1
|
Ma RX, Wei JR, Hu YW. Characteristics of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Relationship to Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:939-948. [PMID: 38490257 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM), such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the oncofetal glycoprotein family, are tumor markers. The CEACAMs consist of 12 different human CEACAMs and 5 different murine CEACAMs. The CEACAM family of proteins participates in multiple biological processes that include the immune response, angiogenesis, and cancer. CEACAMs play a significant role in cancer initiation and development. Increasing evidence suggests that family members may be new cancer biomarkers and targets in that CEACEAMs tend to be aberrantly expressed and therefore may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic importance. This review systematically summarizes the biogenesis, biological properties, and functions of CEACAMs, with a focus on their relationship with cancer and potential clinical application. As our knowledge of the relationships among CEACAMs and cancer increases, and as our understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms improves, new therapeutic strategies will evolve for cancer prevention and treatment of patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xue Ma
- Department of Cardiac Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Rui Wei
- Department of Cardiac Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Masheghati F, Asgharzadeh MR, Jafari A, Masoudi N, Maleki-Kakelar H. The role of gut microbiota and probiotics in preventing, treating, and boosting the immune system in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2024; 344:122529. [PMID: 38490297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a significant role in developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiome usually acts as a protective barrier against harmful pathogens and infections in the intestine, while also regulating inflammation by affecting the human immune system. The gut microbiota and probiotics play a role not only in intestinal inflammation associated with tumor formation but also in regulating anti-cancer immune response. As a result, they associated with tumor progression and the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Research indicates that gut microbiota and probiotics can be used as biomarkers to predict the impact of immunotherapy and enhance its efficacy in treating CRC by regulating it. This review examines the importance of gut microbiota and probiotics in the development and progression of CRC, as well as their synergistic impact on anti-cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Masheghati
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naser Masoudi
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Maleki-Kakelar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Michl J, White B, Monterisi S, Bodmer WF, Swietach P. Phenotypic screen of sixty-eight colorectal cancer cell lines identifies CEACAM6 and CEACAM5 as markers of acid resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319055121. [PMID: 38502695 PMCID: PMC10990159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319055121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated cancer metabolism releases lactic acid and CO2 into the under-perfused tumor microenvironment, resulting in extracellular acidosis. The surviving cancer cells must adapt to this selection pressure; thus, targeting tumor acidosis is a rational therapeutic strategy to manage tumor growth. However, none of the major approved treatments are based explicitly on disrupting acid handling, signaling, or adaptations, possibly because the distinction between acid-sensitive and acid-resistant phenotypes is not clear. Here, we report pH-related phenotypes of sixty-eight colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines by measuring i) extracellular acidification as a readout of acid production by fermentative metabolism and ii) growth of cell biomass over a range of extracellular pH (pHe) levels as a measure of the acid sensitivity of proliferation. Based on these measurements, CRC cell lines were grouped along two dimensions as "acid-sensitive"/"acid-resistant" versus "low metabolic acid production"/"high metabolic acid production." Strikingly, acid resistance was associated with the expression of CEACAM6 and CEACAM5 genes coding for two related cell-adhesion molecules, and among pH-regulating genes, of CA12. CEACAM5/6 protein levels were strongly induced by acidity, with a further induction under hypoxia in a subset of CRC lines. Lack of CEACAM6 (but not of CEACAM5) reduced cell growth and their ability to differentiate. Finally, CEACAM6 levels were strongly increased in human colorectal cancers from stage II and III patients, compared to matched samples from adjacent normal tissues. Thus, CEACAM6 is a marker of acid-resistant clones in colorectal cancer and a potential motif for targeting therapies to acidic regions within the tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Michl
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Bobby White
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Monterisi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Walter F. Bodmer
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cardenas KCA, Enos CW, Spear MR, Austin DE, Almofeez R, Kortchak S, Pincus L, Guo HB, Dolezal S, Pierce JM, Furth E, Gineste C, Kwon Y, Gelber C. CT109-SN-38, a Novel Antibody-drug Conjugate with Dual Specificity for CEACAM5 and 6, Elicits Potent Killing of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:720-732. [PMID: 38178674 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096260614231115192343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)- linked members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family, which are frequently upregulated in epithelial cancers where they contribute to invasion, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anoikis. CT109 is a novel antibody with dual specificity to both CEACAM5 and 6. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to perform the preclinical characterization of CT109 and antibody- drug conjugate (ADCs) derivatives of CT109, focusing on CT109-SN-38. METHODS CT109's cognate epitope was characterized by scanning mutagenesis. CT109 specificity and internalization kinetics were assessed by immunoblot and flow cytometry, respectively. Cognate antigen expression prevalence in colorectal cancer and normal tissue arrays was determined by immunohistochemistry. CT109 conjugations were generated by the reaction of reduced CT109 cysteines with maleimide-functionalized payload linkers. In vitro cytotoxic activity of CT109 ADCs was characterized on antigen-positive and negative pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell (PDAC) lines using a luminometric viability assay. In vivo efficacy of CT109-SN-38 was assessed on a PDAC tumor xenograft model at 10 and 25 mg/kg concentrations. RESULTS CT109 was shown to bind a glycoepitope centered on N309. CT109 is internalized in the CEACAM5+/CEACAM6+ double-positive PDAC line, BxPC-3, with a t1/2 of 2.3 hours. CT109 ADCs elicit a dose and antigen-dependent cytotoxic effect, with CT109-SN-38 exhibiting an IC50 value of 21 nM in BxPC-3 cells. In a BxPC-3 tumor xenograft model, CT109-SN-38 reduced tumor growth and induced regression in 3/10 mice at a concentration 25 mg/kg. CONCLUSION These data suggest that further preclinical and clinical development of CT109-SN-38 is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark R Spear
- Stromatis Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Dana E Austin
- Stromatis Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Raghad Almofeez
- Stromatis Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | | | - Lauren Pincus
- Stromatis Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Hua-Bei Guo
- University of Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), USA
| | - Samuel Dolezal
- University of Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), USA
| | - J Michael Pierce
- University of Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), USA
| | - Emma Furth
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Yongjun Kwon
- Institute: Food and Drug Administration, CDER, MD, USA
| | - Cohava Gelber
- Stromatis Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Furuhashi S, Bustos MA, Mizuno S, Ryu S, Naeini Y, Bilchik AJ, Hoon DSB. Spatial profiling of cancer-associated fibroblasts of sporadic early onset colon cancer microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:118. [PMID: 37964075 PMCID: PMC10645739 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sporadic early-onset colon cancer (EOCC) has increased worldwide. The molecular mechanisms in the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in EOCC are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to unravel unique spatial transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in tumor epithelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, we divide the sporadic colon cancer tissue samples with transcriptomic data into patients diagnosed with EOCC (<50 yrs) and late-onset colon cancer (LOCC, ≥50 yrs) and then, analyze the data using CIBERSORTx deconvolution software. EOCC tumors are more enriched in CAFs with fibroblast associated protein positive expression (FAP(+)) than LOCC tumors. EOCC patients with higher FAP mRNA levels in CAFs have shorter OS (Log-rank test, p < 0.029). Spatial transcriptomic analysis of 112 areas of interest, using NanoString GeoMx digital spatial profiling, demonstrate that FAP(+) CAFs at the EOCC tumor invasive margin show a significant upregulation of WNT signaling and higher mRNA/protein levels of fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20). Tumor epithelial cells at tumor invasive margin of EOCC tumors neighboring FAP(+) CAFs show significantly higher mRNA/protein levels of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) and PI3K/Akt signaling activation. NichNET analysis show a potential interaction between FGF20 and FGFFR2. The role of FGF20 in activating FGFR2/pFGFR2 and AKT/pAKT was validated in-vitro. In conclusion, we identify a unique FAP(+) CAF population that showed WNT signaling upregulation and increased FGF20 levels; while neighbor tumor cells show the upregulation/activation of FGFR2-PI3K/Akt signaling at the tumor invasive margin of EOCC tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Furuhashi
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute (SJCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Matias A Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute (SJCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Shodai Mizuno
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute (SJCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Suyeon Ryu
- Department of Genome Sequencing Center, SJCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Yalda Naeini
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Anton J Bilchik
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John's Cancer Institute (SJCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center (SJHC), Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
- Department of Genome Sequencing Center, SJCI, Providence SJHC, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Y, Zhong G, He C, Li M. Targeted splicing therapy: new strategies for colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222932. [PMID: 37664052 PMCID: PMC10470845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is the process of forming mature mRNA, which is an essential phase necessary for gene expression and controls many aspects of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Abnormal gene-splicing events are closely related to the development of tumors, and the generation of oncogenic isoform in splicing can promote tumor progression. As a main process of tumor-specific splicing variants, alternative splicing (AS) can promote tumor progression by increasing the production of oncogenic splicing isoforms and/or reducing the production of normal splicing isoforms. This is the focus of current research on the regulation of aberrant tumor splicing. So far, AS has been found to be associated with various aspects of tumor biology, including cell proliferation and invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and sensitivity to different chemotherapeutic drugs. This article will review the abnormal splicing events in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially the tumor-associated splicing variants arising from AS, aiming to offer an insight into CRC-targeted splicing therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengcheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang ZC, Zhao HF, Sun Z, Li Y, Zhong ML, Wang BH, Jiang XZ. Tripartite motif-containing 9 promoted proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells through CEACAM6-Smad2/3 axis. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00766-7. [PMID: 37249822 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and play essential roles in cancer biology. In the present study, we validated a contribution of TRIM9 to bladder cancer progression. 296 patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 22 clinical specimens were included, in which accumulated TRIM9 correlated with the poor prognosis and higher relapse in bladder patients. In vitro, TRIM9 promoted bladder cancer cells Biu-87 and T24 cell proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, overexpression of TRIM9 reduced the chemosensitivity in Biu-87 and T24 to mitomycin C (MMC) and gemcitabine (GEM). As an underlying mechanism, we found that TRIM9 stimulated carcinoembryonic antigen 6 (CEACAM6) upregulation, which further facilitated Smad2/3-matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Those results indicated that TRIM9 facilitated bladder cancer development and chemoresistance by CEACAM6-Smad2/3 axis. TRIM9 and its associated molecules could be a potential diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Cun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhuang Sun
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Lei Zhong
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Hai Wang
- Department of Urology, Liangshan People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xian-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Kim KB, Huang Y, Kim DW, Kim B, Ko KP, Zou G, Zhang J, Jun S, Kirk NA, Hwang YE, Ban YH, Chan JM, Rudin CM, Park KS, Park JI. CRACD loss promotes small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis via EZH2-mediated immune evasion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528365. [PMID: 36824957 PMCID: PMC9949038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the role of CRACD tumor suppressor in SCLC. We found that CRACD is frequently inactivated in SCLC, and Cracd knockout (KO) significantly accelerates SCLC development driven by loss of Rb1, Trp53, and Rbl2. Notably, the Cracd-deficient SCLC tumors display CD8+ T cell depletion and suppression of antigen presentation pathway. Mechanistically, CRACD loss silences the MHC-I pathway through EZH2. EZH2 blockade is sufficient to restore the MHC-I pathway and inhibit CRACD loss-associated SCLC tumorigenesis. Unsupervised single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies SCLC patient tumors with concomitant inactivation of CRACD, impairment of tumor antigen presentation, and downregulation of EZH2 target genes. Our findings define CRACD loss as a new molecular signature associated with immune evasion of SCLC cells and proposed EZH2 blockade as a viable option for CRACD-negative SCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyung-Pil Ko
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gengyi Zou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicole A. Kirk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ye Eun Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Young Ho Ban
- Hamatovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joseph M. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M. Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
CEACAMS 1, 5, and 6 in disease and cancer: interactions with pathogens. Genes Cancer 2023; 14:12-29. [PMID: 36741860 PMCID: PMC9891707 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The CEA family comprises 18 genes and 11 pseudogenes located at chromosome 19q13.2 and is divided into two main groups: cell surface anchored CEA-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) and the secreted pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs). CEACAMs are highly glycosylated cell surface anchored, intracellular, and intercellular signaling molecules with diverse functions, from cell differentiation and transformation to modulating immune responses associated with infection, inflammation, and cancer. In this review, we explore current knowledge surrounding CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6, highlight their pathological significance in the areas of cancer biology, immunology, and inflammatory disease, and describe the utility of murine models in exploring questions related to these proteins.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yokoyama K, Mitoma H, Kawano S, Yamauchi Y, Wang Q, Ayano M, Kimoto Y, Ono N, Arinobu Y, Akashi K, Horiuchi T, Niiro H. CEACAM 1, 3, 5 and 6 -positive classical monocytes correlate with interstitial lung disease in early systemic sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016914. [PMID: 36341379 PMCID: PMC9632165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multiple-organ disease characterized by vascular damage, autoimmunity, and tissue fibrosis. Organ injuries such as interstitial lung diseases (ILD), resulting from inflammatory and fibrosis processes, lead to poor prognosis. Although autoantibodies are detected in the serum of patients with SSc, the mechanisms by which immune cells are involved in tissue inflammation and fibrosis is not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)-positive monocytes are involved in murine bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We investigated CEACAM-positive monocytes in patients with SSc to clarify the role of monocytes in the pathogenesis of SSc. Methods The proportion of of CEACAM-positive classical monocytes in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and SSc was evaluated using flow cytometry. The correlation between the proportion of CEACAM-positive monocytes and clinical parameters was analyzed in patients with SSc. Gene expression microarrays were performed in CEACAM-positive and negative monocytes in patients with SSc. Infiltration of CEACAM-positive monocytes into scleroderma skin was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results The proportion of CEACAM-positive classical monocytes was increased in patients with early SSc within 2 years after diagnosis, which positively correlated with ESR, serum IgG, and serum KL-6 and negatively correlated with %forced vital capacity. The percentage of CEACAM-positive monocytes decreased after immunosuppressive therapy. CEACAM6-positive cells among classical monocytes were significantly increased in patients with SSc compared with HCs and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. SSc serum induced CEACAM6 expression on monocytes from HCs. Functionally, CEACAM-positive monocytes produced higher levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared to CEACAM-negative cells and showed activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, CEACAM6-positive monocytes infiltrated the dermis of SSc. Conclusions CEACAM-positive monocytes showed inflammatory phenotypes and may be involved in the tissue inflammation and fibrosis in early SSc. CEACAM-positive monocytes may be one of biomarkers to detect patients with progressive ILD, requiring therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yokoyama
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitoma
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroki Mitoma,
| | - Shotaro Kawano
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Qiaolei Wang
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ayano
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ono
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamali Dolatabadi R, Fazeli H, Emami MH, Karbasizade V, Maghool F, Fahim A, Rahimi H. Phenotypicand Genotypic Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Intracellular Adherent–Invasive Escherichia coli Among Different Stages, Family History, and Treated Colorectal Cancer Patients in Iran. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938477. [PMID: 35899040 PMCID: PMC9309365 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that microbial dysbiosis impacts the health and cancer risk of the host. An association between adherent–invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been revealed. Cyclomodulins (CMs) have been receiving increasing attention for carcinogenic changes. In this study, the incidence and features of intracellular AIEC and cyclomodulin-encoding genes were investigated and the phylogenetic grouping and genetic relatedness were evaluated. E. coli strains were isolated from the colorectal biopsies. Adhesion and invasion assays and intramacrophage cell survival test were performed to separate the AIEC isolates. Virulence genotyping for the genes htrA, dsbA, chuA, and lpfA and the cyclomodulin toxins was also conducted. In addition, phylogenetic grouping of the isolates was determined. Subsequently, repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting was performed. A total of 24 AIEC pathovars were isolated from 150 patients. The prevalence rates of htr, dsbA, and lpfA were 70.83% and that of chuA was 91.66%. The frequencies of the cyclomodulin toxins were as follows: cnf1, 29.2%; cnf2, 25%; colibactin, 29.2%; and cdt, 4.2%; cif was not found. Among the AIEC isolates, 4.2%, 4.2%, 54.2%, 29.2%, and 8.3% with phylotypes A or C, B1, B2, D, and E were identified, respectively. Left-sided colon carcinoma and adenocarcinoma T≥1 stage (CRC2) were colonized by B2 phylogroup AIEC-producing CMs more often than the samples from the other groups. Close genetic relatedness was observed in AIEC isolates with rep-PCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razie Kamali Dolatabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hossein Fazeli,
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emami
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Karbasizade
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Maghool
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahim
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Rahimi
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burgos M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Galán-Moya EM, Pandiella A, Amir E, Ocaña A. Prognostic value of the immune target CEACAM6 in cancer: a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359211072621. [PMID: 35082925 PMCID: PMC8785271 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211072621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of membrane proteins differentially expressed on tumor cells is a key step in drug development. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a cell adhesion protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Here, we explore the prognostic role CEACAM6 expression on patient outcome in cancer. METHODS A systematic search for studies evaluating the association between tumor expression of CEACAM6 and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was performed. Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse variance and random effect modeling. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on tumor type and method of HR extraction. RESULTS Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. CEACAM6 expression was associated with worse OS [HR = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.51-2.53], and DFS (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 2.01-3.07) with subgroup analysis showing no significant differences between disease site subgroups. CONCLUSIONS High expression of CEACAM6 is associated with worse OS and DFS in different malignancies. CEACAM6 is a target for the future development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgos
- Translational Research Unit, Translational Oncology Laboratory, Albacete University Hospital, Albacete, SpainCentro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Castilla-La Mancha University (CRIB-UCLM), Albacete, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, SpainRehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES), Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Care Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Eva María Galán-Moya
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Castilla-La Mancha University (CRIB-UCLM), Albacete, SpainFaculty of Nursing, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Salamanca, SpainInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, SpainCIBERONC, Salamanca, SpainConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eitan Amir
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 610 University Avue, 700U, 7-721, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, SpainCentro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Castilla-La Mancha University (CRIB-UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pinkert J, Boehm HH, Trautwein M, Doecke WD, Wessel F, Ge Y, Gutierrez EM, Carretero R, Freiberg C, Gritzan U, Luetke-Eversloh M, Golfier S, Von Ahsen O, Volpin V, Sorrentino A, Rathinasamy A, Xydia M, Lohmayer R, Sax J, Nur-Menevse A, Hussein A, Stamova S, Beckmann G, Glueck JM, Schoenfeld D, Weiske J, Zopf D, Offringa R, Kreft B, Beckhove P, Willuda J. T cell-mediated elimination of cancer cells by blocking CEACAM6–CEACAM1 interaction. Oncoimmunology 2021; 11:2008110. [PMID: 35141051 PMCID: PMC8820806 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2008110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6), a cell surface receptor, is expressed on normal epithelial tissue and highly expressed in cancers of high unmet medical need, such as non-small cell lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer. CEACAM receptors undergo homo- and heterophilic interactions thereby regulating normal tissue homeostasis and angiogenesis, and in cancer, tumor invasion and metastasis. CEACAM6 expression on malignant plasma cells inhibits antitumor activity of T cells, and we hypothesize a similar function on epithelial cancer cells. The interactions between CEACAM6 and its suggested partner CEACAM1 on T cells were studied. A humanized CEACAM6-blocking antibody, BAY 1834942, was developed and characterized for its immunomodulating effects in co-culture experiments with T cells and solid cancer cells and in comparison to antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3). The immunosuppressive activity of CEACAM6 was mediated by binding to CEACAM1 expressed by activated tumor-specific T cells. BAY 1834942 increased cytokine secretion by T cells and T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells. The in vitro efficacy of BAY 1834942 correlated with the degree of CEACAM6 expression on cancer cells, suggesting potential in guiding patient selection. BAY 1834942 was equally or more efficacious compared to blockade of PD-L1, and at least an additive efficacy was observed in combination with anti-PD-1 or anti-TIM-3 antibodies, suggesting an efficacy independent of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. In summary, CEACAM6 blockade by BAY 1834942 reactivates the antitumor response of T cells. This warrants clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pinkert
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Boehm
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Wessel
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yingzi Ge
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Gutierrez
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rafael Carretero
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Gritzan
- Pharmaceutical Division, Bayer AG, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sven Golfier
- Pharmaceutical Division, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Valentina Volpin
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Sorrentino
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anchana Rathinasamy
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Xydia
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Lohmayer
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Sax
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayse Nur-Menevse
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abir Hussein
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Slava Stamova
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joerg Weiske
- Pharmaceutical Division, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Zopf
- Pharmaceutical Division, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Beckhove
- Joint Immunotherapeutics Laboratory of the DKFZ-Bayer Innovation Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Interventional Immunology, RCI Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Regensburg, Germany
- Hematology and Oncology Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gisina A, Novikova S, Kim Y, Sidorov D, Bykasov S, Volchenko N, Kaprin A, Zgoda V, Yarygin K, Lupatov A. CEACAM5 overexpression is a reliable characteristic of CD133-positive colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:85-98. [PMID: 34092615 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 (prominin-1) is the most commonly used molecular marker of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) that maintain tumor progression and recurrence in colorectal cancer. However, the proteome of CSCs directly isolated from colorectal tumors based on CD133 expression has never been investigated. OBJECTIVE To reveal biomarkers of CD133-positive colorectal CSCs. METHODS Thirty colorectal tumor samples were collected from patients undergoing bowel resection. CD133-positive and CD133-negative cells were isolated by FACS. Comparative proteomic profiling was performed by LC-MS/MS analysis combined with label-free quantification. Verification of differentially expressed proteins was performed by flow cytometry or ELISA. CD133-knockout Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis identified 29 proteins with at least 2.5-fold higher expression in CD133-positive cells versus CD133-negative cells. Flow cytometry confirmed CEACAM5 overexpression in CD133-positive cells in all clinical samples analyzed. S100A8, S100A9, and DEFA1 were differentially expressed in only a proportion of the samples. CD133 knockout in the colon cancer cell lines Caco-2 and HT-29 did not affect the median level of CEACAM5 expression, but led to higher variance of the percentage of CEACAM5-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS High CEACAM5 expression in colorectal cancer cells is firmly associated with the CD133-positive colorectal CSC phenotype, but it is unlikely that CD133 directly regulates CEACAM5 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gisina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Novikova
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yan Kim
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sidorov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Bykasov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Volchenko
- Department of Oncomorphology, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Zgoda
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Yarygin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lupatov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kurlinkus B, Ger M, Kaupinis A, Jasiunas E, Valius M, Sileikis A. CEACAM6's Role as a Chemoresistance and Prognostic Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer: A Comparison of CEACAM6's Diagnostic and Prognostic Capabilities with Those of CA19-9 and CEA. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060542. [PMID: 34207784 PMCID: PMC8226832 DOI: 10.3390/life11060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates from pancreatic cancer have remained stagnant for decades due to the heterogenic nature of the disease. This study aimed to find a new advanced biomarker and evaluate its clinical capabilities, thus enabling more individualised pancreatic cancer management. Between 2013 and 2020, 267 patients were included in the study. Surgically collected pancreatic tissue samples were analysed via high-definition mass spectrometry. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) was discovered as a possible promising pancreatic cancer biomarker. The predominance of CEACAM6 to pancreatic cancer was validated using antibodies in tissue samples. CEACAM6, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) blood serum concentrations were evaluated for clinical evaluation and comparison. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Poorer overall survival was significantly dependent on increased CEACAM6 blood serum concentrations (17.0 vs. 12.6 months, p = 0.017) in pancreatic cancer patients after radical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy. Increased CEA and CA19-9 concentrations showed no significant dependencies with survival. Thus, CEACAM6 is a promising new biomarker with significant prognostic value and prediction of chemoresistance properties, enabling the improvement of individualised approaches to patients with pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benediktas Kurlinkus
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-67437295
| | - Marija Ger
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Eugenijus Jasiunas
- Centre of Informatics and Development, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.G.); (A.K.); (M.V.)
| | - Audrius Sileikis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Novel Color-Coded Liver Metastasis Mouse Model to Distinguish Tumor and Adjacent Liver Segment. J Surg Res 2021; 264:327-333. [PMID: 33848831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to distinguish between a tumor and its liver segment with traditional use of indocyanine green (ICG) alone. In the present study, a method was used to limit ICG to the liver segment adjacent to a tumor. A spectrally-distinct fluorescently-labeled tumor-specific antibody against human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell-adhesion molecules was used to label the metastatic tumor in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model to enable color-coded visualization and distinction of a colon-cancer liver metastases and its adjacent liver segment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nude mice received surgical orthotopic implantation in the liver of colon-cancer liver metastases derived from two patients. An anti- carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell-adhesion molecules monoclonal antibody (mAb 6G5j) was conjugated to a near-infrared dye IR700DX (6G5j-IR700DX). After three weeks, mice received 6G5j-IR700DX via tail-vein injection 48 hours before surgery. ICG was intravenously injected after ligation of the left or left lateral Glissonean pedicle resulting in labeling of the segment with preserved blood-flow in the liver. Imaging was performed with the Pearl Trilogy and FLARE Imaging Systems. RESULTS The metastatic liver tumor had a clear fluorescence signal due to selective tumor targeting by 6G5j-IR700DX, which was imaged on the 700 nm channel. The adjacent liver segment, with preserved blood-flow in the liver, had a clear fluorescence ICG 800 nm signal, while the left or left lateral segment had no fluorescence signal. Overlay of the images showed clear color-coded differentiation between the tumor fluorescing at 700 nm and the adjacent liver segment fluorescing at 800 nm. CONCLUSIONS Color-coding of a liver tumor and uninvolved liver segment has the potential for improved liver resection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yamazaki M, Kato A, Oki E, Zaitsu Y, Kato C, Nakano K, Nakamura M, Sakomura T, Kawai S, Fujii E, Sawada N, Watanabe T, Saeki H, Suzuki M. Continuous formation of small clusters with LGR5-positive cells contributes to tumor growth in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. J Transl Med 2021; 101:12-25. [PMID: 32728120 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
New cancer characteristics can be discovered by focusing on the process of tumor formation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key subpopulation, as they are theorized to be at the apex of the tumor hierarchy. We can better understand their function in the tumor hierarchy by using sectioned samples to observe the growth of tumors from their origins as CSCs. In this study, we evaluated the growth of moderate differentiated colorectal cancer from LGR5-positive cells, which is a CSC marker of colorectal cancer, using xenograft and three-dimensional culture models spatiotemporally. These cells express LGR5 at high levels and show CSC phenotypes. To detect them, we used a previously generated antibody that specifically targets LGR5, and were therefore able to observe LGR5-positive cells aggregating into small clusters (sCLs) over the course of tumor growth. Because these LGR5-expressing sCLs formed continuously during growth mainly in the invasive front, we concluded that the structure must contribute significantly to the expansion of CSCs and to tumor growth overall. We confirmed the formation of sCLs from gland structures using a three-dimensional culture model. In addition, sCLs exhibited upregulated genes related to stress response and partial/hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as genes reported to be prognosis factors. Finally, sCLs with high LGR5 expression were identified in clinical samples. Based on these results, we elucidate how sCLs are an important contributors to tumor growth and the expansion of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamazaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Zaitsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chie Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakomura
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kawai
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sawada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arora A, Niño JLG, Myaing MZ, Chia S, Arasi B, Ravasio A, Huang RYJ, Dasgupta R, Biro M, Viasnoff V. Two high-yield complementary methods to sort cell populations by their 2D or 3D migration speed. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2779-2790. [PMID: 33085550 PMCID: PMC7851856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-07-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to migrate is one of the most fundamental functions for various epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Image analysis of motile cell populations, both primary and cultured, typically reveals an intercellular variability in migration speeds. However, cell migration chromatography, the sorting of large populations of cells based on their migratory characteristics, cannot be easily performed. The lack of such methods has hindered our understanding of the direct correlation between the capacity to migrate and other cellular properties. Here, we report two novel, easily implementable and readily scalable methods to sort millions of live migratory cancer and immune cells based on their spontaneous migration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional microenvironments, respectively. Correlative downstream transcriptomic, molecular and functional tests reveal marked differences between the fast and slow subpopulations in patient-derived cancer cells. We further employ our method to reveal that sorting the most migratory cytotoxic T lymphocytes yields a pool of cells with enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. This phenotypic assay opens new avenues for the precise characterization of the mechanisms underlying hither to unexplained heterogeneities in migratory phenotypes within a cell population, and for the targeted enrichment of the most potent migratory leukocytes in immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arora
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Jorge Luis Galeano Niño
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Myint Zu Myaing
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Shumei Chia
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore/A*STAR, Singapore 138632
| | - Bakya Arasi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599
| | - Ramanuj Dasgupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore/A*STAR, Singapore 138632
| | - Maté Biro
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore/A*STAR, Singapore 138632
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gene Expression Changes Accompanying the Duodenal Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00053. [PMID: 31211760 PMCID: PMC6613862 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duodenal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) arises from adenomas. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the duodenal adenoma-carcinoma pathway have been identified in murine FAP models, but similar data in patients with FAP are limited. Identifying such changes may have significance in understanding duodenal polyposis therapies and identifying cancer biomarkers. We performed a genome-wide transcriptional analysis to describe the duodenal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and determine changes distinguishing patients with FAP with and without duodenal cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tian C, Zhang B, Ge C. Effect of CEACAM6 silencing on the biological behavior of human gallbladder cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2677-2688. [PMID: 32782584 PMCID: PMC7400980 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is abnormally expressed in various malignant tumors and thus represents a potential biomarker, although information regarding its role in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CEACAM6 in GBC and the effect of CEACAM6 gene silencing on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human GBC cells. Immunochemistry was used to evaluate CEACAM6 expression in 95 GBC specimens and 40 peritumoral tissue specimens. GBC-SD and SGC-996 cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. CEACAM6 was knocked down by transfection of targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA), and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect knockdown efficiency. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were undertaken to evaluate cell proliferation. Variations in cell migration and invasion were detected by wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Flow cytometry was applied to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. CEACAM6 gene expression was significantly greater in GBC tissues than in peritumoral tissues, and its positive expression was associated with poor prognosis. CEACAM6 mRNA and protein expression in the CEACAM6 siRNA treatment group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group and the blank group. CEACAM6 knockdown inhibited GBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion but promoted cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis of invasion- and apoptosis-related proteins matrix metalloproteinase-2, Vimentin, BCL-2 and BAX further confirmed CEACAM6 mRNA depletion promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited invasion. Additionally, CEACAM6 mRNA depletion affected the progression of the GBC cell cycle to increase cell distribution in G0/G1 phase, and to reduce it in G2/M phase and S phase. These findings indicated that CEACAM6 overexpression may be related to the tumorigenesis and development of GBC. In summary, depletion of CEACAM6 mRNA suppressed the malignant biological behaviors of human gallbladder cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Tian
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Bingye Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Ge
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The old CEACAMs find their new role in tumor immunotherapy. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1888-1898. [PMID: 32488569 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) contain 12 family members(CEACAM1、CEACAM3、CEACAM4、CEACAM5、CEACAM6、CEACAM7、CEACAM8、CEACAM16、CEACAM18、CEACAM19、CEACAM20 and CEACAM21)and are expressed diversely in different normal and tumor tissues. CEA (CEACAM5) has been used as a tumor biomarker since 1965. Here we review the latest research and development of the structures, expression, and function of CEACAMs in normal and tumor tissues, and their application in the tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We focus on recent clinical studies of CEA targeted cancer immunotherapies, including bispecific antibody (BsAb) for radio-immuno-therapy and imaging, bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T). We summarize the promising clinical relevance and challenges of these approaches and give perspective view for future research. This review has important implications in understanding the diversified biology of CEACAMs in normal and tumor tissues, and their new role in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun X, Chen D, Jin Z, Chen T, Lin A, Jin H, Zhu Y, Lai M. Genome-wide methylation and expression profiling identify methylation-associated genes in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2019; 12:19-36. [PMID: 31833403 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify methylation-associated genes in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials & methods: Genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were determined and further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas data and Chinese CRC patients, respectively. Gene overexpression and knockdown cells were constructed to investigate their biological roles in CRC. Results: After validations, hypermethylation of eight genes were found to be correlated with their reduced transcription, and hypomethyaltion of three genes were associated with their upregulation. CADM3, CNRIP1, GRHL2, GRIA4, GSTM2 and NRXN1 were associated with the overall survival of CRC patients. CNRIP1 and GSTM2 were mainly responsible for the proliferation in CRC cells. Conclusion: A total of 11 genes may be promising biomarkers for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tianhui Chen
- Group of Molecular Epidemiology & Cancer Precision Prevention, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, PR China
| | - Aifen Lin
- Human Tissue Bank/Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, PR China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Provincial Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, PR China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pandey R, Zhou M, Islam S, Chen B, Barker NK, Langlais P, Srivastava A, Luo M, Cooke LS, Weterings E, Mahadevan D. Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA): An integrative analysis of a novel therapeutic target. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18347. [PMID: 31797958 PMCID: PMC6893022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated biomarker CEACAM6, a highly abundant cell surface adhesion receptor that modulates the extracellular matrix (ECM) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) RNA-Seq data from PDA patients were analyzed for CEACAM6 expression and evaluated for overall survival, association, enrichment and correlations. A CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout (KO) of CEACAM6 in PDA cell line for quantitative proteomics, mitochondrial bioenergetics and tumor growth in mice were conducted. We found CEACAM6 is over-expressed in primary and metastatic basal and classical PDA subtypes. Highest levels are in classical activated stroma subtype. CEACAM6 over-expression is universally a poor prognostic marker in KRAS mutant and wild type PDA. High CEACAM6 expression is associated with low cytolytic T-cell activity in both basal and classical PDA subtypes and correlates with low levels of T-REG markers. In HPAF-II cells knockout of CEACAM6 alters ECM-cell adhesion, catabolism, immune environment, transmembrane transport and autophagy. CEACAM6 loss increases mitochondrial basal and maximal respiratory capacity. HPAF-II CEACAM6−/− cells are growth suppressed by >65% vs. wild type in mice bearing tumors. CEACAM6, a key regulator affects several hallmarks of PDA including the fibrotic reaction, immune regulation, energy metabolism and is a novel therapeutic target in PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Pandey
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| | - Muhan Zhou
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Shariful Islam
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Baowei Chen
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Paul Langlais
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Anup Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Moulun Luo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Laurence S Cooke
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Eric Weterings
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA. .,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kong L, Wu Q, Zhao L, Ye J, Li N, Yang H. Identification of messenger and long noncoding RNAs associated with gallbladder cancer via gene expression profile analysis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19377-19387. [PMID: 31498480 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) involved in the progression of gallbladder cancer and explore the potential physiopathologic mechanisms of gallbladder cancer in terms of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). The original lncRNA and mRNA expression profile data (nine gallbladder cancer tissues samples and nine normal gallbladder samples) in GSE76633 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs between gallbladder cancer tissue and normal control were selected and the pathways in which they are involved were analyzed using bioinformatics analyses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were also predicted based on the differentially expressed mRNAs. Finally, the co-expression relation between lncRNA and mRNA was analyzed and the ceRNA network was constructed by combining the lncRNA-miRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and lncRNA-mRNA pairs. Overall, 373 significantly differentially expressed mRNAs and 47 lncRNAs were identified between cancer and normal tissue samples. The upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway, while the downregulated genes were involved in the complement and coagulation cascades. Altogether, 128 co-expression relations between lncRNA and mRNA were obtained. In addition, 196 miRNA-mRNA regulatory relations and 145 miRNA-lncRNA relation pairs were predicted. Finally, the lncRNA-miRNA-gene ceRNA network was constructed by combining the three types of relation pairs, such as XLOC_011309-miR-548c-3p-SPOCK1 and XLOC_012588-miR-765-CEACAM6. mRNAs and lncRNAs may be involved in gallbladder cancer progression via ECM-receptor interaction pathways and the complement and coagulation cascades. Moreover, ceRNAs such as XLOC_011309-miR-548c-3p-SPOCK1 and XLOC_012588-miR-765-CEACAM6 can also be implicated in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangchao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nengping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elekonawo FMK, Lütje S, Franssen GM, Bos DL, Goldenberg DM, Boerman OC, Rijpkema M. A pretargeted multimodal approach for image-guided resection in a xenograft model of colorectal cancer. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:86. [PMID: 31485790 PMCID: PMC6726731 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Image-guided surgery may improve surgical outcome for colorectal cancer patients. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of a pretargeting strategy for multimodal imaging in colorectal cancer using an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) x anti-histamine-succinyl-glycine (HSG) bispecific antibody (TF2) in conjunction with the dual-labeled diHSG peptide (RDC018), using both a fluorophore for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and a chelator for radiolabeling. Methods Nude mice with subcutaneous (s.c) CEA-expressing LS174T human colonic tumors and CEA-negative control tumors were injected with TF2. After 16 h, different doses of 111In-labeled IMP-288 (non-fluorescent) or its fluorescent derivative RDC018 were administered to compare biodistributions. MicroSPECT/CT and near-infrared fluorescence imaging were performed 2 and 24 h after injection. Next, the biodistribution of the dual-labeled humanized anti-CEA IgG antibody [111In]In-DTPA-hMN-14-IRDye800CW (direct targeting) was compared with the biodistribution of 111In-RDC018 in mice with TF2-pretargeted tumors, using fluorescence imaging and gamma counting. Lastly, mice with intraperitoneal LS174T tumors underwent near-infrared fluorescence image-guided resection combined with pre- and post-resection microSPECT/CT imaging. Results 111In-RDC018 showed specific tumor targeting in pretargeted CEA-positive tumors (21.9 ± 4.5 and 10.0 ± 4.7% injected activity per gram (mean ± SD %IA/g), at 2 and 24 hours post-injection (p.i.), respectively) and a biodistribution similar to 111In-IMP288. Both fluorescence and microSPECT/CT images confirmed preferential tumor accumulation. At post mortem dissection, intraperitoneal tumors were successfully identified and removed using pretargeting with TF2 and 111In-RDC018. Conclusion A pretargeted approach for multimodal image-guided resection of colorectal cancer in a preclinical xenograft model is feasible, enables preoperative SPECT/CT, and might facilitate intraoperative fluorescence imaging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-019-0551-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fortuné M K Elekonawo
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Susanne Lütje
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Desirée L Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M Goldenberg
- Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Morris Plains, NJ, USA
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Therapeutic Effect of pHLIP-mediated CEACAM6 Gene Silencing in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11607. [PMID: 31474761 PMCID: PMC6717735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) plays an important role in lung cancer progression. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of CEACAM6 gene silencing using an siRNA delivery platform targeting the acidic tumour microenvironment in a lung adenocarcinoma xenograft mouse model. An siRNA delivery vector was constructed by tethering the peptide nucleic acid form of an siRNA targeting CEACAM6 (siCEACAM6) to a peptide with a low pH-induced transmembrane structure (pHLIP) to transport siRNAs across the plasma membrane. Specific binding of the pHLIP-siCEACAM6 conjugate to A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells at low pH was demonstrated by flow cytometry. A549 cells incubated with pHLIP-siCEACAM6 at an acidic pH showed downregulated expression of endogenous CEACAM6 protein and reduced cell viability. The in vivo tumour-suppressing effects of pHLIP-siCEACAM6 in lung adenocarcinoma were assessed in a xenograft model generated by injecting BALB/c nude mice with A549 cells. pHLIP-siCEACAM6 treatment alone resulted in tumour growth inhibition of up to 35.5%. When combined with cisplatin treatment, pHLIP-siCEACAM6 markedly enhanced tumour growth inhibition by up to 47%. In conclusion, the delivery of siCEACAM6 to lung adenocarcinoma using the pHLIP peptide has therapeutic potential as a unique cancer treatment approach.
Collapse
|
27
|
Poola I, Yue Q, Gillespie JW, Sullivan PS, Aguilar-Jakthong J, Rao J, Shaaban AM, Sauter ER, Ricci AJ. Breast Hyperplasias, Risk Signature, and Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:471-480. [PMID: 31239263 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We address the dilemma faced by oncologists in administering preventative measures to "at risk" patients diagnosed with atypical and nonatypical hyperplasias due to lack of any molecular means of risk stratification and identifying high-risk subjects. Our study purpose is to investigate a four marker risk signature, MMP-1, CEACAM6, HYAL1, and HEC1, using 440 hyperplastic tissues for identifying high-risk subjects who will benefit from preventative therapies. We assayed the markers by IHC and combined their expression levels to obtain a composite value from 0-10, which we called a "Cancer Risk Score." We demonstrate that the four marker-based risk scores predict subsequent cancer development with an accuracy of 91% and 86% for atypical and nonatypical subjects, respectively. We have established a correlation between risk scores and cancer rates by stratifying the samples into low risk (score ≤ 0.5); intermediate risk (score ≤ 5.4), and high risk (score >5.4) groups using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We have evaluated cancer rates at 5, 10, and 15 years. Our results show that the average cancer rates in the first 5 years among low- and intermediate-risk groups were 2% and 15%, respectively. Among high-risk group, the average cancer rates at 5 years were 73% and 34% for atypical and nonatypical subjects, respectively. The molecular risk stratification described here assesses a patient's tumor biology-based risk level as low, intermediate, or high and for making informed treatment decisions. The outcomes of our study in conjunction with the available prophylactic measures could prevent approximately 20%-25% of sporadic breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingqi Yue
- Silbiotech, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Peggy S Sullivan
- Pathology Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Josephine Aguilar-Jakthong
- Pathology Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - JianYu Rao
- Pathology Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Edward R Sauter
- Department of Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Andrew J Ricci
- Department of Pathology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aydin B, Arga KY. Co-expression Network Analysis Elucidated a Core Module in Association With Prognosis of Non-functioning Non-invasive Human Pituitary Adenoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:361. [PMID: 31244774 PMCID: PMC6563679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are tumors with clinically challenging features since they have insidious progression. A complex network of gene interactions is thought to have roles in tumor formation and progression. Therefore, revealing the genetic network behind NFPA tumorigenesis is not only essential to attain further knowledge of tumor biology, but also plays a fundamental role in the development of efficacious treatment strategies. Differential co-expression network analysis is an outstanding approach for elucidation of groups of genes which show distinct co-expression patterns among phenotypes. In this study, we carried out a differential co-expression network analysis of NFPA-associated transcriptome dataset (n = 40) considering invasive (n = 22) and non-invasive (n = 18) phenotypes. Furthermore, we identified differentially co-expressed and co-regulated mRNA modules, which might be considered as potential systems biomarkers for NFPA prognosis and invasiveness. As a result, we have identified a novel 13-gene module, including CEACAM6, CYP4B1, EIF2S2, HID1, IFFO1, MYO18A, PDCD2, SGIP1, SWSAP1, and four unknown genes (A_24_P127621, A_24_P255786, A_24_P683553, and A_24_P916979), which was able to categorize the patients into two groups as invasive and non-invasive NFPA with distinct prognosis. The prognostic core module genes were associated with progression and prognosis of brain and glandular based cancers as well. Furthermore, these module genes were also expressed in blood, salivary gland, and spinal cord tissues. These results may provide the evidence on featured gene module which might play a prominent role in NFPA prognosis and sub-typing as effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu M, Wen Y, Liu Y, Tan X, Chen X, Zhu X, Wei C, Chen L, Wang Z, Liu J. Hollow mesoporous ruthenium nanoparticles conjugated bispecific antibody for targeted anti-colorectal cancer response of combination therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9661-9678. [PMID: 31065660 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Combined treatment based on tumor-targeted nanoparticles has become one of the most promising anticancer strategies. Moreover, bispecific antibodies have been designed as linkers to promote the interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and tumor cells, while triggering NK cell-mediated target cell lysis. Here, we adopted a novel design that uses PEGylated hollow mesoporous ruthenium nanoparticles as a carrier to load the fluorescent anti-tumor complex ([Ru(bpy)2(tip)]2+, RBT) and a conjugate with bispecific antibodies (SS-Fc). By accurately targeting carcinoembryonic antigen overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells, HMRu@RBT-SS-Fc significantly improved selective penetration in vitro. The functionalized nanocomplex effectively engaged NK cells and possessed excellent near infrared-sensitive cytotoxicity. Systematic in vivo studies clearly demonstrated the high tumor targeting and anticancer activity in heterotopic colorectal tumor model via combined photothermal and immune therapy. This nanosystem establishes a new platform for future image-guided drug delivery and highly efficient cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ahadi A, Safavi MS. miR-335-5p has an important role in the progression of gastric cancer by down-regulation of CEACAM5. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
31
|
Steiner N, Hajek R, Nachbaur D, Borjan B, Sevcikova S, Göbel G, Gunsilius E. Levels of CEACAM6 in Peripheral Blood Are Elevated in Patients with Plasma Cell Disorders: A Potential New Diagnostic Marker and a New Therapeutic Target? DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:1806034. [PMID: 30809317 PMCID: PMC6369456 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1806034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of multiple myeloma is still unfavorable due to inherent characteristics of the disease and the often-delayed diagnosis due to widespread and unspecific symptoms such as back pain and fatigue. Therefore, a simple diagnostic blood test would be helpful to speed up the diagnostic procedure in such patients (pts.). Here, we evaluated the diagnostic value of plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of pts. with plasma cell disorders and in healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunoreactive CEACAM6 was determined in the peripheral blood and bone marrow (n = 95/100) of pts. with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS: 28/37), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM: 42/40), and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM: 25/23) by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Median CEACAM6 levels in the peripheral blood of pts. with plasma cell disorders were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (healthy controls: 15.2 pg/ml (12.1-17.1); MGUS: 19.0 pg/ml (16.4-22.5); NDMM: 18.0 pg/ml (13.4-21.2); and RRMM: 18.9 pg/ml (15.2-21.5); p < 0.001). Plasma levels of CEACAM6 discriminated healthy subjects from MGUS/NDMM pts. (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.6-0.8); i.e., a CEACAM6 level > 17.3 pg/ml has an 82% (95% CI: 70-90) predictive probability for the identification of MGUS or NDMM. Moreover, CEACAM6 levels in the bone marrow were significantly higher in RRMM pts. than in NDMM pts. (p = 0.04), suggesting a role of this molecule in disease progression. CONCLUSION CEACAM6 plasma levels can noninvasively identify pts. with a plasma cell disorder and should be evaluated prospectively as a potential diagnostic marker. Moreover, due to high CEACAM6 levels in the bone marrow in RRMM pts., this adhesion molecule might be a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma pts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Steiner
- Laboratory for Tumor Biology & Angiogenesis, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Medical Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Hajek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - D. Nachbaur
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Medical Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B. Borjan
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Medical Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - G. Göbel
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E. Gunsilius
- Laboratory for Tumor Biology & Angiogenesis, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Medical Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee H, Jang Y, Park S, Jang H, Park EJ, Kim HJ, Kim H. Development and evaluation of a CEACAM6-targeting theranostic nanomedicine for photoacoustic-based diagnosis and chemotherapy of metastatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:4247-4261. [PMID: 30128051 PMCID: PMC6096393 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. A number of chemotherapeutic and early diagnosis strategies, including nanomedicine, have been developed to target metastatic tumor cells. However, simultaneous inhibition and imaging of metastasis is yet to be fully achieved. Methods: To overcome this limitation, we have developed human serum albumin-based nanoparticles (tHSA-NPs) with photoacoustic imaging capability, which target carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6). CEACAM6 is highly expressed in metastatic anoikis-resistant tumor cells. Results:In vitro, the CEACAM6-targeting tHSA-NPs efficiently targeted CEACAM6-overexpressing metastatic anoikis-resistant tumor cells. In vivo, CEACAM6-targeting tHSA-NPs administered intravenously to BALB/c nude mice efficiently inhibited lung metastasis in circulating anoikis-resistant tumor cells compared to the controls. In addition, anoikis-resistant tumor cells can be successfully detected by photoacoustic imaging, both in vitro and in vivo, using the intrinsic indocyanine green-binding affinity of albumin. Conclusion: In summary, the CEACAM6-targeting albumin-based nanoparticles allowed the delivery of drugs and photoacoustic imaging to metastatic anoikis-resistant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Based on the expression of CEACAM6 in a variety of tumors, CEACAM6-targeting nanomedicine might be used to target various types of metastatic tumor cells.
Collapse
|
33
|
Villéger R, Lopès A, Veziant J, Gagnière J, Barnich N, Billard E, Boucher D, Bonnet M. Microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection and/or prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2327-2347. [PMID: 29904241 PMCID: PMC6000297 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i22.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbial-based test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, and the potential use of microbial variation markers for non-invasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Amélie Lopès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Research Biologics, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France
| | - Julie Veziant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Johan Gagnière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Delphine Boucher
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Z, Luo C, Wang H, Yan X, Liu W, Meng Z. CEACAM6 is associated with osteosarcoma metastasis and facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in osteosarcoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3159-3166. [PMID: 29881289 PMCID: PMC5983009 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a member of CEACAM family and has been reported to be upregulated in various types of human cancer and involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the biological roles and clinical significances of CEACAM6 in osteosarcoma still remain to be elucidated. Materials and methods Real-timePCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to determine CEACAM6 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines and clinical specimens. Then the clinical relevance of CEACAM6 was analyzed in osteosarcoma. The function of CEACAM6 in osteosarcoma was examined by wound-healing and cell invasion assays, and expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Results In the present study, we found that CEACAM6 was markedly upregulated in metastatic osteosarcoma tissues when compared with the nonmetastatic osteosarcoma tissues. Upregulation of CEACAM6 was significantly associated with lung metastasis status (P=0.006) in patients with osteosarcoma. Survival analyses suggested that osteosarcoma patients with high CEACAM6 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival time and lung metastasis-free survival time than those with low CEACAM6 expression. Knockdown of CEACAM6 inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Moreover, silencing CEACAM6 suppressed osteosarcoma cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conclusion Taken together, this study suggests that CEACAM6 might be a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Dali 650000, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Dali 650000, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huidan Wang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Dali 650000, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yan
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Dali 650000, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Dali 650000, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengdong Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Dali 650000, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rizeq B, Zakaria Z, Ouhtit A. Towards understanding the mechanisms of actions of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 in cancer progression. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:33-42. [PMID: 29110374 PMCID: PMC5765285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the prototypic member of a family of highly related cell surface glycoproteins that includes carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) and others. CEACAM6 (formerly NCA), which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is a cell adhesion protein of the CEA family. It is normally expressed on the epithelial surfaces and on the surface of myeloid cells (CD66c). CEACAM6 is a multi‐functional glycoprotein that mediates homotypic binding with other CEA family members and heterotypic binding with integrin receptors. It functions by organizing tissue architecture and regulating different signal transduction, while aberrant expression leads to the development of human malignancies. It was first discovered in proliferating cells of adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in comparison to benign colonic tissue when overexpressed on the surface of various cell types in model systems. CEACAM6 functions as a pan‐inhibitor of cell differentiation and cell polarization, and it also causes distortion of tissue architecture. Moreover, overexpression of CEACAM6 modulates cancer progression through aberrant cell differentiation, anti‐apoptosis, cell growth and resistance to therapeutic agents. In addition, CEACAM6 overexpression in multiple malignancies promotes cell invasion and metastasis, thereby representing an acquired advantage of tumor cells directly responsible for an invasive phenotype. This review focuses on the findings supporting the mechanisms of actions linking the oncogenic potential of CEACAM6 to the onset of cancer progression and pathogenesis, especially in breast cancer, and to validating CEACAM6 as a target to pave the way towards the design of efficient therapeutic strategies against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Rizeq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Zakaria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rodia MT, Ugolini G, Mattei G, Montroni I, Zattoni D, Ghignone F, Veronese G, Marisi G, Lauriola M, Strippoli P, Solmi R. Systematic large-scale meta-analysis identifies a panel of two mRNAs as blood biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30295-306. [PMID: 26993598 PMCID: PMC5058681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. A significant survival rate is achieved if it is detected at an early stage. A whole blood screening test, without any attempt to isolate blood fractions, could be an important tool to improve early detection of colorectal cancer. We searched for candidate markers with a novel approach based on the Transcriptome Mapper (TRAM), aimed at identifying specific RNAs with the highest differential expression ratio between colorectal cancer tissue and normal blood samples. This tool permits a large-scale systematic meta-analysis of all available data obtained by microarray experiments. The targeting of RNA took into consideration that tumour phenotypic variation is associated with changes in the mRNA levels of genes regulating or affecting this variation. A real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT- PCR) was applied to the validation of candidate markers in the blood of 67 patients and 67 healthy controls. The expression of genes: TSPAN8, LGALS4, COL1A2 and CEACAM6 resulted as being statistically different. In particular ROC curves attested for TSPAN8 an AUC of 0.751 with a sensitivity of 83.6% and a specificity of 58.2% at a cut off of 10.85, while the panel of the two best genes showed an AUC of 0.861 and a sensitivity of 92.5% with a specificity of 67.2%. Our preliminary study on a total of 134 subjects showed promising results for a blood screening test to be validated in a larger cohort with the staging stratification and in patients with other gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rodia
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ugolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mattei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Montroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Zattoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Ghignone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Veronese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCSS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Strippoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research "Giorgio Prodi" (CIRC), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Solmi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre of Molecular Genetics, "CARISBO Foundation", Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zang M, Hu L, Cao S, Fan Z, Pang L, Li J, Su L, Li C, Liu W, Gu Q, Zhu Z, Yan M, Liu B. Dual role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 expression in predicting the overall survival of gastric cancer patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10773. [PMID: 28883649 PMCID: PMC5589957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked immunoglobulin superfamily that is implicated in many human cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CEACAM6 expression in predicting the overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer (GC). The impact of CEACAM6 on the survival of patients with GC (n = 876) was assessed using an online Kaplan-Meier plotter. Findings were validated using the OS data of patients (n = 160) recruited from Ruijin Hospital. We found that high CEACAM6 expression was associated with a better OS in early-stage or well-differentiated GC, or who were treated without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Conversely, high CEACAM6 expression was associated with a poor OS in advanced-stage GC, poorly differentiated tumors, or who were treated with 5-FU. Furthermore, CEACAM6 may serve as a better marker for predicting OS in GC than CEA. In addition, CEACAM6 overexpression in GC cells increased apoptotic resistance to 5-FU. Moreover, CEACAM6 induced cluster of differentiation 4- and 8-positive lymphocytes were detected in early-stage GC. In conclusion, CEACAM6 plays a contradictory role in predicting the OS in GC. In early-stage GC, high CEACAM6 expression is associated with improved OS. However, in advanced-stage GC, high CEACAM6 expression is associated with a poor OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingde Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinlong Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yamaguchi S, Yokoyama S, Ueno M, Hayami S, Mitani Y, Takeuchi A, Shively JE, Yamaue H. CEACAM1 is associated with recurrence after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis. J Surg Res 2017; 220:353-362. [PMID: 29180203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is re-expressed at the invasion front of colorectal cancer. CEACAM1 expression at metastatic sites remains to be investigated. The current study aims to clarify the association between CEACAM1 expression and recurrence after hepatectomy of colorectal liver metastasis and to address whether CEACAM1 induces tumor-initiating properties needed for growth at metastatic sites. METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses for CEACAM1 were performed in 67 patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer who had undergone curative hepatectomy. The risk factors for postoperative recurrence were calculated based on a CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain isoform at the primary tumor invasion front. To investigate the effects of CEACAM1 cytoplasmic isoforms on HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, Western blotting for CD44 and CD133, flow cytometry for ALDH1 activity, and soft-agar colony formation assay were performed. RESULTS CEACAM1 long (CEACAM1-L) and short (CEACAM1-S) cytoplasmic domain isoforms are strongly expressed on cancer cells in the liver metastases. Enhanced CEACAM1-S expression in the state of CEACAM1-L dominance at the primary tumor invasion front was an independent factor for colorectal cancer recurrence after curative hepatectomy. CEACAM1-4S-transfected HT29 and HCT116 cells had significantly higher CD44 expression and ALDH1 activity and increased the growth in anchorage-independent condition. CONCLUSIONS High expression of CEACAM1-S at the primary lesion invasion front is associated with recurrence and prognosis of patients with colorectal liver metastasis after curative hepatectomy. The expression of CEACAM1-4S enhances the tumor-initiating property of colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamaguchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shozo Yokoyama
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mitani
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - John E Shively
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ru GQ, Han Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Wang HJ, Xu WJ, Ma J, Ye M, Chen X, He XL, Győrffy B, Zhao ZS, Huang D. CEACAM6 is a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83673-83683. [PMID: 29137373 PMCID: PMC5663545 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prognostic power of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in gastric cancer (GC) and its potential role in cancer development and progression. Data mining results show that CEACAM6 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and is correlated with lymph node metastasis. Subsequently, immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine CEACAM6 protein levels in paraffin gastric tumor specimens. Real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect CEACAM6 mRNA levels in fresh GC samples. CEACAM6 protein and mRNA levels were significantly up regulated in GC compared with paired normal mucosa. The IHC staining intensity of CEACAM6 was positively correlated with tumor size, Lauren's classification, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stage. CEACAM6 expression was inversely correlated with the five-year survival rate of GC patients. Cox multivariate analysis results demonstrated that the overall survival was independently correlated with CEACAM6 expression. A significant association was observed between CEACAM6 and distant metastases. Network analysis of downstream gene signatures revealed several hub genes such as SRC and DNM1L etc. which may mediating tumor promoting functions of CEACAM6. Further data mining discovered that Tamoxifen etc. could be therapeutic alternatives for gastric patients with CEACAM6 overexpression. Collectively, CEACAM6 overexpression is a common characteristic of GC and is associated with poor 5 year survival rate in GC. Besides, potential molecular mechanisms and treatment options were also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Ru
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yong Han
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hui-Ju Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Meihua Ye
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- VIP Medical Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiang-Lei He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Momentum Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Second Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zhong-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
The Roles of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Liver Metastasis and Therapeutic Approaches. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:7521987. [PMID: 28588612 PMCID: PMC5447280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7521987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a highly complicated and sequential process in which primary cancer spreads to secondary organic sites. Liver is a well-known metastatic organ from colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed in most gastrointestinal, breast, and lung cancer cells. Overexpression of CEA is closely associated with liver metastasis, which is the main cause of death from colorectal cancer. CEA is widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker in cancer patients. It affects many steps of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer cells. CEA inhibits circulating cancer cell death. CEA also binds to heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding protein M4 (hnRNP M4), a Kupffer cell receptor protein, and activates Kupffer cells to secrete various cytokines that change the microenvironments for the survival of colorectal cancer cells in the liver. CEA also activates cell adhesion-related molecules. The close correlation between CEA and cancer has spurred the exploration of many CEA-targeted approaches as anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the detailed functions and mechanisms of CEA in liver metastasis will provide great opportunities for the improvement of anticancer approaches against colorectal cancers. In this report, the roles of CEA in liver metastasis and CEA-targeting anticancer modalities are reviewed.
Collapse
|
41
|
Jin C, Duan X, Liu Y, Zhu J, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Xia T, Fei Y, Ye J. T cell immunity induced by a bivalent Salmonella-based CEACAM6 and 4-1BBL vaccines in a rat colorectal cancer model. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3753-3759. [PMID: 28521477 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-tumor mechanisms of recombinant non-specific cross-reacting antigen (CEACAM6) and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) Salmonella-based vaccines, and the effect that these vaccinations have on memory T cells and T helper (Th) cell polarization. Colon tumors were induced in rats via 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) injections. Rats were then treated with injections of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium carrying pIRES-CEACAM6, pIRES-4-1BBL or pIRES-CEACAM6-4-1BBL. In total, 4 vaccine injections, one every other week, were administered during the 8 weeks subsequent to the DMH injection. Rats were sacrificed 18 weeks subsequent to the DMH injections, and the colons and spleens were collected for further analysis. Cluster of differentiation (CD) 45RO, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17 expression was analyzed in colon tumor tissues, and the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor box P3 (FOXP3+), IL-4 and IL-17 were analyzed in splenic tissues. Compared with the pIRES/SL3261 group, the pIRES-CEACAM6-4-1BBL/SL3261 treatment group had a significantly higher number of CD45RO+ expressing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and lower expression levels of IL-4 and IL-17. Splenic tissues from the same treatment group exhibited significantly increased expression of IFN-γ, CD3+ and CD8+ and reduced expression levels of Foxp3, IL-4 and IL-7. CD56+ T cell expression was increased in all groups except for the group that received no vaccine. The present study concluded that the combined CEACAM6 and 4-1BBL-attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccine was able to inhibit the growth of DMH-induced colorectal tumors. This was mediated by generating an anti-tumor immune response, increasing the number of of CD45RO+ memory T cells, decreasing the number of FOXP3+ cells and promoting Th1 polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Oreopoulos J, Gray-Owen SD, Yip CM. High Density or Urban Sprawl: What Works Best in Biology? ACS NANO 2017; 11:1131-1135. [PMID: 28112892 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With new approaches in imaging-from new tools or reagents to processing algorithms-come unique opportunities and challenges to our understanding of biological processes, structures, and dynamics. Although innovations in super-resolution imaging are affording novel perspectives into how molecules structurally associate and localize in response to, or in order to initiate, specific signaling events in the cell, questions arise as to how to interpret these observations in the context of biological function. Just as each neighborhood in a city has its own unique vibe, culture, and indeed density, recent work has shown that membrane receptor behavior and action is governed by their localization and association state. There is tremendous potential in developing strategies for tracking how the populations of these molecular neighborhoods change dynamically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Oreopoulos
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Scott D Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang F, Zhang X, Meng J, Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Mei Q, Zhang T. ING5 inhibits cancer aggressiveness via preventing EMT and is a potential prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16239-52. [PMID: 25938545 PMCID: PMC4599267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins of the Inhibitor of Growth (ING) candidate tumor suppressor family are involved in multiple cellular functions such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and chromatin remodeling. ING5 is the new member of the family whose actual role in tumor suppression is not known. Here we show that ING5 overexpression in lung cancer A549 cells inhibited cell proliferation and invasiveness, while ING5 knockdown in lung cancer H1299 cells promoted cell aggressiveness. ING5 overexpression also abrogated tumor growth and invasive abilities of lung cancer cells in mouse xenograft models. Further study showed that ING5 overexpression inhibited EMT indicated by increase of E-cadherin and decrease of N-cadherin, Snail and slug at mRNA and protein levels, which was accompanied with morphological changes. cDNA microarray and subsequent qRT-PCR validation revealed that ING5 significantly downregulated expression of EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition)-inducing genes including CEACAM6, BMP2 and CDH11. Clinical study by tissue microarray showed that nuclear ING5 negatively correlated with clinical stages and lymph node metastasis of lung cancer. Furthermore, high level of nuclear ING5 was associated with a better prognosis. Taken together, these findings uncover an important role for ING5 as a potent tumor suppressor in lung cancer growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Meng
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacy, No. 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- National Engineering Center for Biochip, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu Y, Xia T, Jin C, Gu D, Yu J, Shi W, Zhang KE, Zhang L, Ye J, Li L. FOXP3 and CEACAM6 expression and T cell infiltration in the occurrence and development of colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3693-3701. [PMID: 27284373 PMCID: PMC4888014 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is involved in immune cell regulation, and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. These two genes are associated with cancer progression. In the current study, colon tissue specimens from 78 cases of colon cancer (including 40 of stage I-II and 38 of stage III-IV), 30 cases of colonic adenoma and 12 healthy controls were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2010 and December 2011. The expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CEACAM6 and FOXP3 in colon tissues was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, based on SYBR Green I, was used to detect CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CEACAM6 and FOXP3 mRNA levels in the paraffin block specimens. CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cell infiltrations in colonic adenoma were significantly higher than in normal colonic mucosa (P<0.001, P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). However, CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes in stage III-IV colon cancer tissues were lower than in normal control tissues (P=0.015, P=0.002 and P=0.041, respectively); consistently, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ lymphocytes in stage III-IV tissues were even more markedly lower compared with adenoma (P=0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Similarly, CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cell infiltration was lower in stage I-II cancer tissues compared with adenoma (P=0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.001). CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ T cell infiltrations were also significantly higher in stage I-II compared with stage III-IV cancer tissues (P<0.001, P=0.045, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). CEACAM6 was found to gradually increase from normal colon tissue to adenoma and cancer tissue. FOXP3 was expressed more highly in stage I-II compared with normal tissues (P=0.014), and was even higher in stage III-IV (P<0.001). These results were verified using RT-qPCR, which yielded almost identical results. In summary, the current study demonstrates that FOXP3, CEACAM6 and T cell infiltration are significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of colon cancer, and that immune reactions vary between different stages of colon cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Weiqiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - K E Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rose JB, Correa-Gallego C, Li Y, Nelson J, Alseidi A, Helton WS, Allen PJ, D’Angelica MI, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Kingham TP, Kowdley KV, Jarnagin WR, Rocha FG. The Role of Biliary Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cellular Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6) as a Biomarker in Cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150195. [PMID: 26974538 PMCID: PMC4790932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study is to determine if CEACAM6 can be detected in the bile of patients with biliary cancer and can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. Summary Background Data Distinguishing bile duct carcinoma from other diagnoses is often difficult using endoscopic or percutaneous techniques. The cell surface protein CEACAM6 is over-expressed in many gastrointestinal cancers and may be selectively elevated in biliary adenocarcinoma. Methods Bile from patients with benign biliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma (hilar, intrahepatic and distal) was collected at the time of index operation. The concentration of CEACAM6 was quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and correlated to pathologic diagnosis. Diagnostic capability of CEACAM6 was evaluated by Wilcoxon rank-sum, linear regression, multiple regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Bile from 83 patients was analyzed: 42 with benign disease and 41 with cholangiocarcinoma. Patients in the benign cohort were younger, predominantly female, and had lower median biliary CEACAM6 levels than patients in the malignant cohort (7.5 ng/ml vs. 40 ng/ml; p = <.001). ROC curve analysis determined CEACAM6 to be a positive predictor cholangiocarcinoma with a CEACAM6 level >14 ng/ml associated with 87.5% sensitivity, 69.1% specificity, and a likelihood ratio of 2.8 (AUC 0.74). Multiple regression analysis suggested elevated alkaline phosphatase and the presence of biliary endoprostheses may influence CEACAM6 levels. Conclusion Biliary CEACAM6 can identify patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with a high degree of sensitivity and should be investigated further as a potential screening tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Bart Rose
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Camilo Correa-Gallego
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu Li
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James Nelson
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Adnan Alseidi
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - W. Scott Helton
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Allen
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael I. D’Angelica
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald P. DeMatteo
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - T. Peter Kingham
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kris V. Kowdley
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William R. Jarnagin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Flavio G. Rocha
- Section of General, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
QI CHONG, HONG LIANG, CHENG ZHIJIAN, YIN QINGZHANG. Identification of metastasis-associated genes in colorectal cancer using metaDE and survival analysis. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:568-574. [PMID: 26870249 PMCID: PMC4726934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect the candidate genes involved in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gene expression profiles of primary and metastatic CRC samples in the GSE14297 and GSE49355 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequent to processing, Fishers exact test and the metaDE package in R language were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary and metastatic CRC samples. In addition, function and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using online tools in the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery resource and common DEGs in GSE14297 and GSE49355 were identified. Their expression values in another dataset, GSE29621, were then collected in order to screen the genes with high standard deviations between primary and metastatic samples, which were considered as candidate metastasis-associated genes. Candidate genes were finally verified by performing survival analysis via the log-rank test. A total of 370 DEGs were screened in GSE14297 and GSE49355, and 77 common DEGs were identified. Upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune, energy metabolism and drug metabolism-associated functions. Downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in cell adhesion-associated functions. A total of 12 genes, including the carbonic anhydrase II (CA2), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 7 (CEACAM7), Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G binding protein (FCGBP), and placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8), were the candidate metastasis-associated genes, among which FCGBP expression significantly decreased the overall survival time of patients. The selected candidate metastasis-associated gene, FCGBP, may be used as a potential therapeutic target in patients with metastatic CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CHONG QI
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - LIANG HONG
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - ZHIJIAN CHENG
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - QINGZHANG YIN
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin SE, Barrette AM, Chapin C, Gonzales LW, Gonzalez RF, Dobbs LG, Ballard PL. Expression of human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 and alveolar progenitor cells in normal and injured lungs of transgenic mice. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12657. [PMID: 26702074 PMCID: PMC4760449 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is expressed in the epithelium of various primate tissues, including lung airway and alveoli. In human lung, CEACAM6 is developmentally and hormonally regulated, protects surfactant function, has anti-apoptotic activity and is dysregulated in cancers. We hypothesized that alveolar CEACAM6 expression increases in lung injury and promotes cell proliferation during repair. Studies were performed in CEABAC transgenic mice-containing human CEACAM genes. The level of CEACAM6 in adult CEABAC lung was comparable to that in human infants; expression occurred in epithelium of airways and of some alveoli but rarely co-localized with markers of type I or type II cells. Ten days after bleomycin instillation, both the number of CEACAM6(+) cells and immunostaining intensity were elevated in injured lung areas, and there was increased co-localization with type I and II cell markers. To specifically address type II cells, we crossed CEABAC mice with animals expressing EGFP driven by the SP-C promoter. After bleomycin injury, partially flattened, elongated epithelial cells were observed that expressed type I cell markers and were primarily either EGFP(+) or CEACAM6(+). In cell cycle studies, mitosis was greater in CEACAM6(+) non-type II cells versus CEACAM6(+)/EGFP(+) cells. CEACAM6 epithelial expression was also increased after hyperoxic exposure and LPS instillation, suggesting a generalized response to acute lung injuries. We conclude that CEACAM6 expression is comparable in human lung and the CEABAC mouse. CEACAM6 in this model appears to be a marker of a progenitor cell population that contributes to alveolar epithelial cell replenishment after lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-E Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne Marie Barrette
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cheryl Chapin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Linda W Gonzales
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert F Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Leland G Dobbs
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Philip L Ballard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Holmer R, Wätzig GH, Tiwari S, Rose-John S, Kalthoff H. Interleukin-6 trans-signaling increases the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 5 and 6 in colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:975. [PMID: 26673628 PMCID: PMC4682226 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five most frequent causes for cancer-related deaths in Europe. One of the most important tumor-associated antigens for CRC is carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), which is involved in cell adhesion, migration, anoikis, tumor invasion and metastasis. Its family member CEACAM6 is also upregulated in adenomas and carcinomas of the colon and an independent predictor of poor survival. Previous studies have reported a link between upregulation of CEACAM5 and interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 plays an important role in CRC progression, and signaling is mediated via two pathways (classic and trans-signaling). However, this link could not be confirmed by other studies, and the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in the CEACAM5 upregulation has not been elucidated. Moreover, the impact of IL-6 on the expression of CEACAM6 has not yet been examined. Methods The expression of IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), glycoprotein (gp) 130, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry or qPCR. Colon cell lines were incubated with IL-6 or Hyper-IL-6 (mediating IL-6 trans-signaling), and subsequently, the expression of CEACAMs was determined by qPCR or Western blot. FLLL31, an inhibitor of the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), was used to determine the role of STAT3 phosphorylation. Results We confirmed that colon carcinoma cell lines express IL-6 and IL-6R. We observed only a weak upregulation of CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 by classic IL-6 signaling, but a strong increase by IL-6 trans-signaling. This upregulation depended on the phosphorylation of STAT3. Conclusions Our data show the upregulation of the tumor-associated antigens CEACAM5/6 by trans-signaling of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. This mechanism may contribute to the tumor-promoting role of IL-6 and could therefore be a target for therapeutic intervention in particular by specific inhibitors such as sgp130Fc. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1950-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhild Holmer
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu M, Wu HC. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5499-5506. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i34.5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 6 (CEACAM6) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is overexpressed in 70% of solid tumors, and strikingly correlates with prognosis in gastrointestinal tumors. CEACAM6 participates in the development of tumors mainly by promoting tumor invasion and metastasis, resisting tumor cell anoikis, enhancing tumor drug resistance, and facilitating tumor cells to escape from the immune mechanism. In recent years, studies show that CEACAM6 has a great application potential in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal carcinomas. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of CEACAM6 in gastrointestinal carcinomas and discuss some related hot issues, with an aim to provide a theoretical foundation for the future clinical application of CEACAM6.
Collapse
|
50
|
Johnson B, Mahadevan D. Emerging Role and Targeting of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in Human Malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:100-111. [PMID: 27595061 PMCID: PMC4997943 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150602215823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is a member of the CEA family of cell adhesion proteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEACAM6 is normally expressed on the surface of myeloid (CD66c) and epithelial surfaces. Stiochiomertic expression of members of the CEA family (CEACAM1, 5, 6, 7) on epithelia maintains normal tissue architecture through homo-and hetero-philic interactions. Dysregulated over-expression of CEACAM6 is oncogenic, is associated with anoikis resistance and an invasive phenotype mediated by excessive TGFβ, AKT, FAK and SRC signaling in human malignancies. Methods: Extensive literature review through PubMed was conducted to identify relevant preclinical and clinical research publications regarding CEACAM6 over the last decade and was summarized in this manuscript. Results: CEACAM5 and 6 are over-expressed in nearly 70% of epithelial malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), hepatobiliary, gastric, breast, non-small cell lung and head/neck cancers. Importantly, CEACAM6 is a poor prognostic marker in CRC, while its expression correlates with tumor stage, metastasis and post-operative survival in PDA. CEACAM6 appears to be an immune checkpoint suppressor in hematologic malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments targeting CEACAM6 have been designed and developed as a targeted therapy for human malignancies. A Llama antibody targeting CEACAM6 is being evaluated in early phase clinical trials. Conclusion: This review focuses on the role of CEACAM6 in the pathogenesis and signaling of the malignant phenotype in solid and hematologic malignancies and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny Johnson
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center & West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN,USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center & West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN,USA
| |
Collapse
|