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Kugo H, Yata T, Kanai R, Naruse E, Inuzuka K, Tanaka H, Yanagimoto K, Moriyama T, Unno N, Kogirima M, Zaima N. Survey of Food Intake in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:211-218. [PMID: 36631104 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease that involves asymptomatic progressive expansion of the abdominal aorta. Aneurysm rupture is associated with a high mortality rate. Dietary conditions may be associated with the development and rupture of AAA. However, the relationship between nutrition and AAA is not completely understood. In this study, a nutrition survey was conducted using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) to evaluate the relationship between AAA and dietary habits. One-hundred and twenty-six Japanese people participated in the nutrition survey. Food intake status was analyzed in four groups: the analyzed group-1 (all men), analyzed group-2 (men with smoking history), analyzed group-3 (all women) and analyzed group-4 (women without smoking history). In group-2 and group-3, the intake of citrus fruits was significantly lower in the AAA group than in the non-AAA group. In group-2, the intake of soybean and soybean products was significantly lower in the AAA group than in the non-AAA group. In analyzed group-3, the intake of other vegetables (vegetables except for green and yellow vegetables and soybeans) and seafood was significantly lower in the AAA group than in the non-AAA group. This study suggests that AAA onset may be associated with low intake of fruits, soybeans, vegetables, and seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Tatsuro Yata
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center
| | - Rie Kanai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Ena Naruse
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University.,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center
| | - Miho Kogirima
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University.,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University
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Kugo H, Tanaka H, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Pathological Implication of Adipocytes in AAA Development and the Rupture. Ann Vasc Dis 2018; 11:159-168. [PMID: 30116407 PMCID: PMC6094042 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.17-00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease that involves the gradual dilation of the abdominal aorta followed by its rupture. AAA is closely associated with weakening of the vascular wall due to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. No effective drug therapy is currently available for preventing aneurysm progression or rupture. Adipocytes in the vascular wall are reportedly closely associated with AAA development and rupture. Fiber degradation in the aneurysm wall is enhanced by increased numbers of adipocytes, and rupture risk may increase as well. Recent studies suggested that appropriate control of adipocytes in the vascular wall may be an important strategy to prevent AAA rupture, and further studies may aid in the establishment of a method for preventing AAA rupture by therapeutic drugs or functional foods. In this review, we summarize adipocyte function and the correlation between AAA and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
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Zheng J, Li Z, Manabe Y, Kim M, Goto T, Kawada T, Sugawara T. Siphonaxanthin, a Carotenoid From Green Algae, Inhibits Lipogenesis in Hepatocytes via the Suppression of Liver X Receptor α Activity. Lipids 2018; 53:41-52. [PMID: 29446839 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has shown an increasing morbidity in recent years. Here, we demonstrated that siphonaxanthin (SPX), a rare marine carotenoid, exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on aggravated hepatic lipogenesis in vitro and would be a promising candidate in the prevention and alleviation of NAFLD in the future. In this study, we conducted a preliminary assessment of the effect of SPX on hepatic lipogenesis by using the HepG2 cell line, derived from human liver cancer, as a model of the liver. SPX significantly suppressed the excess accumulation of triacylglycerol induced by liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonist by downregulating a nuclear transcription factor named sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and a set of related genes. Moreover, fatty acid translocase (CD36) and fatty acid-binding protein-1, which regulates fatty acid uptake, also exhibited significant decrease in transcriptional levels. Furthermore, we found that SPX blocked LXRα activation and would be a promising candidate for antagonist of LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zheng
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhuosi Li
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Oh SL, Lee SR, Kim JS. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid/n-3 and resistance training on muscle quality and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases in middle-aged mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:11-18. [PMID: 29036761 PMCID: PMC5643205 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)/n-3 supplements and resistance exercise training (RT) for 20 weeks on muscle quality and genes related to protein synthesis/degradation in middle-aged mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. METHODS Nine-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: 1) normal diet (C), 2) high-fat diet (H), 3) H+RT (HRT), 4) H+CLA/n-3 (H-CN), and 5) H+RT+CLA/n-3 (H-RTCN). HFD groups were given a diet containing 60% fat for 20 weeks, and exercised groups underwent progressive RT using weighted ladder climbing. The CLA/n-3 mixed diet contained 1% CLA and 1% n-3. Grip strength was assessed, and triceps were removed. RT-PCR was used to analyze transcript levels. RESULTS Grip strength of the H group was significantly lower than that of the C group; however, those in the H-CN, H-RT, and H-RTN groups were significantly greater than that in the H group. However, the muscle quality was significantly greater only in the H-RT group compared with the H and H-CN groups. Akt expression decreased in the H-CN, H-RT, and H-RTCN groups compared with those in the C and H groups, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin expression increased in the H, H-CN, H-RT, and H-RTCN groups compared with that in the C group. However, atrogin1 was significantly downregulated in the H-RTCN group compared with that in the H and H-CN groups, and MuRF1 expression was also decreased in the H-RT and H-RTCN groups. Interestingly, atrogin1 and MuRF1 were downregulated in the H-RTCN group compared with that in the H-CN group. CONCLUSION HFD-mediated gene expression involved in protein degradation was attenuated following 20-week RT with CLA/n-3. Furthermore, RT with or without CLA/n-3 improved grip strength and muscle quality in middle-aged mice during HFD. Therefore, RT with CLA/n-3 during HFD may improve muscle strength and quality by suppressing protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Lyul Oh
- Aging & Mobility Biophysics Lab, Dept. of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Dance, New Mexico State University, NM United States, USA
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Science, Florida State University, FL United States, USA
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5
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Furumoto H, Nanthirudjanar T, Kume T, Izumi Y, Park SB, Kitamura N, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Hirata T, Sugawara T. 10-Oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid generated from linoleic acid by a gut lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum is cytoprotective against oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 296:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nanthirudjanar T, Furumoto H, Zheng J, Kim YI, Goto T, Takahashi N, Kawada T, Park SB, Hirata A, Kitamura N, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Gut Microbial Fatty Acid Metabolites Reduce Triacylglycerol Levels in Hepatocytes. Lipids 2015; 50:1093-102. [PMID: 26399511 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy and oxo fatty acids were recently found to be produced as intermediates during gut microbial fatty acid metabolism. Lactobacillus plantarum produces these fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. In this study, we investigated the effects of these gut microbial fatty acid metabolites on the lipogenesis in liver cells. We screened their effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression in HepG2 cells treated with a synthetic liver X receptor α (LXRα) agonist (T0901317). The results showed that 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (18:1) (HYA), 10-hydroxy-6(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (18:2) (γHYA), 10-oxo-12(Z)-18:1 (KetoA), and 10-oxo-6(Z),12(Z)-18:2 (γKetoA) significantly decreased SREBP-1c mRNA expression induced by T0901317. These fatty acids also downregulated the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes by suppressing LXRα activity and inhibiting SREBP-1 maturation. Oral administration of KetoA, which effectively reduced triacylglycerol accumulation and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) expression in HepG2 cells, for 2 weeks significantly decreased Srebp-1c, Scd-1, and Acc2 expression in the liver of mice fed a high-sucrose diet. Our findings suggest that the hypolipidemic effect of the fatty acid metabolites produced by L. plantarum can be exploited in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases or dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharnath Nanthirudjanar
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Furumoto
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Si-Bum Park
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Hirata
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kitamura
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Shijonawate Gakuen University, Daito, 574-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts Technology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Omega-3 fatty acids protect renal functions by increasing docosahexaenoic acid-derived metabolite levels in SHR.Cg-Lepr(cp)/NDmcr rats, a metabolic syndrome model. Molecules 2014; 19:3247-63. [PMID: 24642910 PMCID: PMC6271130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) protect against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of highly purified DHA and EPA or EPA only administration on renal function and renal eicosanoid and docosanoid levels in an animal model of metabolic syndrome, SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr (SHRcp) rats. Male SHRcp rats were divided into 3 groups. Control (5% arabic gum), TAK-085 (300 mg/kg/day, containing 467 mg/g EPA and 365 mg/g DHA), or EPA (300 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 20 weeks. The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in the TAK-085-administered group was significantly lower than that in other groups. The glomerular sclerosis score in the TAK-085-administered group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. Although DHA levels were increased in total kidney fatty acids, the levels of nonesterified DHA were not significantly different among the 3 groups, whereas the levels of protectin D1, resolvin D1, and resolvin D2 were significantly increased in the TAK-085-administered group. The results show that the use of combination therapy with DHA and EPA in SHRcp rats improved or prevented renal failure associate with metabolic syndrome with decreasing triglyceride levels and increasing ω-3 PUFA lipid mediators.
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Bays HE, Tighe AP, Sadovsky R, Davidson MH. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid effects: physiologic mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 6:391-409. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tanaka H, Zaima N, Ito H, Hattori K, Yamamoto N, Konno H, Setou M, Unno N. Cilostazol inhibits accumulation of triglycerides in a rat model of carotid artery ligation. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58:1366-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Nanthirudjanar T, Furumoto H, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Oxidized eicosapentaenoic acids more potently reduce LXRα-induced cellular triacylglycerol via suppression of SREBP-1c, PGC-1β and GPA than its intact form. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:73. [PMID: 23680128 PMCID: PMC3680052 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), improve lipid metabolism and contribute to the prevention of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, EPA in the diet is easily oxidized at room temperature and several types of oxidized EPA (OEPA) derivatives are generated. To compare the efficiencies of OEPAs on lipid metabolism with EPA, human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) was treated with EPA or OEPAs and their effects on lipid metabolism related genes were studied. OEPAs more potently suppressed the expression of sterol-responsive element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, a major transcription factor that activates the expression of lipogenic genes, and its downstream target genes than did EPA under conditions of lipid synthesis enhanced by T0901317, a synthetic liver X receptor (LXR) agonist. Furthermore, PGC-1β, a coactivator of both LXRα and SREBP-1, was markedly down-regulated by OEPAs compared with EPA. The treatment of OEPAs also significantly down-regulated the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPA), the initiating enzyme in triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis, more than EPA. Therefore, the advantageous effects of OEPAs on cardiovascular diseases might be due to their SREBP-1c, PGC-1β and GPA mediated ameliorating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharnath Nanthirudjanar
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Vaughan RA, Garcia-Smith R, Bisoffi M, Conn CA, Trujillo KA. Conjugated linoleic acid or omega 3 fatty acids increase mitochondrial biosynthesis and metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:142. [PMID: 23107305 PMCID: PMC3515476 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids are popular dietary supplements advertised to contribute to weight loss by increasing fat metabolism in liver, but the effects on overall muscle metabolism are less established. We evaluated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or combination omega 3 on metabolic characteristics in muscle cells. Methods Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells were treated with either DMSO control, or CLA or combination omega 3 for 24 or 48 hours. RNA was determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Mitochondrial content was determined using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Metabolism was quantified by measuring extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption rates. Results Omega 3 significantly induced metabolic genes as well as oxidative metabolism (oxygen consumption), glycolytic capacity (extracellular acidification), and metabolic rate compared with control. Both treatments significantly increased mitochondrial content. Conclusion Omega 3 fatty acids appear to enhance glycolytic, oxidative, and total metabolism. Moreover, both omega 3 and CLA treatment significantly increase mitochondrial content compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, 1 University Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Tanaka H, Zaima N, Sasaki T, Yamamoto N, Sano M, Konno H, Setou M, Unno N. Loss of lymphatic vessels and regional lipid accumulation is associated with great saphenous vein incompetence. J Vasc Surg 2012; 55:1440-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Oshaghi EA, Sorkhani AN, Rezaei A. Effects of Walnut on Lipid Profile as Well as the Expression of Sterol-Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1c(SREBP-1c) and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors <i>α</i> (PPAR<i>α</i>) in Diabetic Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.32037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Metabolic disorders and steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: metabolic strategies for antiviral treatments. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:264017. [PMID: 22701799 PMCID: PMC3373124 DOI: 10.1155/2012/264017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is closely associated with hepatic metabolic disorders. Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are both relatively common in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Recent investigations suggest that HCV infection changes the expression profile of lipid-metabolism-associated factors in the liver, conferring advantages to the life cycle of HCV. Moreover, insulin resistance and steatosis are independent predictors of impaired response to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C. In this paper, we summarize our current knowledge of hepatic metabolic disorders and describe how HCV leads to and exploits these hepatic disorders. We also discuss the clinical significance of insulin sensitizers used to improve insulin resistance and lipid modulators used to manage lipid metabolism as potential treatment options for chronic hepatitis C.
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential molecule for the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). This review focuses on the roles of cholesterol in HCV infection and introduces HCV events related to cholesterol metabolism and applications for cholesterol metabolism as a therapeutic target. HCV appears to alter host lipid metabolism into its preferable state, which is clinically recognized as steatosis and hypocholesterolemia. While hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride syntheses are upregulated in chronic hepatitis C patients, no direct evidence of increased hepatic de novo cholesterol biosynthesis has been obtained. Impaired VLDL secretion from hepatocytes is suggested to increase intracellular cholesterol concentrations, which may lead to hypocholesterolemia. Clinically, lower serum cholesterol levels are associated with lower rates of sustained virological responses (SVR) to pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin therapy, but the reason remains unclear. Clinical trials targeting HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, are being conducted using statins. Anti-HCV actions by statins appear to be caused by the inhibition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthesis rather than their cholesterol lowering effects. Other compounds that block various steps of cholesterol metabolic pathways have also been studied to develop new strategies for the complete eradication of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tanaka H, Zaima N, Yamamoto N, Suzuki M, Mano Y, Konno H, Unno N, Setou M. Distribution of phospholipid molecular species in autogenous access grafts for hemodialysis analyzed using imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1873-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Zaima N, Goto-Inoue N, Adachi K, Setou M. Selective Analysis of Lipids by Thin-Layer Chromatography Blot Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 2011; 60:93-8. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.60.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Bays HE, McKenney J, Maki KC, Doyle RT, Carter RN, Stein E. Effects of prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters on non--high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when coadministered with escalating doses of atorvastatin. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85:122-8. [PMID: 20118387 PMCID: PMC2813819 DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2009.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters on non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in atorvastatin-treated patients with elevated non-HDL-C and triglyceride levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study, conducted between February 15, 2007, and October 22, 2007, randomized patients with elevated non-HDL-C (>160 mg/dL) and triglyceride (>or=250 mg/dL and <or=599 mg/dL) levels to double-blind treatment with prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters, 4 g/d, or placebo for 16 weeks. Patients also received escalating dosages of open-label atorvastatin (weeks 0-8, 10 mg/d; weeks 9-12, 20 mg/d; weeks 13-16, 40 mg/d). RESULTS Prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters plus atorvastatin, 10, 20, and 40 mg/d, reduced median non-HDL-C levels by 40.2% vs 33.7% (P<.001), 46.9% vs 39.0% (P<.001), and 50.4% vs 46.3% (P<.001) compared with placebo plus the same doses of atorvastatin at the end of 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively. Prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters plus atorvastatin also reduced median total cholesterol, triglyceride, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increased HDL-C levels to a significantly greater extent than placebo plus atorvastatin. Percent changes from baseline low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B levels were not significantly different between groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSION Prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters plus atorvastatin produced significant improvements in non-HDL-C and other lipid parameters in patients with elevated non-HDL-C and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Ave, Louisville, KY 40213, USA.
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Zaima N, Matsuyama Y, Setou M. Principal component analysis of direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric data related to metabolites of fatty liver. J Oleo Sci 2009; 58:267-73. [PMID: 19367083 DOI: 10.5650/jos.58.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common liver disease. NASH is characterized by fatty liver, along with inflammation. Most people with NASH are not aware of their condition, even though NASH can lead to hepatic cirrhosis. Several approaches have been tested to clarify the pathology of NASH. However, the mechanism of onset of NASH was not well-defined. In this study, a supervised multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) approach using direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (dMALDI-MS) was applied to the analysis of metabolites in starvation-induced fatty liver tissue sections. This approach does not require complex pretreatments. We investigated the characteristic dynamics of metabolites in fatty liver. This approach can be applied to the analysis of human biopsy specimens of fatty liver in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Molecular Imaging Frontier Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Duda MK, O'Shea KM, Stanley WC. omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: mechanisms and clinical potential. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 84:33-41. [PMID: 19474179 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple aetiologies. Current treatment options can slow the progression to HF, but overall the prognosis remains poor. Clinical studies suggest that high dietary intake of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3PUFA) found in fish oils (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) may lower the incidence of HF, and that supplementation with pharmacological doses prolongs event-free survival in patients with established HF. The mechanisms for these potential benefits are complex and not well defined. It is well established that fish oil supplementation lowers plasma triglyceride levels, and more recent work demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, including reduced circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, and elevated plasma adiponectin. In animal studies, fish oil favourably alters cardiac mitochondrial function. All of these effects may work to prevent the development and progression of HF. The omega-3PUFA found in plant sources, alpha-linolenic acid, may also be protective in HF; however, the evidence is not as compelling as for fish oil. This review summarizes the evidence related to use of omega-3PUFA supplementation as a potential treatment for HF and discusses possible mechanisms of action. In general, there is growing evidence that supplementation with omega-3PUFA positively impacts established pathophysiological targets in HF and has potential therapeutic utility for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika K Duda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Zaima N, Hayasaka T, Goto-Inoue N, Setou M. Imaging of Metabolites by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. J Oleo Sci 2009; 58:415-9. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.58.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dezso Z, Bugrim A, Brennan R, Nikolsky Y, Nikolskaya T. Statistical Methods for Functional Analysis of ’Omics Experimental Data. Genomics 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/9781420067064-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kleemann R, Verschuren L, van Erk MJ, Nikolsky Y, Cnubben NHP, Verheij ER, Smilde AK, Hendriks HFJ, Zadelaar S, Smith GJ, Kaznacheev V, Nikolskaya T, Melnikov A, Hurt-Camejo E, van der Greef J, van Ommen B, Kooistra T. Atherosclerosis and liver inflammation induced by increased dietary cholesterol intake: a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. Genome Biol 2008; 8:R200. [PMID: 17892536 PMCID: PMC2375038 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-r200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased dietary cholesterol intake is associated with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis development requires a lipid and an inflammatory component. It is unclear where and how the inflammatory component develops. To assess the role of the liver in the evolution of inflammation, we treated ApoE*3Leiden mice with cholesterol-free (Con), low (LC; 0.25%) and high (HC; 1%) cholesterol diets, scored early atherosclerosis and profiled the (patho)physiological state of the liver using novel whole-genome and metabolome technologies. RESULTS Whereas the Con diet did not induce early atherosclerosis, the LC diet did so but only mildly, and the HC diet induced it very strongly. With increasing dietary cholesterol intake, the liver switches from a resilient, adaptive state to an inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic state. The liver absorbs moderate cholesterol stress (LC) mainly by adjusting metabolic and transport processes. This hepatic resilience is predominantly controlled by SREBP-1/-2, SP-1, RXR and PPARalpha. A further increase of dietary cholesterol stress (HC) additionally induces pro-inflammatory gene expression, including pro-atherosclerotic candidate genes. These HC-evoked changes occur via specific pro-inflammatory pathways involving specific transcriptional master regulators, some of which are established, others newly identified. Notably, several of these regulators control both lipid metabolism and inflammation, and thereby link the two processes. CONCLUSION With increasing dietary cholesterol intake the liver switches from a mainly resilient (LC) to a predominantly inflammatory (HC) state, which is associated with early lesion formation. Newly developed, functional systems biology tools allowed the identification of novel regulatory pathways and transcriptional regulators controlling both lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses, thereby providing a rationale for an interrelationship between the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kleemann
- Department of Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J van Erk
- Department of Physiological Genomics, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Nikolsky
- GeneGo Inc., Renaissance Drive, St Joseph, MI 49085, USA
| | - Nicole HP Cnubben
- Department of Physiological Genomics, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin R Verheij
- Department of Physiological Genomics, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Age K Smilde
- Department of Analytical Research, TNO-Quality of Life, Quality and Safety, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Henk FJ Hendriks
- Department of Physiological Genomics, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Zadelaar
- Department of Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Graham J Smith
- AstraZeneca, CV&GI Research, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Valery Kaznacheev
- GeneGo Inc., Renaissance Drive, St Joseph, MI 49085, USA
- Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Gubkin Street 3, 117809 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Nikolskaya
- GeneGo Inc., Renaissance Drive, St Joseph, MI 49085, USA
- Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Gubkin Street 3, 117809 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Melnikov
- GeneGo Inc., Renaissance Drive, St Joseph, MI 49085, USA
- Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Gubkin Street 3, 117809 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Jan van der Greef
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiological Genomics, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Physiological Genomics, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Teake Kooistra
- Department of Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, TNO-Quality of Life, BioSciences, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
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Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: Clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2008; 197:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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