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Gong Q, LE X, Yu P, Zhuang L. Therapeutic advances in atrial fibrillation based on animal models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:135-152. [PMID: 38303497 PMCID: PMC10835209 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia among humans, with its incidence increasing significantly with age. Despite the high frequency of AF in clinical practice, its etiology and management remain elusive. To develop effective treatment strategies, it is imperative to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of AF; therefore, the establishment of animal models of AF is vital to explore its pathogenesis. While spontaneous AF is rare in most animal species, several large animal models, particularly those of pigs, dogs, and horses, have proven as invaluable in recent years in advancing our knowledge of AF pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic options. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of various animal models of AF, with an emphasis on the unique features of each model and its utility in AF research and treatment. The data summarized in this review provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of AF and can be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gong
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xuan LE
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lenan Zhuang
- Institute of Genetics and Reproduction, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Li Z, Shang L, Hou Y. Serum uric acid: creatinine ratio (UCR) is associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1110102. [PMID: 37274348 PMCID: PMC10235638 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Studies showed that elevated preoperative serum uric acid(SUA) levels are associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation(AF) after catheter ablation. UA:creatinine ratio(UCR - UA normalised for renal function) has appeared as a new biomarker and is considered to reflect endogenous UA levels preferably because it eliminates the influence of renal function. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between UCR and recurrence of AF after catheter ablation. Methods and results A total of 233 consecutive patients with symptomatic, drug-refractory AF underwent catheter ablation. All participants underwent history-taking, physical examination and blood biochemistry analysis at baseline. After a mean follow-up of 23.99 ± 0.76 months, recurrence ratios for each UCR quartile (from lowest quartile to highest) were 10.9%, 23.6%, 23.6%, and 41.8%, respectively (P = 0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that UCR was an independent predictor of AF recurrence (HR 1.217, 95%CI 1.008-1.468; P = 0.041). Subgroup analysis showed that UCR was associated with AF recurrence in paroxysmal AF (HR 1.426, 95% CI 1.092-1.8608; P = 0.009) and in male patients (HR 1.407, 95% CI 1.015-1.950; P = 0.04). A cut-off point of 4.475 for the UCR had sensitivity of 65.5% and specificity of 59.6% in predicting AF recurrence (P = 0.001). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that elevated preoperative UCR is associated with recurrence of AF after catheter ablation, and it indicate UCR maybe a predictive factor for the recurrence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Luxiang Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong First Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Guo S, Xue YJ, Zhu X, Yang B, Zhou CZ. Effects and pharmacological mechanism of Zhigancao Decoction on electrical and structural remodeling of the atrium of rabbits induced by rapid atrial pacing. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 66:597-609. [PMID: 36098833 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zhigancao decoction (ZD) has a long history in China as a traditional Chinese medicine compound for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias. This study mainly explored the pharmacological mechanism of Zhigancao Decoction in preventing atrial fibrillation by altering the electrical and structural remodeling of the atrial in rabbits. METHODS In total, 30 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (ten rabbits for each). The first group was sham-operated (control group). The second group was intervened by the rapid right atrium pacing (RAP) to induce atrial fibrillation (AF group), while the third group was given ZD gavage and RAP (AF + ZD group). All rabbits were anesthetized before two monophasic action potential (MAP) catheters were sequentially inserted into the right atrium. After 8 h of rapid right atrial pacing, the electrophysiological indexes and the induction rate of atrial fibrillation were observed in the three groups of rabbits, and the left atrial myocardium samples were taken to observe the ultrastructure. Single atrial myocytes were separated by enzymolysis, and the L-type calcium current (ICa-L) of atrial myocytes in different experimental groups was observed by whole-cell patch clamp technique. The fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in atrial myocytes was observed after Fluo-3/AM fluorescent staining. The main components of ZD were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. RESULTS Compared with the AF group, the maximum ascent rate (Max dV/dt) and plateau potential were significantly reduced in the ZD group, the action potential duration at 10% and 20% (APD10, APD20) were significantly shortened (P < 0.01), action potential duration at 50%, 70%, and 90% (APD50, APD70, APD90) were significantly prolonged, and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) in the ZD group. In the ZD group, the ICa-L amplitudes of rabbit atrial myocytes under each clamping voltage were significantly smaller than those in the AF group (P < 0.01) and the control group (P < 0.05). The Ca2+ fluorescence intensity in the rabbit atrial myocytes in the ZD group was significantly weaker than that in the AF group (P < 0.01) and the control group (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy displayed that the control group had neatly arranged atrial tissue myofilaments and intact mitochondria. However, the ultrastructural damage of the AF group was severe compared with that of the ZD group. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that ZD contained several antiarrhythmic compounds including ginsenoside, isoliensinine, catalpol, glycyrrhizinate and hesperetin. CONCLUSION Rapid atrial pacing (RAP) could cause the electrical and structural remodeling of rabbit atrial myocytes. ZD might reverse the atrial electrical remodeling but could have little effect on structural remodeling, which might be the mechanism of ZD treatment on atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Guo
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yao-Jun Xue
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China.
| | - Cheng-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
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Yang J, Lou L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhou W, Zhang C, Guo X, Hu S. The Relationship between Uric Acid and the Development, Complication, and Prognosis of Atrial Fibrillation: The Views from a Clinical Study. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:9355504. [PMID: 36340931 PMCID: PMC9633180 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9355504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is related to the occurrence, complications, and prognosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the guidelines did not clearly elaborate on this issue. The current research results need to be summarized to analyze the association between UA and AF. This study found that in the current clinical research on the relationship between UA and AF, studies mainly focus on the development or complications of AF. A lot of repetitive work does not deepen awareness of this question. In contrast, studies investigating the effects of UA-lowering therapy on the management of AF are limited. The only reports deny the protective effect of UA-lowering therapy. For now, we suggest that UA is close to the occurrence and progression of AF; therefore, it may have important significance as a clinical marker. The role of UA-lowering therapy in the management of AF is one of the next key issues to be explored. It will be a meaningful topic to focus on the latest research on AF ablation and to conduct a secondary analysis to explore the prognostic impact of UA on the latest treatment methods for AF. Multiomics techniques may allow us to have a deeper understanding of the role of UA in AF management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lian Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weier Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenjiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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