1
|
Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) in Energy Homeostasis of Dairy Animals: Exploiting Their Modulation through Nutrigenomic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212463. [PMID: 34830341 PMCID: PMC8619600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the nuclear receptors that could mediate the nutrient-dependent transcriptional activation and regulate metabolic networks through energy homeostasis. However, these receptors cannot work properly under metabolic stress. PPARs and their subtypes can be modulated by nutrigenomic interventions, particularly under stress conditions to restore cellular homeostasis. Many nutrients such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, dietary amino acids and phytochemicals have shown their ability for potential activation or inhibition of PPARs. Thus, through different mechanisms, all these nutrients can modulate PPARs and are ultimately helpful to prevent various metabolic disorders, particularly in transition dairy cows. This review aims to provide insights into the crucial role of PPARs in energy metabolism and their potential modulation through nutrigenomic interventions to improve energy homeostasis in dairy animals.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Y, Lu W, Jian L, Machaty Z, Luo H. Vitamin E promotes ovine Sertoli cell proliferation by regulation of genes associated with cell division and the cell cycle. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:392-400. [PMID: 32615852 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1788044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chatterjee I, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Dai Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Vitamin D receptor promotes healthy microbial metabolites and microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7340. [PMID: 32355205 PMCID: PMC7192915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota derived metabolites act as chemical messengers that elicit a profound impact on host physiology. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key genetic factor for shaping the host microbiome. However, it remains unclear how microbial metabolites are altered in the absence of VDR. We investigated metabolites from mice with tissue-specific deletion of VDR in intestinal epithelial cells or myeloid cells. Conditional VDR deletion severely changed metabolites specifically produced from carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and bile acid metabolism. Eighty-four out of 765 biochemicals were significantly altered due to the Vdr status, and 530 significant changes were due to the high-fat diet intervention. The impact of diet was more prominent due to loss of VDR as indicated by the differences in metabolites generated from energy expenditure, tri-carboxylic acid cycle, tocopherol, polyamine metabolism, and bile acids. The effect of HFD was more pronounced in female mice after VDR deletion. Interestingly, the expression levels of farnesoid X receptor in liver and intestine were significantly increased after intestinal epithelial VDR deletion and were further increased by the high-fat diet. Our study highlights the gender differences, tissue specificity, and potential gut-liver-microbiome axis mediated by VDR that might trigger downstream metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chatterjee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Di Meo S, Venditti P. Vitamin E Supplementation and Mitochondria in Experimental and Functional Hyperthyroidism: A Mini-Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122900. [PMID: 31805673 PMCID: PMC6950234 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are both the main sites of production and the main target of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction with harmful consequences for the cells and the whole organism, resulting in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, dementia, and aging. To protect themselves from ROS, mitochondria are equipped with an efficient antioxidant system, which includes low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes able to scavenge ROS or repair the oxidative damage. In the mitochondrial membranes, a major role is played by the lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin E, which reacts with the peroxyl radicals faster than the molecules of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and in doing so, protects membranes from excessive oxidative damage. In the present review, we summarize the available data concerning the capacity of vitamin E supplementation to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage in hyperthyroidism, a condition that leads to increased mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative damage. Vitamin E supplementation to hyperthyroid animals limits the thyroid hormone-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS and oxidative damage. Moreover, it prevents the reduction of the high functionality components of the mitochondrial population induced by hyperthyroidism, thus preserving cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38, I-0133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.F.); (S.D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2535080; Fax: +39-081-679233
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
María Molina Trinidad E, Antonio Becerril Flores M, Luis Imbert Palafox J, Vargas Servín L. Importance of the Nutrition with Antioxidants in the Treatment of Cancer and Others Damages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
6
|
Omega 3-DHA and Delta-Tocotrienol Modulate Lipid Droplet Biogenesis and Lipophagy in Breast Cancer Cells: the Impact in Cancer Aggressiveness. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061199. [PMID: 31141912 PMCID: PMC6627337 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega 3-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E Delta-tocotrienol (Delta-T3) are extensively studied as protective nutrients against cancer development. Little is known about the biological mechanisms targeted by these bioactive molecules on lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, an important breast cancer aggressiveness marker, and the occurrence of lipophagy in breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DHA, Delta-T3 and DHA plus Delta-T3 co-treatment in LD biogenesis and lipophagy process in triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Cells were treated with 50 μM DHA and/or 5 μM Delta-T3. Our results demonstrated that DHA can trigger an increase in LD biogenesis and co-treatment with Delta-T3 was able to reduce this LD biogenesis. In addition, we showed that a higher cytoplasmic LD content is associated with a higher breast cancer cells malignance and proliferation. Reduction of cytoplasmic LD content by silencing ADRP (adipose differentiation-related protein), a structural LD protein, also decreased cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with DHA and Delta-T3 alone or co-treatment did not reduce cell viability. Moreover, we showed here that DHA can trigger lipophagy in MDA-MB-231 cells and DHA plus Delta-T3 co-treatment was able to enhance this lipophagy process. Our findings demonstrated that co-treatment with DHA plus Delta-T3 in MDA-MB-231 cells could reduce LD biogenesis and potentiate lipophagy in these cells, possibly having a positive impact to inhibit breast cancer malignancy. Therefore, suitable doses of DHA and Delta-T3 vitamin E isoform supplementation can be a prominent tool in therapeutic treatments against breast cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lupi ACD, Lira BS, Gramegna G, Trench B, Alves FRR, Demarco D, Peres LEP, Purgatto E, Freschi L, Rossi M. Solanum lycopersicum GOLDEN 2-LIKE 2 transcription factor affects fruit quality in a light- and auxin-dependent manner. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212224. [PMID: 30753245 PMCID: PMC6372215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastids are organelles responsible for essential aspects of plant development, including carbon fixation and synthesis of several secondary metabolites. Chloroplast differentiation and activity are highly regulated by light, and several proteins involved in these processes have been characterised. Such is the case of the GOLDEN 2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors, which induces the expression of genes related to chloroplast differentiation and photosynthesis. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome harbours two copies of this gene, SlGLK1 and SlGLK2, each with distinct expression patterns. While the former predominates in leaves, the latter is mainly expressed in fruits, precisely at the pedicel region. During tomato domestication, the selection of fruits with uniform ripening fixed the mutation Slglk2, nowadays present in most cultivated varieties, what penalised fruit metabolic composition. In this study, we investigated how SlGLK2 is regulated by light, auxin and cytokinin and determined the effect of SlGLK2 on tocopherol (vitamin E) and sugar metabolism, which are components of the fruit nutritional and industrial quality. To achieve this, transcriptional profiling and biochemical analysis were performed throughout fruit development and ripening from SlGLK2, Slglk2, SlGLK2-overexpressing genotypes, as well as from phytochrome and hormonal deficient mutants. The results revealed that SlGLK2 expression is regulated by phytochrome-mediated light perception, yet this gene can induce chloroplast differentiation even in a phytochrome-independent manner. Moreover, auxin was found to be a negative regulator of SlGLK2 expression, while SlGLK2 enhances cytokinin responsiveness. Additionally, SlGLK2 enhanced chlorophyll content in immature green fruits, leading to an increment in tocopherol level in ripe fruits. Finally, SlGLK2 overexpression resulted in higher total soluble solid content, possibly by the regulation of sugar metabolism enzyme-encoding genes. The results obtained here shed light on the regulatory network that interconnects SlGLK2, phytohormones and light signal, promoting the plastidial activity and consequently, influencing the quality of tomato fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Silvestre Lira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Gramegna
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Trench
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lazaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ¨Luiz de Queiroz¨, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mansori K, Mosavi-Jarrahi A, Ganbary Motlagh A, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Salehi M, Delavari A, Sanjari Moghaddam A, Asadi-Lari M. Exploring Spatial Patterns of Colorectal Cancer in Tehran City, Iran. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION : APJCP 2018; 19:1099-1104. [PMID: 29699370 PMCID: PMC6031791 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) may now be the second most common cancer in the world. The aim of this
study was to determine whether clusters of high and low risk of CRC might exist at the neighborhood level in Tehran
city. Methods: In this study, new cases of CRC provided from Cancer Registry Data of the Management Center of
Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran in the period from March 2008 to March 2011 were analyzed. Raw
standardized incidence rates (SIRs) were calculated for CRC in each neighborhood, along with ratios of observed to
expected cases. The York and Mollie (BYM) spatial model was used for smoothing of the estimated raw SIRs. To
discover clusters of high and low CRC incidence a purely spatial scan statistic was applied. Results: A total of 2,815
new cases of CRC were identified and after removal of duplicate cases, 2,491 were geocoded to neighborhoods. The
locations with higher than expected incidence of CRC were northern and central districts of Tehran city. An observed
to expected ratio of 2.57 (p<0.001) was found for districts of 2, 6 and 11, whereas, the lowest ratio of 0.23 (p<0.001)
was apparent for northeast and south areas of the city, including district 4. Conclusions: This study showed that there
is a significant spatial variation in patterns of incidence of CRC at the neighborhood level in Tehran city. Identification
of such spatial patterns and assessment of underlying risk factors can provide valuable information for policymakers
responsible for equitable distribution of healthcare resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Mansori
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sadek NF, Yuliana ND, Prangdimurti E, Priosoeryanto BP, Budijanto S. Plant Sterol Esters in Extruded Food Model Inhibits Colon Carcinogenesis by Suppressing Inflammation and Stimulating Apoptosis. J Med Food 2017; 20:659-666. [PMID: 28692412 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols in their free forms are known to inhibit colon cancer. Whether these activities persist when compounds are incorporated into processed food is not reported yet. This study aimed to test the ability of plant sterol esters (PSE) incorporated into a nonpuffed extruded food (NPE) model to inhibit colon carcinogenesis. PSE was added into NPE at four concentrations (0.0%, 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.1%). PSE-NPE activity was tested in azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced Balb/c mice. The groups given PSE-NPE did not show any colon tumor formation. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that the group fed with 1.4% PSE had the lowest histoscore for cyclooxygenase-2 expression and the highest histoscore for cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9expressions. The results of this study indicated that even after incorporation into a food system, which is processed using high pressure and temperature, PSE retained its chemopreventive activity. The proposed mechanisms are by suppressing inflammation and inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fathonah Sadek
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia .,2 Southeast Asia Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Endang Prangdimurti
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia .,2 Southeast Asia Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto
- 3 Division of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Budijanto
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia .,2 Southeast Asia Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University , Bogor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pegoraro NS, Mattiazzi J, da Silveira EF, Azambuja JH, Braganhol E, Cruz L. Improved photostability and cytotoxic effect of coenzyme Q10 by its association with vitamin E acetate in polymeric nanocapsules. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:400-406. [PMID: 28521578 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1332641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study showed the development of nanocapsules containing the association of the coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate and the evaluation of their effect on in vitro cells culture of malignant glioma and melanoma. In order to investigate if nanocapsules are able to protect coenzyme Q10 from degradation under UVC radiation, a photostability study was carried out. For this, three concentrations of vitamin E acetate were evaluated (1%, 2%, or 3%). Nanocapsules presented suitable physicochemical characteristics and were able to protect coenzyme Q10 from photodegradation. In addition, this protection was influenced by higher vitamin E acetate concentrations, attributing to this oil an important role on coenzyme Q10 photostabilization. Regarding to in vitro citotoxicity assay, nanocapsules containing coenzyme Q10 and 2% vitamin E significantly reduced glioma and melanoma cell viability in 61% and 66%, respectively. In this sense, these formulations represent interesting platforms for the delivery of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E acetate, presenting effect on the reduction of malignant cells viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natháli S Pegoraro
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil
| | - Juliane Mattiazzi
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil
| | - Elita F da Silveira
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brasil
| | - Juliana H Azambuja
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brasil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brasil.,c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brasil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil.,d Departamento de Farmácia Industrial , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shahriari-Ahmadi A, Fahimi A, Payandeh M, Sadeghi M. Prevalence of Oxaliplatin-induced Chronic Neuropathy and Influencing Factors in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7603-6. [PMID: 26625769 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin can cause acute and chronic forms of peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of chronic neuropathy and its risk factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with FOLFOX or XELOX regimens in the Oncology Ward of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital in Tehran. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 130 patients with CRC were entered into our study, aged over 18 years, without history of receiving other neurotoxic agents or other predisposing factors such as diabetes or neurologic diseases and kidney and liver dysfunction. For the FOLFOX regimen, patients received oxaliplatin, 85 mg/m2, every 2 weeks for 12 courses and with the XELOX regimen, oxaliplatin was 130 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks for 8 courses. Based on Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC or NCI-CTC v.3), the patients were divided into 5 groups (grades) based on the severity of their symptoms. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients (43.8%) were male and 73(56.2%) female. Some 19 patients (14.7%) had BMI<20, 97(74.6%) were between 20-25 and 14 (10.8%) ≥ 25. In 105 patients (80.7%) neuropathy was found. There was significant correlation between BMI, hypomagnesaemia and especially, severity of anemia in patients with neuropathy compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS Oxaliplatin regimens can induce chronic neuropathy in CRC patients, with anemia, high BMI and hypomagnesaemia as risk factors that can predispose to this kind of neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahriari-Ahmadi
- Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Hematology and Medical Oncology Ward, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antiplatelet effects of natural bioactive compounds by multiple targets: Food and drug interactions. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
13
|
Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Palomo I. Mechanism of the anti-platelet effect of natural bioactive compounds: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors activation. Platelets 2013; 25:471-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.849334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Relationship between Platelet PPARs, cAMP Levels, and P-Selectin Expression: Antiplatelet Activity of Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:861786. [PMID: 24324520 PMCID: PMC3845334 DOI: 10.1155/2013/861786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are no longer considered simply as cells participating in thrombosis. In atherosclerosis, platelets are regulators of multiple processes, with the recruitment of inflammatory cells towards the lesion sites, inflammatory mediators release, and regulation of endothelial function. The antiplatelet therapy has been used for a long time in an effort to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. However, limited efficacy in some patients, drug resistance, and side effects are limitations of current antiplatelet therapy. In this context, a large number of natural products (polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids) have been reported with antiplatelet activity. In this sense, the present paper describes mechanisms of antiplatelet action of natural products on platelet P-selectin expression through cAMP levels and its role as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists.
Collapse
|
15
|
Golfam F, Golfam P, Neghabi Z. Frequency of all types of colorectal tumors in the patients referred to selected hospitals in tehran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:473-6. [PMID: 24349744 PMCID: PMC3840833 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide which is not extensively researched in Iran. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of CRC in patients referred to selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Patients and Methods In this descriptive-analytic study 218 patients with colorectal cancer were investigated. Data were collected via reviewing recorded pathologic results of patients of these hospitals which then were analyzed by univariant methods. Results Among 218 patients, 140 (64.2%) were male and 78 (35.8%) were female. Of all patients, 132 (60.0%) suffered from tumors in rectum; 38 (17.4%) in sigmoid; 12 (5.5%) in descending colon; 10 (4.6%) in transverse colon and 26 (11.9%) in ascending colon and cecum. Tumors were well differentiated in 134 patients (61.5%), moderately in 62 cases (28.4%) and poorly differentiated in 22 patients (10.1%). There was no significant difference between males and females regarding the location and degree of tumor differentiation. Conclusions Regarding high prevalence of colorectal cancer in Iran and potential environmental and genetic factors, surveillance must be considered for this disease. Its risk factors such as diet, life style and low physical activity should be evaluated and screening should start at younger ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Golfam
- Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parisa Golfam
- Imam Reza Hospitah, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Parisa Golfam, Imam Reza Hospitah, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran. Tel: +98-8317245159, Fax: +98-8317245159, E-mail:
| | - Zeinab Neghabi
- Student Research Committee, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang HY, Chay KO, Kwon J, Kwon SO, Park YK, Lee TH. Comparative proteomic analysis of cysteine oxidation in colorectal cancer patients. Mol Cells 2013; 35:533-42. [PMID: 23677378 PMCID: PMC3887873 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress promotes damage to cellular proteins, lipids, membranes and DNA, and plays a key role in the development of cancer. Reactive oxygen species disrupt redox homeostasis and promote tumor formation by initiating aberrant activation of signaling pathways that lead to tumorigenesis. We used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins containing oxidation-sensitive cysteines in tissue specimens from colorectal cancer patients. We then compared the patterns of cysteine oxidation in the membrane fractions between the tumor and non-tumor tissues. Using nano-UPLC-MS(E) proteomics, we identified 31 proteins containing 37 oxidation-sensitive cysteines. These proteins were observed with IAM-binding cysteines in non-tumoral region more than tumoral region of CRC patients. Then using the Ingenuity pathway program, we evaluated the cellular canonical networks connecting those proteins. Within the networks, proteins with multiple connections were related with organ morphology, cellular metabolism, and various disorders. We have thus identified networks of proteins whose redox status is altered by oxidative stress, perhaps leading to changes in cellular functionality that promotes tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Yang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute and the Brain Korea 21 Project, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University
| | - Kee-Oh Chay
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Kwon
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-806,
Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-763,
Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute and the Brain Korea 21 Project, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ortuño Sahagún D, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Quintero-Fabián S, López-Roa RI, Rojas-Mayorquín AE. Modulation of PPAR-γ by Nutraceutics as Complementary Treatment for Obesity-Related Disorders and Inflammatory Diseases. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:318613. [PMID: 23251142 PMCID: PMC3515933 DOI: 10.1155/2012/318613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct correlation between adequate nutrition and health is a universally accepted truth. The Western lifestyle, with a high intake of simple sugars, saturated fat, and physical inactivity, promotes pathologic conditions. The main adverse consequences range from cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome to several cancers. Dietary components influence tissue homeostasis in multiple ways and many different functional foods have been associated with various health benefits when consumed. Natural products are an important and promising source for drug discovery. Many anti-inflammatory natural products activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR); therefore, compounds that activate or modulate PPAR-gamma (PPAR-γ) may help to fight all of these pathological conditions. Consequently, the discovery and optimization of novel PPAR-γ agonists and modulators that would display reduced side effects is of great interest. In this paper, we present some of the main naturally derived products studied that exert an influence on metabolism through the activation or modulation of PPAR-γ, and we also present PPAR-γ-related diseases that can be complementarily treated with nutraceutics from functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ortuño Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, camino Ing. R. Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, 44600 Zapopan JAL, Mexico
| | - A. L. Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., 44270 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico
| | - S. Quintero-Fabián
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Regeneración Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, camino Ing. R. Padilla Sánchez 2100, Las Agujas, 44600 Zapopan JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, 44430 Tlaquepaque, JAL, Mexico
| | - R. I. López-Roa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García Barragán, 44430 Tlaquepaque, JAL, Mexico
| | - A. E. Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, 45100, JAL, Mexico
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Periférico Sur No. 2767, Col, San Jerónimo Lídice, Delegación Magdalena Contreras 10200, México DF, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu W, Du M, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Sun W, Chen B. γ-Tocotrienol inhibits cell viability through suppression of β-catenin/Tcf signaling in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:800-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
19
|
Selvaduray KR, Radhakrishnan AK, Kutty MK, Nesaretnam K. Palm tocotrienols decrease levels of pro-angiogenic markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and murine mammary cancer cells. GENES & NUTRITION 2012; 7:53-61. [PMID: 21526401 PMCID: PMC3250524 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is widely being used to halt tumour angiogenesis. In this study, the anti-angiogenic activity of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) and its individual components (γ- and δ-tocotrienol) were first investigated in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and 4T1 mouse mammary cancer cells. Results showed reduced levels of Interkeukin (IL)-8 and IL-6, two pro-angiogenic cytokines in HUVEC treated with palm tocotrienols compared with α-tocopherol (α-T) and control cells (P < 0.05). The production of IL-8 and IL-6 was lowest in δ-tocotrienol (δ-T3)-treated cells followed by γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) and TRF. There was significant (P < 0.05) reduction in IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in 4T1 cells treated with TRF or δ-T3. There was decreased expression of VEGF and its receptors; VEGF-R1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase, Flt-1) and VEGF-R2 (Kinase-insert-domain-containing receptor, KDR/Flk-2) in tumour tissues excised from mice supplemented with TRF were observed. There was also decreased expression of VEGF-R2 in lung tissues of mice supplemented with TRF. These observations correlate with the smaller tumour size recorded in the tocotrienol-treated mice. This study confirms previous observations that palm tocotrienols exhibit anti-angiogenic properties that may inhibit tumour progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanga Rani Selvaduray
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smolarek AK, Suh N. Chemopreventive activity of vitamin E in breast cancer: a focus on γ- and δ-tocopherol. Nutrients 2011; 3:962-86. [PMID: 22254089 PMCID: PMC3257724 DOI: 10.3390/nu3110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E consists of eight different variants: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (saturated phytyl tail) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (unsaturated phytyl tail). Cancer prevention studies with vitamin E have primarily utilized the variant α-tocopherol. To no avail, a majority of these studies focused on variant α-tocopherol with inconsistent results. However, γ-tocopherol, and more recently δ-tocopherol, have shown greater ability to reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor burden. Recent results have shown that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols inhibit the development of mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in animal models. In this review, we discuss the possible differences between the variant forms, molecular targets, and cancer-preventive effects of tocopherols. We recommend that a γ-enriched mixture, γ- and δ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, are promising agents for breast cancer prevention and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Smolarek
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-732-445-3400 (ext. 226); Fax: +1-732-445-0687
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Akinyeke TO, Stewart LV. Troglitazone suppresses c-Myc levels in human prostate cancer cells via a PPARγ-independent mechanism. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:1046-58. [PMID: 21525782 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.12.15709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Troglitazone is a ligand for the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) that decreases growth of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism by which troglitazone reduces prostate cancer cell growth is not fully understood. To understand the signaling pathways involved in troglitazone-induced decreases in prostate cancer growth, we examined the effect of troglitazone on androgen-independent C4-2 human prostate cancer cells. Initial experiments revealed troglitazone inhibited C4-2 cell proliferation by arresting cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. Since the proto-oncogene product c-Myc regulates both apoptosis and cell cycle progression, we next examined whether troglitazone altered expression of c-Myc. Troglitazone decreased c-Myc protein levels as well as expression of downstream targets of c-Myc in a dose-dependent manner. In C4-2 cells, troglitazone-induced decreases in c-Myc protein involve proteasome-mediated degradation of c-Myc protein as well as reductions in c-Myc mRNA levels. It appears that troglitazone stimulates degradation of c-Myc by increasing c-Myc phosphorylation, for the level of phosphorylated c-Myc was elevated in prostate cancer cells exposed to troglitazone. While troglitazone dramatically decreased the amount of c-Myc within C4-2 cells, the PPARγ ligands ciglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone did not reduce c-Myc protein levels. Furthermore the down-regulation of c-Myc by troglitazone was not blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and siRNA-mediated decreases in PPARγ protein. Thus, our data suggest that troglitazone reduces c-Myc protein independently of PPARγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tunde O Akinyeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Why tocotrienols work better: insights into the in vitro anti-cancer mechanism of vitamin E. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 7:29-41. [PMID: 21505906 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-011-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective constraint of liver uptake and the sustained metabolism of tocotrienols (T3) demonstrate the need for a prompt detoxification of this class of lipophilic vitamers, and thus the potential for cytotoxic effects in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues. Hypomethylated (γ and δ) forms of T3 show the highest in vitro and in vivo metabolism and are also the most potent natural xenobiotics of the entire vitamin E family of compounds. These stimulate a stress response with the induction of detoxification and antioxidant genes. Depending on the intensity of this response, these genes may confer cell protection or alternatively they stimulate a senescence-like phenotype with cell cycle inhibition or even mitochondrial toxicity and apoptosis. In cancer cells, the uptake rate and thus the cell content of these vitamers is again higher for the hypomethylated forms, and it is the critical factor that drives the dichotomy between protection and toxicity responses to different T3 forms and doses. These aspects suggest the potential for marked biological activity of hypomethylated "highly metabolized" T3 that may result in cytoprotection and cancer prevention or even chemotherapeutic effects. Cytotoxicity and metabolism of hypomethylated T3 have been extensively investigated in vitro using different cell model systems that will be discussed in this review paper as regard molecular mechanisms and possible relevance in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Marino M, Masella R, Bulzomi P, Campesi I, Malorni W, Franconi F. Nutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:1-70. [PMID: 21356234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals. Until the last decade of the 20th century, research on women has been neglected, and the results obtained in men have been directly translated to women in both the medicine and nutrition fields. Consequently, most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men. However, there are many sex-gender differences that are the result of multifactorial inputs, including gene repertoires, sex steroid hormones, and environmental factors (e.g., food components). The effects of these different inputs in male and female physiology will be different in different periods of ontogenetic development as well as during pregnancy and the ovarian cycle in females, which are also age dependent. As a result, different strategies have evolved to maintain male and female body homeostasis, which, in turn, implies that there are important differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of foods and beverages in males and females. This article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Rat has been the major model species used in several biomedical fields, notably in drug development and toxicology, including carcinogenicity testing. Rat is also a useful model in basic cancer research. Several rat models of monogenic (Mendelian) human hereditary cancers are available. Some were obtained spontaneously, while others were generated either by mutagenesis of tumor suppressor genes or by transgenesis of activated oncogenes (transgenesis can be performed efficiently in the rat). In addition, among the hundreds of inbred rat strains that have been isolated, some are highly susceptible or resistant to certain types of cancer, and these divergent phenotypes were shown to be polygenic. Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling cancer susceptibility/resistance have been defined in linkage analyses, and several of these QTLs were physically demonstrated in congenic strains. These studies led, in particular, to rapid translation to the human, with the identification of loci controlling susceptibility to a form of multiple endocrine neoplasia (monogenic trait) and to breast cancer (polygenic disease). The biology of cancer resistance has also been analyzed, and in some (but not all) cases, it was linked to regression of preneoplasic lesions. Rat tumors have been the subject of various types of analyses, and these studies led to important conclusions, including that tumors can be classified on the basis of the identity of the inducing agent, thereby suggesting that analyses of human tumors may be valuable in determining retrospectively the role of specific carcinogens in the formation of human cancers, and of human breast cancer in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Charleroi, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lv Z, Xu LY, Shen ZY, Zhang FR, Xu XE, Li EM. Overexpression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and its receptor in colorectal carcinoma: Significant correlation with cell differentiation and tumour invasion. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:103-108. [PMID: 22966265 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin family, is related to imflammation and tumour. Recently, a specific cell-surface receptor (24p3R/NGALR) for lipocalin 24p3 was reported. However, the characteristics of NGALR expression in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are not known. The objectives of this study were to investigate the expression of NGAL and NGALR in CRC specimens, and determine any relationship between the expression of these proteins and tumour progression. In the present study, CRC specimens of 102 patients were obtained, and the expression of NGAL, NGALR, ferritin and Ki67 was analyzed in paraffin sections by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses of the data collected were performed with SPSS software. We found that the cytoplasmic staining of NGAL, NGALR and ferritin, as well as the nuclear staining of Ki67 were significantly up-regulated in CRC tissues compared with normal colorectal tissues. Expression of NGAL was related to the deeper invasion of CRC (P=0.026), while NGALR was significantly associated with a deeper invasion (P=0.018) and a high degree of Tumor, Node and Metastasis stages (P=0.042) in CRC. The NGAL/NGALR co-expression was associated with poor cellular differentiation (P=0.004). Positive correlations between NGAL and NGALR (r=0.432, P<0.01), NGAL and ferritin (r=0.374, P<0.001), NGALR and Ki67 (r=0.228, P<0.05), NGAL/NGALR co-expression and ferritin (r=0.349, P<0.001), as well as NGAL/NGALR co-expression and Ki67 (r=0.205, P<0.05) were observed. However, the expression of NGAL or NGALR was not significantly associated with patient survival. These findings detected an elevated expression of NGAL and NGALR resulting in poor cellular differentiation and a deeper invasion of CRC. Thus, NGALR may be a novel target for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu W, Jia L, Park SK, Li J, Gopalan A, Simmons-Menchaca M, Sanders BG, Kline K. Anticancer actions of natural and synthetic vitamin E forms: RRR-alpha-tocopherol blocks the anticancer actions of gamma-tocopherol. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:1573-81. [PMID: 19842103 PMCID: PMC3008344 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two naturally occurring dietary sources of vitamin E (i.e. RRR-alpha-tocopherol (alphaT) and RRR-gamma-tocopherol (gammaT)), the manufactured synthetic form of vitamin E, all-racemic-alpha-tocopherol (all-rac-alphaT), as well as a potent antitumor analog of vitamin E, RRR-alpha-tocopherol ether-linked acetic acid analog (alpha-TEA), were assessed for anticancer actions. Data showed that gammaT, all-rac-alphaT, and alpha-TEA but not alphaT or alphaT+gammaT significantly inhibited tumor burden of human MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Immunohistochemical analyses of tumor tissue showed that all-rac-alphaT and alpha-TEA increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation in tumor cells while gammaT was associated with increased tumor cell apoptosis only. In vitro data showed alpha-TEA and gammaT but not all-rac-alphaT or alphaT to inhibit colony formation and induce apoptosis. Anticancer actions of alpha-TEA and gammaT involved death receptor 5 protein upregulation, Survivin protein downregulation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, all of which were blocked by co-treatment with alphaT. In summary, both gammaT and alpha-TEA exhibited promising anticancer properties in vivo and in vitro, whereas all-rac-alphaT exhibited promising anticancer properties in vivo only. Importantly, alphaT not only failed to exhibit anticancer properties but it also reduced anticancer actions of gammaT in vivo and gammaT and alpha-TEA in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Yu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences/A2703, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Li Jia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sook-Kyung Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jing Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Archana Gopalan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences/A2703, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Bob G. Sanders
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly Kline
- Department of Nutritional Sciences/A2703, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Weng-Yew W, Selvaduray KR, Ming CH, Nesaretnam K. Suppression of tumor growth by palm tocotrienols via the attenuation of angiogenesis. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:367-73. [PMID: 19373610 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802582736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that tocotrienol-rich fractions (TRF) from palm oil inhibit the proliferation and the growth of solid tumors. The anticancer activity of TRF is said to be caused by several mechanisms, one of which is antiangiogenesis. In this study, we looked at the antiangiogenic effects of TRF. In vitro investigations of the antiangiogenic activities of TRF, delta-tocotrienol (deltaT3), and alpha-tocopherol (alphaToc) were carried out in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). TRF and deltaT3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation from 4 microg/ml onward (P < 0.05). Cell migration was inhibited the most by deltaT3 at 12 microg/ml. Anti-angiogenic properties of TRF were carried out further in vivo using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and BALB/c mice model. TRF at 200 microg/ml reduced the vascular network on CAM. TRF treatment of 1 mg/mouse significantly reduced 4T1 tumor volume in BALB/c mice. TRF significantly reduced serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, this study showed that palm tocotrienols exhibit anti-angiogenic properties that may assist in tumor regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wong Weng-Yew
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee HJ, Ju J, Paul S, So JY, DeCastro A, Smolarek A, Lee MJ, Yang CS, Newmark HL, Suh N. Mixed tocopherols prevent mammary tumorigenesis by inhibiting estrogen action and activating PPAR-gamma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:4242-9. [PMID: 19509159 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants present in vegetable oils. Although the antioxidant and anticancer activities of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) have been studied for decades, recent intervention studies with alpha-tocopherol have been negative for protection from cancer in humans. The tocopherols consist of four isoforms, which are the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants, and recent attention is being given to other isoforms. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a tocopherol mixture rich in gamma- and delta-tocopherols against mammary tumorigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU), and then fed diets containing 0.1%, 0.3%, or 0.5% mixed tocopherols rich in gamma- and delta-tocopherols for 9 weeks. Tumor burden and multiplicity were determined, and the levels of markers of inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated in the serum and in mammary tumors. The regulation of nuclear receptor signaling by tocopherols was studied in mammary tumors and in breast cancer cells. RESULTS Dietary administration of 0.1%, 0.3%, or 0.5% mixed tocopherols suppressed mammary tumor growth by 38%, 50%, or 80%, respectively. Tumor multiplicity was also significantly reduced in all three mixed tocopherol groups. Mixed tocopherols increased the expression of p21, p27, caspase-3, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, and inhibited AKT and estrogen signaling in mammary tumors. Our mechanistic study found that gamma- and delta-tocopherols, but not alpha-tocopherol, activated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma and antagonized estrogen action in breast cancer. CONCLUSION The results suggest that gamma- and delta-tocopherols may be effective agents for the prevention of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dietary modulation of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer through PPARγ. PPAR Res 2009; 2009:498352. [PMID: 19390648 PMCID: PMC2672162 DOI: 10.1155/2009/498352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) is dramatically increased for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. For instance, patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have a 12-20% increased risk for developing CRC. Preventive strategies utilizing nontoxic natural compounds that modulate immune responses could be successful in the suppression of inflammation-driven colorectal cancer in high-risk groups. The increase of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression and its transcriptional activity has been identified as a target for anti-inflammatory efforts, and the suppression of inflammation-driven colon cancer. PPARγ down-modulates inflammation and elicits antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions in epithelial cells. All of which may decrease the risk for inflammation-induced CRC. This review will focus on the use of orally active, naturally occurring chemopreventive approaches against inflammation-induced CRC that target PPARγ and therefore down-modulate inflammation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Upadhyay J, Misra K. Towards the interaction mechanism of tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) with selected metabolizing enzymes. Bioinformation 2009; 3:326-31. [PMID: 19707294 PMCID: PMC2720667 DOI: 10.6026/97320630003326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is a mixture of eight compounds alpha, beta, gamma, delta- tocopherols and alpha, beta, gamma, delta- tocotrienols. Their individual role in cellular transport as antioxidants and in metabolic pathways has been highlighted in the present work. All the eight compounds have been docked with the respective metabolizing enzymes (alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (ATTP), alpha-tocopherol associated protein (TAP), P-glycoprotein (P-gly) and human serum albumin (HSA)) to understand molecular interactions for pharmacokinetics. These have been structurally aligned against the four human phospholipids in order to reveal their individual role in chylomicron formation and hence the mechanism of cellular transport. The study of their binding with their metabolizing enzymes provides insight to the comparative antioxidant activity of each of these isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Upadhyay
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad - 211 002; India
| | - Krishna Misra
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad - 211 002; India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rapid quantitative determination of fat-soluble vitamins and coenzyme Q-10 in human serum by reversed phase ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
32
|
Virgili F, Marino M. Regulation of cellular signals from nutritional molecules: a specific role for phytochemicals, beyond antioxidant activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1205-16. [PMID: 18762244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals (PhC) are a ubiquitous class of plant secondary metabolites. A "recommended" human diet should warrant a high proportion of energy from fruits and vegetables, therefore providing, among other factors, a huge intake of PhC, in general considered "health promoting" by virtue of their antioxidant activity and positive modulation, either directly or indirectly, of the cellular and tissue redox balance. Diet acts through multiple pathways and the association between the consumption of specific food items and the risk of degenerative diseases is extremely complex. Recent literature suggests that molecules having a chemical structure compatible with a putative antioxidant capacity can actually "perform" activities and roles independent of such capacity, interacting with cellular functions at different levels, such as affecting enzyme activities, binding to membrane or nuclear receptors as either an elective ligand or a ligand mimic. Inductive or signaling effects may occur at concentrations much lower than that required for effective antioxidant activity. Therefore, the "antioxidant hypothesis" is to be considered in some cases an intellectual "shortcut" possibly biasing the real understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of various classes of food items. In the past few years, many exciting new indications elucidating the mechanisms of polyphenols have been published. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which specific molecules of nutritional interest, and in particular polyphenols, play a role in cellular response and in preventing pathologies. In particular, their direct interaction with nuclear receptors and their ability to modulate the activity of key enzymes involved in cell signaling and antioxidant responses are presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Virgili
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina, 546, I-00178 Roma, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu W, Jia L, Wang P, Lawson KA, Simmons-Menchaca M, Park SK, Sun L, Sanders BG, Kline K. In vitro andin vivo evaluation of anticancer actions of natural and synthetic vitamin E forms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:447-56. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
34
|
Yang H, Paromov V, Smith M, Stone WL. Preparation, characterization, and use of antioxidant-liposomes. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 477:277-292. [PMID: 19082954 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-517-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant liposomes provide a unique means of delivering both water and/or lipid soluble antioxidants to tissues thereby affecting disease states or signal transduction pathways modulated by oxidative stress. Considerable evidence suggests that liposome-encapsulated antioxidants can be superior to the corresponding free antioxidants in this regard. This chapter will provide practical details on the preparation, characterization, and use of antioxidant liposomes. Methods will be described for the small-scale preparation (1 ml) and large-scale (100 ml/hour) preparation of antioxidant liposomes as well as the techniques for characterizing their size distribution and their physical and chemical stability. The use of antioxidant liposomes in an in vitro situation will also be detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ibele AR, Koplin SA, Slaughenhoupt BL, Kryger JV, Friedl A, Lund DP. Colonic adenocarcinoma in a 13-year-old with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42:E1-3. [PMID: 17923181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in longevity among patients with cystic fibrosis has brought to light comorbidities associated with the disease that are less acutely fatal than its pulmonary manifestations. Modern retrospective analysis has demonstrated an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with cystic fibrosis, with a marked elevation in malignancy rates among patients in their 20s and 30s. Here we report a case of colonic adenocarcinoma presenting as pneumaturia in a 13-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Ibele
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Perhaps not surprisingly, vitamin E which has been touted to be potentially beneficial for a variety of disorders, including cancer, heart disease, and even Alzheimer's disorder, based on its function as an antioxidant has failed to withstand the scrutiny of recent, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials, including failure to provide science-based support for vitamin E as a potent anticancer agent. Although less studied, vitamin E forms other than RRR-alpha-tocopherol or synthetic all-rac-alpha-tocopherol show promise as anticancer agents in preclinical studies. This chapter will (1) review basic information about natural and synthetic vitamin E compounds as well as vitamin E analogues, (2) summarize the current status of human intervention trials, (3) review data from preclinical cell culture and animal model studies of vitamin E compounds and novel vitamin E-based analogues in regards to future potential for cancer treatment, and (4) summarize some of the insights that have been gained into the anticancer mechanisms of action of vitamin E-based compounds which are providing interesting insights into their potent proapoptotic effects, which include restoration of apoptotic signaling pathways and blockage of prosurvival signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Kline
- Division of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Srivastava JK, Gupta S. Tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in human prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:447-53. [PMID: 16762318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the requisite of cancer chemopreventive agent is elimination of damaged or malignant cells through cell cycle inhibition or induction of apoptosis without affecting normal cells. In this study, employing normal human prostate epithelial cells (PrEC), virally transformed normal human prostate epithelial cells (PZ-HPV-7), and human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3), we evaluated the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) extracted from palm oil. TRF treatment to PrEC and PZ-HPV-7 resulted in almost identical growth-inhibitory responses of low magnitude. In sharp contrast, TRF treatment resulted in significant decreases in cell viability and colony formation in all three prostate cancer cell lines. The IC(50) values after 24h TRF treatment in LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145 cells were in the order 16.5, 17.5, and 22.0 microg/ml. TRF treatment resulted in significant apoptosis in all the cell lines as evident from (i) DNA fragmentation, (ii) fluorescence microscopy, and (iii) cell death detection ELISA, whereas the PrEC and PZ-HPV-7 cells did not undergo apoptosis, but showed modestly decreased cell viability only at a high dose of 80 microg/ml. In cell cycle analysis, TRF (10-40 microg/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent G0/G1 phase arrest and sub G1 accumulation in all three cancer cell lines but not in PZ-HPV-7 cells. These results suggest that the palm oil derivative TRF is capable of selectively inhibiting cellular proliferation and accelerating apoptotic events in prostate cancer cells. TRF offers significant promise as a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent against prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
38
|
N/A, 孙 丹, 房 静. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:1502-1506. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i15.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|