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De Silva M, Dunn RC. Electric field-enhanced backscatter interferometry detection for capillary electrophoresis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2110. [PMID: 38267528 PMCID: PMC10808210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Backscatter interferometry (BSI) is a refractive index (RI) detection method that is easily integrated with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and is capable of detecting species ranging from inorganic ions to proteins without additional labels or contrast agents. The BSI signal changes linearly with the square of the separation voltage which has been used to quantify sample injection, but has not been explored as a potential signal enhancement mechanism in CE. Here we develop a mathematical model that predicts a signal enhancement at high field strengths, where the BSI signal is dominated by the voltage dependent mechanism. This is confirmed in both simulation and experiment, which show that the analyte peak area grows linearly with separation voltage at high field strengths. This effect can be exploited by adjusting the background electrolyte (BGE) to increase the conductivity difference between the BGE and analyte zones, which is shown to improve BSI performance. We also show that this approach has utility in small bore capillaries where larger separation fields can be applied before excess Joule heating degrades the separation. Unlike other optical detection methods that generally degrade as the optical pathlength is reduced, the BSI signal-to-noise can improve in small bore capillaries as the larger separation fields enhance the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuru De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Robert C Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
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2
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Ray M, Sayeed A, Ganshert M, Saha A. Direct Binding Methods to Measure Receptor-Ligand Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3-19. [PMID: 38134048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contribute to numerous physiological processes via complex network mechanisms. While indirect signaling assays (Ca2+ mobilization, cAMP production, and GTPγS binding) have been useful in identifying and characterizing downstream signaling mechanisms of GPCRs, these methods lack measurements of direct binding affinities, kinetics, binding specificity, and selectivity that are important parameters in GPCR drug discovery. In comparison to existing direct methods that use radio- or fluorescent labels, label-free techniques can closely emulate the native interactions around binding partners. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free technique that utilizes the refractive index (RI) property and is applied widely in quantitative GPCR-ligand binding kinetics measurement including small molecules screening. However, purified GPCRs are further embedded in a synthetic lipid environment which is immobilized through different tags to the SPR sensor surface, resulting in a non-native environment. Here, we introduced a methodology that also uses the RI property to measure binding interactions in a label-free, immobilization-free arrangement. The free-solution technique is successfully applied in quantifying the interaction of bioactive lipids to cognate lipid GPCRs, which is not purified but rather present in near-native conditions, i.e., in milieu of other cytoplasmic lipids and proteins. To further consider the wide applicability of these free-solution approaches in biomolecular interaction research, additional applications on a variety of receptor-ligand pairs are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1068 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Aryana Sayeed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1068 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Madeline Ganshert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1068 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Chemistry Bldg, 144, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
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3
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Jonnalagadda D, Kihara Y, Groves A, Ray M, Saha A, Ellington C, Lee-Okada HC, Furihata T, Yokomizo T, Quadros EV, Rivera R, Chun J. FTY720 requires vitamin B 12-TCN2-CD320 signaling in astrocytes to reduce disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113545. [PMID: 38064339 PMCID: PMC11066976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency causes neurological manifestations resembling multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a molecular explanation for the similarity is unknown. FTY720 (fingolimod) is a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and sphingosine analog approved for MS therapy that can functionally antagonize S1P1. Here, we report that FTY720 suppresses neuroinflammation by functionally and physically regulating the B12 pathways. Genetic and pharmacological S1P1 inhibition upregulates a transcobalamin 2 (TCN2)-B12 receptor, CD320, in immediate-early astrocytes (ieAstrocytes; a c-Fos-activated astrocyte subset that tracks with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE] severity). CD320 is also reduced in MS plaques. Deficiency of CD320 or dietary B12 restriction worsens EAE and eliminates FTY720's efficacy while concomitantly downregulating type I interferon signaling. TCN2 functions as a chaperone for FTY720 and sphingosine, whose complex induces astrocytic CD320 internalization, suggesting a delivery mechanism of FTY720/sphingosine via the TCN2-CD320 pathway. Taken together, the B12-TCN2-CD320 pathway is essential for the mechanism of action of FTY720.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Aran Groves
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Clayton Ellington
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Edward V Quadros
- Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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4
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Cerutis DR, Weston MD, Miyamoto T. Entering, Linked with the Sphinx: Lysophosphatidic Acids Everywhere, All at Once, in the Oral System and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10278. [PMID: 37373424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is crucial to overall health, and periodontal disease (PDD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Over the past decade, PDD has been recognized as a significant contributor to systemic inflammation. Here, we relate our seminal work defining the role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptors (LPARs) in the oral system with findings and parallels relevant to cancer. We discuss the largely unexplored fine-tuning potential of LPA species for biological control of complex immune responses and suggest approaches for the areas where we believe more research should be undertaken to advance our understanding of signaling at the level of the cellular microenvironment in biological processes where LPA is a key player so we can better treat diseases such as PDD, cancer, and emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roselyn Cerutis
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Michael D Weston
- Department of Oral Biology, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Takanari Miyamoto
- Department of Periodontics, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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5
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Khiar-Fernández N, Zian D, Vázquez-Villa H, Martínez RF, Escobar-Peña A, Foronda-Sainz R, Ray M, Puigdomenech-Poch M, Cincilla G, Sánchez-Martínez M, Kihara Y, Chun J, López-Vales R, López-Rodríguez ML, Ortega-Gutiérrez S. Novel Antagonist of the Type 2 Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor (LPA 2), UCM-14216, Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10956-10974. [PMID: 35948083 PMCID: PMC9421655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) irreversibly disrupt spinal
connectivity,
leading to permanent neurological disabilities. Current medical treatments
for reducing the secondary damage that follows the initial injury
are limited to surgical decompression and anti-inflammatory drugs,
so there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies. Inhibition
of the type 2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA2) has
recently emerged as a new potential pharmacological approach to decrease
SCI-associated damage. Toward validating this receptor as a target
in SCI, we have developed a new series of LPA2 antagonists,
among which compound 54 (UCM-14216) stands out as a potent
and selective LPA2 receptor antagonist (Emax = 90%, IC50 = 1.9 μM, KD = 1.3 nM; inactive at LPA1,3–6 receptors).
This compound shows efficacy in an in vivo mouse model of SCI in an
LPA2-dependent manner, confirming the potential of LPA2 inhibition for providing a new alternative for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Khiar-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Debora Zian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - R Fernando Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Andrea Escobar-Peña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Román Foronda-Sainz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Manisha Ray
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Maria Puigdomenech-Poch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, BarcelonaE-08193, Spain
| | - Giovanni Cincilla
- Molomics, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri i Reixac 4-8, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Melchor Sánchez-Martínez
- Molomics, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri i Reixac 4-8, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Burua Scientific, Sant Pere de Ribes E-08810, Spain
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jerold Chun
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rubèn López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, BarcelonaE-08193, Spain
| | - María L López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
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6
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Su J, Krock E, Barde S, Delaney A, Ribeiro J, Kato J, Agalave N, Wigerblad G, Matteo R, Sabbadini R, Josephson A, Chun J, Kultima K, Peyruchaud O, Hökfelt T, Svensson CI. Pain-like behavior in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis model is regulated by lysophosphatidic acid and activation of satellite glia cells. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:214-230. [PMID: 35026421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and neuropathic-like components underlie rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated pain, and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is linked to both joint inflammation in RA patients and to neuropathic pain. Thus, we investigated a role for LPA signalling using the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model. Pain-like behavior during the inflammatory phase and the late, neuropathic-like phase of CAIA was reversed by a neutralizing antibody generated against LPA and by an LPA1/3 receptor inhibitor, but joint inflammation was not affected. Autotaxin, an LPA synthesizing enzyme was upregulated in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons during both CAIA phases, but not in joints or spinal cord. Late-phase pronociceptive neurochemical changes in the DRG were blocked in Lpar1 receptor deficient mice and reversed by LPA neutralization. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that LPA regulates pain-like behavior via the LPA1 receptor on satellite glia cells (SGCs), which is expressed by both human and mouse SGCs in the DRG. Furthermore, CAIA-induced SGC activity is reversed by phospholipid neutralization and blocked in Lpar1 deficient mice. Our findings suggest that the regulation of CAIA-induced pain-like behavior by LPA signalling is a peripheral event, associated with the DRGs and involving increased pronociceptive activity of SGCs, which in turn act on sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emerson Krock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ada Delaney
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jungo Kato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nilesh Agalave
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Wigerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Roger Sabbadini
- LPath Inc, San Diego, United States; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 92182, United States
| | - Anna Josephson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerold Chun
- Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Hoshino Y, Okuno T, Saigusa D, Kano K, Yamamoto S, Shindou H, Aoki J, Uchida K, Yokomizo T, Ito N. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1/3 antagonist inhibits the activation of satellite glial cells and reduces acute nociceptive responses. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22236. [PMID: 35218596 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101678r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) exerts various biological activities through six characterized G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6 ). While LPA-LPA1 signaling contributes toward the demyelination and retraction of C-fiber and induces neuropathic pain, the effects of LPA-LPA1 signaling on acute nociceptive pain is uncertain. This study investigated the role of LPA-LPA1 signaling in acute nociceptive pain using the formalin test. The pharmacological inhibition of the LPA-LPA1 axis significantly attenuated formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. The LPA1 mRNA was expressed in satellite glial cells (SGCs) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and was particularly abundant in SGCs surrounding large DRG neurons, which express neurofilament 200. Treatment with LPA1/3 receptor (LPA1/3 ) antagonist inhibited the upregulation of glial markers and inflammatory cytokines in DRG following formalin injection. The LPA1/3 antagonist also attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, especially in SGCs and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in the dorsal horn following formalin injection. LPA amounts after formalin injection to the footpad were quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and LPA levels were found to be increased in the innervated DRGs. Our results indicate that LPA produced in the innervated DRGs promotes the activation of SGCs through LPA1 , increases the sensitivity of primary neurons, and modulates pain behavior. These results facilitate our understanding of the pathology of acute nociceptive pain and demonstrate the possibility of the LPA1 on SGCs as a novel target for acute pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanji Uchida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Kihara Y, Jonnalagadda D, Zhu Y, Ray M, Ngo T, Palmer C, Rivera R, Chun J. Ponesimod inhibits astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and protects against cingulum demyelination via S1P 1 -selective modulation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22132. [PMID: 34986275 PMCID: PMC8740777 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101531r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ponesimod is a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulator that was recently approved for treating relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Three other FDA‐approved S1PR modulators for MS—fingolimod, siponimod, and ozanimod—share peripheral immunological effects via common S1P1 interactions, yet ponesimod may access distinct central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms through its selectivity for the S1P1 receptor. Here, ponesimod was examined for S1PR internalization and binding, human astrocyte signaling and single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) gene expression, and in vivo using murine cuprizone‐mediated demyelination. Studies confirmed ponesimod’s selectivity for S1P1 without comparable engagement to the other S1PR subtypes (S1P2,3,4,5). Ponesimod showed pharmacological properties of acute agonism followed by chronic functional antagonism of S1P1. A major locus of S1P1 expression in the CNS is on astrocytes, and scRNA‐seq of primary human astrocytes exposed to ponesimod identified a gene ontology relationship of reduced neuroinflammation and reduction in known astrocyte disease‐related genes including those of immediate early astrocytes that have been strongly associated with disease progression in MS animal models. Remarkably, ponesimod prevented cuprizone‐induced demyelination selectively in the cingulum, but not in the corpus callosum. These data support the CNS activities of ponesimod through S1P1, including protective, and likely selective, effects against demyelination in a major connection pathway of the brain, the limbic fibers of the cingulum, lesions of which have been associated with several neurologic impairments including MS fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Deepa Jonnalagadda
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yunjiao Zhu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carter Palmer
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Translational Neuroscience Initiative, La Jolla, California, USA
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9
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Ray M, Kihara Y, Bornhop DJ, Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-antibody (504B3) engagement detected by interferometry identifies off-target binding. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:32. [PMID: 33853612 PMCID: PMC8048308 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that acts through its six cognate G protein-coupled receptors. As a family, lysophospholipids have already produced medicines (e.g., sphingosine 1-phosphate) as is being pursued for LPA through the use of specific antibodies that reduce ligand availability. Methods The binding properties of a commercially available, reportedly specific, monoclonal LPA antibody named 504B3 that is related to the clinical candidate Lpathomab/LT3015 were reexamined using a free solution assay (FSA) measured in a compensated interferometric reader (CIR). Results Measurement of 504B3 binding properties with an FSA-CIR approach revealed similar binding affinities for 504B3 against LPA as well as the non-LPA lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Conclusions Antibody binding specificity and sensitivity, particularly involving lipid ligands, can be assessed in solution and without labels using FSA-CIR. These findings could affect interpretations of both current and past basic and clinical studies employing 504B3 and related anti-LPA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Darryl J Bornhop
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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10
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Birgbauer E. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling in Nervous System Development and Function. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:68-85. [PMID: 33151452 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One class of molecules that are now coming to be recognized as essential for our understanding of the nervous system are the lysophospholipids. One of the major signaling lysophospholipids is lysophosphatidic acid, also known as LPA. LPA activates a variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leading to a multitude of physiological responses. In this review, I describe our current understanding of the role of LPA and LPA receptor signaling in the development and function of the nervous system, especially the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, I highlight how aberrant LPA receptor signaling may underlie neuropathological conditions, with important clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Birgbauer
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA.
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