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Wu Z, Lv S, Xiao P, Yin X, Cheng H, Li H, Sun J, Ye X, Huang M, Zheng F, Sun B. Optimisation and characterisation of KOH-activated carbon obtained from Baijiu spent grains for the mitigation of risk factors in alcoholic beverages. Food Chem 2024; 452:139604. [PMID: 38749139 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to repurpose waste grain from the Baijiu brewing process into activated carbon for mitigating risk factors in alcoholic beverages, enhancing quality and ensuring safety. For attaining the most effective activated carbon, tailored carbon synthesis conditions were identified for diverse alcoholic beverages, optimising strategies. For beverages with low flavour compound content, optimal conditions include 900 °C calcination, 16-hour activation and a 1:2 activation ratio. In contrast, for those with abundant flavour compounds, 800 °C calcination, 16-hour activation and a 1:1 activation ratio are recommended. Post-synthesis analyses, employing nitrogen physisorption-desorption isotherms, FT-IR and SEM, validated a significant BET surface area of 244.871 m2/g for the KOH-activated carbon. Critical to adsorption efficiency, calcination temperature showcased noteworthy micro-porosity (0.8-1 nm), selectively adsorbing higher alcohols (C3-C6) and acetaldehyde while minimising acid and ester adsorption. Sensory evaluations refined optimal parameters, ensuring efficient spent grain management and heightened beverage safety without compromising aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Silei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiuxiu Yin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hehe Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; China Food Flavour and Nutrition Health Innovation Centre, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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2
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Peng H, Shahidi F. Metabolic, toxicological, chemical, and commercial perspectives on esterification of dietary polyphenols: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7465-7504. [PMID: 36908213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modifications have been practiced for more than a century and nowadays they are widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, or other industries to manipulate the physicochemical, bioactivity, metabolic/catabolic, and pharmacokinetic properties. Among various structural modifications, the esterification/O-acylation has been well-established in altering lipophilicity and bioactivity of parent bioactive compounds, especially natural polyphenolics, while maintaining their high biocompatibility. Meanwhile, various classic chemical and enzymatic protocols and other recently emerged cell factory technology are being employed as viable esterification strategies. In this contribution, the main motivations of phenolic esterification, including the tendency to replace synthetic alkyl phenolics with safer alternatives in the food industry to improve the bioavailability of phenolics as dietary supplements/pharmaceuticals, are discussed. In addition, the toxicity, metabolism, and commercial application of synthetic and natural phenolics are briefly introduced. Under these contexts, the mechanisms and reaction features of several most prevalent chemical and enzymatic esterification pathways are demonstrated. In addition, insights into the studies of esterification modification of natural phenolic compounds and specific pros/cons of various reaction systems with regard to their practical application are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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van den Broek J, Keller SD, Goodall I, Parish-Virtue K, Bauer-Christoph C, Fuchs J, Tsipi D, Güntner AT, Blum T, Mathurin JC, Steiger MG, Shirvani R, Gössinger M, Graf M, Anderhub P, Z'graggen D, Hüsser C, Faigle B, Agapios A. Handheld methanol detector for beverage analysis: interlaboratory validation. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3859-3866. [PMID: 38847307 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Methanol is a toxic alcohol contained in alcoholic beverages as a natural byproduct of fermentation or added intentionally to counterfeits to increase profit. To ensure consumer safety, many countries and the EU have established strict legislation limits for methanol content. Methanol concentration is mostly detected by laboratory instrumentation since mobile devices for routine on-site testing of beverages in distilleries, at border stations or even at home are not available. Here, we validated a handheld methanol detector for beverage analysis in an ISO 5725 interlaboratory trial: a total of 119 measurements were performed by 17 independent participants (distilleries, universities, authorities, and competence centers) from six countries on samples with relevant methanol concentrations (0.1, 1.5 vol%). The detector was based on a microporous separation filter and a nanostructured gas sensor allowing on-site measurement of methanol down to 0.01 vol% (in the liquid) within only 2 min by laymen. The detector showed excellent repeatability (<5.4%), reproducibility (<9.5%) and small bias (<0.012 vol%). Additional measurements on various methanol-spiked alcoholic beverages (whisky, rum, gin, vodka, tequila, port, sherry, liqueur) indicated that the detector is not interfered by environmental temperature and spirit composition, featuring excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) down to methanol concentrations of 0.01 vol%. This device has been recently commercialized (Alivion Spark M-20) with comparable accuracy to the gold-standard gas chromatography and can be readily applied for final product inspection, intake control of raw materials or to identify toxic counterfeit products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Goodall
- Scotch Whisky Research Institute, UK-EH144AP Riccarton, UK
| | | | | | - Johannes Fuchs
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, DE-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Despina Tsipi
- General Chemical State Laboratory, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas T Güntner
- Human-centered Sensing Laboratory, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Blum
- Research Division Food Microbial Systems, Agroscope, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias G Steiger
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Biochemistry, TU Wien, AT-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roghayeh Shirvani
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Biochemistry, TU Wien, AT-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Gössinger
- Department of Fruit Processing, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, AT-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Monika Graf
- Department of Fruit Processing, Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology Klosterneuburg, AT-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Agapiou Agapios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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4
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Lapierre C, Erlandson LW, Stoneroad II R, Rhiner A, Gosnell R, Barber J, Pham L. Substances of health concern in home-distilled and commercial alcohols from Texas. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32317. [PMID: 38912503 PMCID: PMC11190660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Poor distillation practices in the production of spirits have historically resulted in many instances of adverse health outcomes including death. Concern has focused on lead and copper contamination as well as unhealthy levels of methanol and glyphosate. This study assesses home-distilled and commercially distilled alcohols from Texas for these substances of concern, highlighting their potential risks to public health. Methods Atomic absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to determine lead and copper, methanol, and glyphosate levels in 12 commercial and 36 home-distilled alcohol samples. Results Our findings showed that 11 % of the home-distilled alcohols exceeded the U.S. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau's copper safety limits of 0.5 mg/L for wine. Additionally, 36 % of these samples surpassed the European Commission (EC)'s lead legal threshold of 0.15 mg/L set for wine products. Results from commercial alcohols indicated that no samples exceeded the same safety limits for copper, and 33 % exceeded the same legal threshold for lead. Both commercial and home-distilled alcohols exhibited methanol concentrations remarkably below the 0.35 % limit for brandy set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Only two home-distilled samples contained detectable glyphosate concentrations well below 100 μg/L, the maximum residue level in beer and wine established by the EC. Conclusions Our findings suggested that consumption of alcohol in Texas may pose potential health risks associated with the elevated content of lead and copper. There is a need for increased focus on alcohol as a potential source of exposure to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coady Lapierre
- Department of Counseling and Psychology, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Randy Stoneroad II
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Rhiner
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - Renae Gosnell
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - John Barber
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Texas A&M University-Central Texas, Texas, USA
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5
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Ilchenko O, Pilhun Y, Kutsyk A, Slobodianiuk D, Goksel Y, Dumont E, Vaut L, Mazzoni C, Morelli L, Boisen S, Stergiou K, Aulin Y, Rindzevicius T, Andersen TE, Lassen M, Mundhada H, Jendresen CB, Philipsen PA, Hædersdal M, Boisen A. Optics miniaturization strategy for demanding Raman spectroscopy applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3049. [PMID: 38589380 PMCID: PMC11001912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy provides non-destructive, label-free quantitative studies of chemical compositions at the microscale as used on NASA's Perseverance rover on Mars. Such capabilities come at the cost of high requirements for instrumentation. Here we present a centimeter-scale miniaturization of a Raman spectrometer using cheap non-stabilized laser diodes, densely packed optics, and non-cooled small sensors. The performance is comparable with expensive bulky research-grade Raman systems. It has excellent sensitivity, low power consumption, perfect wavenumber, intensity calibration, and 7 cm-1 resolution within the 400-4000 cm-1 range using a built-in reference. High performance and versatility are demonstrated in use cases including quantification of methanol in beverages, in-vivo Raman measurements of human skin, fermentation monitoring, chemical Raman mapping at sub-micrometer resolution, quantitative SERS mapping of the anti-cancer drug methotrexate and in-vitro bacteria identification. We foresee that the miniaturization will allow realization of super-compact Raman spectrometers for integration in smartphones and medical devices, democratizing Raman technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Ilchenko
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- Lightnovo ApS, Birkerød, Denmark.
| | - Yurii Pilhun
- Lightnovo ApS, Birkerød, Denmark
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Kutsyk
- Lightnovo ApS, Birkerød, Denmark
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Denys Slobodianiuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Magnetism, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaman Goksel
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elodie Dumont
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lukas Vaut
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chiara Mazzoni
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lidia Morelli
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Emil Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Merete Hædersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Lee KJ, Trowbridge AC, Bruce GD, Dwapanyin GO, Dunning KR, Dholakia K, Schartner EP. Learning algorithms for identification of whisky using portable Raman spectroscopy. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100729. [PMID: 38595930 PMCID: PMC11002798 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Reliable identification of high-value products such as whisky is vital due to rising issues of brand substitution and quality control in the industry. We have developed a novel framework that can perform whisky analysis directly from raw spectral data with no human intervention by integrating machine learning models with a portable Raman device. We demonstrate that machine learning models can achieve over 99% accuracy in brand or product identification across twenty-eight commercial samples. To demonstrate the flexibility of this approach, we utilized the same algorithms to quantify ethanol concentrations, as well as measuring methanol levels in spiked whisky samples. To demonstrate the potential use of these algorithms in a real-world environment we tested our algorithms on spectral measurements performed through the original whisky bottle. Through the bottle measurements are facilitated by a beam geometry hitherto not applied to whisky brand identification in conjunction with machine learning. Removing the need for decanting greatly enhances the practicality and commercial potential of this technique, enabling its use in detecting counterfeit or adulterated spirits and other high-value liquids. The techniques established in this paper aim to function as a rapid and non-destructive initial screening mechanism for detecting falsified and tampered spirits, complementing more comprehensive and stringent analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jun Lee
- Centre of Light for Life (CLL) and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Alexander C. Trowbridge
- Centre of Light for Life (CLL) and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Graham D. Bruce
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - George O. Dwapanyin
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Kylie R. Dunning
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- Centre of Light for Life (CLL) and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, Fife, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Erik P. Schartner
- Centre of Light for Life (CLL) and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
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7
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Okolo CA, Kilcawley KN, O'Connor C. Recent advances in whiskey analysis for authentication, discrimination, and quality control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4957-4992. [PMID: 37823807 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to safeguard authentic whiskey products from fraudulent or counterfeit practices, high throughput solutions that provide robust, rapid, and reliable solutions are required. The implementation of some analytical strategies is quite challenging or costly in routine analysis. Qualitative screening of whiskey products has been explored, but due to the nonspecificity of the chemical compounds, a more quantitative confirmatory technique is required to validate the result of the whiskey analysis. Hence, combining analytical and chemometric methods has been fundamental in whiskey sample differentiation and classification. A comprehensive update on the most relevant and current analytical techniques, including spectroscopic, chromatographic, and novel technologies employed within the last 5 years in whiskey analysis for authentication, discrimination, and quality control, are presented. Furthermore, the technical challenges in employing these analytical techniques, future trends, and perspectives are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioke A Okolo
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran N Kilcawley
- Food Quality & Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Co Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christine O'Connor
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Jangjou A, Moqadas M, Mohsenian L, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S, Alshehery S, Ali MA, Dehbozorgi F, Yadav KK, Khorami M, Zarei Jelyani N. Awareness raising and dealing with methanol poisoning based on effective strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115886. [PMID: 37072082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Intoxication with methanol most commonly occurs as a consequence of ingesting, inhaling, or coming into contact with formulations that include methanol as a base. Clinical manifestations of methanol poisoning include suppression of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal symptoms, and decompensated metabolic acidosis, which is associated with impaired vision and either early or late blindness within 0.5-4 h after ingestion. After ingestion, methanol concentrations in the blood that are greater than 50 mg/dl should raise some concern. Ingested methanol is typically digested by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and it is subsequently redistributed to the body's water to attain a volume distribution that is about equivalent to 0.77 L/kg. Moreover, it is removed from the body as its natural, unchanged parent molecules. Due to the fact that methanol poisoning is relatively uncommon but frequently involves a large number of victims at the same time, this type of incident occupies a special position in the field of clinical toxicology. The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in erroneous assumptions regarding the preventative capability of methanol in comparison to viral infection. More than 1000 Iranians fell ill, and more than 300 of them passed away in March of this year after they consumed methanol in the expectation that it would protect them from a new coronavirus. The Atlanta epidemic, which involved 323 individuals and resulted in the deaths of 41, is one example of mass poisoning. Another example is the Kristiansand outbreak, which involved 70 people and resulted in the deaths of three. In 2003, the AAPCC received reports of more than one thousand pediatric exposures. Since methanol poisoning is associated with high mortality rates, it is vital that the condition be addressed seriously and managed as quickly as feasible. The objective of this review was to raise awareness about the mechanism and metabolism of methanol toxicity, the introduction of therapeutic interventions such as gastrointestinal decontamination and methanol metabolism inhibition, the correction of metabolic disturbances, and the establishment of novel diagnostic/screening nanoparticle-based strategies for methanol poisoning such as the discovery of ADH inhibitors as well as the detection of the adulteration of alcoholic drinks by nanoparticles in order to prevent methanol poisoning. In conclusion, increasing warnings and knowledge about clinical manifestations, medical interventions, and novel strategies for methanol poisoning probably results in a decrease in the death load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jangjou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moqadas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Mohsenian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sultan Alshehery
- Department of Mechanical Engineering King Khalid University, zip code - 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Azam Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering King Khalid University, zip code - 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farbod Dehbozorgi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Masoud Khorami
- Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Zarei Jelyani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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9
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Esmeryan KD, Lazarov Y, Grakov T, Fedchenko YI, Vergov LG, Staykov S. Metal-Phenolic Film Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance as a Selective Sensor for Methanol Detection in Alcoholic Beverages. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1274. [PMID: 37374859 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The facile real-time monitoring of methyl content in fermented beverages is of fundamental significance in the alcohol and restaurant industry, since as little as 4 mL of methanol entering the blood may cause intoxication or blindness. So far, the practical applicability of available methanol sensors, including the piezoresonance analogs, is somewhat limited to laboratory use due to the complexity and bulkiness of the measuring equipment involving multistep procedures. This article introduces a hydrophobic metal-phenolic film-coated quartz crystal microbalance (MPF-QCM) as a novel streamlined detector of methanol in alcoholic drinks. Unlike other QCM-based alcohol sensors, our device operates under saturated vapor pressure conditions, permitting rapid detection of methyl fractions up to seven times below the tolerable levels in spirits (e.g., whisky) while effectively suppressing the cross-sensitivity to interfering chemical compounds such as water, petroleum ether or ammonium hydroxide. Furthermore, the good surface adhesion of metal-phenolic complexes endows the MPF-QCM with superior long-term stability, contributing to the repeatable and reversible physical sorption of the target analytes. These features, combined with the lack of mass flow controllers, valves and connecting pipes delivering the gas mixture, outline the likelihood for future design of a portable MPF-QCM prototype suitable to point-of-use analysis in drinking establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karekin D Esmeryan
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliyan Lazarov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teodor Grakov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yulian I Fedchenko
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lazar G Vergov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Staykov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
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10
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Rafizadeh A, Bhalla A, Sharma N, Kumar K, Zamani N, McDonald R, Roberts DM, Hassanian-Moghaddam H. Evaluating new simplified assays for harm reduction from methanol poisoning using chromotropic acid kits: An analytical study on Indian and Iranian alcoholic beverages. Front Public Health 2022; 10:983663. [PMID: 36408033 PMCID: PMC9670154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.983663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ingestion of methanol can result in severe irreversible morbidity, and death. Simple and easy methods to detect methanol and other hazardous additives prior to consumption can prevent fatalities. This form of harm reduction is analogous to the widely practiced "pill testing" of recreational drugs in various countries. We aimed to evaluate the performance of two qualitative and quantitative kits to simultaneously identify the presence of methanol and formaldehyde in alcoholic beverages, and compare this to the standard gas chromatographic (GC) method. Methods Two-hundred samples of Indian and Iranian alcoholic drinks were examined by two new qualitative and quantitative chemical kits designed based on a modified chromotropic acid (CA) method, as well as a gold standard GC method. Results Methanol levels were similar when evaluated by GC and quantitative method (Z = - 0.328, p = 0.743). The 75th percentile of methanol level detection was 4,290 mg L-1 (range; 0-83,132) using GC compared to that of 4,671 mg L-1 (range; 0-84,960) using the qualitative kit (predefined color intensity reflecting the methanol/ethanol ratio). The quantitative kit was able to detect all methanol-contaminated and non-contaminated samples (110 and 60 cases, respectively: 100% sensitivity). In 25 samples, GC analysis showed no methanol; but the qualitative kit detected possible toxic substances. Formaldehyde measurement by UV/Vis analysis showed the presence of formaldehyde in 23 samples (92%) with a median 912 [IQR 249, 2,109; range 112-2,742] mg L-1. Conclusion Methanol and formaldehyde can be easily detected using these simple CA chemical kits. Qualitative positive results may indicate the risk of poisoning if the beverage is consumed. CA kits can be used in community setting by public health units and community organizations to monitor for methanol contamination and inform a public health response to reduce methanol-related harms to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rafizadeh
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine-Toxicology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Nasim Zamani
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rebecca McDonald
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darren M. Roberts
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
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11
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Li D, Song J, Cheng Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Sun C, Yue C, Lei X. Ultra‐Sensitive, Selective and Repeatable Fluorescence Sensor for Methanol Based on a Highly Emissive 0D Hybrid Lead‐Free Perovskite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206437. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Yang Li
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Hua Song
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Min Wu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Yin Wang
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Ju Sun
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Cheng‐Yang Yue
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Wu Lei
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineer and Materials Jining University Qufu Shandong 273155 P. R. China
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12
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Li DY, Song JH, Cheng Y, Wu XM, Wang YY, Sun CJ, Yue CY, Lei XW. Ultra‐Sensitive, Selective and Repeatable Fluorescence Sensor for Methanol based on Highly Emissive 0D Hybrid Lead‐free Perovskite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Li
- Qufu Normal University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Jun-Hua Song
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Yu Cheng
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Yu-Yin Wang
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Chuan-Ju Sun
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Cheng-Yang Yue
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials Shan Dong Qufu CHINA
| | - Xiao-Wu Lei
- Jining University School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering Xingtan Road 273155 Qufu CHINA
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13
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Srdjenović-Čonić B, Kladar N, Božin B, Torović L. Harmful volatile substances in recorded and unrecorded fruit spirits. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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14
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Muhollari T, Szűcs S, Ádány R, Sándor J, McKee M, Pál L. Methanol in unrecorded fruit spirits. Does it pose a health risk to consumers in the European Union? A probabilistic toxicological approach. Toxicol Lett 2022; 357:43-56. [PMID: 34990791 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is present at high concentrations in unrecorded fruit spirits, placing consumers of these beverages at risk of exposure at high levels. When assessing any health risk it is necessary to consider blood methanol levels (BMLs), reference dose (RfD), and maximum tolerable blood methanol level (MTBML). The aim of our study was to estimate daily methanol intake and related BMLs attributable to drinking unrecorded fruit spirits in the European population using a probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation. Data on the concentration of methanol in unrecorded fruit spirits in European Union member states were collected and the health risk posed by consumption of unrecorded fruit spirits was estimated. We found that drinking unrecorded fruit spirits containing methanol at a concentration higher than 8598.1 mg/litre of pure alcohol (p.a.) or 6382.1 mg/litre of p.a. and also at least 10 g ethanol can result in a methanol intake above the RfD by men and women, respectively. We confirmed that consumption of unrecorded fruit spirits containing methanol does not result in BMLs higher than the MTBML. Further studies are required to assess whether there is any health risk from chronic exposure to methanol above the RfD from unrecorded fruit spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuta Muhollari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Szűcs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Róza Ádány
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Martin McKee
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - László Pál
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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15
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Fernández-Martos S, Calvo-Sánchez MI, Lobo-Aldezabal A, Sánchez-Adrada AI, Moreno C, Vitale M, Espada J. The deleterious effects induced by an acute exposure of human skin to common air pollutants are prevented by extracts of Deschampsia antarctica. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23751. [PMID: 34887500 PMCID: PMC8660883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic and regenerative potential of the skin is critically impaired by an increasing accumulation of air pollutants in human ecosystems. These toxic compounds are frequently implicated in pathological processes such as premature cutaneous ageing, altered pigmentation and cancer. In this scenario, innovative strategies are required to tackle the effects of severe air pollution on skin function. Here we have used a Human Skin Organotypic Culture (HSOC) model to characterize the deleterious effects of an acute topic exposure of human skin to moderately high concentrations of common ambient pollutants, including As, Cd, Cr, dioxins and tobacco smoke. All these toxic compunds inflict severe damage in the tissue, activating the AHR-mediated response to xenobiotics. We have further evaluated the potential of an aqueous leaf extract of the polyextremophile plant Deschampsia antarctica (Edafence) to protect human skin against the acute exposure to toxic pollutants. Our results indicate that pre-treatment of HSOC samples with this aqueous extract conuterbalances the deleterious effects of the exposure to toxic comunds and triggers the activation of key genes invoved in the redox system and in the pro-inflammatory/wound healing response in the skin, suggesting that this natural compound might be effectively used in vivo to protect human skin routinely in different daily conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernández-Martos
- Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology Group, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Calvo-Sánchez
- Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology Group, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biosciences Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Building E, Ctra. M-515 Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lobo-Aldezabal
- Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology Group, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biosciences Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, Building E, Ctra. M-515 Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Moreno
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vitale
- Medical Affairs Department, Cantabria Labs, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Espada
- Experimental Dermatology and Skin Biology Group, Ramon y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Cost-Effective Foam-Based Colorimetric Sensor for Roadside Testing of Alcohol in Undiluted Saliva. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel foam-based colorimetric alcohol sensor was developed for the detection of alcohol in saliva. Detection was based on the color change of a potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid solution absorbed by melamine foam. In the presence of alcohol, the orange colorimetric sensor changed color to brown, green and, ultimately, blue, depending on the concentration of alcohol in the sample. The response of the proposed sensor toward alcohol was linear from 0.10 to 2.5% v/v. The limit of detection was 0.03% v/v. Alcohol concentration could be determined using the naked eye in the range of 0.00 to 10% v/v. The developed alcohol sensor presented good operational accuracy (RSD = 0.30–1.90%, n = 8) and good stability for 21 days when stored at 25 °C and 75 days when stored at 4 °C. The results of alcohol detection with the developed sensor showed no significant difference from the results of spectrophotometric detection at a 95% confidence level (p > 0.05). The sensor was easy to use, small, inexpensive and portable, enabling drivers to accurately measure their own blood alcohol level and providing convenient speed in forensic applications.
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17
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Menevseoglu A, Aykas DP, Hatta-Sakoda B, Toledo-Herrera VH, Rodriguez-Saona LE. Non-Invasive Monitoring of Ethanol and Methanol Levels in Grape-Derived Pisco Distillate by Vibrational Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6278. [PMID: 34577485 PMCID: PMC8473036 DOI: 10.3390/s21186278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Handheld Raman and portable FT-IR spectroscopy devices were evaluated for fast and non-invasive determination of methanol and ethanol levels in Peruvian Pisco. Commercial Peruvian Pisco (n = 171) samples were kindly provided by the UNALM Alliance for Research in Alcohol and its Derivatives (Lima, Peru) and supplemented by purchases at grocery and online stores. Pisco spectra were collected on handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with either a 1064 nm or a 785 nm excitation laser and a portable infrared unit operating in transmission mode. The alcohol levels were determined by GC-MS. Calibration models used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to develop prediction algorithms. GC-MS data revealed that 10% of Pisco samples had ethanol levels lower than 38%, indicating possible water dilution. Methanol levels ranged from 10 to 130 mg/100 mL, well below the maximum levels allowed for fruit brandies. Handheld Raman equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser gave the best results for determining ethanol (SEP = 1.2%; RPre = 0.95) and methanol (SEP = 1.8 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.93). Randomly selected Pisco samples were spiked with methanol (75 to 2800 mg/100 mL), and their Raman spectra were collected through their genuine commercial bottles. The prediction models gave an excellent performance (SEP = 98 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.97), allowing for the non-destructive and non-contact determination of methanol and ethanol concentrations without opening the bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Menevseoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gumushane 29100, Turkey;
| | - Didem P. Aykas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin 09100, Turkey;
| | - Beatriz Hatta-Sakoda
- Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Av. La Molina s/n, La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | | | - Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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18
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Atabaki AH, Herrington WF, Burgner C, Jayaraman V, Ram RJ. Low-power swept-source Raman spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24723-24734. [PMID: 34614822 DOI: 10.1364/oe.427105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
'Molecular fingerprinting' with Raman spectroscopy can address important problems-from ensuring our food safety, detecting dangerous substances, to supporting disease diagnosis and management. However, the broad adoption of Raman spectroscopy demands low-cost, portable instruments that are sensitive and use lasers that are safe for human eye and skin. This is currently not possible with existing Raman spectroscopy approaches. Portability has been achieved with dispersive Raman spectrometers, however, fundamental entropic limits to light collection both limits sensitivity and demands high-power lasers and cooled expensive detectors. Here, we demonstrate a swept-source Raman spectrometer that improves light collection efficiency by up to 1000× compared to portable dispersive spectrometers. We demonstrate high detection sensitivity with only 1.5 mW average excitation power and an uncooled amplified silicon photodiode. The low optical power requirement allowed us to utilize miniature chip-scale MEMS-tunable lasers with close to eye-safe optical powers for excitation. We characterize the dynamic range and spectral characteristics of this Raman spectrometer in detail, and use it for fingerprinting of different molecular species consumed everyday including analgesic tablets, nutrients in vegetables, and contaminated alcohol. By moving the complexity of Raman spectroscopy from bulky spectrometers to chip-scale light sources, and by replacing expensive cooled detectors with low-cost uncooled alternatives, this swept-source Raman spectroscopy technique could make molecular fingerprinting more accessible.
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19
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Methanol Mitigation during Manufacturing of Fruit Spirits with Special Consideration of Novel Coffee Cherry Spirits. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092585. [PMID: 33925245 PMCID: PMC8125215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol is a natural ingredient with major occurrence in fruit spirits, such as apple, pear, plum or cherry spirits, but also in spirits made from coffee pulp. The compound is formed during fermentation and the following mash storage by enzymatic hydrolysis of naturally present pectins. Methanol is toxic above certain threshold levels and legal limits have been set in most jurisdictions. Therefore, the methanol content needs to be mitigated and its level must be controlled. This article will review the several factors that influence the methanol content including the pH value of the mash, the addition of various yeast and enzyme preparations, fermentation temperature, mash storage, and most importantly the raw material quality and hygiene. From all these mitigation possibilities, lowering the pH value and the use of cultured yeasts when mashing fruit substances is already common as best practice today. Also a controlled yeast fermentation at acidic pH facilitates not only reduced methanol formation, but ultimately also leads to quality benefits of the distillate. Special care has to be observed in the case of spirits made from coffee by-products which are prone to spoilage with very high methanol contents reported in past studies.
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20
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Sedghiniya S, Soleimannejad J, Foroutan M, Ebrahimi M, Naeini VF. A V( iii)-induced metallogel with solvent stimuli-responsive properties: structural proof-of-concept with MD simulations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36801-36813. [PMID: 35494376 PMCID: PMC9043536 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new solvent stimuli-responsive metallogel (VGel) was synthesized through the introduction of vanadium ions into an adenine (Ade) and 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC) organogel, and its supramolecular self-assembly was investigated from a computational viewpoint. A relationship between the synthesized VGel integrity and the self-assembly of its components is demonstrated by a broad range of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, an aspect that has not yet been explored for such a complex metallogel in particular. MD simulations and Voronoi tessellation assessments, both in agreement with experimental data, confirm the gel formation. Based on excellent water stability and the ethanol/methanol stimuli-responsive feature of the VGel an easy-to-use visualization assay for the detection of counterfeit liquor with a 6% (v/v) methanol limit of detection in 40% (v/v) ethanol is reported. These observations provide a cheap and technically simple method and are a step towards the immersible screening of similar molecules in methanol-spiked beverages. A new solvent stimuli-responsive metallogel (VGel) was synthesized through the introduction of vanadium ions into an adenine (Ade) and BTC organogel, and its supramolecular self-assembly was investigated from a computational viewpoint.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sedghiniya
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masumeh Foroutan
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ebrahimi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Fadaei Naeini
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, SE-97187, Sweden
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21
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Methanol in Grape Derived, Fruit and Honey Spirits: A Critical Review on Source, Quality Control, and Legal Limits. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirits are alcoholic beverages commonly consumed in European countries. Their raw materials are diverse and include fruits, cereals, honey, sugar cane, or grape pomace. The main aim of this work is to present and discuss the source, quality control, and legal limits of methanol in spirits produced using fruit and honey spirits. The impact of the raw material, alcoholic fermentation, and the distillation process and aging process on the characteristics and quality of the final distilled beverage are discussed. In addition, a critical view of the legal aspects related to the volatile composition of these distillates, the origin and presence of methanol, and the techniques used for quantification are also described. The methanol levels found in the different types of spirits are those expected based on the specific raw materials of each and, almost in all studies, respect the legal limits.
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22
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Abbasi F, Alizadeh N. Highly selective detection of methanol in aqueous and ethanol medium based on hybrid ZnS:Mn2+quantum dots/N-methylpolypyrrole as a fluorescence switchable sensor. Food Chem 2020; 328:127091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Carcinogenic, ethanol, acetaldehyde and noncarcinogenic higher alcohols, esters, and methanol compounds found in traditional alcoholic beverages. A risk assessment approach. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1057-1065. [PMID: 32923372 PMCID: PMC7475172 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages (both bottled and bulk) may introduce risk to human health, for carcinogenic compounds (MOET). Bottled alcoholic beverages are safer than those produced in buck quantities, for noncarcinogenic compounds (HRI). Commercial fermentation and distillation processes provide a controlled environment compared to home made distillates.
Greek fermentation and distillation industries produce traditional spirit beverages, such as tsipouro and tsikoudia, consumed both in bottles and bulk quantities by the general population or tourists. The same spirits are also produced by individuals at home since previous centuries, as a part of the local culture but mainly due to the Greek agricultural sector unique characteristics (small cultivation areas with great number of farmers). In this study, the concentrations of carcinogenic compounds: ethanol and acetaldehyde; and noncarcinogenic: higher alcohols (1-propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol), esters (ethyl acetate), and methanol were measured to estimate the potential cancer risk and daily intake of these compounds. The margin of exposure (MOE) of carcinogenic compounds was found to be less than 500 (mean value), well below the toxic threshold of 10,000, above which there is not public concern, as suggested by the European Food Safety Authority. Additionally, through risk assessment of noncarcinogenic compounds, we identified two specific compounds in-bulk spirits (produced by individuals), namely ethyl acetate and isobutanol, with health risk index (HRI) greater than 1 (indicating a possibility to induce side effects by consumption of high amounts). Our results indicate that bottled spirits, which are produced in a controlled environment (alcohol industries), showed higher human safety level in terms of both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessment studies, comparing to bulk beverages produced by individuals (with out strict regulations).
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Key Words
- Acetaldehyde
- Alcoholic beverages
- BMDL, benchmark dose (lower confidence limit)
- DI, daily intake
- EDI, estimated daily intake
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- Esters
- Ethanol
- GC-FID, gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector
- HRI, health risk index
- Higher alcohols
- IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer
- IRIS, Integrated Risk Information System
- MDEQ, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
- MOE, margin of exposure
- MOET, combined margin of exposure
- Methanol
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect-level
- OAC, odor-active compounds
- RfD, oral reference dose
- Risk assessment
- SD, standard deviation
- SEAOP, Greek Federation of Spirits Producers
- US EPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency
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A pocket-sized device enables detection of methanol adulteration in alcoholic beverages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:351-354. [PMID: 37128092 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic drinks contaminated, either accidentally or deliberately, by methanol claimed at least 789 lives in 2019, mostly in Asia. Here, a palm-sized, multi-use sensor-smartphone system is presented for on-demand headspace analysis of beverages. The analyser quantified methanol concentrations in 89 pure and methanol-contaminated alcoholic drinks from 6 continents and performed accurately for 107 consecutive days. This device could help consumers, distillers, law-enforcing authorities and healthcare workers to easily screen methanol in alcoholic beverages.
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26
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Kumar N, Gupta R, Bansal A. Effect of Surface Tension on Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Coefficient in Airlift Reactors. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Kumar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Jalandhar Punjab 144011 India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Jalandhar Punjab 144011 India
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering Jalandhar Punjab 144011 India
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Silva APD, Silvello GC, Bortoletto AM, Alcarde AR. Composição química de aguardente de cana obtida por diferentes métodos de destilação. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.30818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar a influência de métodos de destilação (simples, dupla e redestilação) na composição química de aguardentes de cana, mediante análises de componentes voláteis (aldeídos, ésteres, metanol, álcoois superiores, ácido acético e furfural) e contaminantes (álcoois n-butílico e sec-butílico, cobre e carbamato de etila). A aguardente monodestilada e os destilados alcoólicos das aguardentes bidestilada e redestiladas apresentaram composição química de compostos voláteis e de contaminantes dentro das especificações da legislação brasileira. A aguardente monodestilada apresentou maiores concentrações de ácido acético, aldeído acético, acetato de etila, álcool propílico, álcoois superiores, furfural e coeficiente de congêneres. A aguardente monodestilada também apresentou concentrações mais elevadas dos contaminantes metanol, sec-butanol, cobre e carbamato de etila. Em relação à monodestilação, as metodologias de bidestilação e de redestilação proporcionaram redução da concentração de congêneres voláteis das aguardentes (ácido acético, aldeído acético, acetato de etila, álcool propílico e furfural) e de compostos considerados contaminantes (metanol, sec-butanol, cobre e carbamato de etila).
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Wiwasuku T, Othong J, Boonmak J, Ervithayasuporn V, Youngme S. Sonochemical synthesis of microscale Zn(ii)-MOF with dual Lewis basic sites for fluorescent turn-on detection of Al3+ and methanol with low detection limits. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10240-10249. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A microscale Zn-MOF containing dual Lewis basic sites for the efficient bifunctional fluorescent detection of Al3+ and methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theanchai Wiwasuku
- Materials Chemistry Research Center
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
| | - Jintana Othong
- Materials Chemistry Research Center
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
| | - Jaursup Boonmak
- Materials Chemistry Research Center
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
| | - Vuthichai Ervithayasuporn
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- and Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Mahidol University
| | - Sujittra Youngme
- Materials Chemistry Research Center
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Khon Kaen University
- Khon Kaen
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29
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Zamani N, Rafizadeh A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Akhavan-Tavakoli A, Ghorbani-Samin M, Akhgari M, Shariati S. Evaluation of methanol content of illegal beverages using GC and an easier modified Chromotropic acid method; a cross sectional study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-019-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Methanol is highly toxic to human beings and naturally exists in some beverages. Having access to an easy and cheap method for its determination is of great importance to increase the safety of use of these beverages. Our main aim is to evaluate methanol concentration of some alcoholic beverages in Iran black market and compare it with the European and US standards. Also, we evaluated the efficacy of a newly designed and produced chemical kit in determining the risk of methanol toxicity by drinking of such samples compared to gas chromatography method.
Methods
Methanol content of suspected alcoholic beverages referred to forensic toxicology laboratory, Guilan province, Iran was measured using gas chromatography and a recently designed kit based on modified colorimetric chromotropic acid method.
Results
Of 1221 samples, 145 (11.9%) had no ethanol content, while in three samples (0.25%), methanol was high enough (700,000; 870,000; 920,000 mg/L) to cause severe methanol toxicity. Median [IQR] ethanol content of the suspected samples was 9% [3.7, 32.75]. Methanol was detected in 128 (10.48%) samples using gas chromatography method and 160 samples (13.1%) with designed kit with 100% sensitivity, 97.07% specificity, and 100% negative-predictive-value.
Conclusions
Alcoholic beverages produced in local black market in Iran are not safe at all. The application of the new method is practical, rapid, easy, and accurate to evaluate the risk of methanol toxicity in suspected alcoholic drinks.
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Zamani N, Rafizadeh A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Akhavan-Tavakoli A, Ghorbani-Samin M, Akhgari M, Shariati S. Evaluation of methanol content of illegal beverages using GC and an easier modified Chromotropic acid method; a cross sectional study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2019; 14:56. [PMID: 31842979 PMCID: PMC6916049 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-019-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Methanol is highly toxic to human beings and naturally exists in some beverages. Having access to an easy and cheap method for its determination is of great importance to increase the safety of use of these beverages. Our main aim is to evaluate methanol concentration of some alcoholic beverages in Iran black market and compare it with the European and US standards. Also, we evaluated the efficacy of a newly designed and produced chemical kit in determining the risk of methanol toxicity by drinking of such samples compared to gas chromatography method. Methods Methanol content of suspected alcoholic beverages referred to forensic toxicology laboratory, Guilan province, Iran was measured using gas chromatography and a recently designed kit based on modified colorimetric chromotropic acid method. Results Of 1221 samples, 145 (11.9%) had no ethanol content, while in three samples (0.25%), methanol was high enough (700,000; 870,000; 920,000 mg/L) to cause severe methanol toxicity. Median [IQR] ethanol content of the suspected samples was 9% [3.7, 32.75]. Methanol was detected in 128 (10.48%) samples using gas chromatography method and 160 samples (13.1%) with designed kit with 100% sensitivity, 97.07% specificity, and 100% negative-predictive-value. Conclusions Alcoholic beverages produced in local black market in Iran are not safe at all. The application of the new method is practical, rapid, easy, and accurate to evaluate the risk of methanol toxicity in suspected alcoholic drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Zamani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rafizadeh
- Departments of Nursing & Midwifery, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Maryam Akhgari
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Shariati
- Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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van den Broek J, Abegg S, Pratsinis SE, Güntner AT. Highly selective detection of methanol over ethanol by a handheld gas sensor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4220. [PMID: 31527675 PMCID: PMC6746816 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol poisoning causes blindness, organ failure or even death when recognized too late. Currently, there is no methanol detector for quick diagnosis by breath analysis or for screening of laced beverages. Typically, chemical sensors cannot distinguish methanol from the much higher ethanol background. Here, we present an inexpensive and handheld sensor for highly selective methanol detection. It consists of a separation column (Tenax) separating methanol from interferants like ethanol, acetone or hydrogen, as in gas chromatography, and a chemoresistive gas sensor (Pd-doped SnO2 nanoparticles) to quantify the methanol concentration. This way, methanol is measured within 2 min from 1 to 1000 ppm without interference of much higher ethanol levels (up to 62,000 ppm). As a proof-of-concept, we reliably measure methanol concentrations in spiked breath samples and liquor. This could enable the realization of highly selective sensors in emerging applications such as breath analysis or air quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van den Broek
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Abegg
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S E Pratsinis
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A T Güntner
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kocadal K, Alkas FB, Battal D, Saygi S. Cellular pathologies and genotoxic effects arising secondary to heavy metal exposure: A review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:3-13. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119874439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is significant and oftentimes hazardous in the areas, where mining, foundries and smelters and other metallurgical operations are located. Systematic research on the chronic effects of metals started during the past century; nevertheless, it is evident that even today, there are large gaps in knowledge regarding the assessment of the health effects caused by environmental and occupational exposures to these metals. Heavy metals induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress, make several repair-inhibiting cellular changes and alter the DNA repair processes. They favour the ‘false’ repairing of double-strand breaks (DSBs), propagate DNA mutations and induce carcinogenesis. A detailed literature search was performed using the MedLine/PubMed database. Depending on the mechanism of action, arsenicals can act as genotoxins, non-genotoxic agents and carcinogens. Cadmium can bind to proteins, reduce DNA repair, activate protein degradation, up-regulate cytokines and proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun and c-myc), induce the expression of metallothionein, haeme-oxygenases, glutathione transferases, heat-shock proteins, acute-phase reactants and DNA polymerase β at lower concentrations. Inorganic mercury damages oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport pathways at the ubiquinone–cytochrome b5 locus and thus induces ROS production. Abandoned mining areas generate environmentally persistent waste. These specific sites urgently require maximally efficient and cheap remediation. This bears the need for methodologies employing green and sustainable remediation. Phytoremediation is important in that it is a prevalent in situ remediation technique. Its advantages include the use of solar energy, cost-effectiveness, easy operation, reduction in secondary contaminants, the use of biomass for biofuel production and low-cost adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kocadal
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - FB Alkas
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - D Battal
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - S Saygi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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33
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Aghababaeian H, Araghi Ahvazi L, Ostadtaghizadeh A. The Methanol Poisoning Outbreaks in Iran 2018. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:128-130. [PMID: 30715164 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To present epidemiological data, probable causes and lessons learned from the outbreak of methanol poisoning in Iran in September 2018, and relate this to the increasing incidence of methanol poisoning worldwide over recent decades. METHOD Analysis of all available reliable field information, official news reports and reports from the country's forensic medicine organization and the Ministry of Health. RESULTS Overall, 768 people in Iran were documented as poisoned from September 7 to October 7 2018 by consuming an informal alcohol containing methanol, of whom 76 died (10.1% fatality rate); 460 subjects attended state hospitals due to acute methanol poisoning of whom 42 (9.13%) died. Those who were hospitalized comprised 177 subjects (38.4%), with 241 subjects (52.3%) seen and discharged. Males comprised 93% of the deaths. About 41% of those poisoned were aged 25-36. Outbreaks were reported in 21 provinces. CONCLUSION These data indicate a high fatality rate of methanol poisoning in Iran, something seen also in some other countries. Considering that such outbreaks take place more in low-income and Islamic countries due to ignorance and legal constraints, it seems necessary to seek an effective educational model for raising public awareness and a fully native and early warning system in this regard to reduce the damage and enhance readiness to deal with the health effects of such outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nursing & Emergency Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.,Department of Nursing and Emergency, Institute for Health in Emergencies and Disaster Research, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Ladan Araghi Ahvazi
- Department of Nursing & Emergency Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.,Department of Nursing and Emergency, Institute for Health in Emergencies and Disaster Research, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Folate and its derivatives have long been used as an adjunctive treatment in methanol poisoning. Methanol is ultimately metabolized to formate, the toxic compound. The accumulation of formate can lead to acidemia, retinal damage, visual impairment, and death. Formate is converted to carbon dioxide and water in a folate-dependent manner, and folate is often given in cases of methanol poisoning. In this paper, the evidence for folate as an adjunctive therapy in methanol poisoning is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Theobald
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Jose Medical Center, San Jose, California, USA
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Bujdosó O, Pál L, Nagy A, Árnyas E, Ádány R, Sándor J, McKee M, Szűcs S. Can be the health risk from consumption of unrecorded fruit spirits containing alcohols other than ethanol ruled out? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104431. [PMID: 31336129 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Bujdosó
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Pál
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Nagy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ervin Árnyas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Róza Ádány
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Martin McKee
- European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sándor Szűcs
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Lachenmeier DW, Walch SG, Rehm J. Exaggeration of health risk of congener alcohols in unrecorded alcohol: does this mislead alcohol policy efforts? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104432. [PMID: 31336128 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stephan G Walch
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S1; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Canada; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187, Dresden, Germany; Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str., 8, b. 2, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Zheng J, Zhang T, Zeng H, Guo W, Zhao B, Sun Y, Li Y, Jiang L. Multishelled Hollow Structures of Yttrium Oxide for the Highly Selective and Ultrasensitive Detection of Methanol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804688. [PMID: 30677227 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methanol is extremely harmful to human health, since it is oxidized slowly and can accumulate in the human body. Therefore, it is essential to develop a methanol gas sensing technology with high sensitivity and selectivity for use in environmental monitoring and healthcare. In this work, a simple and low-cost sensor based on a Y2 O3 multishelled hollow structure (YMSH) to selectively detect methanol with an ultrasensitive limit of detection (71 ppb) is developed. The unique multishelled hollow structure with a large surface area and exposed {222} facets makes an important contribution to the ultrasensitive detection of methanol, which is further confirmed by subsequent theoretical simulations. Moreover, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra verify that CO2 is the final product, which indicates a high catalytic activity of the YMSHs toward methanol oxidation. Interestingly, the sensor can also be applied to liquor samples that are mixtures of ethanol, methanol, and water, which provides a facile way to detect methanol in wines. This sensor represents a unique and highly sensitive means to detect methanol, which has great promise for potential application in environmental monitoring and food safety inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tingmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Consumption of illegal home-made alcohol in Malawi: A neglected public health threat. Alcohol 2019; 75:99-103. [PMID: 30640075 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the ethanol and methanol contents of homemade spirit (Kachasu) sold in Blantyre, Malawi. The likelihood of ethanol and methanol toxicity, respectively, was determined through Monte Carlo simulations using reported Kachasu intake volumes of 21 consumers and the determined methanol and ethanol contents. Ethanol concentration, in samples from 20 different distillers, ranged from 11 to 55% v/v. Methanol was detected in 10 of the 20 samples (0.01-0.28% v/v). The likely mean ethanol intake of drinkers in Blantyre was found to be 214 ± 93 mL per day (90% CI, 68.9-373.4 mL), and mean methanol intake was 0.44 ± 0.37 mL (90% CI, 0.03-1.17 mL). The intake values translated to mean blood ethanol and methanol concentrations of 38 ± 16 mg/mL and 0.05 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the risk of methanol toxicity was considered as negligible. However, there was a high risk of ethanol toxicity. Since production and selling of Kachasu are already illegal in Malawi, enforcement of regulations should be strengthened to reverse the current situation where Kachasu is being distilled and sold openly even within cities. Consumers should also be sensitized about the likely risks associated with consumption of Kachasu in Malawi so that they can make informed choices.
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Ou TH, Wang Y, Fang D, Narayanan SR, Wu W. Detection of Fake Alcoholic Beverages Using Electrolyte-Free Nanogap Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6217-6223. [PMID: 30663304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of the similarity of odor, appearance, and chemical structure of methanol and ethanol, measuring the low concentration of methanol in an alcoholic beverage is difficult to perform in a quick, quantitative, and repeatable fashion. However, it is important for people to monitor the content of methanol in a liquor because a high amount of methanol absorbed will result in blindness, coma, and death. In response to this need, we have developed electrolyte-free methanol electrolysis and ethanol electrolysis based on the nanogap electrochemical cells for the methanol and ethanol sensing. Upon applying a voltage, a high electric field across the nanogap cell enhances the solution ionization and the ion transport rate. Moreover, the nanoscale distance between the electrodes provides a shorter path for electrolysis to easily occur. The nanogap electrochemical cells not only make the direct electrolyte-free organic solvent electrolysis possible but also enhance the sensitivity of the chemical of interest in low-concentration solutions without the influence of the added electrolyte. The nanogap electrochemical cells have been demonstrated having high sensitivity to detect 0.15% methanol volume concentration in deionized water solutions without adding any electrolyte, and its ability for the fake alcoholic beverages' detection has successfully demonstrated.
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40
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Shapira B, Schaefer E, Poperno A, Hess Z, Rosca P, Berkovitz R. The methanol content of illicit alcoholic beverages seized in a low socio-economic area of Tel-Aviv: public health impact and policy implications. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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41
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Ellis DI, Muhamadali H, Xu Y, Eccles R, Goodall I, Goodacre R. Rapid through-container detection of fake spirits and methanol quantification with handheld Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 144:324-330. [PMID: 30516175 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The spirits drinks industry is of significant global economic importance and a major employer worldwide, and the ability to ensure product authenticity and maintain consumer confidence in these high-value products is absolutely essential. Spirit drinks counterfeiting is a worldwide problem, with counterfeiting and adulteration of spirit drinks taking many forms, such as substitution, stretching with lower-grade products, or creation of counterfeits with industrial, surrogate, or locally produced alcohols. Methanol for example, which has been used as a substitute alcohol for ethanol, has a high toxicity in humans. The counterfeiting of spirit drinks is consequently one of the few leading reported types of food fraud which can be directly and unequivocally linked to food safety and health concerns. Here, for the first time, we use handheld Raman spectroscopy with excitation in the near IR (1064 nm) for the through-container differentiation of multiple spirit drinks, detection of multiple chemical markers of counterfeit alcohol, and for the quantification of methanol. We established the limits of detection (LOD) of methanol in the analysed samples from four different spirit types (between 0.23-0.39%), which were considerably lower than a quoted maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of 2% (v/v) methanol for humans in a 40% alcohol by volume (ABV) spirit drink, and even lower than the general EU limit for naturally occurring methanol in fruit spirits of 0.5% v/v (10 g methanol per L ethanol). We believe that Raman spectroscopy has considerable practicable potential for the rapid in situ through-container detection of counterfeit spirits drinks, as well as for the analysis and protection of other beverages and liquid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Ellis
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - H Muhamadali
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Y Xu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - R Eccles
- Scotch Whisky Research Institute, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - I Goodall
- Scotch Whisky Research Institute, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - R Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M1 7DN, UK. and Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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42
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Jornet-Martínez N, Gómez-Ojea R, Tomás-Huercio O, Herráez-Hernández R, Campíns-Falcó P. Colorimetric determination of alcohols in spirit drinks using a reversible solid sensor. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Puentes C, Joulia X, Vidal JP, Esteban-Decloux M. Simulation of spirits distillation for a better understanding of volatile aroma compounds behavior: Application to Armagnac production. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Binitu Worku B, Gemede HF, Woldegiorgis AZ. Nutritional and alcoholic contents of cheka: A traditional fermented beverage in Southwestern Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2466-2472. [PMID: 30510748 PMCID: PMC6261204 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheka is a cereal and vegetable-based beverage which is consumed in Southwestern parts of Ethiopia particularly in Dirashe and Konso. In this study, nine cheka samples were collected from vending houses in Konso and Dirashe districts for the laboratory analysis of the nutritional profile and chemical properties of cheka. The pH and titratable acidity of the samples ranged from 3.53-3.99 and 0.80%-1.11%, respectively. The total solids, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, carbohydrate, and gross energy contents of the samples ranged from 21.05%-26.87%, 3.12-4.44 g/100 g, 1.17-1.81 g/100 g, 0.94-1.27, 0.65-0.93 g/100 g, 14.16-19.03 g/100 g, and 82.04-107.17 Kcal, respectively. The dietary Ca, Fe, and Zn content of the samples were ranged from 8.31-19.60 mg/100 g, 13.94-27.59 mg/100 g and 0.82-1.07 mg/100 g, respectively. The methanol and ethanol contents of the cheka samples ranged from 163.1-2,380 ppm and 3.04%-8.96% v/v, respectively. The findings of this study indicated that cheka has low nutrient content and thus, suggests that people in Konso and Dirashe should not rely on it without eating solid foods as it is almost always diluted with a significant amount of water. In conclusion, the longer fermentation time of cheka resulted in high methanol levels that can present adverse health effects to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belay Binitu Worku
- Department of Food Process Engineering and Postharvest TechnologyAmbo UniversityAmboEthiopia
| | - Habtamu Fekadu Gemede
- Department of Food Technology and Process EngineeringWollega UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
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45
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Evaluation of methanol content of beverages using an easy modified chromotropic acid method. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:11-14. [PMID: 30099055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Haseeb S, Alexander B, Santi RL, Liprandi AS, Baranchuk A. What's in wine? A clinician's perspective<sup/>. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:97-106. [PMID: 30104174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages, specifically wine, have been consumed for many years. Wine is postulated to play an important role in the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. Most epidemiological studies have found sustained consumption at light-to-moderate amounts to increase HDL cholesterol, reduce platelet aggregation, and promote fibrinolysis. Wine consumption has been inversely associated with ischemic heart disease, and the alcohol-blood pressure association, in most studies, follows a J-shaped curve. These outcomes have been attributed to the molecular constituents of wine, namely ethanol and polyphenols. Due to the continued interest in wine as a biological beverage, we review the chemistry of wine as clinicians, including its chemical composition, viticulture and enological practices, and other chemical factors that influence the bioactive components of wine. We also outline the biological effects of wine components and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryce Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricardo Lopez Santi
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital Italiano de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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47
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Rabiti D, Orfila C, Holmes M, Bordoni A, Sarkar A. In vitro oral processing of raw tomato: Novel insights into the role of endogenous fruit enzymes. J Texture Stud 2018; 49:351-358. [PMID: 29896842 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During consumption of fruits, the breakdown of the fruit tissue due to oral processing (chewing, mixing with saliva) may activate or increase the rate of endogenous enzyme activities via the disruption of the cell wall, cellular decompartmentalization, and particle size reduction allowing the enzymes to reach their substrates. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of one such endogenous fruit enzyme (pectin methylesterase [PME] [E.C. 3.1.1.11]) during in vitro oral processing of raw tomatoes and associated changes in viscosity and microstructure. Oral processing of tomatoes purees was examined in the presence of artificial saliva (AS) at 37°C. in vitro oral processing was followed using immunofluorescence microscopy, apparent viscosity measurements, spectrophotometric, and titrimetric techniques. The results demonstrated that PME had slight but significant activity in the tomato fruit during in vitro oral processing generating methanol as a function of oral processing time, which was further evidenced using immunolabeling techniques to detect methylated pectin epitopes. A significant shear-thinning behavior of the tomato puree was observed due to dilution and/or endogenous fruit enzyme activity. These results suggest that activity of other fruit enzymes, such as polygalacturonase, which catalyzed the depolymerization of unmethylated pectin chains, might have resulted in a decrease in viscosity, which compensated for the increased potential for gel formation (if any) caused by PME. These interesting insights into the role of endogenous fruit enzymes might pave the way to the understanding of fruit viscosity modification occurring in the mouth and help in rational design of new fruit-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rabiti
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Food Science, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melvin Holmes
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna (IT), Bologna, Italy
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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48
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Xie J, Tian XF, He SG, Wei YL, Peng B, Wu ZQ. Evaluating the Intoxicating Degree of Liquor Products with Combinations of Fusel Alcohols, Acids, and Esters. Molecules 2018; 23:E1239. [PMID: 29789494 PMCID: PMC6100290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of fusel alcohols on the intoxicating degree of liquor products, formulated liquors (FLs) were prepared by blending 1-propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol with ethanol, organic acids, and corresponding ethyl esters to simulate the formula of traditional Chinese liquors. The prepared FLs were submitted for evaluation of their intoxicating degree (ID). The results showed that the fusel alcohols had a biphasic effect on the IDs of the FLs, depending on the comprehensive coordination of the characteristic minor components. The importance of the suitable ratio of alcohols/acids/esters (RAAE) on the IDs was also revealed. Under an optimal ratio level, the fusel alcohols exhibited negligible effects on the IDs of the FLs. Moreover, the ratio of isoamyl alcohol to isobutanol (IA/IB) showed a strong positive correlation to the IDs of the FLs. This study lays a foundation for the potential application in producing low-ID liquor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xie
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Fei Tian
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Song-Gui He
- Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery Co., Ltd., Foshan 528203, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun-Lu Wei
- Guangdong Jiujiang Distillery Co., Ltd., Foshan 528203, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhen-Qiang Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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49
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Zito CA, Perfecto TM, Fonseca CS, Volanti DP. Effective reduced graphene oxide sheets/hierarchical flower-like NiO composites for methanol sensing under high humidity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the methanol sensing performance of reduced graphene oxide/hierarchical flower-like NiO under 90% of relative humidity and relatively low-temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Zito
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- SP 15054-000
| | - Tarcísio M. Perfecto
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- SP 15054-000
| | - Cristiane S. Fonseca
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- SP 15054-000
| | - Diogo P. Volanti
- Laboratory of Materials for Sustainability (LabMatSus)
- Ibilce
- São Paulo State University (Unesp)
- R. Cristóvão Colombo
- SP 15054-000
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50
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Asiimwe SB, Fatch R, Patts G, Winter M, Lloyd-Travaglini C, Emenyonu N, Muyindike W, Kekibiina A, Blokhina E, Gnatienko N, Kruptisky E, Cheng DM, Samet JH, Hahn JA. Alcohol Types and HIV Disease Progression Among HIV-Infected Drinkers Not Yet on Antiretroviral Therapy in Russia and Uganda. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:204-215. [PMID: 28856539 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In HIV-infected drinkers, alcohol types more likely to cause inflammation could plausibly increase the risk of HIV disease progression. We therefore assessed the association between alcohol type and plasma HIV RNA level (HIV viral load) among HIV-infected drinkers not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Russia and Uganda. We analyzed the data of participants from cohorts in Russia and Uganda and assessed their HIV viral load at enrollment by the alcohol type predominantly consumed. We defined predominant alcohol type as the alcohol type contributing >50% of total alcohol consumption in the 1 month (Russia) or 3 months (Uganda) prior to enrollment. Using multiple linear regression, we compared log10 HIV viral load by predominant alcohol type, controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status, total number of standard drinks, frequency of drinking ≥6 drinks/occasion, and in Russia, history of injection drug use. Most participants (99.2% of 261 in Russia and 98.9% of 352 in Uganda) predominantly drank one alcohol type. In Russia, we did not find evidence for differences in viral load levels between drinkers of fortified wine (n = 5) or hard liquor (n = 49), compared to drinkers of beer/low-ethanol-content cocktails (n = 163); however, wine/high-ethanol-content cocktail drinkers (n = 42) had higher mean log10 viral load than beer/low-ethanol-content cocktail drinkers (β = 0.38, 95% CI 0.07-0.69; p = 0.02). In Uganda, we did not find evidence for differences in viral load levels between drinkers of locally-brewed beer (n = 41), commercially-distilled spirits (n = 38), or locally-distilled spirits (n = 43), compared to drinkers of commercially-made beer (n = 218); however, wine drinkers (n = 8) had lower mean log10 HIV viral load (β = -0.65, 95% CI -1.36 to 0.07, p = 0.08), although this did not reach statistical significance. Among HIV-infected drinkers not yet on ART in Russia and Uganda, we observed an association between the alcohol type predominantly consumed and the HIV viral load level in the Russia sample. These exploratory results suggest that, in addition to total number of drinks and drinking patterns, alcohol type might be a dimension of alcohol use that merits examination in studies of HIV and alcohol related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Asiimwe
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Mission Hall: Global Health and Clinical Sciences Building, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Robin Fatch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Patts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Winter
- School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Lloyd-Travaglini
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nneka Emenyonu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Winnie Muyindike
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Allen Kekibiina
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Elena Blokhina
- School of Public Health, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Gnatienko
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evgeny Kruptisky
- First St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg Bekhterev Research Psychoneurological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Debbie M Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Samet
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith A Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 2nd floor, Mission Hall: Global Health and Clinical Sciences Building, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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