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Balasa R, Lightfoot S, Cleverley K, Stremler R, Szatmari P, Alidina Z, Korczak D. Effectiveness of emergency department-based and initiated youth suicide prevention interventions: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289035. [PMID: 38051744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review examined the effectiveness of Emergency Department-based and initiated youth suicide prevention interventions for suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, hospitalization, family system functioning, and other mental health symptoms. METHODS We searched five databases for randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies that examined Emergency Department-based and initiated suicide prevention interventions among youth aged 10 to 18 years old between May 2020 to June 2022. Using Cohen's d and 95% confidence interval as our standardised metrics, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis in Systematic Reviews (SWiM) guidelines when synthesizing, interpreting, and reporting the findings of this review. RESULTS Five studies were included in this review. Findings were first synthesized according to the targeted population of the study intervention and this review's outcomes. Two interventions were effective for decreasing depressive symptoms, hospitalization recidivism, and/or increasing family empowerment. There were no interventions that reduced subsequent suicide attempts. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of the data. CONCLUSION A need exists to develop and evaluate Emergency Department-based and initiated youth suicide prevention interventions that can be successfully and sustainably implemented in practice. Future research should focus on evaluating the components of interventions that effectively mitigate suicide risk among high-risk youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Balasa
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Kristin Cleverley
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robyn Stremler
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Division of Child and Youth Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zenita Alidina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Yu H, Tian H, Fang T, Zhang Q, Wang L, Ma X, Li R, Cheng L, Zhuo C. Validity and reliability of a Chinese language suicide screening questionnaire-observer rating (CL-SSQ-OR) assessment for children/adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1147161. [PMID: 37205976 PMCID: PMC10188987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1147161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A Suicide Screening Questionnaire-Observer Rating (SSQ-OR) has been used to assess risk of suicide among individuals and to help clinicians identify and rescue individuals attempting suicide. To prevent the risk of suicide in China, a Chinese language SSQ-OR (CL-SSQ-OR) needs to be introduced. Objective To test the validity and reliability of a CL-SSQ-OR. Method A total of 250 individuals were enrolled in this study. Each completed a CL-SSQ-OR assessment, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was adopted to determine structural validity. Spearman correlation coefficients were adopted to determine criterion validity. An internal correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test inter-consistency and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to test split-half reliability. Results CFA was conducted with use of the maximum variance method to evaluate the item results. All of the items received scores >0.40. In addition, good model fit indices were observed for the two-factor structure RMSEA = 0.046, TLI = 0.965, CFI = 0.977. The items' factor loading of the CL-SSQ-OR in the first factor ranged from 0.443 to 0.878. The items' factor loading of the CL-SSQ-OR in the second factor ranged from 0.400 to 0.810. The ICC of the total CL-SSQ-OR was 0.855. Cronbach's α was 0.873. Conclusion The CL-SSQ-OR described here demonstrates ideal psychometric properties and is found to be a suitable tool for screening Chinese children/adolescents who are at risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjun Tian,
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranli Li
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Langlang Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Langlang Cheng,
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh Peoples Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Chuanjun Zhuo,
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