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Brázda V, Šislerová L, Cucchiarini A, Mergny JL. G-quadruplex propensity in H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens and Denisovans mitochondrial genomes. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae060. [PMID: 38817800 PMCID: PMC11137754 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Current methods of processing archaeological samples combined with advances in sequencing methods lead to disclosure of a large part of H. neanderthalensis and Denisovans genetic information. It is hardly surprising that the genome variability between modern humans, Denisovans and H. neanderthalensis is relatively limited. Genomic studies may provide insight on the metabolism of extinct human species or lineages. Detailed analysis of G-quadruplex sequences in H. neanderthalensis and Denisovans mitochondrial DNA showed us interesting features. Relatively similar patterns in mitochondrial DNA are found compared to modern humans, with one notable exception for H. neanderthalensis. An interesting difference between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens corresponds to a motif found in the D-loop region of mtDNA, which is responsible for mitochondrial DNA replication. This area is directly responsible for the number of mitochondria and consequently for the efficient energy metabolism of cell. H. neanderthalensis harbor a long uninterrupted run of guanines in this region, which may cause problems for replication, in contrast with H. sapiens, for which this run is generally shorter and interrupted. One may propose that the predominant H. sapiens motif provided a selective advantage for modern humans regarding mtDNA replication and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Brázda
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šislerová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anne Cucchiarini
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences (LOB), Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Lin KJ, Wang TJ, Chen SD, Lin KL, Liou CW, Lan MY, Chuang YC, Chuang JH, Wang PW, Lee JJ, Wang FS, Lin HY, Lin TK. Two Birds One Stone: The Neuroprotective Effect of Antidiabetic Agents on Parkinson Disease-Focus on Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121935. [PMID: 34943038 PMCID: PMC8750793 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease affecting more than 1% of the population over 65 years old. The etiology of the disease is unknown and there are only symptomatic managements available with no known disease-modifying treatment. Aging, genes, and environmental factors contribute to PD development and key players involved in the pathophysiology of the disease include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic-lysosomal imbalance, and neuroinflammation. Recent epidemiology studies have shown that type-2 diabetes (T2DM) not only increased the risk for PD, but also is associated with PD clinical severity. A higher rate of insulin resistance has been reported in PD patients and is suggested to be a pathologic driver in this disease. Oral diabetic drugs including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been shown to provide neuroprotective effects in both PD patients and experimental models; additionally, antidiabetic drugs have been demonstrated to lower incidence rates of PD in DM patients. Among these, the most recently developed drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors may provide neuroprotective effects through improving mitochondrial function and antioxidative effects. In this article, we will discuss the involvement of mitochondrial-related oxidative stress in the development of PD and potential benefits provided by antidiabetic agents especially focusing on sglt2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Jer Lee
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
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Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease and stroke are vascular events with serious health consequences worldwide. Recent genetic and epigenetic techniques have revealed many genetic determinants of these vascular events and simplified the approaches to research focused on ischaemic heart disease and stroke. The pathogenetic mechanisms of ischaemic heart disease and stroke are complex, with mitochondrial involvement (partially or entirely) recently gaining substantial support. Not only can mitochondrial reactive oxygen species give rise to ischaemic heart disease and stroke by production of oxidised low-density lipoprotein and induction of apoptosis, but the impact on pericytes contributes directly to the pathogenesis. Over the past two decades, publications implicate the causative role of nuclear genes in the development of ischaemic heart disease and stroke, in contrast to the potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the pathophysiology of the disorders, which is much less understood, although recent studies do demonstrate that the involvement of mitochondria and mtDNA in the development of ischaemic heart disease and stroke is likely to be larger than originally thought, with the novel discovery of links among mitochondria, mtDNA and vascular events. Here we explore the molecular events and mtDNA alterations in relation to the role of mitochondria in ischaemic heart disease and stroke.
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Zhang Y, Wang B, Liang Q, Qiao L, Xu B, Zhang H, Yang S, Chen J, Guo H, Wu J, Chen D. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop AG/TC transition mutation in cortical neurons of mice after long-term exposure to nucleoside analogues. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:500-7. [PMID: 26015313 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of combined antiretroviral therapy, the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected patient has been significantly improved. However, long-term administration of antiretroviral drugs can result in various drug-associated toxicities. Among them, nucleoside analogues were confirmed to inhibit DNA polymerase gamma, resulting in mitochondrial toxicity. Our previous study indicated that long-term exposure of mice to nucleoside analogue could induce mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) loss in cortical neurons. Herein, we further identify mitochondrial toxicity of four nucleoside analogues (zidovudine (AZT), stavudine (D4T), lamivudine (3TC), and didanosine (DDI)) by cloning and sequencing mtDNA D-loop region in mice neurons captured with laser capture microdissection. The results showed that mutation of neuronal mtDNA D-loop sequences increased in mice treated with each of the four nucleoside analogues for 4 months and D4T and DDI induced more severe D-loop lesion than the other two nucleoside analogues. The major type of D-loop point mutations induced by four nucleoside analogues was transition, in particular of "A→G" and "T→C" transition, but the point transition sites were variable. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to nucleoside analogue can result in mtDNA D-loop region lesion in mouse cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bishi Wang
- The Fourth General Surgery Division, Shandong Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Luxin Qiao
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Geriatric Hospital, Jiangsu Geriatric Medicine Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210024, China.
| | - Hongliang Guo
- The Fourth General Surgery Division, Shandong Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry of Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Dexi Chen
- Department of Hepatology and Endocrinology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Czarnecka AM, Bartnik E. The role of the mitochondrial genome in ageing and carcinogenesis. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:136435. [PMID: 21403887 PMCID: PMC3042732 DOI: 10.4061/2011/136435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations and polymorphisms have been the focus of intensive investigations for well over a decade in an attempt to understand how they affect fundamental processes such as cancer and aging. Initial interest in mutations occurring in mitochondrial DNA of cancer cells diminished when most were found to be the same mutations which occurred during the evolution of human mitochondrial haplogroups. However, increasingly correlations are being found between various mitochondrial haplogroups and susceptibility to cancer or diseases in some cases and successful aging in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Czarnecka
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Mueller EE, Eder W, Ebner S, Schwaiger E, Santic D, Kreindl T, Stanger O, Paulweber B, Iglseder B, Oberkofler H, Maier R, Mayr JA, Krempler F, Weitgasser R, Patsch W, Sperl W, Kofler B. The mitochondrial T16189C polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in Middle European populations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16455. [PMID: 21298061 PMCID: PMC3027676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pivotal role of mitochondria in energy production and free radical generation suggests that the mitochondrial genome could have an important influence on the expression of multifactorial age related diseases. Substitution of T to C at nucleotide position 16189 in the hypervariable D-loop of the control region (CR) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has attracted research interest because of its suspected association with various multifactorial diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the frequency of this polymorphism in the CR of mtDNA in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 482) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n = 505) from two study centers, with healthy individuals (n = 1481) of Middle European descent in Austria. Methodology and Principal Findings CR polymorphisms and the nine major European haplogroups were identified by DNA sequencing and primer extension analysis, respectively. Frequencies and Odds Ratios for the association between cases and controls were calculated. Compared to healthy controls, the prevalence of T16189C was significantly higher in patients with CAD (11.8% vs 21.6%), as well as in patients with T2DM (11.8% vs 19.4%). The association of CAD, but not the one of T2DM, with T16189C remained highly significant after correction for age, sex and body mass index (BMI) and was independent of the two study centers. Conclusions and Significance Our results show for the first time a significant association of T16189C with CAD in a Middle European population. As reported in other studies, in patients with T2DM an association with T16189C in individuals of European decent remains questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith E. Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Waltraud Eder
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabine Ebner
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Schwaiger
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Danijela Santic
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Kreindl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Olaf Stanger
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Department of Geriatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannes Oberkofler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Maier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Franz Krempler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Hallein, Hallein, Austria
| | - Raimund Weitgasser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Patsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Donnan
- National Stroke Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Rosa A, Fonseca BV, Krug T, Manso H, Gouveia L, Albergaria I, Gaspar G, Correia M, Viana-Baptista M, Simões RM, Pinto AN, Taipa R, Ferreira C, Fontes JR, Silva MR, Gabriel JP, Matos I, Lopes G, Ferro JM, Vicente AM, Oliveira SA. Mitochondrial haplogroup H1 is protective for ischemic stroke in Portuguese patients. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:57. [PMID: 18593462 PMCID: PMC2492853 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic contribution to stroke is well established but it has proven difficult to identify the genes and the disease-associated alleles mediating this effect, possibly because only nuclear genes have been intensely investigated so far. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been implicated in several disorders having stroke as one of its clinical manifestations. The aim of this case-control study was to assess the contribution of mtDNA polymorphisms and haplogroups to ischemic stroke risk. METHODS We genotyped 19 mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) defining the major European haplogroups in 534 ischemic stroke patients and 499 controls collected in Portugal, and tested their allelic and haplogroup association with ischemic stroke risk. RESULTS Haplogroup H1 was found to be significantly less frequent in stroke patients than in controls (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.45-0.83, p = 0.001), when comparing each clade against all other haplogroups pooled together. Conversely, the pre-HV/HV and U mtDNA lineages emerge as potential genetic factors conferring risk for stroke (OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.41-7.01, p = 0.003, and OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.13-7.28, p = 0.021, respectively). SNPs m.3010G>A, m.7028C>T and m.11719G>A strongly influence ischemic stroke risk, their allelic state in haplogroup H1 corroborating its protective effect. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that mitochondrial haplogroup H1 has an impact on ischemic stroke risk in a Portuguese sample.
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Hagiwara N, Kitazono T, Kamouchi M, Kuroda J, Ago T, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Ooboshi H, Kumai Y, Yoshimura S, Tamaki K, Fujii K, Nagao T, Okada Y, Toyoda K, Nakane H, Sugimori H, Yamashita Y, Wakugawa Y, Kubo M, Tanizaki Y, Kiyohara Y, Ibayashi S, Iida M. Polymorphism in the sorbin and SH3-domain-containing-1 (SORBS1) gene and the risk of brain infarction in the Japanese population: the Fukuoka Stroke Registry and the Hisayama study. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:481-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nishigaki Y, Yamada Y, Fuku N, Matsuo H, Segawa T, Watanabe S, Kato K, Yokoi K, Yamaguchi S, Nozawa Y, Tanaka M. Mitochondrial haplogroup A is a genetic risk factor for atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in Japanese females. Mitochondrion 2006; 7:72-9. [PMID: 17257906 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrion-derived reactive oxygen species possibly play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, because mitochondria in vascular endothelial cells are the major site of superoxide production. In the present study, we surveyed mitochondrial haplogroups associated with atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in 1081 Japanese subjects. Twenty-six mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms of 11 major mitochondrial haplogroups (F, B, A, N9a, M7a, M7b, M7c, G1, G2, D4, and D5) were determined by use of 28-plex PCR and fluorescent beads combined with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for conventional risk factors revealed that mitochondrial haplogroup A was associated with atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in female subjects (P< 0.05). However, no significant association was detected for males. Our study shows that haplogroup A confers an increased risk of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction in Japanese females. Validation of our findings will require additional studies with independent subject panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nishigaki
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Lin TK, Chen SD, Wang PW, Wei YH, Lee CF, Chen TL, Chuang YC, Tan TY, Chang KC, Liou CW. Increased Oxidative Damage with Altered Antioxidative Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Harboring the 16189 T to C Variant of Mitochondrial DNA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1042:64-9. [PMID: 15965046 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1338.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A transition of T to C at nucleotide position 16189 in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has attracted biomedical researchers for its probable correlation with the development of diabetes mellitus in adult life. In diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia may cause high production of free radicals. Reactive oxygen species are thought to play a role in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in which increased oxidative stress may play an important role in disease mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to clarify the degree of oxidative damage and plasma antioxidant status in diabetic patients and to see the potential influence of the 16189 variant of mtDNA on the oxidative status in these patients. An indicative parameter of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total free thiols were measured from plasma samples of 165 type 2 diabetic patients with or without this variant and 168 normal subjects. Here we report an increase in the plasma levels of MDA and total thiols in type 2 diabetic patients compared with control subjects. The levels of plasma thiols in diabetic patients with the 16189 variant of mtDNA were not different from those in controls. These results suggest an increase in the oxidative damage and a compensatory higher antioxidative status in patients with type 2 diabetes. Harboring the 16189 mtDNA variant may impair the ability of a cell to respond properly to oxidative stress and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Kung Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Smigrodzki RM, Khan SM. Mitochondrial microheteroplasmy and a theory of aging and age-related disease. Rejuvenation Res 2005; 8:172-98. [PMID: 16144471 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2005.8.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We implicate a recently described form of mitochondrial mutation, mitochondrial microheteroplasmy, as a candidate for the principal component of aging. Microheteroplasmy is the presence of hundreds of independent mutations in one organism, with each mutation usually found in 1-2% of all mitochondrial genomes. Despite the low abundance of single mutations, the vast majority of mitochondrial genomes in all adults are mutated. This mutational burden includes inherited mutations, de novo germline mutations, as well as somatic mutations acquired either during early embryonic development or later in adult life. We postulate that microheteroplasmy is sufficient to explain the pathomechanism of several age-associated diseases, especially in conditions with known mitochondrial involvement, such as diabetes (DM), cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer. The genetic properties of microheteroplasmy reconcile the results of disease models (cybrids, hypermutable PolG variants and mitochondrial toxins), with the relatively low levels of maternal inheritance in the aforementioned diseases, and provide an explanation of their delayed, progressive course.
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Gao XG, Huo Y, Liu XZ, Teng ZP. Gene polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein I balpha in Chinese patients with large- and small-artery subtypes of ischemic stroke. Eur Neurol 2005; 54:73-7. [PMID: 16118501 DOI: 10.1159/000087716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The platelet surface glycoprotein (GP) I balpha, an important part of the GP I b-IX-V complex, participates in the formation of thrombosis by initially mediating platelet adhesion under high shear stress. The purpose of present study was to investigate the association between gene polymorphism of GP I balpha (human platelet antigen 2, HPA2) and ischemic stroke in a matched case-control study. One hundred patients and 100 matched controls were enrolled in the study. The cases were divided into large- and small-vessel subtypes of ischemic stroke according to Trial of Org10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. Genotyping for GP I balpha polymorphism was documented by polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction enzyme analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the GP I balpha HPA2 genotype distribution between ischemic stroke group, large-vessel subtype group, small-vessel subtype group and corresponding control groups. The heterozygote genotype of GP I balpha HPA2 was more frequent in the large-vessel subtype group (16.1%) than in the small-vessel subtype group (10.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Ourresults suggest that the polymorphism of the GP I balpha HPA2 genotype might not be a genetic risk factor of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Guang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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