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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Rhee DY, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Collagen and Elastin Fiber Synthesis by Modulating Caveolin-1 in Aging Skin. Cells 2023; 12:2275. [PMID: 37759497 PMCID: PMC10527789 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) induces cellular senescence by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and activating p53 via inhibition of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment increases collagen synthesis, rejuvenating skin. Using H2O2-induced senescent fibroblasts and the skin of 12-month-old mice, we tested the hypothesis that HIFU increases collagen production through Cav-1 modulation. HIFU was administered at 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 J in the LINEAR and DOT modes. In both models, HIFU administration decreased Cav-1 levels, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased the binding of Cav-1 with both MDM2 and Sirt1. HIFU administration decreased p53 activation (acetylated p53) and p21 levels and increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels in both models. HIFU treatment increased collagen and elastin expression, collagen fiber accumulation, and elastin fiber density in aging skin, with 0.5 J in LINEAR mode resulting in the most prominent effects. HIFU treatment increased collagen synthesis to levels similar to those in Cav-1-silenced senescent fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HIFU administration increases dermal collagen and elastin fibers in aging skin via Cav-1 modulation and reduced p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Survive or thrive: tradeoff strategy for cellular senescence. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e342. [PMID: 28572574 PMCID: PMC5519021 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-dependent cellular behaviors toward extrinsic stress are characterized by the confined localization of certain molecules to either nuclear or perinuclear regions. Although most growth factors can activate downstream signaling in aging cells, they do not in fact have any impact on the cells because the signals cannot reach their genetic targets in the nucleus. For the same reason, varying apoptotic stress factors cannot stimulate the apoptotic pathway in senescent cells. Thus, the operation of a functional nuclear barrier in an aging-dependent manner has been investigated. To elucidate the mechanism for this process, the housekeeping transcription factor Sp1 was identified as a general regulator of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) genes, including various nucleoporins, importins, exportins and Ran GTPase cycle-related genes. Interestingly, the posttranslational modification of Sp1 is readily influenced by extrinsic stress, including oxidative and metabolic stress. The decrease in SP1 O-GlcNAcylation under oxidative stress or during replicative senescence makes it susceptible to proteosomal degradation, resulting in defective NCT functions and leading to nuclear barrier formation. The operation of the nuclear barrier in aging provides a fundamental mechanism for cellular protection against stress and promotes survival at the expense of growth via stress-sensitive transcriptional control.
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Lee JA, Choi DI, Choi JY, Kim SO, Cho KA, Lee JB, Yun SJ, Lee SC. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin up-regulates collagen I expression in chronologically-aged skin via its anti-caveolin-1 activity. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1942-53. [PMID: 25575822 PMCID: PMC4385827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is one of the key molecules to modulate collagen metabolism in the skin. This study aimed to unravel the relationship between Cav-1 and collagen levels in the aged skin, and also to evaluate a new role of anti-Cav-1 agent as a collagen-modulating agent. A negative correlation between Cav-1 and collagen I (COL I) was detected in chronologically aged skin of humans and mice, which was further confirmed by Cav-1 knock-down or knock-out experiments. Next, we tested whether methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as a chemical Cav-1 inhibitor could be developed as a collagen-modulating agent in the skin. Testing different conditions of MβCD injection via the intra-dermal route revealed that 2.5% MβCD administered twice per week for two months showed a potent COL I-up-regulating activity, leading to the increase of skin thickness (P < 0.05) without adverse reactions such as skin fibrosis. In human dermal fibroblasts, MβCD treatment induced up-regulated COL I and down-regulated Cav-1, supporting the results of mouse experiments. Collectively, MβCD has a COL I-enhancing activity in chronologically-aged skin, where Cav-1 acts as a brake in COL I expression, suggesting its potential role for an anti-aging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Da-In Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Ok Kim
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook-Jung Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Schilling JM, Roth DM, Patel HH. Caveolins in cardioprotection - translatability and mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2114-25. [PMID: 25377989 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of preclinical treatments for ischaemia-reperfusion injury into clinical therapies has been limited by a number of factors. This review will focus on a single mode of cardiac protection related to a membrane scaffolding protein, caveolin, which regulates protective signalling as well as myocyte ultrastructure in the setting of ischaemic stress. Factors that have limited the clinical translation of protection will be considered specifically in terms of signalling and structural defects. The potential of caveolin to overcome barriers to protection with the ultimate hope of clinical translation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Weihua Z, Lin Q, Ramoth AJ, Fan D, Fidler IJ. Formation of solid tumors by a single multinucleated cancer cell. Cancer 2011; 117:4092-9. [PMID: 21365635 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large multinucleated cells (MNCs) commonly exist in tumorigenic cancer cell lines that are used widely in research. However, the contributions of MNCs to tumorigenesis are unknown. METHODS In this study, MNCs were characterized in the murine fibrosarcoma cell line UV-2237 in vitro and in vivo at the single-cell level. RESULTS The authors observed that MNCs originated from a rare subpopulation of mononuclear cells and were positive for a senescent marker, β-galactosidase. In addition, MNCs were responsible for the majority of clonogenic activity when cultured in hard agar; they were more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents than mononuclear cells; they could undergo asymmetric division (producing mononuclear cells) and self-renewal in vitro and in vivo; and, most important; a single MNC produced orthotopic, subcutaneous tumors (composed mainly of mononuclear cells) that gave rise to spontaneous lung metastases in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that the growth of MNCs may be arrested under stress and that MNCs are highly resistant to chemotherapy and can generate clonal, orthotopic, metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Weihua
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Nuclear barrier hypothesis of aging as mechanism for trade-off growth to survival. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 720:3-13. [PMID: 21901614 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0254-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
When the aging-dependent cellular behaviors toward growth factors and toxic stress have been analyzed, the perinuclear accumulation of the activated signals, either mitogenic or apoptotic, has been observed, suggesting the aging-dependent inefficiency of the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of the signals. Thereby, it would be natural to assume the operation of the functional nuclear barrier in aging-dependent manner, which would be designated as "Park and Lim's Barrier." And for the ultimate transcriptional factor for these aging-dependent changes of the functional nuclear barrier, Sp1 transcriptional factor has been suggested to be the most probable candidate. This novel mechanism of aging-dependent operation of the functional nuclear barrier is proposed as the ultimate checking mechanism for cellular protection against toxic environment and the general mechanism for the trade-off growth to survival in aging.
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Rhim JH, Kim JH, Yeo EJ, Kim JC, Park SC. Caveolin-1 as a novel indicator of wound-healing capacity in aged human corneal epithelium. Mol Med 2010; 16:527-34. [PMID: 20644900 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess caveolin-1 has been reported to play a role in age-dependent hyporesponsiveness to growth factors in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesized that caveolin-1-dependent hyporesponsiveness to growth factors in aged corneal epithelial cells might be responsible for delayed wound healing in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated corneal wound-healing time by vital staining using fluorescein after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). We compared wound-healing times in young, middle-aged and elderly patients. We also examined caveolin-1 levels and other aging markers, such as p53 and p21, in the corneal epithelium. Elderly patients generally had higher caveolin-1 levels in the corneal epithelia than young patients. There were, however, variations among individuals with increased caveolin-1 in some young patients and decreased levels in some elderly patients. Wound-healing time after LASEK correlated well with the corneal caveolin-1 status. Therefore, we suggest that caveolin-1 status might be responsible for delayed wound healing in elderly patients after LASEK. Caveolin-1 status might be a regulator for wound-healing capacity and a novel target for in vivo adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heon Rhim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging and Apoptosis Research Center, Institute on Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Patel HH, Insel PA. Lipid rafts and caveolae and their role in compartmentation of redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1357-72. [PMID: 19061440 PMCID: PMC2757136 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Membrane (lipid) rafts and caveolae, a subset of rafts, are cellular domains that concentrate plasma membrane proteins and lipids involved in the regulation of cell function. In addition to providing signaling platforms for G-protein-coupled receptors and certain tyrosine kinase receptors, rafts/caveolae can influence redox signaling. This review discusses molecular characteristics of and methods to study rafts/caveolae, determinants that contribute to the localization of molecules in these entities, an overview of signaling molecules that show such localization, and the contribution of rafts/caveolae to redox signaling. Of particular note is the evidence that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxygenase, and heme oxygenase, along with other less well-studied redox systems, localize in rafts and caveolae. The precise basis for this localization and the contribution of raft/caveolae-localized redox components to physiology and disease are important issues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemal H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA
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Naru E, Takanezawa Y, Kobayashi M, Misaki Y, Kaji K, Arakane K. Increased levels of a particular phosphatidylcholine species in senescent human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Hum Cell 2008; 21:70-8. [PMID: 18667023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-0774.2008.00052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are essential components of living cells, and phospholipids are major components of cellular membranes. Here, we used liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to investigate changes in the membrane phospholipid content that occur in association with aging. Our results indicate that the levels of a particular species of phosphatidylcholine comprised of stearic acid and arachidonic acid increased with age. To determine the reason for the increased levels of this particular phosphatidylcholine, we examined the effect of highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, on cellular aging. Applied arachidonic acid was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine molecules, but neither arachidonic acid nor other related unsaturated fatty acids had any effect. We conclude that increased levels of this distinctive phosphatidylcholine are a result of in vitro senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Naru
- Research and Development Division, KOSE Corporation, Tokyo, 114-0005, Japan.
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Patel HH, Murray F, Insel PA. G-protein-coupled receptor-signaling components in membrane raft and caveolae microdomains. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008:167-84. [PMID: 18491052 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-72843-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of signal transduction in cells derives in part from subcellular, in particular plasma membrane, microdomains that organize signaling molecules and signaling complexes. Two related plasma membrane domains that compartmentalize G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling complexes are lipid (membrane) rafts, domains that are enriched in certain lipids, including cholesterol and sphingolipids, and caveolae, a subset of lipid rafts that are enriched in the protein caveolin. This review focuses on the properties of lipid rafts and caveolae, the mechanisms by which they localize signaling molecules and the identity of GPCR signaling components that are organized in these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Oh YS, Cho KA, Ryu SJ, Khil LY, Jun HS, Yoon JW, Park SC. Regulation of insulin response in skeletal muscle cell by caveolin status. J Cell Biochem 2007; 99:747-58. [PMID: 16676355 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the role of caveolin-1 in adipocytes showed that caveolin has emerged as an important regulatory element in insulin signaling but little is known on its role in skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that caveolin-1 plays a crucial role in insulin dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Differentiation of L6 skeletal muscle cells induce the expression of caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 with partial colocalization. However in contrast to adipocytes, phosphorylation of insulin receptor beta (IRbeta) and Akt/Erk was not affected by the respective downregulation of caveolin-1 or caveolin-3 in the muscle cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of IRbeta was detected not only in the caveolae but also in the non-caveolae fractions of the muscle cells despite the interaction of IRbeta with caveolin-1 and caveolin-3. These data implicate the lack of relationship between caveolins and IRbeta pathway in the muscle cells, different from the adipocytes. However, glucose uptake was reduced specifically by downregulation of caveolin-1, but not that of caveolin-3. Taken together, these observations suggest that caveolin-1 plays a crucial role in glucose uptake in differentiated muscle cells and that the regulation of caveolin-1 expression may be an important mechanism for insulin sensitivity, implying the role of muscle cells for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Aging and Apoptosis Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Compartmentation of G-protein-coupled receptors and their signalling components in lipid rafts and caveolae. Biochem Soc Trans 2005. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0331131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and post-GPCR signalling components are expressed at low overall abundance in plasma membranes, yet they evoke rapid, high-fidelity responses. Considerable evidence suggests that GPCR signalling components are organized together in membrane microdomains, in particular lipid rafts, enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and caveolae, a subset of lipid rafts that also possess the protein caveolin, whose scaffolding domain may serve as an anchor for signalling components. Caveolae were originally identified based on their morphological appearance but their role in compartmentation of GPCR signalling has been primarily studied by biochemical techniques, such as subcellular fractionation and immunoprecipitation. Our recent studies obtained using both microscopic and biochemical methods with adult cardiac myocytes show expression of caveolin not only in surface sarcolemmal domains but also at, or close to, internal regions located at transverse tubules/sarcoplasmic reticulum. Other results show co-localization in lipid rafts/caveolae of AC (adenylyl cyclase), in particular AC6, certain GPCRs, G-proteins and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NOS3), which generates NO, a modulator of AC6. Existence of multiple caveolin-rich microdomains and their expression of multiple modulators of signalling strengthen the evidence that caveolins and lipid rafts/caveolae organize and regulate GPCR signal transduction in eukaryotic cells.
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Cho KA, Park SC. Caveolin-1 as a prime modulator of aging: a new modality for phenotypic restoration? Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:105-10. [PMID: 15610768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging can be characterized by structural changes and functional deterioration during the lifetime, for which hundreds of explanations have been put forward. Recently, we have proposed the gate theory of aging, in which gatekeeper molecules at the membrane level would play the prime role in determining the senescent phenotype. Caveolin-1 would be a prime candidate for such a role as a major determinant of the aging process. Caveolin-1 can associate with a variety of molecules, involved in signal transduction, endocytosis and transcytosis, cytoskeletal arrangement, etc. The level of caveolin-1 is strictly regulated to maintain cellular integrity, leading to cellular transformation if depleted, and to the senescent phenotype if overexpressed. In case of senescent cells, the functional and physiological responses to the mitogenic stimuli can be restored and the morphological shape can be resumed by simple adjustment of caveolin-1 status. Therefore, it is suggested that prime modulator molecules, represented by caveolin-1, play a key role in determining the senescent phenotype, either as a physiological response or altered morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Aging and Apoptosis Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yungon Dong, Chong No Ku, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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