Mihăilă RG. Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Engineered T-Cells - A New Way and Era for Lymphoma Treatment.
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019;
14:312-323. [PMID:
31642414 DOI:
10.2174/1574892814666191022164641]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Patients with refractory or relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have a poor prognosis with the current standard of care.
OBJECTIVE
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) are functionally reprogrammed lymphocytes, which are able to recognize and kill tumor cells. The aim of this study is to make progress in this area.
METHODS
A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in Web of Science and PubMed in the last year and the new patents were made in this field.
RESULTS
The responses to CAR T-cell products axicabtagene ciloleucel and tisagenlecleucel are promising; the objective response rate can reach up to 83%, and the complete response rate ranges between 40 and 58%. About half of the patients may have serious side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Current and future developments include the improvement of CAR T-cell expansion and polyfunctionality, the combined use of CAR T-cells with a fusion protein between interferon and an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, with checkpoint inhibitors or small molecule sensitizers that have apoptotic-regulatory effects. Furthermore, the use of IL-12-expressing CAR T-cells, an improved technology for the production of CAR T-cells based on targeted nucleases, the widespread use of allogeneic CAR T-cells or universal CAR T-cells obtained from genetically engineered healthy donor T-cells are future developments actively considered.
CONCLUSION
CAR T-cell therapy significantly improved the outcome of patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The advances in CAR T-cells production technology will improve the results and enable the expansion of this new immunotherapy.
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