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O'Donovan D, Boland C, Carballedo A. Current trends in restrictive interventions in psychiatry: a European perspective. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2022.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This article reviews current evidence on the use of coercive measures, including seclusion and restraint, in psychiatric in-patient settings in Europe. There is a particular focus on evidence regarding the use of mechanical restraint. The review seeks to describe when the use of restrictive interventions such as restraint may be necessary, to explore the use of restraint in certain specialist settings and to investigate current laws and European policies on seclusion and restraint. The current rates of restraint in European psychiatric settings are explored, with a discussion of the limitations of the evidence currently available. The article discusses various consequences of seclusion and restraint, potential alternatives to their use and strategies to minimise their use and harm to patients. The use of coercive measures from an international context is considered, to provide context.
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Carmassi C, Cordone A, Bertelloni CA, Cappelli A, Pedrinelli V, Sampogna G, Massimetti G, Dell'Oste V, Dell'Osso L. A longitudinal study of post-traumatic stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms trajectories in subjects with Bipolar Disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e8. [PMID: 35022099 PMCID: PMC8853854 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is recognized to be at high risk for developing negative psychopathological sequelae to potentially traumatic events. Nevertheless, scant data are still available about the effects of the COVID-19 emergency on the clinical course of BD. The present study examined prospectively the development and trajectories of post-traumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms among subjects with BD that were followed in an outpatient psychiatric clinic at the time of pandemic onset. Methods A cohort of 89 subjects with BD was enrolled during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed at baseline (T0), 2-months (T1), and 6-months (T2) follow-up. A K-means cluster analysis was used to identify distinct trajectories of depressive, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms during the three time points. Results We identified three trajectories: the Acute reaction (13.5%); the Increasing severity (23.6%); and the Low symptoms (62.9%) groups, respectively. In the Acute reaction group a significant prevalence of female gender was reported with respect to the Low symptoms one. Subjects in the Increasing severity group reported significantly lower employment rate, and higher rate of relatives at risk for COVID-19 medical complications. Subjects in the Increasing Severity group reported higher rates of previous hospitalization and manic symptoms at baseline than those included in the Low symptoms one. Conclusions Our results describe three distinct symptom trajectories during the COVID-19 emergency in a cohort of subjects suffering from BD, suggesting the need of a long-term follow-up for detecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cordone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Pedrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Dell'Oste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ghuloum S, Makki I, Eltorki YH, Abdallah O, Alanzy FF, Khoodoruth MAS, Ali MF, Al-Amin H. Knowledge, attitude, and practice related to COVID-19: A comparison between patients with mental illness and the general population in Qatar. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1013096. [PMID: 36339829 PMCID: PMC9630839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1013096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health pandemic. The rapid spread and high fatalities associated with COVID-19 have increased interest in assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) toward this illness among the general population in comparison to specific subgroups. Most publications to date have explored KAP among the general public, healthcare providers, and people with chronic conditions, but not amongst those with mental illness. Yet, research has shown patients with mental illness are at higher risk of poor outcomes related to infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The objective of this study is to compare KAP toward COVID-19 between people with mental illness and the general public. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, done over 3°months in 2020, to compare KAP during the COVID-19 pandemic in three groups: outpatients from outpatient Psychiatry clinics (N = 165), inpatients admitted to a Psychiatry ward (N = 100), and the general public (N = 345). KAP parameters were assessed through online surveys. RESULTS The proportion of subjects in the public group (84.8%) giving the correct responses to most Knowledge questions was significantly higher than those in the inpatient and outpatient groups. Compared to the public and inpatient groups, subjects in the outpatient group (92.7%) were significantly more optimistic and confident that COVID-19 would be brought under control. A higher proportion of subjects from the general public (82.9%) indicated that they attended crowded places and were more compliant in wearing masks. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that poorer COVID-19 knowledge was associated with being single and having a young age (18-29), with both inpatients and outpatients and with primary-or secondary-level education. CONCLUSION Patient populations, both inpatients and outpatients, had inadequate Knowledge, more positive attitudes and confidence regarding the outcome of COVID-19, and less safe practices than the public. This highlights the need for targeted approaches around COVID-19 and pandemics in general in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila Ghuloum
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Makki
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Oraib Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Mohamed F Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassen Al-Amin
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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The Early Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health Facilities and Psychiatric Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158034. [PMID: 34360334 PMCID: PMC8345711 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: While in many countries, the psychiatric and mental health sectors had been in crisis for years, the onset of a novel coronavirus pandemic impacted their structures, organizations, and professionals worldwide. (2) Methods: To document the early impacts of the COVID-19 health crisis on psychiatry and mental health sectors, a systematic review of the international literature published in 2020 was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), Cairn.info, and SantéPsy (Ascodocpsy) databases. (3) Results: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 articles from scientific journals were selected, including papers documenting the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organization of psychiatric care delivery, work processes in psychiatry and mental health units, and personal experiences of mental health professionals. This review identified the contributions aimed at preventing the onset of mental disorders in the early stages of the health crisis. It lists the organizational changes that have been implemented in the first place to ensure continuity of psychiatric care while reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. It questions the evolution of the rights and duties of mental health professionals in the first months of the pandemic. (4) Discussion and conclusions: Although this literature review exclusively documented the early impacts of the COVID-19 health crisis, it is of significant interest, as it pictures the unprecedent situation in which psychiatry and mental health care professionals found themselves in the first stages of the pandemic. This work is a preliminary step of a study to be conducted with mental health professionals on an international scale—the Psy-GIPO2C project—based on more than 15 group interviews, 30 individual interviews, and 2000 questionnaires. The final aim of this study is to formulate concrete recommendations for decision-makers to improve work in psychiatry and mental health.
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Faltraco F, Palm D, Coogan A, Uzoni A, Duwe I, Simon F, Tucha O, Thome J. Remdesivir shifts circadian rhythmicity to eveningness; similar to the most prevalent chronotype in ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1159-1168. [PMID: 34273024 PMCID: PMC8285716 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks control immunity and virus replication, as well as pharmacokinetics and efficacy therapeutics. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of these relationships by measuring circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after remdesivir exposure. In the current study, we analysed circadian gene expression in a cohort of participants without a neuropsychiatric diagnosis. After ex vivo exposure to remdesivir to human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cultures and dexamethasone synchronization, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1) was analysed via qRT-PCR. In this study, D-MEQ scores indicated that participants without a neuropsychiatric diagnosis had no evening preference. Remdesivir leads to a slight phase-shift in Clock, Per1 and Per2. Significant different expressions of Bmal1 and Per3 were detected after remdesivir exposure: Bmal1 at ZT8 (t(22) = 3.26, p = 0.004), ZT24 (t(22) = - 2.66, p = 0.015), ZT28 (t(20) = - 2.14, p = 0.045) and Per3 at ZT8 (t(22) = - 4.27, p < 0.001) and ZT12 (t(22) = - 2.61, p = 0.016). A significant difference between chronotype and circadian gene expression for Bmal1, Cry1 and Per3 was observed. The present study shows that remdesivir has an impact on circadian function. It is well known that the circadian rhythm effects sleep and, moreover, sleep quality. The results suggest that remdesivir medication may alter sleep quality in participants without a neuropsychiatric diagnosis and shifts chronotype to eveningness; similar as prevalent in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Isabell Duwe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
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Marazziti D, Cianconi P, Mucci F, Foresi L, Chiarantini I, Della Vecchia A. Climate change, environment pollution, COVID-19 pandemic and mental health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145182. [PMID: 33940721 PMCID: PMC7825818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Converging data would indicate the existence of possible relationships between climate change, environmental pollution and epidemics/pandemics, such as the current one due to SARS-CoV-2 virus. Each of these phenomena has been supposed to provoke detrimental effects on mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to review the available scientific literature on these variables in order to suggest and comment on their eventual synergistic effects on mental health. The available literature report that climate change, air pollution and COVID-19 pandemic might influence mental health, with disturbances ranging from mild negative emotional responses to full-blown psychiatric conditions, specifically, anxiety and depression, stress/trauma-related disorders, and substance abuse. The most vulnerable groups include elderly, children, women, people with pre-existing health problems especially mental illnesses, subjects taking some types of medication including psychotropic drugs, individuals with low socio-economic status, and immigrants. It is evident that COVID-19 pandemic uncovers all the fragility and weakness of our ecosystem, and inability to protect ourselves from pollutants. Again, it underlines our faults and neglect towards disasters deriving from climate change or pollution, or the consequences of human activities irrespective of natural habitats and constantly increasing the probability of spillover of viruses from animals to humans. In conclusion, the psychological/psychiatric consequences of COVID-19 pandemic, that currently seem unavoidable, represent a sharp cue of our misconception and indifference towards the links between our behaviour and their influence on the "health" of our planet and of ourselves. It is time to move towards a deeper understanding of these relationships, not only for our survival, but for the maintenance of that balance among man, animals and environment at the basis of life in earth, otherwise there will be no future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy; UniCamillus - Saint Camillus University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Cianconi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, North-Western Tuscany Region, NHS Local Health Unit, Italy
| | - Lara Foresi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiarantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Rojnic Kuzman M, Vahip S, Fiorillo A, Beezhold J, Pinto da Costa M, Skugarevsky O, Dom G, Pajevic I, Peles AM, Mohr P, Kleinberg A, Chkonia E, Balazs J, Flannery W, Mazaliauskiene R, Chihai J, Samochowiec J, Cozman D, Mihajlovic G, Izakova L, Arango C, Goorwod P. Mental health services during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: Results from the EPA Ambassadors Survey and implications for clinical practice. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e41. [PMID: 34103102 PMCID: PMC8314055 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented worldwide crisis affecting several sectors, including health, social care, economy and society at large. The World Health Organisation has emphasized that mental health care should be considered as one of the core sectors within the overall COVID-19 health response. By March 2020, recommendations for the organization of mental health services across Europe have been developed by several national and international mental health professional associations. Methods The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) surveyed a large European sample of psychiatrists, namely the “EPA Ambassadors”, on their clinical experience of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of psychiatric patients during the month of April 2020 in order to: a) identify and report the views and experiences of European psychiatrists; and b) represent and share these results with mental health policy makers at European level. Based on the recommendations issued by national psychiatric associations and on the results of our survey, we identified important organisational aspects of mental health care during the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19. Results While most of the recommendations followed the same principles, significant differences between countries emerged in service delivery, mainly relating to referrals to outpatients and for inpatient admission, assessments and treatment for people with mental disorders. Compared to previous months, the mean number of patients treated by psychiatrists in outpatient settings halved in April 2020. In the same period, the number of mentally ill patients tested for, or developing, COVID-19 was low. In most of countries, traditional face-to-face visits were replaced by online remote consultations. Conclusions Based on our findings we recommend: 1) to implement professional guidelines into practice and harmonize psychiatric clinical practice across Europe; 2) to monitor the treatment outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing mental disorders; 3) to keep psychiatric services active by using all available options (for example telepsychiatry); 4) to increase communication and cooperation between different health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simavi Vahip
- Department of Psychiatry, Ege University Medicine Faculty, Affective Disorders Unit, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Julian Beezhold
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Pinto da Costa
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oleg Skugarevsky
- Psychiatry & Medical Psychology Department, Belarusian Psychiatric Association, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Geert Dom
- Belgian Professional Association of Medical Specialists in Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Izet Pajevic
- Department of Psychiatry University Clinical Center Tuzla, School of Medicine University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina Psychiatric Association of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Tuzla, Bosnia-Herzegovina
| | - Alma Mihaljevic Peles
- Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Psychiatric Association, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pavel Mohr
- Czech Psychiatric Association, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Kleinberg
- Tallinn Children Hospital Children Mental Health, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eka Chkonia
- Estonian Psychiatric Association, Centre Tartu University Psychiatry Clinic, TartuEstonia.,Society of Georgian Psychiatrists, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Judit Balazs
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Hungarian Psychiatric Association, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Flannery
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, College of Psychiatrists of Ireland, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ramune Mazaliauskiene
- Lithuanian Psychiatric Association, Lithuanian Health Sciences university, Psychiatric Clinic, Lithuanian Health Sciences university Kaunas hospital, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jana Chihai
- Society of Psychiatrists, Narcologists, Psychotherapists and Clinical Psychologists from Republic of Moldova, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Medical Psychology State Medical and Pharmaceutical University "Nicolae Testemitanu" from Republic of Moldova, Kishinev, Moldova
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Polish Psychiatric Association, Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Poland, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Doina Cozman
- Romanian Association of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Goran Mihajlovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lubomira Izakova
- Slovak Psychiatric Association, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip Goorwod
- INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
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Legrand G, Boisgard C, Canac B, Cardinaud Z, Gorla MG, Gregoire E, Jamon C, Oussal T, Vaury P. Organisation and timeline of measures in French psychiatric establishments during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic: EvOlu'Psy study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:284. [PMID: 34074271 PMCID: PMC8169419 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of COVID-19 required rapid organisational changes in the mental health domain. Most mental health-care departments appear to have set up infection control measures and also organised planning, coordination and measures that enabled them to provide psychiatric care in a restrictive environment. Our objective was to assess the organisation by psychiatric facilities in France of their response to COVID-19, during the first wave. METHODS In June 2020, a cross-sectional study was performed by an audit with 48 items which was proposed to 331 hospitals in metropolitan France with a capacity for full-time, that is, inpatient psychiatric hospitalisation of adults. RESULTS Of the 331 establishments contacted, 94 (28.4%) agreed to respond to the survey questionnaire. Full-time inpatient hospitalisation was completely or partially maintained by 94.7% (n = 89) of facilities. Specific measures concerning respect for patients' rights were reported by 58% (n = 55) of establishments. Overall, 74.5% (n = 70) had set up a dedicated channel of care for patients at risk of severe COVID-19, and 52.1% (n = 49) a system for routine screening at admission for these risk factors. Nearly half the establishments (48.9%, n = 46) reported they had set up specific training programmes for patients about barrier measures and social distancing. CONCLUSIONS French psychiatric establishments on the whole were able to provide a necessary reorganisation of their management of patients and their families, regardless of facility status. Patients' rights nonetheless seem to have not received the attention they merited during the early pandemic period. Somatic management of patients with mental illness must absolutely be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Clermont-Ferrand, 33 Rue Gabriel Péri, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Catherine Boisgard
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Clermont-Ferrand, 33 Rue Gabriel Péri, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Rodez, Cayssiols, 12510, Rodez, France
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Nice, 87 Avenue Joseph Raybaud, 06100, Nice, France
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie du Puy-en-Velay, 50 Route de Montredon, 43009, Le Puy-en-Velay, France
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Rodez, 19 Cours du Temple, 07000, Privas, France
| | - Bernard Canac
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Rodez, Cayssiols, 12510, Rodez, France
| | - Zuzana Cardinaud
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Clermont-Ferrand, 33 Rue Gabriel Péri, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michela Giugiario Gorla
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Nice, 87 Avenue Joseph Raybaud, 06100, Nice, France
| | - Elisabeth Gregoire
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Clermont-Ferrand, 33 Rue Gabriel Péri, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Jamon
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie du Puy-en-Velay, 50 Route de Montredon, 43009, Le Puy-en-Velay, France
| | - Tarik Oussal
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Rodez, 19 Cours du Temple, 07000, Privas, France
| | - Pascal Vaury
- Association Hospitalière Sainte-Marie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Marie de Clermont-Ferrand, 33 Rue Gabriel Péri, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gorwood
- INSERM, U1266 (Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Giallonardo V, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, Nanni MG, Pompili M, Sani G, Tortorella A, Volpe U. Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e87. [PMID: 32981568 PMCID: PMC7556907 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the "lockdown" on March 8, 2020. METHODS The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21.According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9-15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste and Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina – ASUGI, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell’Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco and Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Volpe
- Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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