons (knee neurons) interact with fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and the inflammatory mediators they secrete, which are thought to promote peripheral sensitization. Correspondingly, RNA sequencing has demonstrated detectable levels of proinflammatory genes in FLS derived from arthritis patients. This study confirms that stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) results in expression of proinflammatory genes in mouse and human FLS (derived from osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients), as well as increased secretion of cytokines from mouse TNF-α-stimulated FLS (TNF-FLS). Electrophysiological recordings from retrograde labelled knee neurons cocultured with TNF-FLS, or supernatant derived from TNF-FLS, revealed a depolarized resting membrane potential, increased spontaneous action potential firing, and enhanced TRPV1 function, all consistent with a role for FLS in mediating the sensitization of pain-sensing nerves in arthritis. Therefore, data from this study demonstrate the ability of FLS activated by TNF-α to promote neuronal sensitization, results that highlight the importance of both nonneuronal and neuronal cells to the development of pain in arthritis.
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11
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Bautista-Herrera LA, De la Cruz-Mosso U, Román-Fernández IV, Parra-Rojas I, Soñanez-Organis JG, Hernández-Bello J, Morales-Zambrano RA, Villanueva-Quintero GD, Muñoz-Valle JF. A potential inflammatory role of IL-31 in psoriatic arthritis: A correlation with Th17 cytokine profile. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 34:2058738420907186. [PMID: 32138573 PMCID: PMC7065432 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420907186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of our study were to determine the possible association of interleukin
(IL)-31 with Th17 cytokine profile in serum and to quantify retinoic
acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) mRNA expression in
psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in
50 patients with PsA and 30 control subjects (CS) matched by age and gender. The
cytokine serum levels were quantified by magnetic bead–based assay using the
Bio-Plex MAGPIX system, and RORC mRNA expression was determined
by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). As a result, significant
differences in IL-31 were observed between study groups (77.23 pg/mL in PsA vs
64.4 pg/mL in CS, P < 0.001) and Th17 cytokine profile serum
levels (IL-17A: 6.36 pg/mL in PsA vs 2.97 pg/mL in CS,
P = 0.02; IL-17F: 44.15 pg/mL in PsA vs 23.36 pg/mL in PsA,
P = 0.01; IL-17E: 3.03 pg/mL in PsA vs 0.82 pg/mL in CS,
P < 0.001; IL-21: 36.45 pg/mL in PsA vs 12.44 pg/mL in
CS, P = 0.02); however, significant differences were not
observed for IL-23 (31.2 pg/mL in PsA vs 53.26 pg/mL in CS,
P = 0.58). Furthermore, positive correlations between IL-31 and
Th17 cytokine profile serum levels were found (IL-17A: rs = 0.64,
P < 0.001; IL-17F: rs = 0.73,
P < 0.001; IL-17E: rs = 0.70,
P < 0.001; IL-21: rs = 0.54,
P = 0.002; IL-23: rs = 0.5,
P < 0.01). Regarding RORC gene expression,
the PsA group showed an increase of 6.85-fold compared to the CS group. We did
not find any association between the serum levels of cytokines and
RORC gene expression. In conclusion, in PsA, there are
increased serum levels of IL-31, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17E, and IL-21, but not
IL-23. Moreover, there was a positive correlation of IL-31 with the Th17
cytokine profile and a high RORC gene expression. Altogether,
these findings suggest a proinflammatory contribution of IL-31 in close
association with the Th17 cytokine profile in PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bautista-Herrera
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - U De la Cruz-Mosso
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - I V Román-Fernández
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - I Parra-Rojas
- Faculty of Biological Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - J G Soñanez-Organis
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Chemistry Sciences, South Regional Unit, University of Sonora, Navojoa, Mexico
| | - J Hernández-Bello
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R A Morales-Zambrano
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - J F Muñoz-Valle
- Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences, University Center for Health Science, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Han Y, Wang J, Jin M, Jia L, Yan C, Wang Y. Shentong Zhuyu Decoction Inhibits Inflammatory Response, Migration, and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes via the MAPK p38/PPAR γ/CTGF Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6187695. [PMID: 33511203 PMCID: PMC7826240 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6187695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study is aimed at exploring the effect of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) and its underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established. Subsequently, the RA-FLS were isolated from the CIA rat model and identified by immunohistochemistry. The viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion of RA-FLS were detected by the cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The levels of MAPK p38, PPARγ, CTGF, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, IL-1β, MMP-3, CDK4, and cyclin D1 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS After treatment with Shentong Zhuyu Decoction medicated serum, the OD570 value, migrative and invasive abilities, and the secretion of IL-1β, MMP-3 were remarkably decreased in RA-FLS, while the apoptosis rate was increased. Further, results showed that Shentong Zhuyu Decoction inhibited the transition from the G1 phase to S phase. Additionally, Shentong Zhuyu Decoction significantly inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, CDK4, cyclin D1, MAPK p-p38, and CTGF, whereas elevated the levels of Bax, caspase-3, and PPARγ. Importantly, the effects of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction were consistent with the trends of MAPK P38 inhibitor (SB203580) and PPARγ agonist (GW1929). CONCLUSIONS Shentong Zhuyu Decoction inhibited viability, inflammatory response, migration, invasion, and transition from the G1 phase to S phase and promoted apoptosis of RA-FLS via the MAPK p38/PPARγ/CTGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department II of Respiratory, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuihuan Yan
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yali Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Xu T, Yan T, Li P. Interleukin-29 regulates T follicular helper cells by repressing BCL6 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:3797-3804. [PMID: 32468318 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate whether Interleukin-29 (IL-29) directly affects T follicular helper (Tfh) cell frequency in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are both related to RA-specific antibody responses. METHODS Here, we explored the effect of IL-29 on Tfh cell production in RA patients using a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry (FCM), CD4+ T cell culture, western blotting, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS We reported that serum IL-29 levels, peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cell frequency, CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cell frequency, and IL-28 receptor (IL-28Rα) and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R2) levels in peripheral blood Tfh cells were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls (HCs). Serum IL-29 levels were positively correlated with peripheral blood CD4+CXCR5+CD40L+ Tfh cell frequency in RA patients, and both parameters also correlated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies. Furthermore, we showed that IL-29 may suppress Tfh cell differentiation in RA patients partly via decreased BCL6 level through reduced STAT3 activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings reveal the regulatory effect of IL-29 on Tfh cells, which participate in the pathogenesis of RA and provide new targets for its clinical treatment. Key Points • There is an increase in circulating Tfh cells and IL-29 levels in RA patients, which are correlated to anti-CCP antibodies levels and may be associated with RA pathogenesis. • We show for the first time that IL-29 may contribute to RA by inhibiting Tfh cell production, through decreasing the activity of STAT3 and downregulating the expression of BCL6. • The use of IL-29 biologics in patients with RA inhibits the production of Tfh cells, may prevent progression in patients with RA, and provides new targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuang Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
- Jilin University First Hospital, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, No.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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Chakrabarti S, Ai M, Henson FM, Smith ESJ. Peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain: A proposal to leverage large animals for in vitro studies. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2020; 8:100051. [PMID: 32817908 PMCID: PMC7426561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pain arising from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis is one of the leading causes of disability. Whereas the past 20-years has seen an increase in targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), other arthritis conditions, especially osteoarthritis, remain poorly treated. Although modulation of central pain pathways occurs in chronic arthritis, multiple lines of evidence indicate that peripherally driven pain is important in arthritic pain. To understand the peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain, various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, largely in rodents. Although rodent models provide numerous advantages for studying arthritis pathogenesis and treatment, the anatomy and biomechanics of rodent joints differ considerably to those of humans. By contrast, the anatomy and biomechanics of joints in larger animals, such as dogs, show greater similarity to human joints and thus studying them can provide novel insight for arthritis research. The purpose of this article is firstly to review models of arthritis and behavioral outcomes commonly used in large animals. Secondly, we review the existing in vitro models and assays used to study arthritic pain, primarily in rodents, and discuss the potential for adopting these strategies, as well as likely limitations, in large animals. We believe that exploring peripheral mechanisms of arthritic pain in vitro in large animals has the potential to reduce the veterinary burden of arthritis in commonly afflicted species like dogs, as well as to improve translatability of pain research into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Chakrabarti
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Minji Ai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Saberifar S, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Moghadam ER, Mohammadinejad R, Najafi M, Garg M. Nobiletin in Cancer Therapy: How This Plant Derived-Natural Compound Targets Various Oncogene and Onco-Suppressor Pathways. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050110. [PMID: 32380783 PMCID: PMC7277899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is a growing field, and annually, a high number of research is performed to develop novel antitumor drugs. Attempts to find new antitumor drugs continue, since cancer cells are able to acquire resistance to conventional drugs. Natural chemicals can be considered as promising candidates in the field of cancer therapy due to their multiple-targeting capability. The nobiletin (NOB) is a ubiquitous flavone isolated from Citrus fruits. The NOB has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective. Among them, the antitumor activity of NOB has been under attention over recent years. In this review, we comprehensively describe the efficacy of NOB in cancer therapy. NOB induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. It can suppress migration and invasion of cancer cells via the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EMT-related factors such as TGF-β, ZEB, Slug, and Snail. Besides, NOB inhibits oncogene factors such as STAT3, NF-κB, Akt, PI3K, Wnt, and so on. Noteworthy, onco-suppressor factors such as microRNA-7 and -200b undergo upregulation by NOB in cancer therapy. These onco-suppressor and oncogene pathways and mechanisms are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 6135783151, Iran;
| | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM. Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon 7319846451, Iran;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417414418, Iran;
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715749, Iran;
| | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran;
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.)
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Dávila-Collado R, Jarquín-Durán O, Dong LT, Espinoza JL. Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection in Non-Malignant Gastroduodenal Disorders. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020104. [PMID: 32041355 PMCID: PMC7168260 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are two pathogens associated with the development of various human cancers. The coexistence of both microorganisms in gastric cancer specimens has been increasingly reported, suggesting that crosstalk of both pathogens may be implicated in the carcinogenesis process. Considering that chronic inflammation is an initial step in the development of several cancers, including gastric cancer, we conducted a systematic review to comprehensively evaluate publications in which EBV and H. pylori co-infection has been documented in patients with non-malignant gastroduodenal disorders (NMGDs), including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. We searched the PubMed database up to August 2019, as well as publication references and, among the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified six studies assessing EBV infection directly in gastric tissues (total 949 patients) and three studies in which EBV infection status was determined by serological methods (total 662 patients). Due to the substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity among studies identified, we could not conduct a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of EBV + H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs was 34% (range 1.8% to 60%). A higher co-infection rate (EBV + H. pylori) was reported in studies in which EBV was documented by serological methods in comparison with studies in which EBV infection was directly assessed in gastric specimens. The majority of these studies were conducted in Latin-America and India, with most of them comparing NMGDs with gastric cancer, but there were no studies comparing the co-infection rate in NMGDs with that in asymptomatic individuals. In comparison with gastritis caused by only one of these pathogens, EBV + H. pylori co-infection was associated with increased severity of gastric inflammation. In conclusion, only relatively small studies testing EBV and H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs have been published to date and the variable report results are likely influenced by geographic factors and detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Le Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 116001, Vietnam
| | - J. Luis Espinoza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno 5-11-80, Kanazawa 920-0942, Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Nobiletin suppresses IL-21/IL-21 receptor-mediated inflammatory response in MH7A fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS): An implication in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 875:172939. [PMID: 31978425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms driving the development and progression of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex, novel targeted therapies are gaining traction as potential methods to prevent or slow the progression of RA. Nobiletin is a derivative of citrus fruit that has been shown to attenuate the development of osteoarthritis and inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the exact mechanisms by which nobiletin exerts these chondroprotective effects remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the impact of nobiletin in mediating the effects of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in MH7A fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), the main cell type found in the articular synovium. Firstly, we demonstrate that nobiletin (25 μM and 50 μM) reduced the expression of the IL-21 receptor by 29% and 51%, respectively, in FLS. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that nobiletin potently ameliorated IL-21-induced increased production of reactive oxygen species and 4-hydroxynonenal, increased expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. We also demonstrate the ability of nobiletin to attenuate IL-21-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 13 (MMP-3, MMP-13), key degradative enzymes involved in RA-associated cartilage destruction. Finally, we show that the effects of nobiletin are mediated through the JAK1/STAT3 pathway, as nobiletin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of both JAK1 and STAT3. Taken together, our findings indicate that nobiletin may offer a safe and effective treatment against the development and progression of RA induced by the expression of IL-21 and its receptor.
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18
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Su J, Zhang J, Zhu J, Liu Y. The promoting effect of MMP13 on mediating the development of HFLS-RA by the target of miR-19a through IL-17 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4282-4294. [PMID: 31960999 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
By investigating the expression profiles of miR-19a and metalloproteinases (MMP13) in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) and HFL cells lines, this study intends to confirm the directly target connection between them and reveal the effect of suppressing MMP13 on HLFS-RA migration, invasion and apoptosis. After screening the abnormal expressed messenger RNAs and microRNAs in synovial tissues of patients with RA, the underlying pathway was determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The HFLS-RA cell line was transfected for the following experiments with pcDNA3.1(+) served as vector. The directly target association between miR-19a and MMP13 was confirmed by Luciferase reporter assay. Microarray analysis suggested that MMP13 was upregulated while miR-19a was downregulated in HFLS of RA tissues compared with the healthy control group. MMP13 was related to many proteins in protein-protein interaction network, which might be the main influencing factor of RA. KEGG pathway analysis identified that interleukin (IL)-17 pathway was activated in the regulation of MMP13 in the development of RA. Through observing the alteration of luciferase activity, miR-19a could indeed bind to the 3'UTR of the downstream of MMP13, the target association was then confirmed. The proliferation and invasion of HFLS-RA were promoted by overexpressing MMP13 protein. miR-19a could function as a suppressor of MMP13 and thereby retard the severity of RA. The results showed that miR-19a could regulate the expression of MMP13 in HFLS-RA by mediating the proliferation and invasion of HFLS-RA through IL-17 signaling pathway, thereby participating in the degradation of chondrocytes in the progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric epithelia of its human host. Everyone who is colonized with these pathogenic bacteria can develop gastric inflammation, termed gastritis. Additionally, a small proportion of colonized people develop more adverse outcomes, including gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The development of these adverse outcomes is dependent on the establishment of a chronic inflammatory response. The development and control of this chronic inflammatory response are significantly impacted by CD4+ T helper cell activity. Noteworthy, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4+ T cells, produce several proinflammatory cytokines that activate innate immune cell antimicrobial activity, drive a pathogenic immune response, regulate B cell responses, and participate in wound healing. Therefore, this review was written to take an intricate look at the involvement of Th17 cells and their affiliated cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26) in regulating the immune response to H. pylori colonization and carcinogenesis.
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Fang Z, Qiu F, Zhao JF, Sun Q, Qiao B, Li GH, Li XM. [Role and mechanism of Galectin-3 gene in proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 36:404-409. [PMID: 30182569 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect and mechanism of Galectin-3 gene expression on proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were investigated. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-
PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein of Galectin-3 gene in OSCC. OSCC Tca8113 was divided into control, negative control, and Galectin-3 transfection groups. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Cleaved Caspase-3, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 protein after transfection for 48 h in each group. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8. Cell invasion ability was detected by using a Transwell chamber. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of Galectin-3 gene in OSCC were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.01). Galectin-3 protein expression in Tca8113 cells significantly decreased after RNA interference. Cell survival rate and invasion as well as MMP-2, MMP-9, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 protein expression were significantly lower than the blank group. Apoptosis rate and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Galectin-3 gene expression in OSCC can significantly reduce the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells and induce apoptosis. The mechanism is related to downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zhao
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bin Qiao
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guang-Hui Li
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin-Ming Li
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Long D, Chen Y, Wu H, Zhao M, Lu Q. Clinical significance and immunobiology of IL-21 in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 99:1-14. [PMID: 30773373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), an autocrine cytokine predominantly produced by follicular helper T (Tfh) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been proven to play an important role in the immune system, for example, by promoting proliferation and the development of Tfh and Th17 cells, balancing helper T cell subsets, inducing B cell generation and differentiation into plasma cells, and enhancing the production of immunoglobulin. These effects are mainly mediated by activation of the JAK/STAT, MAPK and PI3K pathways. Some IL-21 target genes, such as B lymphocyte induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), CXCR5 and Bcl-6, play important roles in the immune response. Therefore, IL-21 has been linked to autoimmune diseases. Indeed, IL-21 levels are increased in the peripheral blood and tissues of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and psoriasis. This increased IL-21 even positively associates with Tfh cells, plasma cells, autoantibodies and disease activity in SLE and RA. Additionally, IL-21 has been utilized as a therapeutic target in SLE, RA, T1D and psoriatic mouse models. Profoundly, clinical trials have shown safety and improvement in RA patients. However, tolerance and long-term pharmacodynamics effects with low bioavailability have been found in SLE patients. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the latest progress on IL-21 function and its signaling pathway and discuss the role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis of and therapy for autoimmune diseases, with the hope of providing potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Long
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongjian Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Liu T, Song J, Zhang M, Li S, Zhang J, Hu X, Zhao Z, Peng W, Wu Q, Bai H, Li Y, Lu X, Ying B. Interleukin-21 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22860. [PMID: 30758075 PMCID: PMC6595330 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related pathogenesis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin‐21 (IL‐21)‐JAK‐STAT signaling pathway genes. Methods We used the high‐resolution melting (HRM) method to genotype five SNPs (IL‐21 rs2221903, IL‐21 rs4833837, IL‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) rs2285452, JAK3 rs3008, and STAT3 rs1053023) in 546 HBV‐infected patients and 353 healthy Chinese subjects. The HBV‐infected patients were further divided into subgroups based on the HBV‐related pathologies: chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HBV‐related liver cirrhosis (LC), and HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of the five SNPs between the HBV‐infected patients and healthy subjects. The genotype and allele frequencies were similar in the two groups for IL‐21 rs2221903 (A>G, P = 0.83 and 0.67), rs4833837 (A>G, P = 0.80 and 0.49), IL‐21R rs2285452 (G>A, P = 0.25 and 0.68), STAT3 rs1053023 (A>G, P = 1.00 and 0.96), and JAK3 rs3008 (C>T, P = 0.32 and 0.54). However, patients with the IL‐21R rs2285452 AA genotype were more susceptible to HBV‐related HCC than those with the IL‐21R rs2285452 GA/GG genotype (P = 0.03, OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.16‐9.20). The serological marker model of “HBsAg+, HBeAg+, HBcAb+” was predominant among patients with HBV infection. However, there was no association between the genotype's distribution of the five SNPs and the serological marker models (P > 0.05). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the IL‐21R rs2285452 AA genotype increases the risk of HBV‐related HCC in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangyuheng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyue Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinya Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wu Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu, Sichuan, China
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23
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Ricard L, Jachiet V, Malard F, Ye Y, Stocker N, Rivière S, Senet P, Monfort JB, Fain O, Mohty M, Gaugler B, Mekinian A. Circulating follicular helper T cells are increased in systemic sclerosis and promote plasmablast differentiation through the IL-21 pathway which can be inhibited by ruxolitinib. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:539-550. [PMID: 30760472 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by widespread fibrosis, microangiopathy and autoantibodies. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ cooperate with B lymphocytes to induce the differentiation of plasmocytes secreting immunoglobulins (Ig). Circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells are increased in several autoimmune diseases. However, there are no data about cTfh cells and their interaction with B cells in SSc. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of cTfh cells in SSc. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we analysed cTfh cells from 50 patients with SSc and 32 healthy controls (HC). In vitro coculture experiments of sorted cTfh and B cells were performed for functional analysis. IgG and IgM production were measured by ELISA. RESULTS We observed that cTfh cell numbers are increased in patients with SSc compared with HC. Furthermore, the increase in cTfh cells was more potent in patients with severe forms of SSc such as diffuse SSc and in the presence of arterial pulmonary hypertension. cTfh cells from patients with SSc present an activated Tfh phenotype, with high expression of BCL-6, increased capacity to produce IL-21 in comparison with healthy controls. In vitro, cTfh cells from patients with SSc had higher capacity to stimulate the differentiation of CD19+CD27+CD38hi B cells and their secretion of IgG and IgM through the IL-21 pathway than Tfh cells from healthy controls. Blocking IL-21R or using the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced the Tfh cells' capacity to stimulate the plasmablasts and decreased the Ig production. CONCLUSIONS Circulating Tfh cells are increased in SSc and correlate with SSc severity. The IL-21 pathway or JAK1/2 blockade by ruxolitinib could be a promising strategy in the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Ricard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Jachiet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Yishan Ye
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stocker
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Rivière
- Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Senet
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Fain
- Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, Paris, France .,Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation (DHU i2B), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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24
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Dinesh P, Rasool M. uPA/uPAR signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: Shedding light on its mechanism of action. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:31-39. [PMID: 29859810 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting multiple joints. Various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors synergistically modulate the joint physiology leading to bone erosion and cartilage degradation. Other than these conventional mediators that are well established in the past, the newly identified plasminogen activator (PA) family of proteins have been witnessed to possess a multifactorial approach in mediating RA pathogenesis. One such family of proteins comprises of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR)/soluble-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). PA family of proteins are classified into two types namely: uPA and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA). Both these subtypes have been implicated to play a key role in RA disease progression. However during RA pathogenesis, uPA secreted by neutrophils, chondrocytes, and monocytes are designated to interact with uPAR expressed on macrophages, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), chondrocytes and endothelial cells. Interaction of uPA/uPAR promotes the disease progression of RA through secretion of several cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, uPA/uPAR initiates inflammatory responses in macrophages and FLS through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, uPAR plays a dual role in osteoclastogenesis under the presence/absence of growth factors like monocyte-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Overall, this review emphasizes the role of uPA/uPAR on various immune cells, signaling pathways and osteoclastogenesis involved in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Dinesh
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MahaboobKhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Franc BL, Goth S, MacKenzie J, Li X, Blecha J, Lam T, Jivan S, Hawkins RA, VanBrocklin H. In Vivo PET Imaging of the Activated Immune Environment in a Small Animal Model of Inflammatory Arthritis. Mol Imaging 2018. [PMID: 28625080 PMCID: PMC5480631 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117712638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving immune-mediated therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may benefit from an improved understanding of the complex role that T-cell activation plays in RA. This study assessed the potential of fluorine-18-labeled 9-β-d-arabinofuranosylguanine ([18F]F-AraG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to report immune activation in vivo in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) small animal model. METHODS Using positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging, uptake of [18F]F-AraG in the paws of mice affected by arthritis at 6 (acute) and 20 (chronic) days following AIA induction in a single paw was assessed and compared to uptake in contralateral control paws. Fractions of T cells and B cells demonstrating markers of activation at the 2 time points were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Differential uptake of [18F]F-AraG was demonstrated on imaging of the affected joint when compared to control at both acute and chronic time points with corresponding changes in markers of T-cell activation observed on flow cytometry. CONCLUSION [18F]F-AraG may serve as an imaging biomarker of T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis. Further development of this technique is warranted and could offer a tool to explore the temporal link between activated T cells and RA as well as to monitor immune-mediated therapies for RA in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Franc
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sam Goth
- 2 Cellsight Technologies, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John MacKenzie
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Blecha
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tina Lam
- 2 Cellsight Technologies, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salma Jivan
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Randall A Hawkins
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry VanBrocklin
- 1 Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Taylor DK, Mittereder N, Kuta E, Delaney T, Burwell T, Dacosta K, Zhao W, Cheng LI, Brown C, Boutrin A, Guo X, White WI, Zhu J, Dong H, Bowen MA, Lin J, Gao C, Yu L, Ramaswamy M, Gaudreau MC, Woods R, Herbst R, Carlesso G. T follicular helper–like cells contribute to skin fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Dinesh P, Rasool M. Multifaceted role of IL‐21 in rheumatoid arthritis: Current understanding and future perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3918-3928. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palani Dinesh
- Immunopathology LabSchool of Bio Sciences and TechnologyVIT UniversityVelloreTamil NaduIndia
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28
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Synovial cellular and molecular markers in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:385-393. [PMID: 28497350 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The profound alterations in the structure, cellular composition, and function of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the basis for the persistent inflammation and cumulative joint destruction that are hallmarks of this disease. In RA, the synovium develops characteristics of a tertiary lymphoid organ, with extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Concurrently, the fibroblast-like synoviocytes undergo massive hyperplasia and acquire a tissue-invasive phenotype. In this review, we summarize key components of these processes, focusing on recently-described roles of selected molecular markers of these cellular components of RA synovitis.
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