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SeyedAlinaghi S, Mirzapour P, Mehraeen E, Hackett D. The Psychological, Philosophical, and Political Implications of COVID-19. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:e280323215058. [PMID: 37018529 DOI: 10.2174/1871526523666230328124553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mirzapour
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information Technology, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Manchia M, Gathier AW, Yapici-Eser H, Schmidt MV, de Quervain D, van Amelsvoort T, Bisson JI, Cryan JF, Howes OD, Pinto L, van der Wee NJ, Domschke K, Branchi I, Vinkers CH. The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 55:22-83. [PMID: 34818601 PMCID: PMC8554139 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global public health crisis caused by COVID-19 has lasted longer than many of us would have hoped and expected. With its high uncertainty and limited control, the COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly asked a lot from all of us. One important central question is: how resilient have we proved in face of the unprecedented and prolonged coronavirus pandemic? There is a vast and rapidly growing literature that has examined the impact of the pandemic on mental health both on the shorter (2020) and longer (2021) term. This not only concerns pandemic-related effects on resilience in the general population, but also how the pandemic has challenged stress resilience and mental health outcomes across more specific vulnerable population groups: patients with a psychiatric disorder, COVID-19 diagnosed patients, health care workers, children and adolescents, pregnant women, and elderly people. It is challenging to keep up to date with, and interpret, this rapidly increasing scientific literature. In this review, we provide a critical overview on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health and how human stress resilience has been shaped by the pandemic on the shorter and longer term. The vast literature is dominated by a wealth of data which are, however, not always of the highest quality and heavily depend on online and self-report surveys. Nevertheless, it appears that we have proven surprisingly resilient over time, with fast recovery from COVID-19 measures. Still, vulnerable groups such as adolescents and health care personnel that have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic do exist. Large interindividual differences exist, and for future pandemics there is a clear need to comprehensively and integratively assess resilience from the start to provide personalized help and interventions tailored to the specific needs for vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Abbreviation
| | - Anouk W Gathier
- Department of Psychiatry (GGZ inGeest), Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Vrije University, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institutes, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hale Yapici-Eser
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Department of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan I Bisson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John F Cryan
- Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oliver D Howes
- King's College London, London, SE5 8AF Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN Lundbeck A/v, Valby, Denmark
| | - Luisa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nic J van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, LUMC Neuroscience and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Igor Branchi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry (GGZ inGeest), Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Vrije University, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience research institutes, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC (location VUmc), Vrije University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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3
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Greenhalgh T, Katzourakis A, Wyatt TD, Griffin S. Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17270.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces, especially among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There was no evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are effective. Conclusions: The above evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Those seeking to provide a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform their efforts.
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Greenhalgh T, Katzourakis A, Wyatt TD, Griffin S. Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:282. [PMID: 34796281 PMCID: PMC8567688 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17270.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread. Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission. Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn. Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no "safe" distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls-ventilation (while monitoring CO 2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There is evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are ineffective. Conclusions: The above six evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Staff and students seeking to negotiate a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO 2 levels, room occupancy) to inform conversations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXFORDSHIRE, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Aris Katzourakis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXFORDSHIRE, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Tristram D. Wyatt
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OXFORDSHIRE, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Stephen Griffin
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, YORKSHIRE, LS9 7TF, UK
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Ayuso-Mateos JL, Mediavilla R, Rodriguez KR, Bravo MF. Informing the response to COVID-19 in Spain: priorities for mental health research. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021; 14:79-82. [PMID: 33992223 PMCID: PMC8114090 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa),, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - K R Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - M F Bravo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Ayuso-Mateos JL, Mediavilla R, Rodriguez KR, Bravo MF. Informing the response to COVID-19 in Spain: priorities for mental health research. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021; 14:79-82. [PMID: 34127209 PMCID: PMC8193968 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa),, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - K R Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - M F Bravo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental. CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gorwood
- INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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