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Látalová A, Radimecká M, Lamoš M, Jáni M, Damborská A, Theiner P, Bartečková E, Bartys P, Vlčková H, Školiaková K, Kašpárek T, Linhartová P. Neural correlates of social exclusion and overinclusion in patients with borderline personality disorder: an fMRI study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:35. [PMID: 38037120 PMCID: PMC10691118 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal difficulties of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are closely related to rejection sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to gain further insight into the experience and cerebral processing of social interactions in patients with BPD by using fMRI during experimentally induced experiences of social exclusion, inclusion, and overinclusion. METHODS The study involved 30 participants diagnosed with BPD (29 female and 1 male; age: M = 24.22, SD = 5.22) and 30 healthy controls (29 female and 1 male; age: M = 24.66, SD = 5.28) with no current or lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. In the fMRI session, all participants were asked to complete a Cyberball task that consisted of an alternating sequence of inclusion, exclusion, and overinclusion conditions. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, participants with BPD reported higher levels of inner tension and more unpleasant emotions across all experimental conditions. At the neural level, the participants with BPD showed lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in response to social exclusion (relative to the inclusion condition) than the healthy controls did. Lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in this contrast was associated with childhood maltreatment in patients with BPD. However, this difference was no longer significant when we added the covariate of hippocampal volume to the analysis. During social overinclusion (relative to the inclusion condition), we observed no significant differences in a group comparison of neural activation. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that patients with BPD experience more discomfort than do healthy controls during social interactions. Compared to healthy participants, patients with BPD reported more inner tension and unpleasant emotions, irrespective of the extent to which others included them in social interactions. At a neural level, the participants with BPD showed a lower recruitment of the left hippocampus in response to social exclusion than the healthy controls did. The reduced activation of this neural structure could be related to a history of childhood maltreatment and smaller hippocampal volume in patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Látalová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Radimecká
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lamoš
- Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jáni
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Damborská
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Bartečková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Bartys
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Vlčková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Školiaková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Obdržálková M, Ustohal L, Hlaváčová N, Mayerová M, Češková E, Kašpárek T, Ježová D. Selected neuroendocrine factors as potential molecular biomarkers of early non-affective psychosis course in relation to treatment outcome: A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21173. [PMID: 37916075 PMCID: PMC10616415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to find whether the dysregulation of neuroendocrine biomarker signaling pathways in the first episode of non-affective psychosis is a predictive factor of treatment outcome. Patients with the first episode of non-affective psychosis (N = 29) were examined at admission, at discharge, and at follow-up (N = 23). The biomarkers included serum aldosterone, cortisol, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, and prolactin. We revealed lower baseline aldosterone and higher baseline cortisol concentrations in patients with very good outcome compared to those with good outcome after one year. We failed to reveal any significant association between treatment outcome and neurohumoral biomarkers in the whole sample at 1-year follow-up. However, baseline aldosterone concentrations negatively correlated with total PANSS scores at the discharge. Lower baseline aldosterone and higher baseline cortisol concentrations have the potential to predict a more favorable outcome for patients with the first episode of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Obdržálková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Ustohal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nataša Hlaváčová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Mayerová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Češková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Ježová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Jáni M, Gajdoš M, Ustohal L, Hořínková J, Kašpárek T. Successful mentalizing in schizophrenia is associated with specific recruitment of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9564607 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties in cognitive and affective mentalizing which is manifested by excessive (‘overmentalizing’) or defective (‘undermentalizing’) attribution of mental states. As most of the tests does not differentiate between ‘overmentalizing’ and ‘undermentalizing’, it is not yet clear how are these deficits reflected in mentalizing network in schizophrenia.
Objectives
Investigate how is cognitive and affective ‘overmentalizing’ and ‘undermentalizing’ reflected in mentalizing network in schizophrenia.
Methods
We recruited 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls who underwent fMRI session while they completed ‘Social situations assessment task’ consisting of 90 stories with 30 questions on affective, 30 on cognitive mental states and 30 control memory questions and 4 possible answers: no mentalizing, undermentalizing, appropriate mentalizing, overmentalizng (for control condition 1 correct and 3 incorrect).
Results
On a behavioral level, we found increased no mentalizing and undermentalizing and decreased mentalizing in patients, but no difference in overmentalizing between groups. For fMRI results, patients showed lesser recruitment of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and temporal poles (with right superior temporal sulcus) only during appropriate mentalizing in both affective and cognitive conditions. However, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and precuneus showed increased pattern of activation across all mentalizing levels in healthy controls compared to schizophrenia, but suppressed activation in appropriate cognitive mentalizing corresponding to the level of a schizophrenia group.
Conclusions
Schizophrenia patients show different pattern of mentalizing compared to healthy control that can be associated with specific activity mentalizing brain network.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Jamárik J, Vojtíšek L, Churová V, Kašpárek T, Schwarz D. Identification of Laminar Composition in Cerebral Cortex Using Low-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Images and Trust Region Optimization Algorithm. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 12:diagnostics12010024. [PMID: 35054191 PMCID: PMC8774564 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological changes in the cortical lamina can cause several mental disorders. Visualization of these changes in vivo would enhance their diagnostics. Recently a framework for visualizing cortical structures by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged. This is based on mathematical modeling of multi-component T1 relaxation at the sub-voxel level. This work proposes a new approach for their estimation. The approach is validated using simulated data. Sixteen MRI experiments were carried out on healthy volunteers. A modified echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence was used to acquire 105 individual volumes. Data simulating the images were created, serving as the ground truth. The model was fitted to the data using a modified Trust Region algorithm. In single voxel experiments, the estimation accuracy of the T1 relaxation times depended on the number of optimization starting points and the level of noise. A single starting point resulted in a mean percentage error (MPE) of 6.1%, while 100 starting points resulted in a perfect fit. The MPE was <5% for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ≥ 38 dB. Concerning multiple voxel experiments, the MPE was <5% for all components. Estimation of T1 relaxation times can be achieved using the modified algorithm with MPE < 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jamárik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Lubomír Vojtíšek
- Neuroscience Centre, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vendula Churová
- Department of Simulation Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Department of Simulation Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Holštajn Zemánková P, Gajdoš M, Světlák M, Bareš M, Širůček J, Kašpárek T. Processing of emotionally ambiguous stimuli in eating disorders: an fMRI pilot study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2757-2761. [PMID: 33559833 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE People with eating disorders (EDs) have difficulties understanding their own emotions and recognizing the emotions of others, especially in ambiguous settings. We examined the neuronal mechanisms underlying the emotion processing of ambiguous interpersonal stimuli in EDs and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS The fMRI data were acquired by a blocked experimental design with 28 women (14 EDs) during the visual presentation of a modified Thematic Apperception Test. RESULTS EDs showed very strong associations between experienced and inferred emotions evoked by the stimuli; no such relationship was found in HCs. HCs displayed elevated left anterior insula activity during the mentalizing condition; EDs showed increased activity in the right supramarginal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION The two groups seem to apply different strategies for judging emotionally ambiguous stimuli, albeit resulting in equivalent judgments. We assume that activity in the supramarginal gyrus and insula in EDs is linked with suppressing their own perspective while considering emotional states, probably due to alexithymia and the lack of awareness of their own mental states. We hypothesize that the strong correlation between experienced and inferred emotions in EDs could reflect their tendency to use others as a reference point for perceiving themselves and gaining information about their affective state. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No level of evidence, this is a basic science study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Holštajn Zemánková
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Behavioral and Social Neuroscience, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Gajdoš
- Multimodal and Functional Imaging Laboratory, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Světlák
- Department of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Širůček
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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6
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Linhartová P, Svěrák T, Gajdos M, Kašpárek T. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in borderline personality disorder: clinical and brain connectivity changes. Brain Stimul 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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7
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Horký M, Svěrák T, Linhartová P, Kašpárek T. Short interval cortical inhibition – literature review of methodology aspects and recommendations. Brain Stimul 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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8
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Knejzlíková T, Světlák M, Malatincová T, Roman R, Chládek J, Najmanová J, Theiner P, Linhartová P, Kašpárek T. Electrodermal Response to Mirror Exposure in Relation to Subjective Emotional Responses, Emotional Competences and Affectivity in Adolescent Girls With Restrictive Anorexia and Healthy Controls. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673597. [PMID: 34566754 PMCID: PMC8461306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Body image disturbances and the attendant negative emotions are two of the major clinical symptoms of eating disorders. The objective of the present experimental study was to shed more light on the degree of association or dissociation between the physiological and emotional response to mirror exposure in patients with restrictive mental anorexia, and on the relationships between the physiological response and characteristics connected with emotional processing. Materials and Methods: Thirty adolescent girls with the restrictive type of anorexia and thirty matched healthy controls underwent bilateral measurement of skin conductance (SC) during rest, neutral stimulus exposure, and mirror exposure, and completed a set of measures focused on emotion regulation competencies, affectivity, and eating disorder pathology. Results: Compared to healthy controls, girls with restrictive anorexia rated mirror exposure as a subjectively more distressful experience. Differences in skin conductance response (SCR) were not significant; however, variance in SCR was substantially greater in the group of anorexia patients as compared to healthy controls. The overall skin conductance level (SCL) was lower in anorexia patients. Increase in SCR during mirror exposure, as opposed to exposure to neutral stimuli, was positively related to the tendency to experience negative emotions, interoceptive sensitivity, body dissatisfaction and suppression, but not to other symptoms of eating pathology or emotional awareness. A post hoc analysis suggested that physiological reactivity might be associated with interoceptive sensitivity to mirror exposure especially in anorectic patients. Conclusion: The study seems to demonstrate some degree of dissociation between psychophysiological reactivity and subjective response to body exposure in patients with restrictive anorexia. Factors affecting differences in psychophysiological responsiveness to body exposure in anorectic patients require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Knejzlíková
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Světlák
- Institute of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tatiana Malatincová
- Institute of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Robert Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Chládek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Najmanová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Jáni M, Kikinis Z, Lošák J, Pasternak O, Szczepankiewicz F, Heller C, Swago S, Silva A, Bouix S, Kubicki M, Ustohal L, Kudlička P, Vojtíšek L, Westin CF, Kašpárek T. Emotional Awareness in Schizophrenia Is Associated With Gray Matter Volume of Right Precuneus. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:601742. [PMID: 33868042 PMCID: PMC8046932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.601742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We assessed the relationship between emotional awareness (e.g., the ability to identify and differentiate our own feelings and feelings of others) and regional brain volumes in healthy and in schizophrenia groups. Methods: Magnetic resonance images of 29 subjects with schizophrenia and 33 matched healthy controls were acquired. Brain gray matter was parcellated using FreeSurfer and 28 regions of interest associated with emotional awareness were analyzed. All participants were assessed using the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) of Self and of Other. LEAS scores were correlated with gray matter volume for each hemisphere on the 14 brain regions of the emotional awareness network. Results: Individuals with schizophrenia showed decreased emotional awareness on both LEAS Self and LEAS Other compared to healthy controls. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in gray matter volumes of the emotional awareness network. The performance on LEAS Other correlated negatively with right precuneus gray matter volume only in the schizophrenia group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a relationship between gray matter volume of the right precuneus and deficits in understanding of emotional states of others in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jáni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zora Kikinis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jan Lošák
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Filip Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Medical Radiation Physics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carina Heller
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophia Swago
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annelise Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, United States
| | - Libor Ustohal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Kudlička
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lubomír Vojtíšek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Carl-Frederik Westin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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10
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Linhartová P, Širůček J, Ejova A, Barteček R, Theiner P, Kašpárek T. Dimensions of Impulsivity in Healthy People, Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder, and Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:584-595. [PMID: 30628513 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718822121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Impulsivity, observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, is a heterogeneous construct with different behavioral manifestations. Through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study tests hypotheses about relationships between dimensions of impulsivity measured using personality questionnaires and behavioral tests. Method: The study included 200 healthy people, 40 patients with borderline personality disorder, and 26 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who underwent a comprehensive impulsivity test battery including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, a Go-NoGo task, a stop-signal task, and a delay discounting task. Results: A CFA model comprising three self-reported and three behavioral latent variables reached a good fit. Both patient groups scored higher in the self-reported dimensions and impulsive choice; only the ADHD patients displayed impaired waiting and stopping impulsivity. Conclusions: Using the developed CFA model, it is possible to describe relations between impulsivity dimensions and show different impulsivity patterns in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Linhartová
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Richard Barteček
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Motlová LB, Janoušková M, Formánek T, Goetz M, Holub D, Hubeňák J, Kašpárek T, Látalová K, Papežová H, Světlák M, Šilhán P, Trančík P, Vevera J, Balon R. Medical Students' Career Choice and Attitudes Toward Psychiatry: Case of the Czech Republic. Acad Psychiatry 2020; 44:751-755. [PMID: 33000447 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A survey among medical students of all medical schools in the Czech Republic was conducted to investigate attitudes and views of psychiatry and career choice of psychiatry. METHODS A Czech version of the Attitudes to Psychiatry Scale (APS) and a questionnaire surveying demographic characteristics and choices of future specialty were distributed to all medical students of eight medical schools in the Czech Republic via the schools' internal communication systems in the form of an anonymous online questionnaire. RESULTS Out of a total of 10,147 medical students in the Czech Republic (academic year 2019/2020), 2418 students participated in the survey (response rate 23.8%). Psychiatry as a non-exclusive career choice was considered by 31.3% respondents; child and adolescent psychiatry was considered by 15.4% respondents. Psychiatry as the only choice was considered by 1.6%, and child and adolescent psychiatry was not considered at all. The interest in both specialties was declining since the first year of study. The status of psychiatry among other medical specialties was perceived as low; students were rather discouraged from entering psychiatry by their families. They did not feel encouraged by their teachers to pursue career in psychiatry despite the fact that they were interested in psychiatry. They also felt uncomfortable with patients with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Despite high enthusiasm for psychiatry in the first year of medical school, only a small proportion of medical students consider to choose psychiatry, and especially child and adolescent psychiatry, as a career at the end of medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomáš Formánek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Goetz
- Charles University Second Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Holub
- Charles University First Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hubeňák
- Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Látalová
- University Palacky Olomouc Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papežová
- Charles University First Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Šilhán
- University of Ostrava Faculty of Medicine, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Trančík
- Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vevera
- Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Balon
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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12
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Linhartová P, Látalová A, Barteček R, Širůček J, Theiner P, Ejova A, Hlavatá P, Kóša B, Jeřábková B, Bareš M, Kašpárek T. Impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive profile compared with healthy people and patients with ADHD. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1829-1838. [PMID: 31439062 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impulsivity is a heterogeneous concept, and a comprehensive evaluation of impulsivity dimensions is lacking in the literature. Moreover, it is unclear whether BPD patients manifest impaired cognitive functioning that might be associated with impulsivity in another patient group, such as ADHD, a frequent comorbidity of BPD. METHODS We tested 39 patients with BPD without major psychiatric comorbidities and ADHD, 25 patients with ADHD, and 55 healthy controls (HC) using a test battery consisting of a self-report measure of impulsivity (UPPS-P questionnaire), behavioral measures of impulsivity - impulsive action (Go/NoGo task, stop signal task) and impulsive choice (delay discounting task, Iowa gambling task), and standardized measures of attention (d2 test), working memory (digit span), and executive functioning (Tower of London). RESULTS Patients with BPD and ADHD, as compared with HC, manifested increased self-reported impulsivity except sensation seeking and increased impulsive choice; patients with ADHD but not BPD showed increased impulsive action and deficits in cognitive functioning. Negative urgency was increased in BPD as compared to both HC and ADHD groups and correlated with BPD severity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BPD without ADHD comorbidity had increased self-reported impulsivity and impulsive choice, but intact impulsive action and cognitive functioning. Controlling for ADHD comorbidity in BPD samples is necessary. Negative urgency is the most diagnostically specific impulsivity dimension in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Látalová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Barteček
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Širůček
- Faculty of Social Studies, Institute for Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anastasia Ejova
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pavlína Hlavatá
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kóša
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Jeřábková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Hlavatá P, Linhartová P, Šumec R, Filip P, Světlák M, Baláž M, Kašpárek T, Bareš M. Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Account of Impulsivity in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 10:1338. [PMID: 31998210 PMCID: PMC6965152 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorder (ICD) is a major non-motor complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) with often devastating consequences for patients' quality of life. In this study, we aimed to characterize the phenotype of impulsivity in PD and its neuroanatomical correlates. Methods: Thirty-seven PD patients (15 patients with ICD, 22 patients without ICD) and 36 healthy controls underwent a neuropsychological battery. The test battery consisted of anxiety and depression scales, self-report measures of impulsivity (Barratt scale and UPPS-P), behavioral measures of impulsive action (Go/No-Go task, Stop signal task) and impulsive choice (Delay discounting, Iowa gambling task), and measures of cognitive abilities (working memory, attention, executive function). Patients and controls underwent structural MRI scanning. Results: Patients with ICD had significantly higher levels of self-reported impulsivity (Barratt scale and Lack of perseverance from UPPS-P) in comparison with healthy controls and non-impulsive PD patients, but they performed similarly in behavioral tasks, except for the Iowa gambling task. In this task, patients with ICD made significantly less risky decisions than patients without ICD and healthy controls. Patients without ICD did not differ from healthy controls in self-reported impulsivity or behavioral measurements. Both patient groups were more anxious and depressive than healthy controls. MRI scanning revealed structural differences in cortical areas related to impulse control in both patient groups. Patients without ICD had lower volumes and cortical thickness of bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. Patients with ICD had higher volumes of right caudal anterior cingulate and rostral middle frontal cortex. Conclusions: Despite the presence of ICD as confirmed by both clinical follow-up and self-reported impulsivity scales and supported by structural differences in various neural nodes related to inhibitory control and reward processing, patients with ICD performed no worse than healthy controls in various behavioral tasks previously hypothesized as robust impulsivity measures. These results call for caution against impetuous interpretation of behavioral tests, since various factors may and will influence the ultimate outcomes, be it the lack of sensitivity in specific, limited ICD subtypes, excessive caution of ICD patients during testing due to previous negative experience rendering simplistic tasks insufficient, or other, as of now unknown aspects, calling for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Hlavatá
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Rastislav Šumec
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Filip
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Světlák
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Baláž
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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14
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Sojka P, Lošák J, Lamoš M, Bareš M, Kašpárek T, Brázdil M, Baláž M, Světlák M, Kočvarová J, Fialová J. Processing of Emotions in Functional Movement Disorder: An Exploratory fMRI Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31474926 PMCID: PMC6703143 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Affective dysregulation and impaired cognitive control are implicated in the pathology of functional neurological disorders (FNDs). However, voluntary regulation of emotions has seldom been researched in this group of patients. We hypothesized that patients with FNDs use inefficient voluntary emotion regulation strategies and regulate emotional reactions via increased motor activation. Methods: Fifteen patients with functional movement disorder (FMD) and fifteen healthy subjects matched by age, sex, and education underwent an emotion regulation task in fMRI. For stimuli, we used neutral and negative pictures from the International Affective Picture System. There was no restriction on their emotion regulation strategy. Both patients and healthy subjects were asked about the strategies they had used in a post-scanning interview. Participant levels of depression, trait anxiety, and alexithymia were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences in the emotion regulation strategies used by patients and healthy subjects, nor in levels of reported alexithymia and depression. However, patients showed increased activation in several brain areas when observing negative pictures, notably in the post-central gyrus, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and cerebellar vermis, and also in their emotion regulation condition, particularly in the precuneus and post-central gyrus. Alexithymia was negatively associated with left insular activation during the observation of unpleasant stimuli only in the patient group. Conclusions: Our findings may implicate areas associated with self-referential processing in voluntary emotional regulation and lower emotional awareness as having a role in patients with functional movement disorders. However, our findings must be replicated with larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sojka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Lošák
- Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Lamoš
- Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Bareš
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - M Brázdil
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - M Baláž
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Světlák
- Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - J Kočvarová
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - J Fialová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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15
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Linhartová P, Látalová A, Kóša B, Kašpárek T, Schmahl C, Paret C. fMRI neurofeedback in emotion regulation: A literature review. Neuroimage 2019; 193:75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties processing the emotional and cognitive states of others. Neuroimaging studies show inconsistent findings. METHODS We used a Seed-based d Mapping meta-analytic method to explore brain activation during facial emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia patients. RESULTS The patients showed lesser recruitment of the facial emotion processing network; behavioural performance was associated with the activation of the precentral gyrus. We found abnormal activation of the mentalising network in schizophrenia patients during reasoning about other people's mental states; patients with worse performances showed lesser activation in the right insula and superior temporal gyrus. Multimodal meta-analysis showed overlaps of brain-related abnormalities for both modalities in schizophrenia, with reduced recruitment of the right insula, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the bilateral parietal cortex. Meta-regression results indicate that illness duration, medication and symptomatology might influence social-cognitive network disruptions in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the complex impairment of social cognition, as demonstrated by neural-related circuit disruptions during facial emotion processing and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jáni
- a CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- a CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic.,b Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
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17
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Vyškovský R, Schwarz D, Kašpárek T. Brain Morphometry Methods for Feature Extraction in Random Subspace Ensemble Neural Network Classification of First-Episode Schizophrenia. Neural Comput 2019; 31:897-918. [DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a growing field that provides tools for automatic pattern recognition. The neuroimaging community currently tries to take advantage of ML in order to develop an auxiliary diagnostic tool for schizophrenia diagnostics. In this letter, we present a classification framework based on features extracted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data using two automatic whole-brain morphometry methods: voxel-based (VBM) and deformation-based morphometry (DBM). The framework employs a random subspace ensemble-based artificial neural network classifier—in particular, a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The framework was tested on data from first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The experiments differed in terms of feature extraction methods, using VBM, DBM, and a combination of both morphometry methods. Thus, features of different types were available for model adaptation. As we expected, the combination of features increased the MLP classification accuracy up to 73.12%—an improvement of 5% versus MLP-based only on VBM or DBM features. To further verify the findings, other comparisons using support vector machines in place of MLPs were made within the framework. However, it cannot be concluded that any classifier was better than another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Vyškovský
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Department of Psychiatry, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Pešlová E, Mareček R, Shaw DJ, Kašpárek T, Pail M, Brázdil M. Hippocampal involvement in nonpathological déjà vu: Subfield vulnerability rather than temporal lobe epilepsy equivalent. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01299. [PMID: 31094080 PMCID: PMC6520298 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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19
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Barteček R, Hořínková J, Linhartová P, Kašpárek T. Emotional impulsivity is connected to suicide attempts and health care utilization in patients with borderline personality disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 56:54-55. [PMID: 30503219 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Barteček
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Hořínková
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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20
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Filip P, Linhartová P, Hlavatá P, Šumec R, Baláž M, Bareš M, Kašpárek T. Disruption of Multiple Distinctive Neural Networks Associated With Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:462. [PMID: 30519167 PMCID: PMC6258801 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of impulsivity in Parkinson's disease appears as an arduous side effect of dopaminergic therapy with potentially detrimental consequences for the life of the patients. Although conceptualized as a result of non-physiologic chronic dopaminergic stimulation, recent advances speculate on combined disruption of other networks as well. In the search for neuroanatomical correlates of this multifaceted disturbance, this study employs two distinct, well-defined tasks of close association to motor inhibition and decision-making impulsivity, Go/No Go and Delay discounting. The fMRI and functional connectivity analysis in 21 Parkinson's disease patients, including 8 patients suffering from severe impulse control disorder, and 28 healthy controls, revealed in impulsive Parkinson's disease patients not only decreased fMRI activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and bilateral striatum, but also vast functional connectivity changes of both caudate nuclei as decreased connectivity to the superior parietal cortex and increased connectivity to the insular area, clearly beyond the commonly stated areas, which indicates that orbitofronto-striatal and mesolimbic functional disruptions are not the sole mechanisms underlying impulse control disorder in Parkinson's disease. Ergo, our results present a refinement and synthesis of gradually developing ideas about the nature of impulsive control disorder in Parkinson's disease—an umbrella term encompassing various behavioral deviations related to distinct neuronal networks and presumably neurotransmitter systems, which greatly exceed the previously envisioned dopaminergic pathways as the only culprit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Filip
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital of St. Anne, Brno, Czechia.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavlína Hlavatá
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Rastislav Šumec
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital of St. Anne, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Baláž
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital of St. Anne, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital of St. Anne, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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21
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Bartoň M, Mareček R, Krajčovičová L, Slavíček T, Kašpárek T, Zemánková P, Říha P, Mikl M. Evaluation of different cerebrospinal fluid and white matter fMRI filtering strategies-Quantifying noise removal and neural signal preservation. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1114-1138. [PMID: 30403309 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of using different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter (WM) nuisance signals for data-driven filtering of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data as a cleanup method before analyzing intrinsic brain fluctuations. The routinely used temporal signal-to-noise ratio metric is inappropriate for assessing fMRI filtering suitability, as it evaluates only the reduction of data variability and does not assess the preservation of signals of interest. We defined a new metric that evaluates the preservation of selected neural signal correlates, and we compared its performance with a recently published signal-noise separation metric. These two methods provided converging evidence of the unfavorable impact of commonly used filtering approaches that exploit higher numbers of principal components from CSF and WM compartments (typically 5 + 5 for CSF and WM, respectively). When using only the principal components as nuisance signals, using a lower number of signals results in a better performance (i.e., 1 + 1 performed best). However, there was evidence that this routinely used approach consisting of 1 + 1 principal components may not be optimal for filtering resting-state (RS) fMRI data, especially when RETROICOR filtering is applied during the data preprocessing. The evaluation of task data indicated the appropriateness of 1 + 1 principal components, but when RETROICOR was applied, there was a change in the optimal filtering strategy. The suggested change for extracting WM (and also CSF in RETROICOR-corrected RS data) is using local signals instead of extracting signals from a large mask using principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bartoň
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Krajčovičová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slavíček
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Zemánková
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine of the Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Říha
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mikl
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Abstract
Emotions have traditionally been considered crucial in the development of functional neurological disorder, but the evidence underpinning this association is not clear. We aimed to summarize evidence for association between functional neurological disorder and emotions as formulated by Breuer and Freud in their conception of hysterical conversion. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 34 controlled studies and categorized them into four groups: (i) autonomic arousal, (ii) emotion-motion interactions, (iii) social modulation of symptoms, and (iv) bodily awareness in FND. We found evidence for autonomic dysregulation in FND; convergent neuroimaging findings implicate abnormal limbic-motor interactions in response to emotional stimuli in FND. Our results do not provide enough empirical evidence for social modulation of the symptoms, but there is a clinical support for the role of suggestion and placebo in FND. Our results provide evidence for abnormal bodily awareness in FND. Based on these findings, we propose that functional neurological symptoms are forms of emotional reactions shaped into symptoms by previous experience with illness and possibly reinforced by actual social contexts. Additional research should investigate the effect of social context on the intensity of functional neurological symptoms and associated brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Sojka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Bareš
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Světlák
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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23
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Zemánková P, Lošák J, Czekóová K, Lungu O, Jáni M, Kašpárek T, Bareš M. Theory of Mind Skills Are Related to Resting-State Frontolimbic Connectivity in Schizophrenia. Brain Connect 2018; 8:350-361. [PMID: 29869536 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCH) often demonstrate impairment in social-cognitive functions as well as disturbances in large-scale network connectivity. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a core region of the default mode network, with projections to limbic structures. It plays an important role in social and emotional decision-making. We investigated whether resting-state functional connectivity (FC) relates to the cognitive and affective domains of theory of mind (ToM). Twenty-three SCH patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. vmPFC seed connectivity was correlated with behavioral measures assessing ToM domains. SCH performed less well than HCs in both ToM task domains. An analysis of the resting-state FC revealed that SCH had reduced connectivity from the vmPFC to the subcallosal cortex, right amygdala, and right hippocampus as a function of behavioral scores in both ToM domains. Within-group analyses indicated that in HCs, the performance in ToM was positively associated with frontoamygdalar resting-state connectivity, whereas in SCH, the performance in ToM was negatively associated with the frontosubcallosal connectivity. Differences in the pattern of the resting-state frontolimbic connectivity and its associations with performance in ToM tasks between the two study groups might represent a different setup for processing social information in patients with SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zemánková
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,3 First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lošák
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Czekóová
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ovidiu Lungu
- 4 Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal , Montreal, Canada .,5 Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Research Centre of the Montreal Geriatric Institute , Montreal, Canada .,6 Centre for Research on Aging, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Centre , Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Jáni
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- 1 Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bareš
- 3 First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital , Brno, Czech Republic .,7 Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Pešlová E, Mareček R, Shaw DJ, Kašpárek T, Pail M, Brázdil M. Hippocampal involvement in nonpathological déjà vu: Subfield vulnerability rather than temporal lobe epilepsy equivalent. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00996. [PMID: 29873197 PMCID: PMC6043696 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morphological correlates of nonpathological déjà vu (DV) have been identified recently within the human brain. Significantly reduced gray matter volume (GMV) within a set of cortical and subcortical regions reported in subjects experiencing DV seems to mirror the distribution of GMV reduction in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients but vary in terms of the hippocampus. Another condition associated with hippocampal GMV reduction and DV alike disturbance in memory processing is schizophrenia (SCH). Here, we tested the hypothesis that hippocampal involvement in nonpathological DV resembles more closely the pattern of GMV decrease observed in MTLE compared with that occurring in SCH. METHODS Using automated segmentation of the MRI data we compared the medians of GMV within 12 specific hippocampal subfields in healthy individuals that do (DV+; N = 87) and do not report déjà vu experience (DV-; N = 26), and patients with MTLE (N = 47) and SCH (N = 29). By Pearson correlation, we then evaluated the similarity of MTLE and SCH groups to DV+ group with respect to spatial distribution of GMV deviation from DV- group. RESULTS Significant GMV decrease was found in MTLE group in most of the subfields. There were just trends in the hippocampal GMV decrease found in DV+ or SCH groups. Concerning the spatial distribution of GMV decrease, we revealed statistically significant correlation for the left hippocampus for SCH vs DV+. Otherwise there was no statistically significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal structural features of hippocampal involvement in nonpathological DV, MTLE, and SCH. Despite our expectations, the pattern of GMV reduction in the DV+ relative to the DV- group does not resemble the pattern observed in MTLE any more than that observed in SCH. The highly similar patterns of the three clinical groups rather suggest an increased vulnerability of certain hippocampal subfields; namely, Cornu Ammonis (CA)4, CA3, dentate gyrus granular cell layer (GC-DG), hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area (HATA) and subiculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pešlová
- Department of NeurologyBrno Epilepsy CenterSt. Anne’s University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- Department of NeurologyBrno Epilepsy CenterSt. Anne’s University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Multi‐modal and Functional Neuroimaging Research GroupCEITEC ‐ Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Daniel J. Shaw
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research GroupCEITEC ‐ Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research GroupCEITEC ‐ Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty of Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martin Pail
- Department of NeurologyBrno Epilepsy CenterSt. Anne’s University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Milan Brázdil
- Department of NeurologyBrno Epilepsy CenterSt. Anne’s University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research GroupCEITEC ‐ Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
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Večeřa J, Bártová E, Krejčí J, Legartová S, Komůrková D, Rudá-Kučerová J, Štark T, Dražanová E, Kašpárek T, Šulcová A, Dekker FJ, Szymanski W, Seiser C, Weitzer G, Mechoulam R, Micale V, Kozubek S. HDAC1 and HDAC3 underlie dynamic H3K9 acetylation during embryonic neurogenesis and in schizophrenia-like animals. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:530-548. [PMID: 28300292 PMCID: PMC7615847 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although histone acetylation is one of the most widely studied epigenetic modifications, there is still a lack of information regarding how the acetylome is regulated during brain development and pathophysiological processes. We demonstrate that the embryonic brain (E15) is characterized by an increase in H3K9 acetylation as well as decreases in the levels of HDAC1 and HDAC3. Moreover, experimental induction of H3K9 hyperacetylation led to the overexpression of NCAM in the embryonic cortex and depletion of Sox2 in the subventricular ependyma, which mimicked the differentiation processes. Inducing differentiation in HDAC1-deficient mouse ESCs resulted in early H3K9 deacetylation, Sox2 downregulation, and enhanced astrogliogenesis, whereas neuro-differentiation was almost suppressed. Neuro-differentiation of (wt) ESCs was characterized by H3K9 hyperacetylation that was associated with HDAC1 and HDAC3 depletion. Conversely, the hippocampi of schizophrenia-like animals showed H3K9 deacetylation that was regulated by an increase in both HDAC1 and HDAC3. The hippocampi of schizophrenia-like brains that were treated with the cannabinoid receptor-1 inverse antagonist AM251 expressed H3K9ac at the level observed in normal brains. Together, the results indicate that co-regulation of H3K9ac by HDAC1 and HDAC3 is important to both embryonic brain development and neuro-differentiation as well as the pathophysiology of a schizophrenia-like phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/embryology
- Brain/enzymology
- Brain/pathology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gestational Age
- Histone Deacetylase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Histone Deacetylase 1/genetics
- Histone Deacetylase 1/metabolism
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Histones/metabolism
- Methylazoxymethanol Acetate
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/drug effects
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/enzymology
- Neurons/pathology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Schizophrenia/chemically induced
- Schizophrenia/drug therapy
- Schizophrenia/enzymology
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Večeřa
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krejčí
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Komůrková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rudá-Kučerová
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Štark
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Dražanová
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Šulcová
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank J. Dekker
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Seiser
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Weitzer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Dluhoš P, Schwarz D, Cahn W, van Haren N, Kahn R, Španiel F, Horáček J, Kašpárek T, Schnack H. Multi-center machine learning in imaging psychiatry: A meta-model approach. Neuroimage 2017; 155:10-24. [PMID: 28428048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest problems in automated diagnosis of psychiatric disorders from medical images is the lack of sufficiently large samples for training. Sample size is especially important in the case of highly heterogeneous disorders such as schizophrenia, where machine learning models built on relatively low numbers of subjects may suffer from poor generalizability. Via multicenter studies and consortium initiatives researchers have tried to solve this problem by combining data sets from multiple sites. The necessary sharing of (raw) data is, however, often hindered by legal and ethical issues. Moreover, in the case of very large samples, the computational complexity might become too large. The solution to this problem could be distributed learning. In this paper we investigated the possibility to create a meta-model by combining support vector machines (SVM) classifiers trained on the local datasets, without the need for sharing medical images or any other personal data. Validation was done in a 4-center setup comprising of 480 first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in total. We built SVM models to separate patients from controls based on three different kinds of imaging features derived from structural MRI scans, and compared models built on the joint multicenter data to the meta-models. The results showed that the combined meta-model had high similarity to the model built on all data pooled together and comparable classification performance on all three imaging features. Both similarity and performance was superior to that of the local models. We conclude that combining models is thus a viable alternative that facilitates data sharing and creating bigger and more informative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dluhoš
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - René Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Behavioural and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hugo Schnack
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Linhartová P, Kuhn M, Damborská A, Lamoš M, Mikl M, Barteček R, Theiner P, Kašpárek T, Bareš M. Neural correlates of behavioral inhibition in healthy people and in patients with borderline personality disorder and ADHD. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDeficits in behavioral inhibition leading to impulsivity occur frequently in many otherwise different psychiatric diseases, mainly ADHD and borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the research is complicated by using of different tests and their parameters. Further, the role of frontoparietal network in behavioral inhibition has been questioned recently.ObjectivesThe aims of our studies were:– to present the influence of differences in inhibition tasks parameters;– to describe neural correlates of behavioral inhibition in healthy people;– to compare them with BPD and ADHD patients.MethodsWe implemented two different variants of Go/NoGo Task, one designed for behavioral research and the second for neuroimaging. Thirty healthy participants (37% of women, age range 15 to 33 years) underwent behavioral and fMRI measurement. Further, groups of patients with BPD, ADHD and their healthy controls underwent the Go/NoGo Task under both fMRI and EEG.ResultsThe results show differences in behavioral performance based on different task parameters. The fMRI results in healthy people show specific activation patterns within the frontoparietal network associated with inhibition trials (mainly inferior frontal gyrus, insula, cingulate gyrus, SMA, inferior parietal lobule). Further, we present differences between patients with BPD, ADHD and controls in BOLD signal and ERPs.ConclusionsGo/NoGo Task design substantially influences the subjects’ behavioral performance. Our results with methodologically upgraded Go/NoGo Task design provide support for the inhibition frontoparietal brain network and its different activations in BPD and ADHD patients. The research was supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. 15-30062A.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Zemánková P, Gajdoš M, Kašpárek T, Bareš M. Emotion Processing Abnormalities in Eating Disorders: An FMRI Pilot Study. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAbnormalities in emotional functioning is one of the key features of eating disorders (ED), such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). These patients show increased levels of alexithymia, problems understanding one's own emotion, which has been simultaneously, associated with difficulties in recognizing others emotions.ObjectivesIn this study, we were interested in the neuronal mechanism of emotion processing from both, self and others perspective, and we aimed to compare the underlying brain activations in eating disorder patients and healthy controls.MethodsA sample of 12 women with ED (10 AN, 2 BN) and 11 age and education matched healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI examination while performing emotion recognition task, which requires either inferring mental states of depicted figures, or assessing participant's own feelings evoked by the pictures.ResultsThe task activated superior temporal sulcus bilaterally, left temporo-parietal junction, and medial prefrontal cortex. Those regions have been consistently identified in literature to be active while thinking about other people. Interestingly, group differences analysis revealed that ED patients group showed higher activations in right supramarginal gyrus, compared to HC group. This structure is critical to overcome egocentricity bias in social judgment. Contrary to ED patients, HC group showed greater activations in cingulate gyrus and insula, regions involved in emotion formation and processing.ConclusionWe hypothesize that ED patients tend to suppress their own perspective while thinking about emotional states of others more strongly than HC, probably due to alexithymia and the lack of awareness of their mental states.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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29
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Fiala A, Švancara J, Klánová J, Kašpárek T. Sociodemographic and delivery risk factors for developing postpartum depression in a sample of 3233 mothers from the Czech ELSPAC study. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:104. [PMID: 28327118 PMCID: PMC5361789 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the postpartum period, certain groups of women are at a higher risk for developing depressive episodes. Several studies have described risk factors for developing postpartum depression (PPD). However, these studies have used limited numbers of participants, and therefore the estimated prevalence of PPD varies greatly. METHODS The objective of this study is to identify the main risk factors for developing PPD by using data collected via the Czech version of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC). This database provides a representative sample (n = 7589) observed prospectively and a large amount of data on depressive symptoms and on biological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for incidence of PPD. The affective pathology was examined at three time points: before delivery, 6 weeks after delivery, and 6 months after delivery. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms before delivery was 12.8%, 6 weeks after delivery 11.8%, and 6 months after delivery 10.1%. The prevalence rates are based on women who completed questionnaires at all three time-points (N = 3233). At all three time points, the main risk factors for developing PPD identified as significant by both univariate and multivariate analysis were personal history of depressive episodes and mothers experiencing psychosocial stressors. Other risk factors occurring in both types of analysis were: family history of depression from expectant mother's paternal side (prenatal), mothers living without partners (6 weeks postpartum) and feelings of unhappiness about being pregnant (6 months postpartum). Several protective factors were also observed: male child gender (prenatal), primiparous mothers (6 months postpartum), and secondary education (prenatal, only by multivariate analysis). Significant risk factors found solely by univariate analysis were family history of depression in both parents of the expectant mother (prenatal and 6 weeks postpartum), family history of depression from subject's maternal side (6 months postpartum), unintentional pregnancy (prenatal and 6 weeks postpartum), feelings of unhappiness about being pregnant (prenatal and 6 weeks postpartum), primary education (prenatal and 6 weeks postpartum), mothers who opted not to breastfeed (6 months postpartum) and mothers living without partners (prenatal and 6 months postpartum). Family savings were identified as protective factor (prenatal and 6 months postpartum). CONCLUSIONS We identified significant predictors of PPD. These predictors can be easily detected in clinical practice, and systematic screening can lead to identifying potentially at risk mothers. Since the risk is linked with experience of psychosocial stressors it seems that they might benefit from increased psychosocial support to prevent affective pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fiala
- Department of Psychiatry, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Švancara
- 0000 0001 2194 0956grid.10267.32Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,0000 0001 2194 0956grid.10267.32Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- 0000 0001 2194 0956grid.10267.32Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- 0000 0001 2194 0956grid.10267.32Department of Psychiatry, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Filip P, Gallea C, Lehéricy S, Bertasi E, Popa T, Mareček R, Lungu OV, Kašpárek T, Vaníček J, Bareš M. Disruption in cerebellar and basal ganglia networks during a visuospatial task in cervical dystonia. Mov Disord 2017; 32:757-768. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Filip
- Central European Institute of Technology; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement; Paris France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement; Paris France
| | - Eric Bertasi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement; Paris France
| | - Traian Popa
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie CURIE Univ Paris 06, University of Minnesota Rochester (UMR) S 1127, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, ICM team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement; Paris France
| | - Radek Mareček
- Central European Institute of Technology; CEITEC MU, Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ovidiu V. Lungu
- Department of Psychiatry; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit; Research Center of the Geriatric Institute affiliated with the Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Central European Institute of Technology; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and Teaching Hospital Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vaníček
- Department of Imaging Methods; Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bareš
- Central European Institute of Technology; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology; School of Medicine, University of Minnesota; Minneapolis USA
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Lošák J, Hüttlová J, Lipová P, Mareček R, Bareš M, Filip P, Žůbor J, Ustohal L, Vaníček J, Kašpárek T. Predictive Motor Timing and the Cerebellar Vermis in Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1517-1527. [PMID: 27190280 PMCID: PMC5049535 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in both time processing and dopamine (DA) neurotransmission have been observed in schizophrenia. Time processing seems to be linked to DA neurotransmission. The cognitive dysmetria hypothesis postulates that psychosis might be a manifestation of the loss of coordination of mental processes due to impaired timing. The objective of the present study was to analyze timing abilities and their corresponding functional neuroanatomy in schizophrenia. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a predictive motor timing paradigm in 28 schizophrenia patients and 27 matched healthy controls (HC). The schizophrenia patients showed accelerated time processing compared to HC; the amount of the acceleration positively correlated with the degree of positive psychotic symptoms and negatively correlated with antipsychotic dose. This dysfunctional predictive timing was associated with BOLD signal activity alterations in several brain networks, especially those previously described as timing networks (basal ganglia, cerebellum, SMA, and insula) and reward networks (hippocampus, amygdala, and NAcc). BOLD signal activity in the cerebellar vermis was negatively associated with accelerated time processing. Several lines of evidence suggest a direct link between DA transmission and the cerebellar vermis that could explain their relevance for the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lošák
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatrická klinika FN Brno a LF MU, Jihlavská 20, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; tel: +420-776273205, fax: +420-532233706, e-mail:
| | - Jitka Hüttlová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lipová
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavel Filip
- Department of Neurology, St Anne’s Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;,Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Žůbor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Ustohal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vaníček
- Department of Imaging Methods, St Anne’s Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic;,Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group, CEITEC-MU, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several lines of evidence suggest an adverse effect of psychotic episodes on brain morphology. It is not clear if this relationship reflects the cumulative effect of psychotic outbursts on the gradual progressive reduction of hippocampal tissue or an increased tendency toward psychotic episodes in patients with a smaller hippocampus at the beginning of the illness. METHODS This is a longitudinal 4-year prospective study of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES, N = 58). Baseline brain anatomical scans (at FES) were analysed using voxel-based morphometry and atlas-based volumetry of the hippocampal subfields. The effects of first-episode duration on the hippocampal morphology, and the effect of baseline hippocampal morphology on illness course with relapses, number of psychotic episodes and residual symptoms were analysed. RESULTS A significant negative correlation was detected between first-episode duration and baseline hippocampal morphology. Relapse, number of psychotic episodes and residual symptoms had no correlation with baseline hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS We replicated the effect of psychosis duration on hippocampal volume already at the time first-episode, which supports the concept of toxicity of psychosis. The indices of a later unfavourable course of schizophrenia had no correlation with baseline brain morphology, suggesting that there is no baseline morphological abnormality of the hippocampus that predisposes the patient to frequent psychotic outbursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hýža
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Matyáš Kuhn
- b Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group , Ceitec-MU, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Češková
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic ;,c Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Libor Ustohal
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic ;,c Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- a Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic ;,b Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Group , Ceitec-MU, Masaryk University , Brno , Czech Republic ;,c Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Brno , Brno , Czech Republic
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Kašpárek T, Krpoun Z, Landa L, Kolářová M. ID 363 – Development of novel paradigms for social neuroscience – Ongoing bilateral project. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bareš M, Apps R, Kikinis Z, Timmann D, Oz G, Ashe JJ, Loft M, Koutsikou S, Cerminara N, Bushara KO, Kašpárek T. Proceedings of the workshop on Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia and Cortical Connections Unmasked in Health and Disorder held in Brno, Czech Republic, October 17th, 2013. Cerebellum 2015; 14:142-50. [PMID: 25205331 PMCID: PMC5035040 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The proceedings of the workshop synthesize the experimental, preclinical, and clinical data suggesting that the cerebellum, basal ganglia (BG), and their connections play an important role in pathophysiology of various movement disorders (like Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes) or neurodevelopmental disorders (like autism). The contributions from individual distinguished speakers cover the neuroanatomical research of complex networks, neuroimaging data showing that the cerebellum and BG are connected to a wide range of other central nervous system structures involved in movement control. Especially, the cerebellum plays a more complex role in how the brain functions than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bareš
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic,
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Hýža M, Huttlová J, Keřkovský M, Kašpárek T. Psychosis effect on hippocampal reduction in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:186-92. [PMID: 24140928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In schizophrenia, disruption of the neurodevelopmental processes may lead to brain changes and subsequent clinical manifestations of the illness. Reports of the progressive nature of these morphological brain changes raise questions about their causes. The possible toxic effects of repeated stressful psychotic episodes may contribute to the disease progression. OBJECTIVES To analyze the influence of illness duration and previous psychotic episodes on hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) in schizophrenia. METHODS We performed an analysis of hippocampal GMV correlations with illness duration, number of previous psychotic episodes, and age in 24 schizophrenia patients and 24 matched healthy controls. RESULTS We found a cluster of GMV voxels in the left hippocampal tail that negatively correlated with the number of previous psychotic episodes, independent from the effect of age. On the other hand we found no effect of illness duration independent of age on the hippocampal GMV. Finally, we found a cluster of significant group-by-age interaction in the left hippocampal head. CONCLUSIONS We found an additive adverse effect of psychotic episodes on hippocampal morphology in schizophrenia. Our findings support toxicity of psychosis concept, together with etiological heterogeneity of brain changes in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hýža
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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Barteček R, Juřica J, Zrůstová J, Kašpárek T, Pindurová E, Žourková A. Relevance of CYP2D6 variability in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2012; 33:236-244. [PMID: 22592207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this prospective, naturalistic study, conducted in first-episode psychosis patients from a Central-European population, was to assess the utility of Cytochrome P-450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotype testing under normal clinical setting. METHODS A total of 35 patients diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia or acute schizophrenia-like psychotic disorder and treated with risperidone were enrolled in the study. These patients underwent sequentiation of the CYP2D6 gene and evaluations of symptoms and severity of adverse effects using the PANSS and UKU scales, respectively. Doses of antipsychotics and other co-medication were monitored as well. In statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test was used to compare ratios and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used in the comparison of continual variables. RESULTS PM patients showed a significantly lower reduction in psychotic symptoms and a greater severity of psychotic symptoms following risperidone treatment and higher doses of antipsychotics not metabolized by CYP2D6, which were used as co-medication. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, patients with the PM genotype experiencing first-episode schizophrenia don't appear to be optimal recipients of risperidone treatment. However, as the main limitation of this study was the relatively small sample-size, replication with a larger scale study is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Barteček
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
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Ceskova E, Kašpárek T, Dufek J, Valentova D, Palcikova I, Dockalova R. Individualized treatment of eating disorders. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2010; 31:754-760. [PMID: 21196922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to determine how a comprehensive approach comprising a combination of a particular psychotherapeutic programme and antidepressant treatment influences the signs and symptoms of eating disorders. METHODS Inpatients entering a particular 6-week programme were assessed using body mass index (BMI), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and psychological symptoms using Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). RESULTS In the whole group (n=84) the mean BMI remained stable (17.9, 17.8). There was a significant effect of TIME in the repeated measures ANOVA with most of dependent variables. The "TREATMENT" had no effect (antidepressants, no antidepressants) and there was no significant interaction between "TREATMENT" and "TIME". Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences between baseline and end-point values of all but two EDI, all EAT items and some SCL dimensions in the antidepressant-treated group. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive and individualized approach is able to achieve weight stabilization, and improvement in attitudes, pathological eating behaviour and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ceskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
OBJECTS To evaluate the risperidone effect on prolactin (PRL) levels and to analyse the relation between PRL change and treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia patients. METHOD Patients with a first-episode of schizophrenia who were consecutively admitted for hospitalisation participated in a longitudinal follow-up study that included clinical evaluation (PANSS) and PRL assessment. All patients were treated under open conditions with risperidone. RESULTS Risperidone in an average dose lower than 4 mg significantly improved both positive and negative symptoms. Co-operating responders undergoing maintenance therapy showed a mild trend towards further long-term improvement. At the end of acute treatment the average elevation of PRL levels almost doubled the baseline value. There was a trend among responders to return to their initial values during long-term therapy. Three-quarters of the subjects had hyperprolactinaemia at the end of acute treatment (44 days), and after 1 year about one-quarter had hyperprolactinaemia. No significant correlation between PRL change and PANSS score change was found. CONCLUSION There is a considerable variation of PRL elevation among subjects. In some patients the development of tolerance of the PRL-elevating effect was observed. Risperidone-induced changes of PRL levels may not be associated with treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Češková
- a Departments of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Přikryl
- a Departments of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- a Departments of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Ondrušová
- a Departments of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Objective. To compare insight impairment, including its temporal changes, between remitters and nonremitters in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Method. Males, consecutively hospitalized with diagnosed first-episode schizophrenia (according to ICD 10), who provided written informed consent, and were reassessed at the 1-year follow-up were included. The psychopathology was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) prior to acute treatment - on admission; at the end of the acute treatment - at discharge; at the 1-year follow-up. Insight was measured using item G12 from the PANSS. Results. Ninety-three patients (mean age 23 years, mean duration of illness 0.77 years) were reassessed after 1 year. A total of 73/93 patients (78%) fulfilled the criteria for remission. When compared, remitters and nonremitters showed no significant difference in impaired judgement and insight on admission. The mean value of this item was significantly lower at discharge even in nonremitters; however, a significantly higher value was found after 1 year in nonremitters. In remitters the impaired insight decreased significantly at discharge and there was a significant additional decrease after 1 year. In nonremitters there was a significant decrease at discharge; however, a significant increase was observed after 1 year. In the 73 remitters the rate of insight impairment was 79.4% on admission, 46.6% at discharge and 10.9% after 1 year; the same values were 90, 20 and 70% in the 20 nonremitters. In both remitters and nonremitters the lack of judgement and insight was the first or second most frequently observed item at all three time points. The impaired insight on admission was strongly associated with the overall symptomatology, including positive, negative and general psychopathology on admission in both remitters and nonremitters. Only in remitters was the impaired insight at discharge associated with symptoms at discharge, on admission and also after 1 year. The impaired insight at the 1-year follow-up was associated with some symptoms after 1 year in both remitters and nonremitters. Conclusion. Insight may be state dependent, especially in patients with a good outcome. Attitudes towards treatment and insight into the illness may vary during the course of the illness. However, more longitudinal prospective studies are needed to verify such state-related change, and the factors that may underlie the acquisition of insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cešková
- Department of Psychiatry, Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
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