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Cui Y, Li S, Xu W, Li Y, Xie J, Wang D, Guo J, Zhou J, Feng X, Hou L, Liu J. A Receptor Integrin β1 Promotes Infection of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C by Recognizing a Viral Fusion Protein RSD Motif. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:829. [PMID: 38255903 PMCID: PMC10815723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C) causes respiratory diseases and egg dropping in chickens and turkeys, resulting in severe economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Integrin β1 (ITGB1), a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule, is present in various cells and mediates numerous viral infections. Herein, we demonstrate that ITGB1 is essential for aMPV/C infection in cultured DF-1 cells, as evidenced by the inhibition of viral binding by EDTA blockade, Arg-Ser-Asp (RSD) peptide, monoclonal antibody against ITGB1, and ITGB1 short interfering (si) RNA knockdown in cultured DF-1 cells. Simulation of the binding process between the aMPV/C fusion (F) protein and avian-derived ITGB1 using molecular dynamics showed that ITGB1 may be a host factor benefiting aMPV/C attachment or internalization. The transient expression of avian ITGB1-rendered porcine and feline non-permissive cells (DQ cells and CRFK cells, respectively) is susceptible to aMPV/C infection. Kinetic replication of aMPV/C in siRNA-knockdown cells revealed that ITGB1 plays an important role in aMPV/C infection at the early stage (attachment and internalization). aMPV/C was also able to efficiently infect human non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells. This may be a consequence of the similar structures of both metapneumovirus F protein-specific motifs (RSD for aMPV/C and RGD for human metapneumovirus) recognized by ITGB1. Overexpression of avian-derived ITGB1 and human-derived ITGB1 in A549 cells enhanced aMPV/C infectivity. Taken together, this study demonstrated that ITGB1 acts as an essential receptor for aMPV/C attachment and internalization into host cells, facilitating aMPV/C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Siting Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiali Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.); (S.L.); (W.X.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.W.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Wang S, Jiang N, Jiang L, Zhuang Q, Chen Q, Hou G, Xiao Z, Zhao R, Li Y, Zhao C, Zhang F, Yu J, Li J, Liu H, Sun F, Wang K. Establishment and application of a quadruple real-time RT-PCR for detecting avian metapneumovirus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270708. [PMID: 35763505 PMCID: PMC9239461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop an appropriate method for high-throughput detection of avian metapneumovirus, a quadruple real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was established with four pairs of specific primers and four specific probes based on the G or M gene of aMPV-A, aMPV-B, aMPV-C and aMPV-D. Its specificity and sensitivity were evaluated, and clinical samples were tested by the method. The results showed that all the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus can be detected in the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay simultaneously, with a detection limit of 100-1000 cRNA copies/reaction. The other common poultry viruses were negative. In the avian clinical sample detection, 39 out of 1920 clinical samples collected from 8 provinces were positive. Compared with published RT-PCR assays, the κ value of the quadruple real-time RT-PCR assay in 1920 avian clinical samples was 1.000 (P < 0.001). The established method could be used for the rapid detection of the four subgroups of avian metapneumovirus with high specificity and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lijian Jiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Qingye Zhuang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiamen Agriculture Product Quality and Safety Test Centre, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Agriculture Product Quality and Safety Test Centre, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Fuyou Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Yu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fuliang Sun
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Wang D, Hou L, Zhu N, Yang X, Zhou J, Cui Y, Guo J, Feng X, Liu J. Interaction of Nucleolin with the Fusion Protein of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C Contributes to Viral Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071402. [PMID: 35891383 PMCID: PMC9317408 DOI: 10.3390/v14071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C) is highly pathogenic to various avian species with acute respiratory tract clinicopathology and/or drops in egg production. Nucleolin (NCL), an important nucleolar protein, has been shown to regulate multiple viral replication and serve as a functional receptor for viral entry and internalization. Whether NCL is involved in aMPV/C pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we found that aMPV/C infection altered the subcellular localization of NCL in cultured cells. siRNA-targeted NCL resulted in a remarkable decline in aMPV/C replication in Vero cells. DF-1 cells showed a similar response after CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock out of NCL during aMPV/C infection. Conversely, NCL overexpression significantly increased aMPV/C replication. Pretreatment with AS1411-a aptamer, a guanine (G)-rich oligonucleotide that forms four-stranded structures and competitively binding to NCL, decreased aMPV/C replication and viral titers in cultured cells. Additionally, we found that the aMPV/C fusion (F) protein specifically interacts with NCL through its central domain and that AS1411 disrupts this interaction, thus inhibiting viral replication. Taken together, these results reveal that the aMPV/C F protein interacts with NCL, which is employed by aMPV/C for efficient replication, thereby highlighting the strategic potential for control and therapy of aMPV/C infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Wang
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinshuo Guo
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xufei Feng
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterimary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.W.); (L.H.); (N.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (X.F.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Bello MB, Yusoff K, Ideris A, Hair-Bejo M, Jibril AH, Peeters BPH, Omar AR. Exploring the Prospects of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus in Modern Vaccinology. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040451. [PMID: 32316317 PMCID: PMC7232247 DOI: 10.3390/v12040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditional vaccines have proven to be incapable of controlling newly emerging infectious diseases. They have also achieved limited success in the fight against a variety of human cancers. Thus, innovative vaccine strategies are highly needed to overcome the global burden of these diseases. Advances in molecular biology and reverse genetics have completely restructured the concept of vaccinology, leading to the emergence of state-of-the-art technologies for vaccine design, development and delivery. Among these modern vaccine technologies are the recombinant viral vectored vaccines, which are known for their incredible specificity in antigen delivery as well as the induction of robust immune responses in the vaccinated hosts. Although a number of viruses have been used as vaccine vectors, genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus (NDV) possesses some useful attributes that make it a preferable candidate for vectoring vaccine antigens. Here, we review the molecular biology of NDV and discuss the reverse genetics approaches used to engineer the virus into an efficient vaccine vector. We then discuss the prospects of the engineered virus as an efficient vehicle of vaccines against cancer and several infectious diseases of man and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria;
| | - Ben P. H. Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, POB 65, NL8200 Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.Y.); (A.I.); (M.H.-B.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+603-89472111
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Ali MZ, Park JE, Shin HJ. Serological Survey of Avian Metapneumovirus Infection in Chickens in Bangladesh. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Bayraktar E, Umar S, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Franzo G, Tucciarone CM, Cecchinato M, Cakan B, Iqbal M, Yilmaz H. First Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) in Turkish Broiler Flocks. Avian Dis 2018; 62:425-430. [PMID: 31119927 DOI: 10.1637/11915-061818-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Viral respiratory diseases, including avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), have a significant economic impact on poultry industries. The frequency and genotype diversity of aMPV in Turkish broiler flocks is not known at present. The aim of this study was to report the first molecular identification and phylogeny of aMPV, which is circulating in Turkish broiler flocks. Trachea tissue samples and tracheal swabs were collected from 110 broiler flocks distributed in different geographical regions in Turkey between March 2017 and March 2018. Detection of aMPV was confirmed with the use of universal reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR, and eight (7.2%) broiler farms were positive for aMPV. Sequence analysis of the G gene revealed the exclusive presence of subtype B viruses. Three field isolates clustered closely with a 2002 Israel isolate, indicating a potential transmission route between these two countries and through the Middle East. The remaining five field isolates were closely related to a vaccine strain, even though broiler flocks in Turkey are not routinely vaccinated against aMPV. Therefore, we speculate these five isolates could have originated from nearby vaccinated turkey farms. Additionally, the presence of some nucleotide substitutions compared to the reference vaccine sequence suggests prolonged circulation and evolution of the original vaccine virus or a vaccine subpopulation was selected under field conditions. This evidence emphasizes the need for further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate aMPV spread and evolution in order to design effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bayraktar
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Section, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Umar
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Turan
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - C M Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - B Cakan
- CEVA Animal Health, Poultry Section, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom
| | - H Yilmaz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Virology, University of Istanbul-Cerrahpas_a, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey,
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A Reverse Genetics Approach for the Design of Methyltransferase-Defective Live Attenuated Avian Metapneumovirus Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27076293 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. aMPV belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae which includes many important human pathogens such as human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3). The family also includes highly lethal emerging pathogens such as Nipah virus and Hendra virus, as well as agriculturally important viruses such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). For many of these viruses, there is no effective vaccine. Here, we describe a reverse genetics approach to develop live attenuated aMPV vaccines by inhibiting the viral mRNA cap methyltransferase. The viral mRNA cap methyltransferase is an excellent target for the attenuation of paramyxoviruses because it plays essential roles in mRNA stability, efficient viral protein translation and innate immunity. We have described in detail the materials and methods used to generate recombinant aMPVs that lack viral mRNA cap methyltransferase activity. We have also provided methods to evaluate the genetic stability, pathogenesis, and immunogenicity of live aMPV vaccine candidates in turkeys.
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Paudel S, Easwaran M, Jang H, Jung HK, Kim JH, Shin HJ. Immunization with avian metapneumovirus harboring chicken Fc induces higher immune responses. Virus Res 2016; 220:129-35. [PMID: 27130629 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the immune responses of avian metapneumovirus harboring chicken Fc molecule. Stable Vero cells expressing chicken Fc chimera on its surface (Vero-cFc) were established, and we confirmed that aMPV grown in Vero-cFc incorporated host derived chimera Fc into the aMPV virions. Immunization of chicken with aMPV-cFc induced higher level of antibodies and inflammatory cytokines; (Interferon (IFN)-γ and Interleukin (IL)-1β) compared to those of aMPV. The increased levels of antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in chicken immunized with aMPV-cFc were statistically significantly (p<0.05) to that of aMPV and control. The aMPV-cFc group also generated the highest neutralizing antibody response. After challenges, chickens immunized with aMPV-cFc showed much less pathological signs in nasal turbinates and trachea so that we could confirm aMPV-cFc induced higher protection than that of aMPV. The greater ability of aMPV harboring chicken Fc to that of aMPV presented it as a possible vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Paudel
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Maheswaran Easwaran
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jang
- Komipharm Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joo-Hun Kim
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Komipharm Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Chavan RD, Kothari ST, Zunjarrao K, Chowdhary AS. Surveillance of acute respiratory infections in Mumbai during 2011-12. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:43-50. [PMID: 25560001 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals aged less than 5 years. ARI often leads to hospitalisation, and it has been indicated that causative viral and bacterial infections go undetermined and results in the occurrence of resistant strains. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various viral and bacterial infections in patients with ARIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred samples were collected from July 2011 to July 2012 with patients suffering from ARI. Viral and bacterial infections were determined by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Influenza-like illness (ILI) consisted of 109 patients and ARI consisted of 91 patients. Pandemic influenza A H1N1 was the major viral infection with 21 (19.2%) patients in ILI as compared with 16 (17.4%) patients in ARI. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found to be 1 (0.9%) in ILI and ARI. Viral co-infections were 16 (14.4%) in ILI and 4 (4.37%) in ARI where pandemic influenza A H1N1 and influenza type B were major contributors. In bacterial infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae with 11 (10.9%) cases were predominant in both the groups. Bacterial co-infection accounted for only 1 (1.09%) case in both the groups but the most significant finding was the viral-bacterial co-infection in which Haemophilus influenzae was the major co-infecting bacteria with the influenza viruses with 4 (4.36%) cases as compared with Streptotoccus pneumoniae. CONCLUSION This data indicate the need to undertake continued surveillance that will help to better define the circulation of respiratory viruses along with the bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Chavan
- Departments of Virology and Immunology , Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Methyltransferase-defective avian metapneumovirus vaccines provide complete protection against challenge with the homologous Colorado strain and the heterologous Minnesota strain. J Virol 2014; 88:12348-63. [PMID: 25122790 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01095-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. Since its discovery in the 1970s, aMPV has been recognized as an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry worldwide. The conserved region VI (CR VI) of the large (L) polymerase proteins of paramyxoviruses catalyzes methyltransferase (MTase) activities that typically methylate viral mRNAs at guanine N-7 (G-N-7) and ribose 2'-O positions. In this study, we generated a panel of recombinant aMPV (raMPV) Colorado strains carrying mutations in the S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) binding site in the CR VI of L protein. These recombinant viruses were specifically defective in ribose 2'-O, but not G-N-7 methylation and were genetically stable and highly attenuated in cell culture and viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) young turkeys. Importantly, turkeys vaccinated with these MTase-defective raMPVs triggered a high level of neutralizing antibody and were completely protected from challenge with homologous aMPV Colorado strain and heterologous aMPV Minnesota strain. Collectively, our results indicate (i) that aMPV lacking 2'-O methylation is highly attenuated in vitro and in vivo and (ii) that inhibition of mRNA cap MTase can serve as a novel target to rationally design live attenuated vaccines for aMPV and perhaps other paramyxoviruses. IMPORTANCE Paramyxoviruses include many economically and agriculturally important viruses such as avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), human pathogens such as human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus type 3, and measles virus, and highly lethal emerging pathogens such as Nipah virus and Hendra virus. For many of them, there is no effective vaccine or antiviral drug. These viruses share common strategies for viral gene expression and replication. During transcription, paramyxoviruses produce capped, methylated, and polyadenylated mRNAs. Using aMPV as a model, we found that viral ribose 2'-O methyltransferase (MTase) is a novel approach to rationally attenuate the virus for vaccine purpose. Recombinant aMPV (raMPV) lacking 2'-O MTase were not only highly attenuated in turkeys but also provided complete protection against the challenge of homologous and heterologous aMPV strains. This novel approach can be applicable to other animal and human paramyxoviruses for rationally designing live attenuated vaccines.
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Bao X, Kolli D, Ren J, Liu T, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Human metapneumovirus glycoprotein G disrupts mitochondrial signaling in airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62568. [PMID: 23626834 PMCID: PMC3633857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently identified RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. It is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children, adults, and immunocompromised patients, for which no specific treatment or vaccine is available. Recent investigations in our lab identified hMPV glycoprotein G as an important virulence factor, as a recombinant virus lacking the G protein (rhMPV-ΔG) exhibited enhanced production of important immune and antiviral mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and type I interferon (IFN) in airway epithelial cells, and expression of G protein alone inhibits cellular signaling dependent on retinoic induced gene (RIG)-I, a RNA helicase with a fundamental role in initiating hMPV-induced cellular responses. In this study, we have further investigated the mechanism underlying the inhibitory role of hMPV G protein on RIG-I-dependent signaling. We found that the interaction of hMPV G with RIG-I occurs primarily through the CARD domains of RIG-I N-terminus, preventing RIG-I association with the adaptor protein MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein), recruitment of RIG-I to mitochondria, as well as the interaction between mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) component of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which contains STINGS, an important part of the viral-induced RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway, leading in the end to the inhibition of cytokine, chemokine and type I IFN expression. Mutagenesis analysis showed that hMPV G protein cytoplasmic domain played a major role in the observed inhibitory activity, and recombinant viruses expressing a G protein with amino acid substitution in position 2 and 3 recapitulated most of the phenotype observed with rhMPV-ΔG mutant upon infection of airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XB); (AC)
| | - Deepthi Kolli
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tianshuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XB); (AC)
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Kohn LK, Queiroga CL, Martini MC, Barata LE, Porto PSS, Souza L, Arns CW. In vitro antiviral activity of Brazilian plants (Maytenus ilicifolia and Aniba rosaeodora) against bovine herpesvirus type 5 and avian metapneumovirus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1269-1275. [PMID: 22873798 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.673627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medicinal plants are well known for their use in traditional folk medicine as treatments for many diseases including infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE Six Brazilian medicinal plant species were subjected to an antiviral screening bioassay to investigate and evaluate their biological activities against five viruses: bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), murine hepatitis virus type 3, porcine parvovirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity was determined by a titration technique that depends on the ability of plant extract dilutions (25 or 2.5 µg/mL) to inhibit the viral induced cytopathic effect and the extracts' inhibition percentage (IP). RESULTS Two medicinal plant species showed potential antiviral activity. The Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (Lauraceae) extract had the best results, with 90% inhibition of viral growth at 2.5 µg/mL when the extract was added during the replication period of the aMPV infection cycle. The Maytenus ilicifolia (Schrad.) Planch. (Celastraceae) extracts at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL exhibited antiviral activity during the attachment phase of BHV-5 (IP = 100%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The biomonitored fractionation of the active extracts from M. ilicifolia and A. rosaeodora could be a potential tool for identifying their active compounds and determining the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Kohn
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas – Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bharaj P, Sullender WM, Kabra SK, Mani K, Cherian J, Tyagi V, Chahar HS, Kaushik S, Dar L, Broor S. Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex PCR among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in Delhi from 2005 to 2007. Virol J 2009; 6:89. [PMID: 19558656 PMCID: PMC2709894 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Information on viral etiology in ALRI from India is limited. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple, sensitive, specific and cost effective multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay without post PCR hybridization or nested PCR steps for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses (PIV1–3) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from children with ALRI ≤ 5 years of age. The sensitivity and specificity of mPCR was compared to virus isolation by centrifugation enhanced culture (CEC) followed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Results From April 2005–March 2007, 301 NPAs were collected from children attending the outpatient department or admitted to the ward of All India Institute of Medical Sciences hospital at New Delhi, India. Multiplex PCR detected respiratory viruses in 106 (35.2%) of 301 samples with 130 viruses of which RSV was detected in 61, PIV3 in 22, PIV2 in 17, hMPV in 11, PIV1 in 10 and influenza A in 9 children. CEC-IIF detected 79 viruses only. The sensitivity of mPCR was 0.1TCID50 for RSV and influenza A and 1TCID50 for hMPV, PIV1, PIV2, PIV3 and Influenza B. Mixed infections were detected in 18.8% of the children with viral infections, none detected by CEC-IIF. Bronchiolitis was significantly associated with both total viral infections and RSV infection (p < 0.05). History of ARI in family predisposed children to acquire viral infection (p > 0.05). Conclusion Multiplex PCR offers a rapid, sensitive and reasonably priced diagnostic method for common respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bharaj
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Deffrasnes C, Cavanagh MH, Goyette N, Cui K, Ge Q, Seth S, Templin MV, Quay SC, Johnson PH, Boivin G. Inhibition of Human Metapneumovirus Replication by Small Interfering RNA. Antivir Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350801300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major respiratory viral pathogen in young children, elderly individuals and immunocompromised patients. Despite its major effects related to bronchiolitis, pneumonia and its potential role in recurrent wheezing episodes, there is still no commercial treatment or vaccine available against this paramyxovirus. Methods We tested a therapeutic strategy for hMPV that was based on RNA interference. Results An hMPV genome-wide search for small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by computational analysis revealed 200 potentially effective 21-mer siRNAs. Initial screening with a luciferase assay identified 57 siRNAs of interest. Further evaluation of their inhibitory potential against the four hMPV subgroups by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and plaque immunoassay identified two highly potent siRNAs with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the subnanomolar range. siRNA45 targets the nucleoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA) and had IC50 values <0.078 nM against representative strains from the four hMPV subgroups, whereas siRNA60, which targets the phosphoprotein mRNA, had IC50 values between 0.090– <0.078 nM against the same panel of hMPV strains. Longer 25/27-mer siRNAs known as Dicer substrates designed from the top two siRNA candidates were also evaluated and were at least as effective as their corresponding 21-mer siRNAs. Interestingly, the presence of one or two nucleotide mismatches in the target mRNA sequence of some hMPV subgroups did not always affect hMPV inhibition in vitro. Conclusions We successfully identified two highly efficient siRNAs against hMPV targeting essential components of the hMPV replication complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deffrasnes
- Infectious Disease Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Cavanagh
- Infectious Disease Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Goyette
- Infectious Disease Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Qing Ge
- MDRNA Inc., Bothell, WA, USA
- Somagenics Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul H Johnson
- MDRNA Inc., Bothell, WA, USA
- PhaseRx Pharmaceuticals, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guy Boivin
- Infectious Disease Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Association between high nasopharyngeal viral load and disease severity in children with human metapneumovirus infection. J Clin Virol 2008; 42:286-90. [PMID: 18479963 PMCID: PMC7173119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that viral genotype and viral load may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of viral infections. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate these aspects of hMPV infections in children and their household contacts. Study design Between 1 November 2003 and 31 March 2004, we prospectively studied 2060 children attending our Emergency Department for acute reasons. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected upon enrolment and then tested with real-time PCR assays for the major viral causes of respiratory illness. Results Sixty children (2.9%) were infected by hMPV: 24 (1.2%) by hMPV A, 14 (0.7%) by hMPV B, 11 (0.5%) by untyped hMPV, and 11 (0.5%) by hMPV and an additional respiratory virus. There were no differences in disease presentation or in clinical or socioeconomic impact in relation to viral genotypes. HMPV viral load was significantly higher in children with lower respiratory tract involvement (p < 0.05), hospitalised children (p < 0.05), and the prevalence of secondary cases of a similar disease in the household of index cases (p < 0.05). Conclusion A high hMPV viral load correlated with disease presentation, whereas the overall clinical and socioeconomic burden caused by the two hMPV genotypes was similar.
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