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Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are defined as chemicals that interfere with the function of the endocrine system. EDCs exert their hormonal effects through several mechanisms; modulating hormone receptors or changing metabolism of different hormones. EDCs also influence multiple signalling pathways while effecting the hormonal systems and possess complex dose-response curves. EDCs can exert deleterious effects on bone tissue through changing bone modelling and remodelling via altering bone paracrine hormone synthesis, the release of systemic hormones, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, and effecting stem cell fate, as well as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Evidence is accumulating of the bone disrupting effect of different groups of EDCs, such as; the perfluoroalkyl substances, the phthalate esters, the bisphenol A, the organotin compounds, the alkylphenols and the dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. This review highlights the recent discoveries of the effects of commonly found environmental chemicals on bone from basic molecular findings to clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Turan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Low-dose Bisphenol A and its analogues Bisphenol F and S activate estrogen receptor ß and slightly modulate genes in human gingival keratinocytes. Dent Mater 2021; 37:625-635. [PMID: 33558057 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the putative activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and possible effects related on gene expression in oral mucosal cells in response to the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). METHODS Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were exposed to BPA-, BPF-, and BPS-solutions in concentrations of 1.3 μM, 0.16 μM and 11.4 nM as well as 200 pM and 100 nM estradiol (E2) for 6 h, 24 h and 4 d. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed to detect a possible ERβ activation. Additionally, transcription of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A linear mixed model and pairwise comparisons were applied for statistical analyses. RESULTS The tested concentrations of BPA, BPF, BPS and E2 revealed distinct activation of ERβ at all time periods, whereat 100 nM E2 induced the most pronounced activation. Despite the detected ERβ activation, the concentrations of BPA and its analogues induced only moderate modulation of the tested keratinocyte-relevant biomarker genes at all time periods. This also applied to 200 pM E2, while in case of 100 nM E2 significant changes (p < 0.05) were detected for almost all analyzed genes. SIGNIFICANCE Though BPA and its analogues induce activation of ERß irrespective from the chosen concentrations and incubation periods, they lack significant modulation of gene expression of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers. Although limited to a selected number of genes, the sparse modulation of gene expression may give a hint that the substances do slightly affect transcription of gingival-keratinocyte-innate genes, since the concentrations applied to HGK were of physiological importance.
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Lawan A, Apeyemi C, Chutiyami M, Bello UM, Salihu D, Tafida BA, Abubakar U, Rufa'i AA. Impact of physical activity and traumatic exposure on occurrence of gestational hypertension: a survey of pregnant women in an armed-conflict region in Nigeria. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:295-301. [PMID: 32419529 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1765173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare physical activity level and traumatic exposure between normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women in an armed conflict region of Nigeria. METHODS 130 normotensives and hypertensive pregnant women comprising of 65 participants per group participated in the study. Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess traumatic events and physical activity respectively. RESULTS Significant difference was observed on total traumatic event (p = 0.008) and all domains and intensities of physical activity except inactivity and sedentary (p > 0.05). Household activities (OR: 0.989; 95% CI: 0.981-0.996), occupational activities (OR: 0.936; 95%CI: 0.879-0.996) and sport/exercise activities (OR: 0.898; 95%CI: 0.832-0.969) were associated with a decrease hypertensive pregnancy. CONCLUSION Despite exposed to traumatic events, physical activity is associated with normotensive pregnancy in an armed conflict region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Lawan
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Maiduguri , Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Cecelia Apeyemi
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Maiduguri , Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Chutiyami
- Department of Nursing, Shehu Sule College of Nursing and Midwifery , Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Umar Muhammad Bello
- Physiotherapy Department, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital (YSUTH) , Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Dauda Salihu
- Department of Nursing, Shehu Sule College of Nursing and Midwifery , Damaturu, Nigeria
| | | | - Umar Abubakar
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Maiduguri , Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Hassan S, Ali R, Shah D, Sajjad N, Qadir J. Bisphenol A and Phthalates Exhibit Similar Toxicogenomics and Health Effects. HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS OF PLASTIC POLLUTION 2020. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A and phthalates are most frequently detected organic pollutants found in our surroundings because of their regular use as plasticizers in daily use polymeric products. BPA is used in manufacturing baby feeding bottles, water pipes, canned food linings, and food packaging materials. Phthalates are used in polyvinyl chloride products including clothing, toys, medical devices, and food packaging. These chemicals are not bound to the matrix and leach out into the surroundings on slight change in the environment, like alteration in pH, temperature, and pressure. Humans are continuously exposed to these chemicals through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion when the leachates enter food, drinks, air, water, or soil. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) revealed that Bisphenol A has 1932 interactions with genes/proteins and few frequently used phthalates (DEHP, MEHP, DBP, BBP, and MBP) showed 484 gene/protein interactions. Similar toxicogenomics and adverse effects of Bisphenol A and phthalates on human health are attributed to their 89 common interacting genes/proteins.
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Arsenic exposure during prepuberty alters prostate maturation in pubescent rats. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mantovani A. Endocrine Disrupters and the Safety of Food Chains. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:279-288. [PMID: 26535888 DOI: 10.1159/000441496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (ED) are a heterogeneous group of chemicals including persistent contaminants, pesticides, as well as compounds present in consumer products and natural substances. For most ED, the food chain is a current major exposure route for the general population. ED can enter the food chain through the living environment (e.g., feeds, fertilizers) of food-producing organisms, be directly employed in food production (e.g., pesticides) or be released from food contact materials (such as bisphenol A or phthalates); in addition, the endocrine disruption potential of some natural compounds in edible plants, including the so-called phytoestrogens, should not be overlooked. An exposure assessment has to consider the specific liability of food commodities to contamination with specific ED (e.g., polychlorinated and polybrominated chemicals in lipid-rich foods). The paper discusses the main toxicological research issues in order to support the risk assessment of ED in food chains, including: the potential for additive, 'cocktail' effects (as from multiple pesticide residues); the long-term effects on target body systems (e.g., reproductive, nervous) elicited by exposure during prenatal as well as postnatal life stage windows, and toxicant/nutrient interactions (e.g., thyroid-targeting ED and iodine status). Food safety systems should exploit the available knowledge to improve prevention of long-term risks along the whole food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Wittsiepe J, Wald K, Koch HM, Wilhelm M. Pre-pubertal exposure with phthalates and bisphenol A and pubertal development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187922. [PMID: 29155850 PMCID: PMC5695814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies indicate associations between childhood exposure with phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) and the pubertal development. We examined associations between the pre-pubertal phthalate and BPA body burden and the longitudinally assessed sexual maturation of eight- to thirteen-year-old children. METHODS We started with eight- to ten-year-old children in the baseline study and quantified phthalate metabolites and BPA in 472 urine samples (250 boys; 222 girls; mean age: 8.8 years). Associations between the pubertal development, assessed in three annual follow-up studies by Puberty Development scale questionnaires (PD scales), and the chemical exposure from the baseline visit were longitudinally analyzed with generalized estimation equations. RESULTS The number of children with both chemical measures and PD scores (calculated from the PD scales) was 408. In the third follow-up, 49% of the girls and 18% of the boys had reached mid-puberty. For girls, we observed a delayed pubertal development with the di-hexyl-ethyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (β: -0.16 to -0.23; p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.1), mono-n-butyl phthalate (β: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.31; 0.01), mono-benzyl phthalate (β: -0.11; 95% CI: -0,24; -0,01), and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) (β: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.28; -0.01). In addition, significant non-linear associations of the DEHP metabolites and BPA with the PD scores were found, when their quadratic effects were included in the GEE models. In boys, no consistent relationships between the PD scores and the chemicals were detected except of an accelerated development with the ∑DEHP metabolites (β: 0.16; 95% CI: -0.02; -0.34). CONCLUSION We found indications that pre-pubertal exposures with phthalates and BPA were associated with pubertal timing in children, particularly in girls. For boys, associations were inconsistent, and not necessarily in line with the known anti-androgenicity of some phthalates during prenatal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kasper-Sonnenberg
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jürgen Wittsiepe
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Wald
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Ogo FM, Lion Siervo GEM, Staurengo‐Ferrari L, Oliveira Mendes L, Luchetta NR, Vieira HR, Fattori V, Verri WA, Scarano WR, Fernandes GSA. Bisphenol A Exposure Impairs Epididymal Development during the Peripubertal Period of Rats: Inflammatory Profile and Tissue Changes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:262-270. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Mithie Ogo
- Department of General Biology Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
- Department of Pathological Sciences Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
| | - Glaucia Eloisa Munhoz Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
- Department of Pathological Sciences Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
| | - Larissa Staurengo‐Ferrari
- Department of General Biology Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Mendes
- Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences UNESP – Paulista State University Botucatu Brazil
| | - Nicla Renata Luchetta
- Department of General Biology Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
| | - Henrique Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of General Biology Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Department of Pathological Sciences Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Department of Pathological Sciences Biological Sciences Center State University of Londrina – UEL Londrina Brazil
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Mutic AD, Baker BJ, McCauley LA. Deleterious Effects From Occupational Exposure to Ethylene Thiourea in Pregnant Women. Workplace Health Saf 2017; 65:595-602. [DOI: 10.1177/2165079916687312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has become common as a result of widespread application of these chemicals to the food supply, environmental contamination, and occupational exposures (Caserta et al., 2011). However, relatively little is known about the effects of EDCs such as ethylene thiourea (ETU) in developing fetuses and the lasting implications of this disruption on human development from birth through adulthood. Of highest concern are chronic, low-dose exposures among industrial and agricultural workers. Current knowledge regarding the significance of endocrine thyroid signaling on normal human development raises serious concerns about the possible deleterious effects of EDCs in the developing fetus, children, and mature adults. Occupational health nurses are critical in identifying women and families at increased risk of ETU exposure and mitigating early exposures in pregnancy.
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Sun HJ, Xiang P, Luo J, Hong H, Lin H, Li HB, Ma LQ. Mechanisms of arsenic disruption on gonadal, adrenal and thyroid endocrine systems in humans: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 95:61-68. [PMID: 27502899 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to its toxicity as a carcinogen and wide distribution in the environment, arsenic (As) exposure in humans is of public concern globally. Many studies have manifested that As exposure induces cancers besides pathological effects in humans. Animal studies showed that chronic As exposure induces serious neurological effects. Based on recent studies, researchers proposed that As, including arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), is also an endocrine disruptor. This review discusses the mechanisms of As toxicity on three endocrine systems including gonadal, adrenal and thyroid endocrine systems. Arsenic methylation and oxidative stress are responsible for As-induced disorders of endocrine systems, however, strong binding of AsIII to thiols also play an important role. Some studies showed AsV toxicity on endocrine systems, but mechanistic investigation is lacking. Research is needed to look into their toxicity mechanisms to help cure the illnesses caused by As-induced endocrine system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Ma F, Deng L, Secrest P, Shi L, Zhao J, Gagneux P. A Mouse Model for Dietary Xenosialitis: ANTIBODIES TO XENOGLYCAN CAN REDUCE FERTILITY. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18222-31. [PMID: 27382056 PMCID: PMC5000070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.739169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can incorporate the xenoglycan N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) from the diet into reproductive tissues and secretions. Most humans also have circulating antibodies specific for this dietary xenoglycan. The potential for inflammation induced by incorporated Neu5Gc and circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, termed xenosialitis, has been discussed as a factor influencing several human diseases. Potential effects of xenosialitis on human fertility remain unknown. Here, we investigate possible adverse effects of the presence of Neu5Gc on sperm or endometrium combined with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in semen or uterine secretions in a mouse model. We use Cmah(-/-) mice, humanized for Neu5Gc deficiency. We find that the viability, migration, and capacitation of sperm with incorporated Neu5Gc are negatively affected when these are exposed to anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. In addition, we find that after copulation, activated uterine neutrophils and macrophages show increased phagocytosis of sperm in the presence of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies via the complement receptor 3 (C3R) and Fcγ I/II/III (Fc receptor). Furthermore, Neu5Gc in endometrial cells combined with the presence of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies alters the receptivity and decidualization of endometrial explants. These studies provide mechanistic insights on how Neu5Gc on sperm and/or endometrium combined with anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in semen and uterine fluid might contribute to unexplained human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- From the Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China and
| | - Liwen Deng
- the Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Department of Pathology
| | - Patrick Secrest
- the Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Department of Pathology
| | | | - June Zhao
- Transgenic Mouse Core, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- the Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Department of Pathology,
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Del Pup L, Mantovani A, Luce A, Cavaliere C, Facchini G, Di Francia R, Caraglia M, Berretta M. Endocrine disruptors and female cancer: Informing the patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 34:3-11. [PMID: 25998096 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollutants altering the endocrine system, known as endocrine disruptors (ED), may modify the risk of female cancers. The carcinogenic effect of ED on humans has been confirmed by experimental studies for various substances including pesticides, DDT, dioxins, phthalates, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, as well as heavy metals, but it is difficult to quantify precisely for several reasons hereby reviewed. Carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial mechanism that manifests itself over a long period of time, making difficult the detection of the specific contribution of the pollutants, whose absorbed dose is often unknown. The combined effect of various substances leads to complex interactions whose outcome is difficult to predict. These substances may accumulate and carry out their harmful effect on critical periods of life, probably also at doses considered harmless to an adult. ED can also have epigenetic adverse effects on the health of future generations. In conclusion, the carcinogenic effects of endocrine disruptors on female cancer types is plausible although additional studies are needed to clarify their mechanisms and entities. In the last part of the review we suggest ways to reduce ED exposure as it is mandatory to implement necessary measures to limit exposure, particularly during those periods of life most vulnerable to the impact of oncogenic environmental causes, such as the embryonic period and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino Del Pup
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ̔Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ̔Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Di Francia
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ̔Fondazione Giovanni Pascale', IRCCS, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
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Mosbah R, Yousef MI, Maranghi F, Mantovani A. Protective role of Nigella sativa oil against reproductive toxicity, hormonal alterations, and oxidative damage induced by chlorpyrifos in male rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1266-77. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714554675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at elucidating the possible protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in alleviating the toxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on reproductive performance in male rats. Animals were orally administered with NSO (1 ml/kg/day), CPF (20 mg/kg/day), and NSO + CPF every day for 4 weeks. Results showed that CPF decreased spermatid number, sperm count, daily sperm production, and sperm motility while increased dead sperm and abnormal sperm compared with the control. Also the levels of testosterone, thyroxine levels, steroidogenic enzyme 17-ketosteroid reductase, body weight, food intake, and relative weight of reproductive organs were decreased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased, while glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in plasma and testes of rats treated with CPF. Histopathological examination of testes showed a decrease in the number of seminiferous tubules, form shrinkage, enlargement of the connective tissue and gametogenic changes in germ cells of rats treated with CPF. NSO alone increased testosterone, semen characteristics, GSH, and antioxidant enzymes and decreased the levels of free radicals. Furthermore, the presence of NSO with CPF alleviates its toxic effects. Our results indicated that NSO can improve semen picture and moderate CPF-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Mosbah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Mokhtar Ibrahim Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, IstitutoSuperiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, IstitutoSuperiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Zatelli MC, Ambrosio MR, Bondanelli M, Degli Uberti E. Pituitary side effects of old and new drugs. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:917-23. [PMID: 25070042 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pituitary function is influenced by several drugs, including anti-depressant, opioids, glucocorticoids, chemotherapeutic agents, immunomodulators and the newly developed tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In most instances, treatment with these drugs negatively affects pituitary function, but in rare cases an activation of specific hypothalamic-pituitary axes may be observed. Several of the observed pituitary side effects are reversible after drug withdrawal, but pituitary function deficiency may persist long-term. In addition to the well known drugs, recent evidence shows that also non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs impair gonadal axis at pituitary level, while antipsychotic phenothiazines alter TSH response to TRH and TSH levels. Atypical antipsychotics may decrease TRH-stimulated TSH. Tricyclic antidepressant drugs interfere with the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis by decreasing TSH response to TRH. Anabolic-androgenic steroids, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, and opioid narcotics negatively impact fertility, also acting at hypothalamic-pituitary level. CONCLUSIONS Many of the drugs administered routinely in the intensive care unit significantly impact the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Therefore, an increased awareness on pituitary side effects of drugs commonly used in clinical practice is necessary in order to rule out possible pharmacological interference when assessing patients with pituitary deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Zatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100, Ferrara, Italy,
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Pouokam GB, Ajaezi GC, Mantovani A, Orisakwe OE, Frazzoli C. Use of Bisphenol A-containing baby bottles in Cameroon and Nigeria and possible risk management and mitigation measures: community as milestone for prevention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:296-302. [PMID: 24602914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The plasticizer Bisphenol A (BPA) is banned in baby bottles in many industrialized countries due to safety concerns. We provide a pilot view on the potential BPA exposure of bottle-fed children in sub-Saharan Africa through an enquiry on availability, accessibility and affordability of plastic baby bottles, usage pattern, and risk perception. An observational survey was conducted in a randomized group of vending sites (34 pharmacies; 87 shops and markets), in three cities (Yaoundé, Foumbot, Bafoussam) in Cameroon (two regions), and in two cities (Lagos, Port Harcourt) in Nigeria (two states). Interviews in vending sites and group discussions were conducted with 248 mothers. Cameroon and Nigeria showed a largely comparable situation. Plastic baby bottles are largely imported from industrialized countries, where a label indicates the presence/absence of BPA. In pharmacies most plastic baby bottles are labeled as BPA-free, whereas most bottles sold in shops are not BPA-free. BPA-containing bottles are more accessible and affordable, due to sale in common shops and lower costs. The meaning of the label BPA-free is unknown to both vendors and customers: the BPA issue is also largely unknown to policy makers and media and no regulation exists on food contact materials. The wide availability of BPA-containing baby bottles, lack of information and usage patterns (e.g. temperature and duration of heating) suggest a likely widespread exposure of African infants. Possible usage recommendations to mitigate exposure are indicated. Risk communication to policy makers, sellers and citizens is paramount to raise awareness and to oppose possible dumping from countries where BPA-containing materials are banned. Our pilot study points out relevant global health issues such as the capacity building of African communities on informed choices and usage of baby products, and the exploitation of international knowledge by African scientists and risk managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bertrand Pouokam
- Laboratory of Food Sciences and Metabolism, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Godwin Chukwuebuka Ajaezi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, East/West Road PMB 5323, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Maranghi F, De Angelis S, Tassinari R, Chiarotti F, Lorenzetti S, Moracci G, Marcoccia D, Gilardi E, Di Virgilio A, Eusepi A, Mantovani A, Olivieri A. Reproductive toxicity and thyroid effects in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to low doses of ethylenethiourea. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:261-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Rochester JR. Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:132-55. [PMID: 23994667 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1176] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect humans. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between BPA and health effects in humans. However, in the last year, the number of these studies has more than doubled. A comprehensive literature search found 91 studies linking BPA to human health; 53 published within the last year. This review outlines this body of literature, showing associations between BPA exposure and adverse perinatal, childhood, and adult health outcomes, including reproductive and developmental effects, metabolic disease, and other health effects. These studies encompass both prenatal and postnatal exposures, and include several study designs and population types. While it is difficult to make causal links with epidemiological studies, the growing human literature correlating environmental BPA exposure to adverse effects in humans, along with laboratory studies in many species including primates, provides increasing support that environmental BPA exposure can be harmful to humans, especially in regards to behavioral and other effects in children.
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Key Words
- 17-beta estradiol
- 8-OHdG
- 8-hydoxydeoxyguanosine
- A European population representative sample (Chianti, Italy)
- AGD
- ANA
- BADGE
- BASC-2
- BMI
- BPA
- BRIEF-P
- Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool
- Behavioral Assessment System for Children
- Bisphenol A
- C-reactive protein
- CAD
- CBCL
- CHAMACOS
- CHD
- CMV
- CRP
- CVD
- Child Behavior Checklist
- DBP
- DHEAS
- Development
- E2
- ECN
- EFS
- EH
- EPIC-Norfolk Study
- ER
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
- Epidemiology
- FAI
- FDA
- FSH
- FT
- Food and Drug Administration
- HDL
- HOMES
- HRV
- HbA1c
- Human
- IL-6
- ISCI
- IVF
- InCHIANTI
- LDL
- LH
- MDA
- MGH
- MaGiCAD
- Massachusetts General Hospital (United States)
- Metabolic disease
- NECAT
- NHANES
- NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
- NNNS
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States)
- OHAT
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation
- PCOS
- PFOA
- PFOS
- PIVUS
- Reproduction
- SBP
- SCE
- SFF
- SHBG
- SRS
- Social Responsiveness Scale
- T
- T3
- T4
- TDI
- TSH
- The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, Salina, CA
- The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Study, consisting of over 500,000 people (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom)
- The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study (United States)
- The Metabolomics and Genomics in Coronary Artery Disease Study (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom)
- The New England Children's Amalgam Trial (United States)
- The Study for Future Families, USA
- The Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (Uppsala, Sweden)
- Thyroid
- UCSF
- USEPA
- United Sates Environmental Protection Agency
- University of California, San Francisco
- VCL
- anogenital distance
- antinuclear antibodies
- bisGMA
- bisphenol A
- bisphenol A diglycidyl ether
- bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate
- body mass index
- cardiovascular disease
- coronary artery disease
- coronary heart disease
- curvilinear velocity (μm/s)
- cytomegalovirus
- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
- diastolic blood pressure
- embryo cell number
- embryo fragmentation score
- endometrial hyperplasia
- estrogen receptor
- follicle-stimulating hormone
- free androgen index (total T divided by SHBG)
- free testosterone
- hCG
- heart rate variability
- hemoglobin A1c
- high-density lipoprotein
- human chorionic gonadotropin
- in vitro fertilization
- interleukin-6
- intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- low-density lipoprotein
- luteinizing hormone
- malondialdehyde
- perfluorooctane sulfonate
- perfluorooctanoic acid
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- rtPCR
- sex hormone binding globulin
- sister chromatid exchange
- systolic blood pressure
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- thyroxine
- tolerable daily intake
- total testosterone
- triidothyronine
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna R Rochester
- The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), P.O. Box 1407, Paonia, CO 81428, United States.
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Puberty dysregulation and increased risk of disease in adult life: possible modes of action. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 44:15-22. [PMID: 23791931 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is the developmental window when the final maturation of body systems is orchestrated by hormones; lifelong sex-related differences and capacity to interact with the environment are defined during this life stage. Increased incidence in a number of chronic, multifactorial diseases could be related to environmental exposures during puberty: however, insight on the susceptibility of the peripubertal period is still limited. The estrogen/androgen balance is a crucial axis in harmonizing the whole pubertal development, pointing out the significance of exposures to endocrine disruptors. Besides the reproductive system, endocrine-related perturbations may affect the maturation of skeleton, adipose tissues, brain, immune system, as well as cancer predisposition. Thus, risk assessment of environmental stressors should duly consider specific aspects of the pubertal window. Besides endocrine-related mechanisms, suggested research priorities include signaling molecules (e.g., kisspeptins, dopamine) as xenobiotic targets and disturbances of specific pubertal methylation processes potentially involved in neurobehavioral disorders and cancer risk in adulthood.
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Caserta D, Bordi G, Ciardo F, Marci R, La Rocca C, Tait S, Bergamasco B, Stecca L, Mantovani A, Guerranti C, Fanello EL, Perra G, Borghini F, Focardi SE, Moscarini M. The influence of endocrine disruptors in a selected population of infertile women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:444-7. [PMID: 23347089 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.758702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies report that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) able to interfere with endocrine homeostasis may affect women's reproductive health. We analyzed EDC serum levels and nuclear receptors (NRs) expression in order to have an indication of the internal dose of biologically active compounds and a measurement of indicators of their effects, as a result of the repeated uptake from environmental source. The percentage of patients with detectable bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations was significantly higher in the infertile patients compared with fertile subjects. No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) concentrations. Among infertile women, the mean expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (Erβ), androgen receptor (AR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) was significantly higher than fertile patients. The mean expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) did not show significant differences between two groups. Patients with endometriosis had higher levels of PPARγ than all women with other causes of infertility. This study led further support to EDC exposure as a risk factor for women's fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Caserta
- Department of Woman Health and Territory's Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Maranghi F, Mantovani A. Targeted toxicological testing to investigate the role of endocrine disrupters in puberty disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Marx-Stoelting P, Pfeil R, Solecki R, Ulbrich B, Grote K, Ritz V, Banasiak U, Heinrich-Hirsch B, Moeller T, Chahoud I, Hirsch-Ernst K. Assessment strategies and decision criteria for pesticides with endocrine disrupting properties relevant to humans. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:574-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Frazzoli C, Mantovani A. Toxicants exposures as novel zoonoses: reflections on sustainable development, food safety and veterinary public health. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 57:e136-42. [PMID: 20163579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The modern concept of zoonosis considers any detriment to the health and/or quality of human life resulting from relationships with (other) vertebrate or edible or toxic invertebrate animals. Whereas exposure to toxicants through foods of animal origin (a.o.) is a well-established issue, hereby we discuss it as novel zoonoses, from the standpoints of health implications as well as similarities and differences with classical zoonoses caused by biological agents. Novel toxicant-related zoonoses are linked with new issues in food safety, such as the environment-feed-food chain. In fact, the potential effect of the combined and repeated exposure to dietary toxicants is generally long-term and not readily discernible. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in staple foods of a.o. are discussed as a telling example of a food safety issue summing up critical points covered by the definition of sustainable development, also implicating health risks for generations to come. We suggest some critical points to implement the veterinary public health action in sustainable food safety, such as enhancement of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points systems for toxicological risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Frazzoli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit and WHO/FAO Collaborating Centre for Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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23
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Caserta D, Mantovani A, Marci R, Fazi A, Ciardo F, La Rocca C, Maranghi F, Moscarini M. Environment and women's reproductive health. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:418-33. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Mantovani A, Frazzoli C, La Rocca C. Risk assessment of endocrine-active compounds in feeds. Vet J 2009; 182:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Existing approaches incorporating replacement, reduction and refinement of animal testing: applicability in food and feed risk assessment. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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26
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De Angelis S, Tassinari R, Maranghi F, Eusepi A, Di Virgilio A, Chiarotti F, Ricceri L, Pesciolini AV, Gilardi E, Moracci G, Calamandrei G, Olivieri A, Mantovani A. Developmental Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Induces Alterations in Thyroid and Thyroid Hormone Levels Without Other Toxicity Signs in Cd1 Mice. Toxicol Sci 2009; 108:311-9. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Piña B, Boronat S, Casado M, Olivares A. Recombinant Yeast Assays and Gene Expression Assays for the Analysis of Endocrine Disruption. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-36253-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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28
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Mantovani A, Maranghi F, La Rocca C, Tiboni GM, Clementi M. The role of toxicology to characterize biomarkers for agrochemicals with potential endocrine activities. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Ferrara F, Ademollo N, Delise M, Fabietti F, Funari E. Alkylphenols and their ethoxylates in seafood from the Tyrrhenian Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:1279-1285. [PMID: 18547607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the results of an investigation on occurrence of octylphenols (OPs), nonylphenols (NPs) and their respective ethoxylates (with 1-6 ethoxylic group) in aquatic species of commercial interest from the Tyrrhenian Sea. Samples were collected at Livorno, Fiumicino and Salerno commercial harbors, during September-October 2003. The data obtained showed that almost all of the tested compounds were found in all the samples. NP was generally detected at the highest concentrations. Among the tested species common to the three sampling sites, mullets and seabreams generally showed high values of total alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) (44-55 ng g(-1) and 27-525 ng g(-1) fw), yet, the maximum concentrations were found in shrimps from Fiumicino (1255 ng g(-1) fw). On the contrary, the lowest concentrations were observed in hakes and anchovies (34-36 ng g(-1) and 6-37 ng g(-1) fw). Tuna, exhibited very high concentrations of total alkylphenolic compounds (APEs) (889 ng g(-1) fw). Seafood from Fiumicino fishing area, which is under the influence of the River Tiber, showed a degree of contamination of at least one order of magnitude higher than the other two sites. On the basis of the results of this study, the corresponding daily intakes of NPs are much lower than the TDI proposed by the Danish Environmental Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ferrara
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Viale Regina Elena, Rome, Italy.
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30
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Lee YM, Rhee JS, Hwang DS, Kim IC, Raisuddin S, Lee JS. p53 gene expression is modulated by endocrine disrupting chemicals in the hermaphroditic fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 147:150-7. [PMID: 17950039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The full-length of cDNA of tumour suppressor gene p53 from the self-fertilizing fish Kryptolebias marmoratus (Km-p53) was determined using molecular cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The Complete cDNA sequences of K. marmoratus (Km-p53) gene was 1.8 kb in length. K. marmoratus p53 amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology with the sequences from fishes, amphibians, and mammals. Although basal level of expression of Km-p53 mRNA was low, all the studied tissues showed some level of expression. After exposure of K. marmoratus to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol, Km-p53 expression was significantly increased within 3 h of exposure in juveniles. However, expression was down-regulated by exposure to most of the EDCs when measured at 96 h in adult fish. In adult fish, suppressive effect of EDCs was more pronounced in liver as compared to other tissues. These findings suggest that Km-p53 gene would be involved in cellular defense mechanism in early stage of exposure to EDCs and long-term exposure may suppress its expression. It may be possible that the suppression of p53 by EDCs may predispose the host to environmental chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, and the National Research Lab of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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31
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Kolf-Clauw M, Ayouni F, Tardieu D, Guerre P. Variations in zearalenone activation in avian food species. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:1467-73. [PMID: 18221829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a widely distributed oestrogenic fusariotoxin, constitutes a potential risk for human and animal health. ZEA is metabolised to the main metabolites identified in vitro and in vivo: alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL) and beta-zearalenol (beta-ZOL). The efficiency to produce alpha-reduced metabolites appears of particular interest in risk assessment as alpha-reduced metabolites constitute activated forms whereas beta-reduced metabolites are less oestrogenic than ZEA. In this study ZEA activation was compared in avian food species. ZEA and its reduced metabolites were quantified in subcellular fractions of six avian species and rat livers. The alpha-ZOL/beta-ZOL ratio in rats was 19. The various avian food species cannot be considered to be equivalent in terms of ZEA reduction (P<0.001). Quails represented high "beta reducers", with alpha-ZOL/beta-ZOL ratio less than two. Weak "beta reducers" included on one part ducks and chickens showing alpha-ZOL/beta-ZOL ratio greater than 3 and up to 5.6 and on a second part geese, showing a lower production of alpha-ZOL than other poultry. Comparisons of enzyme kinetics in ducks and in quails show that these variations can be explained by the action of various isoforms of dehydrogenases. These results are relevant to food safety, in the context of frequently inevitable contamination of animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kolf-Clauw
- Unité de Mycotoxicologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France.
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Van Liempd SM, Kool J, Meerman JH, Irth H, Vermeulen NP. Metabolic Profiling of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds by On-Line Cytochrome P450 Bioreaction Coupled to On-Line Receptor Affinity Screening. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:1825-32. [DOI: 10.1021/tx7000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan M. Van Liempd
- LACDR-Divisions of Molecular Toxicology and Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Kiadis Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- LACDR-Divisions of Molecular Toxicology and Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Kiadis Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John H. Meerman
- LACDR-Divisions of Molecular Toxicology and Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Kiadis Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertus Irth
- LACDR-Divisions of Molecular Toxicology and Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Kiadis Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico P. Vermeulen
- LACDR-Divisions of Molecular Toxicology and Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Kiadis Pharma, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Clementi M, Causin R, Marzocchi C, Mantovani A, Tenconi R. A study of the impact of agricultural pesticide use on the prevalence of birth defects in northeast Italy. Reprod Toxicol 2007; 24:1-8. [PMID: 17561371 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are probably the most frequently deliberately released toxic chemicals into the environment. However, although the results of experimental studies indicate developmental toxicity hazards for several groups of chemicals used, the studies in humans are contradictory. There are specific regulations in the European Union (EU) regarding the use of pesticides and there is also considerable awareness about possible related health problems. In order to investigate whether, in the current EU situation, the use of certain pesticides could be associated with adverse health effects in the outcome of pregnancies, we have performed a 6-year study in an agricultural area in the Veneto Region of, northeastern Italy, where we have been able to define the exact quantity and type of pesticides as well as the exposed population, in order to quantify the risk of congenital malformations related to the use of pesticides. Data on congenital malformations were obtained from the northeast Italy Congenital malformation Registry, using several sources of ascertainment, while pesticide use were obtained through interviews with users and sellers. The municipalities of three contiguous provinces were divided into those with a high, low or intermediate use of pesticides. In the study period there was a total of 146,239 consecutive pregnancies terminating in birth or induced abortion because of congenital malformation. No significant differences in the prevalence of congenital malformations were observed between the three different areas (high, low, intermediate risk). Our study confirms that in countries such as Italy, where there is close control of the use of pesticides, there is no epidemiological evidence that pesticides have any effect on the prevalence of congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Clementi
- NEI Registry, Genetica Clinica Epidemiologica, Dipartimento Pediatria, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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