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Porfyri GN, Athanasiadou M, Siokas V, Angelopoulos K, Skarpari S, Zagalioti SC, Dardiotis E, Rudolf J, Deretzi G, Konsta A, Diakogiannis I. Mental illness through the perspective of undergraduate medical students in Greece: a cross-sectional study at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1228539. [PMID: 38025465 PMCID: PMC10646174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1228539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies reveal that mental health-related stigma, stereotypes, and prejudices negatively affect the patients, jeopardizing their health, prognosis, and social opportunities. Healthcare professionals, who are in the first line of combating mental disease, are expected to play a significant role in drastically changing discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes toward psychiatric patients and in diminishing the existing healthcare and social disparities. In this study, we aimed to explore and highlight the views of Greek medical students-that is of the future physicians-toward mental illness and people suffering from it. Materials and methods It is a cross-sectional, observational study, in which 324 undergraduate students from the most populous Greek medical school of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, participated online, during the spring semester of 2022. The tools used were the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (OMI) that assesses one's viewpoints about mental illness, the Social Distance Scale (SDS) that captures the desired degree of social distancing from patients with mental disorders, and the Level of Contact Report (LCR-12) that estimates the level of familiarity with them. Results Participants displayed rather positive attitudes regarding the etiology of mental illness, social integration, and discrimination toward psychiatric patients [as evaluated with the respective OMI subscales; Etiology mean score (μ):8.87 ± 4.68, Social Integration (μ):17.79 ± 5.42, Social Discrimination (μ):13.54 ± 11.17], and more clearly favorable opinions concerning the need for social provision or the enactment of restrictive measures [as expressed with the relative OMI subscales; Social Care (μ):22.74 ± 4.56, Social Restriction (μ):13.27 ± 8.98], while claiming to be quite familiar with mental disorders and individuals experiencing them (as assessed with LCR; μ: 8.71 ± 2.16), and relatively willing to interact with them (as measured with SDS; μ:8.95 ± 4.23). Degree of familiarity with mental illness was directly proportional to the desire for contact with patients living with it, while the higher both were, the more improved most of the aforementioned OMI sectors were found to be. Female sex, clinical medical education, previous clinical psychiatric training, and living with or being a person with a mental disorder were the factors that defined a statistically refined profile in many of the aspects above. Conclusion Our findings are in accordance with many prior and recent studies, while showing improved opinions compared to those of previous research in Greek student and healthcare population. They are calling for vigilance, rather than complacency, as well as educational and social interventions, in order to enable current and future healthcare professionals to perform their function to its fullest extent. Implications of our results and further research suggestions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Nektaria Porfyri
- First Psychiatric Clinic, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Athanasiadou
- First Psychiatric Clinic, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Skarpari
- Department of Neurology, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia-Chrysovalantou Zagalioti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Jobst Rudolf
- Department of Neurology, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Konsta
- First Psychiatric Clinic, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Diakogiannis
- First Psychiatric Clinic, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rudoler D, Lavergne MR, Marshall EG, Zaheer J, Etches S, Good KP, Grudniewicz A, Katz A, Kurdyak P, Bolton J, Kaoser R, Moravac C, Morrison J, Mulsant B, Peterson S, Tibbo PG. Pan-Canadian study of psychiatric care (PCPC): protocol for a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073183. [PMID: 37463812 PMCID: PMC10357719 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Canadian population has poor and inequitable access to psychiatric care despite a steady per-capita supply of psychiatrists in most provinces. There is some quantitative evidence that practice style and characteristics vary substantially among psychiatrists. However, how this compares across jurisdictions and implications for workforce planning require further study. A qualitative exploration of psychiatrists' preferences for practice style and the practice choices that result is also lacking. The goal of this study is to inform psychiatrist workforce planning to improve access to psychiatric care by: (1) developing and evaluating comparable indicators of supply of psychiatric care across provinces, (2) analysing variations and changes in the characteristics of the psychiatrist workforce, including demographics and practice style and (3) studying psychiatrist practice choices and intentions, and the factors that lead to these choices. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A cross-provincial mixed-methods study will be conducted in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Nova Scotia. We will analyse linked-health administrative data within three of the four provinces to develop comparable indicators of supply and characterise psychiatric services at the regional level within provinces. We will use latent profile analysis to estimate the probability that a psychiatrist is in a particular practice style and map the geographical distribution of psychiatrist practices overlayed with measures of need for psychiatric care. We will also conduct in-depth, semistructured qualitative interviews with psychiatrists in each province to explore their preferences and practice choices and to inform workforce planning. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Ontario Tech University Research Ethics Board (16637 and 16795) and institutions affiliated with the study team. We built a team comprising experienced researchers, psychiatrists, medical educators and policymakers in mental health services and workforce planning to disseminate knowledge that will support effective human resource policies to improve access to psychiatric care in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rudoler
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Ruth Lavergne
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emily Gard Marshall
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Juveria Zaheer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Selene Etches
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kimberley P Good
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Agnes Grudniewicz
- Telfer School of Management University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Bolton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ridhwana Kaoser
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University at Harbour Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Moravac
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jason Morrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Benoit Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Peterson
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Phil G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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A Systematic Review on Prevalence and Perceived Impacts of Associative stigma on Mental Health Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Agathou S, Stratis A, Routh J, Paramasivam SJ. Professional stereotypes among specialties and fields of work within the veterinary community. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e1486. [PMID: 35257378 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical specialties hold varying degrees of prestige, stemming from the existence of stereotypes among them. These have been shown to lead to prejudice against specific specialists, which not only influences career choices but also affects the perception of equality among specialties. METHOD The aim of the research was to determine the presence of stereotypes in the UK veterinary community. Using an online questionnaire, participants were asked to provide an adjective that best characterises 15 specialties, in addition to their perceptions on prestige and gender association. Word cloud analysis coupled with sentiment analysis in Python using the language processing software Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) was used to assess sentiments with respect to the adjectives. RESULTS There were 665 questionnaire respondents, and there was evidence of their construction of specialty-specific stereotypes. Some specialties were perceived more negatively than others, including equine general practitioners, surgeons, pathologists, dermatologists and public health veterinarians/epidemiologists. Gender bias was identified within this study, most prominently within production animal and behavioural medicine veterinarians. The most prestigious specialties were neurology, surgery and cardiology. CONCLUSION Specialty-specific stereotypes exist within the veterinary community. Acknowledging their existence is a first step to recognising the influence they have on career choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Agathou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Routh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Munir K, Oner O, Kerala C, Rustamov I, Boztas H, Juszkiewicz K, Wloszczak-Szubzda A, Kalmatayeva Z, Iskandarova A, Zeynalli S, Cibrev D, Kosherbayeva L, Miriyeva N, Jarosz MJ, Kurakbayev K, Soroka E, Mancevska S, Novruzova N, Emin M, Olajossy M, Bajraktarov S, Raleva M, Roy A, Waqar Azeem M, Bertelli M, Salvador-Carulla L, Javed A. Social distance and stigma towards persons with serious mental illness among medical students in five European Central Asia countries. Psychiatry Res 2022; 309:114409. [PMID: 35121341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated behavioral measures of social distance (i.e., desired proximity between self and others in social contexts) as an index of stigma against those with mental illness among medical students in the Republic of North Macedonia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Poland, using the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), a standardized, self-administered behavioral measure based on the Star Social Distance Scale. The students' responses to standardized clinical vignettes on schizophrenia, and depression with suicidal ideation, were also assessed. A total of 257 North Macedonian (females, 31.5%; 1-4 grades, 189; 5-6 grades, 68); 268 Turkish (females, 43.3%; 1-4 grades, 90; 5-6 grades, 178); 450 Kazakh (females, 28.4%, 71.6%; 1-4 grades, 312; 5-6 grades, 138); 512 Azerbaijani (females, 24%; 1-4 grades, 468; 5-6 grades, 44; females, 24%), and 317 Polish (females, 59.0%; 1-4 grades, 208; 5-6 grades, 109) students were surveyed. The responses on the RIBS social distance behavior measures did not improve with advancing medical school grade, but students across all sites viewed schizophrenia and depression as real medical illnesses. The results support the development of enhanced range of integrated training opportunities for medical student to socially interact with persons with mental illness sharing their experiences with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Munir
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ozgur Oner
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Coskun Kerala
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | | | | | - Konrad Juszkiewicz
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | - Dragan Cibrev
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Lyazzat Kosherbayeva
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanja Mancevska
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Economics and Innovation, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Melda Emin
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | | | - Stojan Bajraktarov
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Marija Raleva
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Ashok Roy
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muhammad Waqar Azeem
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marco Bertelli
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; CREA (Centro Ricerca E Ambulatori), Fondazione San Sebastiano, Florence, Italy
| | - Luis Salvador-Carulla
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Afzal Javed
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK
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Li X, Ai M, Chen X, Gan Y, He J, Tian Y, Zhai J, Yang H, Kuang L. Attitudes Toward Psychiatry Among Medical Students With a Psychiatric Major at Chongqing Medical University. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:820060. [PMID: 35237193 PMCID: PMC8882591 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the attitudes of medical students with a psychiatry major toward psychiatry at Chongqing medical university in China and to find out factors influencing students' career choice. METHODS The present study used an online web survey tool to assess the attitudes toward psychiatry amongst 422 students majoring in psychiatry at Chongqing medical university in China using sociodemographic and Attitudes Toward Psychiatry-30 items (ATP-30) scales. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to examine associated factors. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-nine students (87%) answered the questionnaire. Nearly 54.5% of participants had overall positive attitudes to psychiatry and 80.8% thought psychiatrist could be a career choice. Of the students, 5.1% showed that they did not want to be a psychiatrist while the remaining 14.1% were undecided. The first and fifth year students showed less desire to be a psychiatrist (74.3 and 69.8%, respectively); the highest percentage recorded is of the third year (90.6%). Female participants, in contact with patients suffering from mental illness, were willing to study psychiatry as a master degree and see good prospects were positive factors in choosing psychiatry as a career. CONCLUSIONS Students generally have good expectations toward psychiatry, but different opinions are also held and the field is still faced with various challenges in order to provide more psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinglan He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of the First Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoling Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Medina-Ortiz O, Pulido L, Sanchez-Mora N, Bermudez V, Pailhez G. Attitudes of Medical Students Towards Psychiatry in Venezuela: a 6-Year Longitudinal Study. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:733-737. [PMID: 33580879 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated changes in attitude towards psychiatry of medical students in one medical school in Venezuela. METHODS Balon's modified questionnaire was administered to first and sixth-year medical students to analyze their attitude towards psychiatry. The answers were compared with McNemar's test. RESULTS The students' negative perception of psychiatry increased by the end of medical school with 45% of sixth-year students reportedly feeling uncomfortable when working with patients with psychiatric illness compared to only 8.3% of first-year medical students. Interest in specializing in psychiatry decreased from 2.6% in first-year medical students to 0% in sixth-year medical students (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Different factors may lead to the loss of interest in psychiatry of medical students in Venezuela, such as little time spent with patients, being in contact only with patients with psychosis, stigma about psychiatry among medical doctors and friends, feeling more comfortable with other specialties, and other specialties having a higher perceived status and being better paid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Medina-Ortiz
- Simón Bolívar University, Cúcuta, Colombia.
- University of Los Andes, San Cristóbal, Venezuela.
| | - Luis Pulido
- University of Los Andes, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | | | - Valmore Bermudez
- Simón Bolívar University, Cúcuta, Colombia
- University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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El Hage S, Daou L, Sayde G, Daaboul M, Hallit S, Salameh P. Attitudes Towards Psychiatry in Lebanese Medical Students: What Are the Factors that Could Lead to a More Favorable Outlook? ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:681-687. [PMID: 33942240 PMCID: PMC8092969 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to assess the attitudes towards psychiatry of all Lebanese medical students, as well as the factors that could have led to these attitudes, whether favorable or not. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the authors ran a questionnaire among a sample of Lebanese medical students from all medical faculties, regions in Lebanon, and years of medical school, using the ATP-30 scale and the WHO-5 well-being index. The answers from the 607 participants were statistically analyzed on SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS Among participants, 95.1% had a positive attitude towards psychiatry, reflecting a favorable outlook among Lebanese medical students overall. The average ATP-30 score in our sample was 111.95 out of 150 (SD = 12.55), which is in the range of countries of higher socio-economic level such as Germany and Switzerland. Also, 26.5% of participants reported that they consider psychiatry as a potential career choice. No demographic factor had any influence on the ATP-30 score. In the multivariate analysis, only two factors resulted in favorable attitudes: exposure to a patient with a diagnosed psychiatric illness in the student's surroundings and a lower WHO-5 well-being index. CONCLUSION This study's results do not fit into the traditional "developed vs. developing countries" paradigm. However, Lebanon still has a lot of challenges to face in order to provide quality mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Léa Daou
- Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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The Assessment of Attitudes of Medical Doctors towards Psychiatric Patients-A Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126419. [PMID: 34199325 PMCID: PMC8296253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Stigmatization is a multi-level process leading to depreciation of particular social groups. It is particularly visible among people suffering from mental illnesses. Patient stigmatization is a serious problem in psychiatric care; thus, a reliable assessment of its level is important in the context of effective medical interventions. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of stigmatization of psychiatric patients among doctors. (2) Methods: An online, quantitative, CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) study was conducted in the form of an anonymous, voluntary survey addressed to doctors working in Poland. The questionnaire questions included a socio-geographic assessment and questions assessing the level of stigmatization. A standardized psychometric tool, the MICA-4 Scale for doctors, was also used. The results obtained were compared with the evaluation of the existing reports on stigmatization among Polish society. (3) Results: 501 doctors of various specialties and at various stages of career participated in the study. Most of the respondents were women (75%). The average score of MICA-4 obtained by the respondents was 40.26 (minimum 17; maximum 67; SD 8.93). The women’s score was lower than the men’s (p = 0.034). (4) Conclusions: Stigmatization of psychiatric patients is a common phenomenon among doctors. The type of performed work and career stage has an impact on the perception of psychiatric patients. Specialists scored highest in the MICA-4 Scale, similarly to physicians of surgical fields. Due to the prevalence of the phenomenon of stigmatization, especially among people who are meant to provide patients with help, there is an urgent need to implement anti-stigma programs.
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Masedo A, Grandón P, Saldivia S, Vielma-Aguilera A, Castro-Alzate ES, Bustos C, Romero-López-Alberca C, Pena-Andreu JM, Xavier M, Moreno-Küstner B. A multicentric study on stigma towards people with mental illness in health sciences students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:324. [PMID: 34092225 PMCID: PMC8183042 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of negative attitudes among health professionals towards people with mental illness but there is also a knowledge gap on what training must be given to these health professionals during their education. The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of students of health sciences: nursing, medical, occupational therapy, and psychology. METHODS A comparative and cross-sectional study in which 927 final-year students from health sciences university programmes were evaluated using the Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (both MICA-2 and MICA-4) scale. The sample was taken in six universities from Chile and Spain. RESULTS We found consistent results indicating that stigma varies across university programmes. Medical and nursing students showed more negative attitudes than psychology and occupational therapy students in several stigma-related themes: recovery, dangerousness, uncomfortability, disclosure, and discriminatory behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a relevant description of the attitudes of each university programme for education against stigma in the formative years. Results show that the biomedical understanding of mental disorders can have negative effects on attitudes, and that education based on the psychosocial model allows a more holistic view of the person over the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Masedo
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- MARISTAN Network, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pamela Grandón
- MARISTAN Network, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sandra Saldivia
- MARISTAN Network, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Vielma-Aguilera
- Doctorate in Mental Health. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Elvis S Castro-Alzate
- Doctorate in Mental Health. Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Human Rehabilitation School, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Claudio Bustos
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristina Romero-López-Alberca
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Miguel Pena-Andreu
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Xavier
- MARISTAN Network, Málaga, Spain
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- MARISTAN Network, Málaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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Motlová LB, Janoušková M, Formánek T, Goetz M, Holub D, Hubeňák J, Kašpárek T, Látalová K, Papežová H, Světlák M, Šilhán P, Trančík P, Vevera J, Balon R. Medical Students' Career Choice and Attitudes Toward Psychiatry: Case of the Czech Republic. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:751-755. [PMID: 33000447 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A survey among medical students of all medical schools in the Czech Republic was conducted to investigate attitudes and views of psychiatry and career choice of psychiatry. METHODS A Czech version of the Attitudes to Psychiatry Scale (APS) and a questionnaire surveying demographic characteristics and choices of future specialty were distributed to all medical students of eight medical schools in the Czech Republic via the schools' internal communication systems in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire. RESULTS Out of a total of 10,147 medical students in the Czech Republic (academic year 2019/2020), 2418 students participated in the survey (response rate 23.8%). Psychiatry as a non-exclusive career choice was considered by 31.3% respondents; child and adolescent psychiatry was considered by 15.4% respondents. Psychiatry as the only choice was considered by 1.6%, and child and adolescent psychiatry was not considered at all. The interest in both specialties was declining since the first year of study. The status of psychiatry among other medical specialties was perceived as low; students were rather discouraged from entering psychiatry by their families. They did not feel encouraged by their teachers to pursue career in psychiatry despite the fact that they were interested in psychiatry. They also felt uncomfortable with patients with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Despite high enthusiasm for psychiatry in the first year of medical school, only a small proportion of medical students consider to choose psychiatry, and especially child and adolescent psychiatry, as a career at the end of medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomáš Formánek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Goetz
- Charles University Second Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Holub
- Charles University First Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hubeňák
- Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Látalová
- University Palacky Olomouc Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Charles University First Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Šilhán
- University of Ostrava Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trančík
- Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vevera
- Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Balon
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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12
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Looi JCL, Anderson K, Bonner D, Maguire P, Reay R. Student evaluations of teaching (SET): implications for medical education in psychiatry and an approach to evaluating SET and student performance. Australas Psychiatry 2020; 28:463-465. [PMID: 32438873 DOI: 10.1177/1039856220924327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present reflections on student evaluation of teaching (SET) in the context of recent higher educational research that assesses SET, as well as concurrent and/or subsequent student performance. CONCLUSIONS In a sense, there is in-built cynicism in SET, with more favourable SET for easier assessment. There is emerging evidence that SET is inversely proportional to the performance of students in subsequent courses, i.e. the higher the ratings, the poorer the students perform in subsequent studies. It is proposed that SET should be combined with contemporaneous formative and summative assessments of student performance in medical school settings, especially in psychiatry education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C L Looi
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katrina Anderson
- Academic Unit of General Practice, ANU Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Daniel Bonner
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Paul Maguire
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rebecca Reay
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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13
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Pandian H, Mohamedali Z, Chapman GE, Vinchenzo P, Ahmed S, Mulliez Z, Bruce H, Burn W, Korszun A, Tracy DK. Psych Socs: student-led psychiatry societies, an untapped resource for recruitment and reducing stigma. BJPsych Bull 2020; 44:91-95. [PMID: 31950893 PMCID: PMC8058822 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2019.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical recruitment and retention are national problems. Psychiatry has been more affected than many specialties, as a result of stigma from the public and other healthcare professionals. The Royal College of Psychiatrists has undertaken several initiatives to redress this, notably the 'Choose Psychiatry' campaign. In this editorial we argue that student-led university psychiatry societies are a wonderful but frequently untapped resource to help attract the brightest and best medical students to our profession. We describe the activities of three 'Psych Socs' across the UK and propose next steps to continue this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George E Chapman
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.,Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, UK
| | | | - Suhana Ahmed
- South West London & St Georges NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Helen Bruce
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | | | - Ania Korszun
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventative Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Derek K Tracy
- Oxleas NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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14
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Abstract
SummaryPsychiatry recruitment in the UK is in crisis. In this paper we review reasons and solutions for the current predicament, focusing on the UK situation. We assert that there are specific national issues over and above more general and well-established ones, such as stigma and bad-mouthing, which need to be considered. These include factors that are an unintended consequence of recent changes in postgraduate training, as well as the organisation of the National Health Service. We conclude with some suggestions for psychiatrists, whether trainee or consultant, to help address the situation.
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15
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Archdall C, Atapattu T, Anderson E. Qualitative study of medical students' experiences of a psychiatric attachment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.112.039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aims and methodThis study utilised qualitative methods to explore medical students' experiences of a clinical attachment in psychiatry and examine the impact of these on career intentions. Fifteen 4th-year students from the University of Bristol were interviewed and their responses analysed.ResultsFour key themes of role models, difference, stigma and career choice emerged from the analysis. Role models could be more influential than the specialty when choosing career options. Many students experienced psychiatry as being different to other specialties. For some this was a reason not to pursue psychiatry as a career but for others it was a positive aspect of the specialty. Stigma arose from a variety of sources, notably from medical students themselves.Clinical implicationsThese findings are relevant given the current recruitment problems in psychiatry and need to be considered in the planning and delivery of undergraduate medical education.
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Choudry A, Farooq S. Systematic review into factors associated with the recruitment crisis in psychiatry in the UK: students', trainees' and consultants' views. BJPsych Bull 2017; 41:345-352. [PMID: 29234513 PMCID: PMC5709685 DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.116.055269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and method To review the literature to examine the factors that may be affecting recruitment into psychiatry in the UK. We systematically searched four databases to identify studies from 1974 to 2016 and identified 27 papers that met the specified inclusion criteria. Results Most papers (n = 24) were based on questionnaire surveys. The population in all studies comprised of 1879 psychiatrists, 6733 students and 220 746 trainees. About 4-7% of students opt for a career in psychiatry. Enrichment activities helped to attract students more towards psychiatry than just total time spent in the specialty. Job content in terms of the lack of scientific basis, poor prognosis and stigma towards psychiatry, work-related stress and problems with training jobs were common barriers highlighted among students and trainees, affecting recruitment. Job satisfaction and family-friendly status of psychiatry was rated highly by students, with lifestyle factors appearing to be important for trainees who tend to choose psychiatry. Clinical implications Negative attitudes and stigma towards psychiatry continue to persist. Teaching and training in psychiatry needs rethinking to improve student experience and recruitment into the specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Farooq
- Keele University.,South Staffordshire and Shropshire NHS Foundation Trust
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17
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Spollen JJ, Beck Dallaghan GL, Briscoe GW, Delanoche ND, Hales DJ. Medical School Factors Associated with Higher Rates of Recruitment into Psychiatry. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2017; 41:233-238. [PMID: 27032395 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-016-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The medical school a student attends appears to be a factor in whether students eventually match into psychiatry. Knowledge of which factors are associated with medical schools with higher recruitment rates into psychiatry may assist in developing strategies to increase recruitment. METHODS Psychiatry leaders in medical student education in the 25 highest and lowest recruiting US allopathic schools were surveyed concerning various factors that could be important such as curriculum, educational leadership, and presence of anti-psychiatry stigma. The relationship between the survey results of high recruiting schools versus those of low recruiting schools was evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Factors significantly associated (p < .05) with higher recruiting schools included better reputation of the psychiatry department and residents, perceived higher respect for psychiatry among non-psychiatry faculty, less perception that students dissuaded other students from pursuing psychiatry, and longer clerkship length. CONCLUSIONS Educational culture and climate factors may have a significant impact on psychiatry recruitment rates. Clerkship length was associated with higher recruiting schools, but several previous studies with more complete samples have not shown this.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Spollen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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18
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Mortlock AM, Puzzo I, Taylor S, Kumari V, Young S, Sengupta S, Das M. Enrichment activities in the medical school psychiatry programme - could this be a key to engaging medical students in psychiatry? A study from a high secure forensic psychiatric UK hospital. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:83. [PMID: 28298188 PMCID: PMC5353898 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of research studies on medical student attitudes toward psychiatry focus on influencing factors and the medical school experience. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a one-day visit to a high secure forensic psychiatric unit on medical students' attitudes towards psychiatry and also assesses career intentions and the factors influencing these. METHOD Change in attitudes and career intention were measured by administering a questionnaire, which included the 30-item Attitudes Toward Psychiatry (ATP-30) survey, at the start (time 1) and end (time 2) of the one-day visit. Qualitative data on factors influencing career choice was also gathered. RESULTS Evaluation of 284 responses revealed a significant increase in positive attitude towards psychiatry from time 1 to time 2 in the sample as a whole. The most influential factor on consideration of psychiatry as a career across all groups was the medical school clinical placement. For those that tended away from choosing psychiatry as a career, patient prognosis was important. CONCLUSIONS Poor recruitment in psychiatry in the UK is already established which will doubtless be compounded by controversies surrounding the proposed new junior doctors' contract. Now more than ever, the need to inspire and motivate those at medical school encountering psychiatry is crucial. Our findings add to the body of evidence that the medical school clinical attachment is fundamental in shaping attitudes. However, these results also show that a well-planned visit to a specialised psychiatric unit outside of traditional placements can have a significant impact on students' attitudes toward psychiatry and mental illness in general. There is limited literature in the UK on enrichment activities within the psychiatry medical school curriculum. We propose that developing opportunities for enrichment activities within psychiatry could increase the scope of how we engage students in this fascinating field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Mortlock
- grid.439649.5Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, UK
| | - Ignazio Puzzo
- grid.439649.5Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, UK
| | - Sophie Taylor
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cKings College London, London, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Research and Development, Sovereign Health Group, San Clemente, California USA
| | - Susan Young
- grid.439649.5Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samrat Sengupta
- grid.439649.5Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, UK
| | - Mrigendra Das
- Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, UK. .,Top End Mental Health Service, PO Box 140, Parap, NT, 0804, Australia.
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19
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Archer A, Guliani J, Johns F, McCartney E, Smith EN, Ross CC, Sengupta S, Das M. Effectiveness of a single day induction programme in changing medical students' attitudes towards the speciality of forensic psychiatry. Australas Psychiatry 2017; 25:73-77. [PMID: 27683656 PMCID: PMC5302129 DOI: 10.1177/1039856216671654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a day visit in changing attitudes towards a high-security forensic psychiatric hospital, with regard to the current recruitment difficulties in psychiatry. METHODS Broadmoor Hospital, a UK high-security psychiatric hospital, runs day visits for medical students, led by doctors. At the beginning and the end of the day students wrote their responses to the question, 'What do you think of Broadmoor?' Attitudes and themes were identified, and their prevalence was analysed. RESULTS The responses of 296 students were initially analysed; however, 19 responses had to be excluded because they were illegible or incomplete. Before the visit, 15 responses were rated as positive, 169 neutral and 93 negative. After the visit, 205 responses were positive, 69 neutral and three negative. The themes that changed markedly following the visit were those indicating a change to favourable attitude. CONCLUSIONS A single day visit was shown to be effective in altering the attitudes of medical students towards forensic psychiatry within a high-security psychiatric hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Archer
- Medical Student, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshana Guliani
- Medical Student, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Johns
- Medical Student, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily McCartney
- Medical Student, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Naomi Smith
- Core Psychiatric Trainee Doctor, Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK
| | - Callum C Ross
- Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK
| | - Samrat Sengupta
- Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK
| | - Mrigendra Das
- Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Broadmoor Hospital, West London Mental Health Trust, Crowthorne, Berkshire, UK, and; College Tutor, Oxford School of Psychiatry, Oxford, UK, and; Consultant Forensic Psychiatrist, Top End Mental Health Service, Parap, NT, Australia
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20
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Fisher J, Teodorczuk A. Old age psychiatry and geriatric medicine: shared challenges, shared solutions? Br J Psychiatry 2017; 210:91-93. [PMID: 28148514 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.187369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of physical and mental ill health means there is considerable overlap between the patients that geriatric medicine and old age psychiatry serve. In this editorial we detail similarities between the specialisms, highlight the common challenges facing them and argue that closer alignment holds the potential to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fisher
- James Fisher, MD, DipClinEd, MClinRes, MRCP, MBBS, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Andrew Teodorczuk, MD, DipClinEd, MBChB(Edinb), MRCPsych, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Southport, Australia
| | - Andrew Teodorczuk
- James Fisher, MD, DipClinEd, MClinRes, MRCP, MBBS, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Andrew Teodorczuk, MD, DipClinEd, MBChB(Edinb), MRCPsych, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Southport, Australia
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21
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In search of an evidence-based role for psychiatry. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO101. [PMID: 28031948 PMCID: PMC5137842 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2015-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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22
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Kodakandla K, Nasirabadi M, Pasha MS. Attitude of interns towards mental illness and psychiatry: A study from two medical colleges in South India. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 22:167-73. [PMID: 27520923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the intern's beliefs about mental illness, their attitude towards psychiatry and psychiatry as a career choice. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, one hundred and seventy six interns from the two medical colleges completed the Belief about Mental illness scale and Attitudes Towards Psychiatry (ATP-29) scale. RESULTS Majority of the interns considered mentally ill patients as dangerous, unpredictable, cannot take up major responsibilities, cannot be a good parent, have poor interpersonal or social skills. The attitude towards psychiatry overall, functioning of a psychiatrist, efficacy of psychiatry treatment was found to be good in over 90% of the interns. The attitude towards career and reward aspect of psychiatry was not favorable in about 40%. About 13% considered psychiatry as a career choice. CONCLUSIONS Beliefs about mental illness continue to be negative. Though the attitude towards psychiatry, psychiatrist and treatment efficacy is good, the social and reward aspects of psychiatry are not encouraging. Steps for changes in undergraduate medical education policies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kodakandla
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Peeramcheru, Near Kalimandir, Chevella Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 086, India.
| | - Minhajzafar Nasirabadi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Dr. V.R.K Women's Medical College, Aziznagar, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 075, India
| | - Mohammed Shahid Pasha
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Peeramcheru, Near Kalimandir, Chevella Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 086, India
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23
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Möller-Leimkühler AM, Möller HJ, Maier W, Gaebel W, Falkai P. EPA guidance on improving the image of psychiatry. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:139-54. [PMID: 26874959 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores causes, explanations and consequences of the negative image of psychiatry and develops recommendations for improvement. It is primarily based on a WPA guidance paper on how to combat the stigmatization of psychiatry and psychiatrists and a Medline search on related publications since 2010. Furthermore, focussing on potential causes and explanations, the authors performed a selective literature search regarding additional image-related issues such as mental health literacy and diagnostic and treatment issues. Underestimation of psychiatry results from both unjustified prejudices of the general public, mass media and healthcare professionals and psychiatry's own unfavourable coping with external and internal concerns. Issues related to unjustified devaluation of psychiatry include overestimation of coercion, associative stigma, lack of public knowledge, need to simplify complex mental issues, problem of the continuum between normality and psychopathology, competition with medical and non-medical disciplines and psychopharmacological treatment. Issues related to psychiatry's own contribution to being underestimated include lack of a clear professional identity, lack of biomarkers supporting clinical diagnoses, limited consensus about best treatment options, lack of collaboration with other medical disciplines and low recruitment rates among medical students. Recommendations are proposed for creating and representing a positive self-concept with different components. The negative image of psychiatry is not only due to unfavourable communication with the media, but is basically a problem of self-conceptualization. Much can be improved. However, psychiatry will remain a profession with an exceptional position among the medical disciplines, which should be seen as its specific strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Möller-Leimkühler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - H-J Möller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Veryan Richards
- Royal College of Psychiatrists' Service Users and Carers Fora, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London E1 8BB, UK.
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25
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Lyons Z, Janca A. Impact of a psychiatry clerkship on stigma, attitudes towards psychiatry, and psychiatry as a career choice. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 25888984 PMCID: PMC4357197 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental illnesses are a major public health problem around the world and the prevalence and burden of common mental disorders is growing. Psychiatry is an unpopular career choice for many medical students and this impacts negatively on the supply of psychiatrists to the workforce. The psychiatry clerkship can play an important role in influencing students' attitudes towards psychiatry, either positively or negatively. However, stigma towards mental illness detracts students from considering a career in psychiatry. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an eight week psychiatry clerkship on i) student knowledge and interest in psychiatry; ii) psychiatry as a career choice; iii) attitudes towards psychiatry; and iv) perceptions of stigma towards mental illness. METHOD Year 4 medical students at the University of Western Australia completed two questionnaires, the Balon Attitudes Towards Psychiatry and the Mental Illness Clinicians Attitudes (MICA), at the beginning and end of the psychiatry clerkship. Interest in, knowledge of, and consideration of psychiatry as a career were also assessed. Non-parametric tests were used to compare baseline and follow-up differences on the Balon and MICA. Unpaired t-tests compared mean differences for interest, knowledge and psychiatry as a career. RESULTS Attitudes towards psychiatry were positive at the beginning of the clerkship. Overall, there was a significant decrease in negative and stigmatising views towards mental illness post clerkship measured by the MICA, but the follow-up mean score remained close to the neutral value with views in some areas becoming more negative. There was no significant improvement in students' interest in psychiatry post clerkship, however, knowledge of psychiatry improved significantly. Numbers of students 'definitely considering' psychiatry as a career increased significantly from 7 (4.6%) students at baseline to 17 (10.5%) at follow-up. CONCLUSION The clerkship made a modest impact on students' attitudes to psychiatry, stigma and consideration of psychiatry as a career. Integration of strategies to overcome stigma towards mental illness and the mental health profession into pre-clinical teaching may provide students with skills to prepare them for the clerkship. This may assist in improving attitudes towards psychiatry and encourage more students towards a psychiatry career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaza Lyons
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, M521, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Aleksandar Janca
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, M521, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
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Read J. Saving psychiatry from itself: will young psychiatrists choose authoritarian power or authoritative respect? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2015; 131:11-2. [PMID: 25495021 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study surveyed medical teaching faculty to determine their attitudes toward psychiatry and psychiatrists. METHOD We conducted a multisite survey of a probability sample of 1057 teaching medical faculty members from 15 academic teaching centers in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia stratified by early, middle, and late career stage. The average response rate across countries was 65%. RESULTS The outstanding findings were that 90% of respondents considered that psychiatrists were not good role models for medical students, 84% thought psychiatric patients were unsuitable to be treated outside of specialized facilities, and 73% thought psychiatric patients were emotionally draining. We noted statistically significant differences by country, gender, career stage, and specialty. CONCLUSION These results highlight why recruitment into psychiatry is problematic in many countries and suggest that greater attention should be given to improving the perception of psychiatrists as good role models and the efficacy of psychiatric treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stuart
- Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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