1
|
Shi Y, Yao M, Shen S, Wang L, Yao D. Abnormal expression of Krüppel-like transcription factors and their potential values in lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28292. [PMID: 38560274 PMCID: PMC10979174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still is one of the most common malignancy tumors in the world. However, the mechanisms of its occurrence and development have not been fully elucidated. Zinc finger protein family (ZNFs) is the largest transcription factor family in human genome. Recently, the more and more basic and clinical evidences have confirmed that ZNFs/Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) refer to a group of conserved zinc finger-containing transcription factors that are involved in lung cancer progression, with the functions of promotion, inhibition, dual roles and unknown classifications. Based on the recent literature, some of the oncogenic KLFs are promising molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis or therapeutic targets of lung cancer. Interestingly, a novel computational approach has been proposed by using machine learning on features calculated from primary sequences, the XGBoost-based model with accuracy of 96.4 % is efficient in identifying KLF proteins. This paper reviews the recent some progresses of the oncogenic KLFs with their potential values for diagnosis, prognosis and molecular target in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Min Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shuijie Shen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen X, Qin J, Zhang X, Ye L, Wang Y, Yang R, Di Y, He W, Wang Z. MEK-mediated CHPF2 phosphorylation promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating NF-κB signaling. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216644. [PMID: 38253217 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a crucial role in the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that chondroitin polymerizing factor 2 (CHPF2) promotes CRC cell proliferation and metastasis mediated by TNF, independently of its enzymatic activity. CHPF2 is highly expressed in CRC, and its elevated expression is associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Mechanistically, upon TNF stimulation, CHPF2 is phosphorylated at the T588 residue by MEK, enabling CHPF2 to interact with both TAK1 and IKKα. This interaction enhances the binding of TAK1 and IKKα, leading to increased phosphorylation of the IKK complex and activation of NF-κB signaling. As a result, the expression of early growth factors (EGR1) is upregulated to promote CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. In contrast, introduction of a phospho-deficient T588A mutation in CHPF2 weakened the interaction between CHPF2 and TAK1, thus impairing NF-κB signaling. CHPF2 T588A mutation reduced the ability of CHPF2 to promote the proliferation and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the NF-κB RELA subunit promotes CHPF2 expression, further amplifying TNF-induced NF-κB signaling activation. These findings identify a moonlighting function of CHPF2 in promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and provide insights into the mechanism by which CHPF2 amplifies TNF-mediated NF-κB signaling activation. Our study provides a molecular basic for the development of therapeutic strategies for CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqiong Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jiale Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lvlan Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Youpeng Wang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ranran Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yuqin Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Molecular Diagnosis and Gene Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Huang Y, Xu J, Zuo H, Tang Y, Huang HY, Chen J, Lin YCD, Huang HD. Mechanism of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen) in treating NSCLC: Insights from miRNA-mRNA network analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117232. [PMID: 37757992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen) is the primary herb component of Compound Kushen Injection (CKI), an approved clinical treatment for tumors. Despite CKI's widespread use, the underlying mechanisms of Kushen regarding microRNA-target and pathway remain unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the crucial miRNAs-targets and pathways responsible for the Kushen's impact on NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK8, colony formation, and apoptosis assays were performed to assess the effects of Kushen on NSCLC cells. Subsequently, we treated the A549 cell line with varying concentrations of Kushen to obtain mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. A DE (differentially expressed) miRNAs-DEGs network was then constructed to identify the critical miRNA-mRNA interaction influenced by Kushen. Furthermore, we performed clinical significance and prognosis analyses of hub genes to narrow down key genes and their corresponding miRNAs. Finally, the effects of Kushen on critical miRNA-mRNA interaction and related pathway were verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS In this study, we initially demonstrated that Kushen significantly inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed colony formation, and induced apoptosis in the A549 cells, PC9 cells, and the A549 zebrafish xenograft model. Through expression profile analysis, a DE miRs-DEGs network was constructed with 16 DE miRs and 68 DEGs. Through the network analysis and expression validation, we found Kushen could significantly down-regulate miR-183-5p expression and up-regulate EGR1 expression. Additionally, Kushen affected the PTEN/Akt pathway, increasing PTEN expression and decreasing pAkt expression. Finally, matrine, the essential active compound of Kushen, also inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, and regulated miR-183-5p/EGR1 and PTEN/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings supported the critical role of miR-183-5p/EGR1 and the PTEN/AKT pathway in the beneficial effects of Kushen on NSCLC, highlighting the therapeutic potential of Kushen in NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Yixian Huang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Jiatong Xu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Huali Zuo
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Yun Tang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Jihang Chen
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Yang-Chi-Dung Lin
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Zhou B, Zhu X, Yang F, Jin K, Dai J, Zhu Y, Song X, Jiang G. Differentiation-related genes in tumor-associated macrophages as potential prognostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123840. [PMID: 36969247 PMCID: PMC10033599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of differentiation-related genes (DRGs) in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsSingle cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data from GEO and bulk RNA-seq data from TCGA were analyzed to identify DRGs using trajectory method. Functional gene analysis was carried out by GO/KEGG enrichment analysis. The mRNA and protein expression in human tissue were analyzed by HPA and GEPIA databases. To investigate the prognostic value of these genes, three risk score (RS) models in different pathological types of NSCLC were generated and predicted NSCLC prognosis in datasets from TCGA, UCSC and GEO databases.Results1,738 DRGs were identified through trajectory analysis. GO/KEGG analysis showed that these genes were predominantly related to myeloid leukocyte activation and leukocyte migration. 13 DRGs (C1QB, CCL4, CD14, CD84, FGL2, MS4A6A, NLRP3, PLEK, RNASE6, SAMSN1, SPN, TMEM176B, ZEB2) related to prognosis were obtained through univariate Cox analysis and Lasso regression. C1QB, CD84, FGL2, MS4A6A, NLRP3, PLEK, SAMSN1, SPN, and ZEB2 were downregulated in NSCLC compared to non-cancer tissue. The mRNA of 13 genes were significantly expressed in pulmonary macrophages with strong cell specificity. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical staining showed that C1QB, CCL4, SPN, CD14, NLRP3, SAMSN1, MS4A6A, TMEM176B were expressed in different degrees in lung cancer tissues. ZEB2 (HR=1.4, P<0.05) and CD14 (HR=1.6, P<0.05) expression were associated with a worse prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma; ZEB2 (HR=0.64, P<0.05), CD84 (HR=0.65, P<0.05), PLEK (HR=0.71, P<0.05) and FGL2 (HR=0.61, P<0.05) expression were associated with a better prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Three RS models based on 13 DRGs both showed that the high RS was significantly associated with poor prognosis in different pathological types of NSCLC.ConclusionsThis study highlights the prognostic value of DRGs in TAMs in NSCLC patients, providing novel insights for the development of therapeutic and prognostic targets based on TAM functional differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Song
- *Correspondence: Xiao Song, ; Gening Jiang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carrasco Pro S, Hook H, Bray D, Berenzy D, Moyer D, Yin M, Labadorf AT, Tewhey R, Siggers T, Fuxman Bass JI. Widespread perturbation of ETS factor binding sites in cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:913. [PMID: 36808133 PMCID: PMC9938127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although >90% of somatic mutations reside in non-coding regions, few have been reported as cancer drivers. To predict driver non-coding variants (NCVs), we present a transcription factor (TF)-aware burden test based on a model of coherent TF function in promoters. We apply this test to NCVs from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes cohort and predict 2555 driver NCVs in the promoters of 813 genes across 20 cancer types. These genes are enriched in cancer-related gene ontologies, essential genes, and genes associated with cancer prognosis. We find that 765 candidate driver NCVs alter transcriptional activity, 510 lead to differential binding of TF-cofactor regulatory complexes, and that they primarily impact the binding of ETS factors. Finally, we show that different NCVs within a promoter often affect transcriptional activity through shared mechanisms. Our integrated computational and experimental approach shows that cancer NCVs are widespread and that ETS factors are commonly disrupted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Hook
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Bray
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Devlin Moyer
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meimei Yin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Thomas Labadorf
- Bioinformatics Hub, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Trevor Siggers
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Juan Ignacio Fuxman Bass
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jia F, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Tan G, Wang Z. FZD1/KLF10-hsa-miR-4762-5p/miR-224-3p-circular RNAs axis as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glioblastoma: a comprehensive report. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 36755291 PMCID: PMC9909915 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circular RNA (circRNA) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of tumors as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). Given the high aggressiveness and fatality rate of glioblastoma (GBM) as well as poor prognosis, it is necessary to construct a circRNA-related ceRNA network for further studies on the mechanism of GBM and identify possible biomarkers as well as therapeutic drugs. METHODS Three datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded to distinguish differential circRNAs, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs respectively in GBM. With the help of GEPIA2, circBank, CSCD, TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase databases, we established a circRNAs-related ceRNA network in GBM. Functional enrichments were employed to profile the most relevant mRNAs to indirectly clarify the mechanisms of the ceRNA network. Based on the expression profile data and survival information of GBM patients from the GEO and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases, we performed survival analysis to select prognostic mRNAs and constructed a novel circRNA-miRNA-mRNA central regulatory subnetwork. The DGIdb database was used to find potential drug-gene interactions. RESULTS The datasets obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases were analyzed, and 504 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 71 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 270 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were screened out. The novel ceRNA regulatory network included 22 circRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 15 mRNAs. FZD1 and KLF10 were significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with GBM (P < 0.05). The final survival subnetwork contained six circRNAs, two miRNAs, and two mRNAs. Two small-molecule compounds and one antibody could be used as therapeutic drugs for GBM. Interestingly, the Wnt signaling pathway appeared in both KEGG and GO functional terms. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study demonstrate that FZD1 and KLF10 may exert regulatory functions in GBM, and the ceRNA-mediated network could be a therapeutic strategy for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Rehabilitation Department, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia China
| | - Zhengye Jiang
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian China
| | - Guowei Tan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001 Fujian China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biological and Genetic Mechanisms of COPD, Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship with Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020448. [PMID: 36830984 PMCID: PMC9953173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent chronic adult diseases, with significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Although long-term tobacco smoking is a critical risk factor for this global health problem, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several phenomena are thought to be involved in the evolution of emphysema, including airway inflammation, proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance, oxidative stress, and genetic/epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, COPD is one main risk for lung cancer (LC), the deadliest form of human tumor; formation and chronic inflammation accompanying COPD can be a potential driver of malignancy maturation (0.8-1.7% of COPD cases develop cancer/per year). Recently, the development of more research based on COPD and lung cancer molecular analysis has provided new light for understanding their pathogenesis, improving the diagnosis and treatments, and elucidating many connections between these diseases. Our review emphasizes the biological factors involved in COPD and lung cancer, the advances in their molecular mechanisms' research, and the state of the art of diagnosis and treatments. This work combines many biological and genetic elements into a single whole and strongly links COPD with lung tumor features.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles in Combination with 5-FU Exert Antitumor Effects Superior to Those of the Active Drug in a Colon Cancer Cell Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010245. [PMID: 36678874 PMCID: PMC9865889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer types, and treatment options, unfortunately, do not continually improve the survival rate of patients. With the unprecedented development of nanotechnologies, nanomedicine has become a significant direction in cancer research. Indeed, chemotherapeutics with nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment is an outstanding new treatment principle. (2) Methods: Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized and characterized. Caco-2 colon cancer cells were treated during two different periods (24 and 72 h) with Fe3O4 NPs (6 μg/mL), various concentrations of 5-FU (4−16 μg/mL), and Fe3O4 NPs in combination with 5-FU (4−16 μg/mL) (Fe3O4 NPs + 5-FU). (3) Results: The MTT assay showed that treating the cells with Fe3O4 NPs + 5-FU at 16 µg/mL for 24 or 72 h decreased cell viability and increased their LDH release (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, at the same treatment concentrations, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was decreased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and total oxidant status (TOS) increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, after treatment with Fe3O4-NPs + 5-FU, the IL-10 gene was downregulated and PTEN gene expression was upregulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) compared with those of the control. (4) Conclusions: Fe3O4 NPs exert a synergistic cytotoxic effect with 5-FU on Caco-2 cells at concentrations below the active drug threshold levels.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin L, Zhang J, Sun Y. Early growth response-1 is a new substrate of the GSK3β-FBXW7 axis. Neoplasia 2022; 34:100839. [PMID: 36240645 PMCID: PMC9573921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
EGR1, a short-lived transcription factor, regulates several biological processes, including cell proliferation and tumor progression. Whether and how EGR1 is regulated by Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) remains elusive. Here, we report that MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of neddylation, causes EGR1 accumulation by inactivating SCFFBXW7 (CRL1), which is a new E3 ligase for EGR1. Specifically, FBXW7 binds to EGR1 via its consensus binding motif/degron, whereas cancer-derived FBXW7 mutants showed a much reduced EGR1 binding. SiRNA-mediated FBXW7 knockdown caused EGR1 accumulation, whereas FBXW7 overexpression reduced EGR1 levels. Likewise, FBXW7 knockdown significantly extended EGR1 protein half-life, while FBXW7 overexpression promotes polyubiquitylation of wild-type EGR1, but not EGR1-S2A mutant with the binding site abrogated. GSK3β kinase is required for the FBXW7-EGR1 binding, and for enhanced EGR1 degradation by wild type FBXW7, but not by FBXW7 mutants. Likewise, GSK3β knockdown or treatment with GSK3β inhibitor significantly increased the EGR1 levels and extended EGR1 protein half-life, while reducing EGR1 polyubiquitylation. Hypoxia exposure reduces the EGR1 levels via enhancing the FBXW7-EGR1 binding, and FBXW7-induced EGR1 polyubiquitylation. Biologically, EGR1 knockdown suppressed cancer cell growth, whereas growth stimulation by FBXW7 knockdown is partially rescued by EGR1 knockdown. Thus, EGR1 is a new substrate of the GSK3β-FBXW7 axis, and the FBXW7-EGR1 axis coordinately regulates growth of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jiagui Zhang
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai M, Vesely A, Chen X, Li L, Goeman JJ. NetTDP: permutation-based true discovery proportions for differential co-expression network analysis. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6754043. [PMID: 36209415 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing methods for differential network analysis could only infer whether two networks of interest have differences between two groups of samples, but could not quantify and localize network differences. In this work, a novel method, permutation-based Network True Discovery Proportions (NetTDP), is proposed to quantify the number of edges (correlations) or nodes (genes) for which the co-expression networks are different. In the NetTDP method, we propose an edge-level statistic and a node-level statistic, and detect true discoveries of edges and nodes in the sense of differential co-expression network, respectively, by the permutation-based sumSome method. Furthermore, the NetTDP method could further localize the differences by inferring the TDPs for edge or gene subsets of interest, which can be selected post hoc. Our NetTDP method allows inference on data-driven modules or biology-driven gene sets, and remains valid even when these sub-networks are optimized using the same data. Experimental results on both simulation data sets and five real data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed method in inferring the quantification and localization of differential co-expression networks. The R code is available at https://github.com/LiminLi-xjtu/NetTDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anna Vesely
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Limin Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang HH, Rao H, Miao R, Liang Y. A novel meta-analysis based on data augmentation and elastic data shared lasso regularization for gene expression. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:353. [PMID: 35999505 PMCID: PMC9396780 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression analysis can provide useful information for analyzing complex biological mechanisms. However, many reported findings are unrepeatable due to small sample sizes relative to a large number of genes and the low signal-to-noise ratios of most gene expression datasets. Results Meta-analysis of multi-data sets is an efficient method for tackling the above problem. To improve the performance of meta-analysis, we propose a novel meta-analysis framework. It consists of two parts: (1) a novel data augmentation strategy. Various cross-platform normalization methods exist, which can preserve original biological information of gene expression datasets from different angles and add different “perturbations” to the dataset. Using such perturbation, we provide a feasible means for gene expression data augmentation; (2) elastic data shared lasso (DSL-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${{\varvec{L}}}_{\mathbf{2}}$$\end{document}L2). The DSL-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\mathbf{L}}_{\mathbf{2}}$$\end{document}L2 method spans the continuum between individual models for each dataset and one model for all datasets. It also overcomes the shortcomings of the data shared lasso method when dealing with highly correlated features. Comprehensive simulation experiment results show that the proposed method has high prediction and gene selection performance. We then apply the proposed method to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) blood gene expression data in order to identify key tumor-related genes. The outcomes of our experiment indicate that the method could be used for identifying a set of robust disease-related gene signatures that may be used for NSCLC early diagnosis or prognosis or even targeting. Conclusion We propose a novel and effective meta-analysis method for biological research, extrapolating and integrating information from multiple gene expression datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hui Huang
- Provincial Demonstration Software Institute, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hao Rao
- Provincial Demonstration Software Institute, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Rui Miao
- Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yong Liang
- The Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
EGR1-CCL2 Feedback Loop Maintains Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells and Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3702-3713. [PMID: 34499269 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer (GC) is still elusive; several recent evidences proposed that chemoresistant tumor cells acquired aggressive behaviors. AIMS This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in chemoresistant GC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis and function or mechanism experiments including RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot, luciferase reporter assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay and animal experiments were applied to evaluate the role of EGR1-CCL2 feedback loop. RESULTS Compared with the parental cell line SGC7901, cisplatin resistant SGC7901R cells underwent EMT and showed increased angiogenic capabilities. Mechanistically, SGC7901R cells showed increased levels of EGR1, which could transcriptionally activate the angiogenic factor CCL2 and EMT regulator ZEB2. Reciprocally, CCL2 activated the CCR2-ERK-ELK1-EGR1 pathway, thus forming a positive feed-forward loop. Moreover, CCL2 in culture medium of SGC7901R cells promoted angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). EGR1 expression was positively correlated with CCL2 and ZEB2 in clinical GC tissues, and the depletion of ERG1 could also decrease microvessel density and ZEB2 expression in metastatic nodules of nude mice. CONCLUSIONS EGR1-CCL2 feedback loop might exert critical roles on EMT and angiogenesis of chemoresistant GC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Early Growth Response 1 Strengthens Pol-III-Directed Transcription and Transformed Cell Proliferation by Controlling PTEN/AKT Signalling Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094930. [PMID: 35563324 PMCID: PMC9105817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) products play essential roles in ribosome assembly, protein synthesis, and cell survival. Deregulation of Pol-III-directed transcription is closely associated with tumorigenesis. However, the regulatory pathways or factors controlling Pol-III-directed transcription remain to be investigated. In this study, we identified a novel role of EGR1 in Pol-III-directed transcription. We found that Filamin A (FLNA) silencing stimulated EGR1 expression at both RNA and protein levels. EGR1 expression positively correlated with Pol III product levels and cell proliferation activity. Mechanistically, EGR1 downregulation dampened the occupancies of Pol III transcription machinery factors at the loci of Pol III target genes. Alteration of EGR1 expression did not affect the expression of p53, c-MYC, and Pol III general transcription factors. Instead, EGR1 activated RhoA expression and inhibited PTEN expression in several transformed cell lines. We found that PTEN silencing, rather than RhoA overexpression, could reverse the inhibition of Pol-III-dependent transcription and cell proliferation caused by EGR1 downregulation. EGR1 could positively regulate AKT phosphorylation levels and is required for the inhibition of Pol-III-directed transcription mediated by FLNA. The findings from this study indicate that EGR1 can promote Pol-III-directed transcription and cell proliferation by controlling the PTEN/AKT signalling pathway.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang ZY, Zhang SL, Chen HL, Mao YQ, Kong CY, Li ZM, Wang LS, Ma M, Han B. Low EGR1 expression predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153666. [PMID: 34749216 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is resistant to conventional therapy due to the deletion of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene, and novel treatment options are urgently needed. Here, using tissue microarray analysis of 445 cancer tissues and 326 adjacent normal renal tissues obtained from patients with ccRCC, we present the early growth response-1 (EGR1) protein levels are significantly decreased in ccRCC cancer tissues. Consistently, the EGR1 mRNA expression also decreased in cancer tissues based on the transcriptomic data for 599 tumor and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Moreover, Patients with ccRCC presenting low EGR1 expression are more prone to exhibit metastasis and a poor prognosis than those with high EGR1 expression. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, EGR1 is determined to serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with ccRCC. Further cellular biochemical function analyses show that EGR1 may inhibit proliferation, invasion and metastasis of ccRCC. These findings will deepen our understanding of EGR1 function and shed light on precise treatment for ccRCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), and Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saha SK, Islam SMR, Saha T, Nishat A, Biswas PK, Gil M, Nkenyereye L, El-Sappagh S, Islam MS, Cho SG. Prognostic role of EGR1 in breast cancer: a systematic review. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34488929 PMCID: PMC8560464 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
EGR1 (early growth response 1) is dysregulated in many cancers and exhibits both tumor suppressor and promoter activities, making it an appealing target for cancer therapy. Here, we used a systematic multiomics analysis to review the expression of EGR1 and its role in regulating clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC). EGR1 expression, its promoter methylation, and protein expression pattern were assessed using various publicly available tools. COSMIC-based somatic mutations and cBioPortal-based copy number alterations were analyzed, and the prognostic roles of EGR1 in BC were determined using Prognoscan and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. We also used bc-GenEx-Miner to investigate the EGR1 co-expression profile. EGR1 was more often downregulated in BC tissues than in normal breast tissue, and its knockdown was positively correlated with poor survival. Low EGR1 expression levels were also associated with increased risk of ER+, PR+, and HER2-BCs. High positive correlations were observed among EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN mRNA expression in BC tissue. This systematic review suggested that EGR1 expression may serve as a prognostic marker for BC patients and that clinicopathological parameters influence its prognostic utility. In addition to EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN can jointly be considered prognostic indicators for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - S. M. Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Tripti Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Afsana Nishat
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Polash Kumar Biswas
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Lewis Nkenyereye
- Department of Computer and Information Security, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Shaker El-Sappagh
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ke X, He L, Wang R, Shen J, Wang Z, Shen Y, Fan L, Shao J, Qi H. miR-377-3p-Mediated EGR1 Downregulation Promotes B[a]P-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis by Wnt/Beta-Catenin Transduction. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699004. [PMID: 34497759 PMCID: PMC8419355 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), found in cigarette smoke and air pollution, is an important carcinogen. Nevertheless, early molecular events and related regulatory effects of B[a]P-mediated cell transformation and tumor initiation remain unclear. This study found that EGR1 was significantly downregulated during human bronchial epithelial cell transformation and mice lung carcinogenesis upon exposure to B[a]P and its active form BPDE, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of EGR1 inhibited the BPDE-induced cell malignant transformation. Moreover, miR-377-3p was strongly enhanced by BPDE/B[a]P exposure and crucial for the inhibition of EGR1 expression by targeting the 3'UTR of EGR1. MiR-377-3p antagomir reversed the effect of EGR1 downregulation in cell malignant transformation and tumor initiation models. Furthermore, the B[a]P-induced molecular changes were evaluated by IHC in clinical lung cancer tissues and examined with a clinic database. Mechanistically, EGR1 inhibition was also involved in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin transduction, promoting lung tumorigenesis following B[a]P/BPDE exposure. Taken together, the results demonstrated that bBenzo[a]pyrene exposure might induce lung tumorigenesis through miR-377-3p-mediated reduction of EGR1 expression, suggesting an important role of EGR1 in PAHs-induced lung carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu He
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Shen
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, and Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang B, Guo H, Yu H, Chen Y, Xu H, Zhao G. The Role of the Transcription Factor EGR1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642547. [PMID: 33842351 PMCID: PMC8024650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor that is mainly involved in the processes of tissue injury, immune responses, and fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that EGR1 is closely related to the initiation and progression of cancer and may participate in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and in tumor angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism whereby EGR1 modulates these processes remains to be elucidated. This review article summarizes possible mechanisms of action of EGR1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and may serve as a reference for clinical efficacy predictions and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wei F, Jing H, Wei M, Liu L, Wu J, Wang M, Han D, Yang F, Yang B, Jiao D, Zheng G, Zhang L, Xi W, Guo Z, Yang AG, Qin W, Zhou Y, Wen W. Ring finger protein 2 promotes colorectal cancer progression by suppressing early growth response 1. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:26199-26220. [PMID: 33346749 PMCID: PMC7803491 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) is an important component of polycomb repressive complex 1. RNF2 is upregulated in many kinds of tumors, and elevated RNF2 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in certain cancers. To assess the function of RNF2 in colorectal cancer, we examined RNF2 protein levels in 313 paired colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. We then analyzed the association of RNF2 expression with the patients’ clinicopathologic features and prognoses. RNF2 expression was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and was associated with the tumor differentiation status, tumor stage and prognosis. In colorectal cancer cell lines, downregulation of RNF2 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Gene microarray analysis revealed that early growth response 1 (EGR1) was upregulated in RNF2-knockdown cells. Knocking down EGR1 partially reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in RNF2-knockdown cells. RNF2 was enriched at the EGR1 promoter, where it mono-ubiquitinated histone H2A, thereby inhibiting EGR1 expression. These results indicate that RNF2 is oncogenic in colorectal cancer and may promote disease progression by inhibiting EGR1 expression. RNF2 is thus a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Haoren Jing
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300013, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Urology Department of No. 989 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jieheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhangyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300013, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chang H, Cai Z, Roberts TM. The Mechanisms Underlying PTEN Loss in Human Tumors Suggest Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110713. [PMID: 31703360 PMCID: PMC6921025 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will first briefly describe the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with PTEN loss of function in cancer. We will then proceed to discuss the molecular mechanisms linking PTEN loss to PI3K activation and demonstrate how these mechanisms suggest possible therapeutic approaches for patients with PTEN-null tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoun Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- KIST-DFCI On-Site Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zhenying Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.C.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-632-3049
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aliperti V, Sgueglia G, Aniello F, Vitale E, Fucci L, Donizetti A. Identification, Characterization, and Regulatory Mechanisms of a Novel EGR1 Splicing Isoform. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1548. [PMID: 30925677 PMCID: PMC6479754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1 is a transcription factor expressed in many cell types that regulates genes involved in different biological processes including growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of EGR1 expression has been associated with many pathological conditions such as tumors and brain diseases. Known molecular mechanisms underlying the control of EGR1 function include regulation of transcription, mRNA and protein stability, and post-translational modifications. Here we describe the identification of a splicing isoform for the human EGR1 gene. The newly identified splicing transcript encodes a shorter protein compared to the canonical EGR1. This isoform lacks a region belonging to the N-terminal activation domain and although it is capable of entering the nucleus, it is unable to activate transcription fully relative to the canonical isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Aliperti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Aniello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emilia Vitale
- NeurOmics Laboratory, Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Fucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Inoue K, Fry EA. Tumor suppression by the EGR1, DMP1, ARF, p53, and PTEN Network. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:520-536. [PMID: 30396285 PMCID: PMC6500763 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1533965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that EGR1 is a direct regulator of tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, and p53. The Myb-like transcription factor Dmp1 is a physiological regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway through transactivation of the Arf promoter and physical interaction of p53. The Dmp1 promoter has binding sites for Egr proteins, and Egr1 is a target for Dmp1. Crosstalks between p53 and PTEN have been reported. The Egr1-Dmp1-Arf-p53-Pten pathway displays multiple modes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of tumor suppressors that maintain normal cell growth and prevent the emergence of incipient cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences,
Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mohamad T, Kazim N, Adhikari A, Davie JK. EGR1 interacts with TBX2 and functions as a tumor suppressor in rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18084-18098. [PMID: 29719592 PMCID: PMC5915059 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
EGR1, one of the immediate-early response genes, can function as a tumor suppressor gene or as an oncogene in cancer. The function of EGR1 has not been fully characterized in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a pediatric cancer derived from the muscle linage. We found that EGR1 is downregulated in the alveolar RMS (ARMS) subtype but expressed at levels comparable to normal skeletal muscle in embryonal RMS (ERMS). We found that overexpression of EGR1 in ARMS significantly decreased cell proliferation, mobility, and anchorage-independent growth while also promoting differentiation. We found that EGR1 interacts with TBX2, which we have shown functions as an oncogene in RMS. The interaction inhibits EGR1 dependent gene expression, which includes the cell cycle regulators p21 and PTEN as well as other important cell growth drivers such as NDRG1 and CST6. We also found that EGR1 induced apoptosis by triggering the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. EGR1 also activated two pro-apoptotic factors, BAX and dephosphorylated BAD, which are both located upstream of the caspase cascades in the intrinsic pathway. EGR1 also sensitized RMS cells to chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting that activating EGR1 may improve therapeutic targeting by inducing apoptosis. Our results establish the important role of EGR1 in understanding RMS pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trefa Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Noor Kazim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Abhinav Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Judith K Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xiao J, Hu CP, He BX, Chen X, Lu XX, Xie MX, Li W, He SY, You SJ, Chen Q. PTEN expression is a prognostic marker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57832-57840. [PMID: 27506936 PMCID: PMC5295393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a known tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, we determined the prognostic value of decreased PTEN expression in patients with NSCLC. We comprehensively and systematically searched through multiple online databases up to May 22, 2016 for NSCLC studies reporting on PTEN expression and patient survival outcome. Several criteria, including the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS), were used to discriminate between studies. In total, 23 eligible studies with a total of 2,505 NSCLC patients were included in our meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that decreased expression of PTEN correlated with poor overall survival in NSCLC patients and was indicative of a poor prognosis for disease-free survival and progression-free survival in patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cheng-Ping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bi-Xiu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shu-Ya He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shao-Jin You
- Laboratory of Cancer Experimental Therapy, Atlanta Research and Educational Foundation (151F), Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oh S, Kim H, Nam K, Shin I. Egr-1 is required for neu/HER2-induced mammary tumors. Cell Signal 2018; 45:102-109. [PMID: 29408223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Egr-1 is known to function mainly as a tumor suppressor through direct regulation of multiple tumor suppressor genes. To determine the role of Egr-1 in breast tumors in vivo, we used mouse models of breast cancer induced by HER2/neu. We compared neu-overexpressing Egr-1 knockout mice (neu/Egr-1 KO) to neu-overexpressing Egr-1 wild type or heterozygote mice (neu/Egr-1 WT or neu/Egr-1 het) with regard to onset of tumor appearance and number of tumors per mouse. In addition, to examine the role of Egr-1 in vitro, we established neu/Egr-1 WT and KO tumor cell lines derived from breast tumors developed in each mouse. Egr-1 deletion delayed tumor development in vivo and decreased the rate of cell growth in vitro. These results suggest that Egr-1 plays an oncogenic role in HER2/neu-driven mammary tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunhwa Oh
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - KeeSoo Nam
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gao X, Xie Z, Wang Z, Cheng K, Liang K, Song Z. Overexpression of miR-191 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Proliferation and Invasion in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:1101-1110. [PMID: 29047233 PMCID: PMC5653474 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence has shown that dysregulation of microRNA-191 (miR-191) is closely associated with tumorigenesis and progression in a wide range of cancers. This study aimed to explore the potential role of miR-191 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS miR-191 expression was assessed in 93 ESCC tissue specimens by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and survival analysis was performed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, plate colony-forming, BrdU, and Transwell assays were conducted to observe the effect of miR-191 on ESCC proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter and western blot assays were taken to identify target genes of miR-191. RESULTS miR-191 was overexpressed in 93 cases of ESCC, compared with adjacent normal tissues, and miR-191 expression was significantly related to differentiation, depth of invasion, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of tumor. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses demonstrated that overexpression of miR-191 was an independent and significant predictor of ESCC prognosis. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that miR-191 promoted ESCC cell proliferation and invasion activities in vitro. Early growth response 1 (EGR1), a tumor suppressor, was predicted as a direct target of miR-191. Luciferase reporter and western blot assays proved that miR-191 reduced EGR1 expression by directly binding its 3' untranslated region. Moreover, EGR1 knockdown by siRNA enhanced ESCC cell growth and invasion. CONCLUSION Our findings provide specific biological roles of miR-191 in ESCC survival and progression. Targeting the novel miR-191/EGR1 axis represents a potential new therapeutic way to block ESCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhanqiang Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Keluo Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zeqing Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang LF, Liu YS, Yang B, Li P, Cheng XS, Xiao CX, Liu JJ, Li S, Ren JL, Guleng B. The extracellular matrix protein mindin attenuates colon cancer progression by blocking angiogenesis via Egr-1-mediated regulation. Oncogene 2017; 37:601-615. [PMID: 28991232 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mindin, a secreted, highly conserved extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, exerts a broad spectrum of effects on the innate immune system. However, its function in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is not well established, and its upstream regulation mechanisms remain unclear. Contrary to previous reports, this study used two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to show that the serum level of mindin was significantly decreased in CRC patients and that this decreased level is more significantly associated with the early stages of the disease. To explore the regulation of mindin, we used a bioinformatics approach to predict potential transcription factors and determined that early growth response factor (Egr)-1 directly regulates mindin expression at the transcriptional level using dual luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) DNA and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) methods. Egr-1 regulates mindin mRNA and protein expression in CRC cells, and the protein expression of both Egr-1 and mindin was significantly decreased in tumor lesions of patients compared with adjacent control tissues. Mindin is essential for Egr-1-mediated inhibition of endothelial cell tube formation, and mindin inhibits endotheliocyte proliferation, migration and angiogenic sprouts in vitro. Overexpression of mindin suppressed xenograft tumor growth by blocking angiogenesis instead of directly suppressing CRC cell proliferation. Mechanically, mindin inhibits the hypoxia-induced HIF-1a and VEGFA protein expression in CRC cells and the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells. The results suggest that the serum level of mindin can be used as a novel biomarker for early detection of CRC and that the Egr-1/mindin axis is a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of angiogenesis in CRC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-F Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y-S Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - P Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X-S Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - C-X Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - J-J Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - S Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J-L Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - B Guleng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan L, Wang Y, Liang J, Liu Z, Sun X, Cai K. MiR-301b promotes the proliferation, mobility, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells by targeting EGR1. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:571-577. [PMID: 28521108 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of miR-301b in the modulation of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer (BLCA) cells. The expression of miR-301b and EGR1 (early growth response gene 1) mRNA were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A dual-luciferase reporter gene system was used to identify the target relationship between miR-301b and EGR1. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed by MTT assay, colony-forming assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell motility and invasiveness were assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression of proteins involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EGR1 were determined by Western blot. Our results showed that miR-301b was up-regulated while EGR1 was down-regulated in BLCA tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. The proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of T24 cells (a kind of human BLCA cell) were suppressed by decreasing miR-301b expression or increasing EGR1 expression. In addition, miR-301b promoted EMT signaling by influencing the expression of related proteins. In conclusion, miR-301b promotes the proliferation, migration, and aggressiveness of human BLCA cells by inhibiting the expression of EGR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- b Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Liang
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kerui Cai
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Upregulation of CISD2 augments ROS homeostasis and contributes to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11893. [PMID: 28928421 PMCID: PMC5605537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CISD2 is a redox-sensitive gene critical for normal development and mitochondrial integrity. CISD2 was known to have aberrant expression in several types of human cancers. However, its relation with lung cancer is still not clear. In this study we found CISD2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) samples, compared with their adjacent normal counterparts, and was correlated with tumor stage, grade, and prognosis based on analysis of clinical specimens-derived expression data in public domain and our validation assay. Cell based assay indicated that CISD2 expression regulated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), polarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as cell viability, apoptosis, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity. In addition, CISD2 expression was found significantly correlated with stress response/redox signaling genes such as EGR1 and GPX3, while such correlations were also found valid in many public domain data. Taken together, upregulation of CISD2 is involved in an increased antioxidant capacity in response to elevated ROS levels during the formation and progression of lung ADC. The molecular mechanism underlying how CISD2 regulates ROS homeostasis and augments malignancy of lung cancer warrants further investigations.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun M, Nie FQ, Zang C, Wang Y, Hou J, Wei C, Li W, He X, Lu KH. The Pseudogene DUXAP8 Promotes Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Epigenetically Silencing EGR1 and RHOB. Mol Ther 2017; 25:739-751. [PMID: 28131418 PMCID: PMC5363203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the non-protein-coding functional elements in the human genome have been identified as key regulators in postgenomic biology, and a large number of pseudogenes as well as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be transcribed in multiple human cancers. However, only a small proportion of these pseudogenes has been functionally characterized. In this study, we screened for pseudogenes associated with human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by comparative analysis of several independent datasets from the GEO. We identified a transcribed pseudogene named DUXAP8 that is upregulated in tumor tissues. Patients with higher DUXAP8 expression exhibited shorter survival, suggesting DUXAP8 as a new candidate prognostic marker for NSCLC patients. Knockdown of DUXAP8 impairs cell growth, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DUXAP8 represses the tumor suppressors EGR1 and RHOB by recruiting histone demethylase LSD1 and histone methyltransferase EZH2, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings indicate that the pseudogene DUXAP8 may act as an oncogene in NSCLC by silencing EGR1 and RHOB transcription by binding with EZH2 and LSD1, which may offer a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng-Qi Nie
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chongshuang Zang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiakai Hou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kai-Hua Lu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liao BY, Wang Z, Hu J, Liu WF, Shen ZZ, Zhang X, Yu L, Fan J, Zhou J. PI-88 inhibits postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma via disrupting the surge of heparanase after liver resection. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2987-98. [PMID: 26415733 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannopentaose sulfate (PI-88), an effective inhibitor of heparanase (HPSE), exhibited anti-recurrence and anti-metastasis activity in preliminary clinical trials of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Our aim was to reveal the mechanism by which PI-88 inhibits recurrence and intrahepatic metastasis. A tissue microarray containing samples from 352 HCC patients was used to determine HPSE expression. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect plasma levels of HPSE in 40 HCC patients. We also used quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining to assess HPSE expression of HCC cell lines and tissues. The in vitro effects of PI-88 were examined by cell proliferation and migration assays. In vivo PI-88 activity was assessed using murine orthotopic HCC models. Intratumoral HPSE was an independent prognostic marker for postsurgical overall survival (P = 0.001) and time to recurrence (P < 0.001) of HCC patients with hepatectomy. Elevated levels of HPSE were detected both in postsurgical plasma of HCC patients and an orthotopic mouse model after hepatectomy. PI-88 inhibited tumor recurrence and metastasis after liver resection in the mouse model. In vitro expression of HPSE was up-regulated by overexpression of early growth response 1 (EGR1), which is induced after hepatectomy. Up-regulation of HPSE enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to PI-88 and the inhibitive effect of PI-88 on cell proliferation and migration. Our data show that PI-88 effectively inhibits postoperative recurrence and intrahepatic metastasis of HCC, providing an experimental basis for the clinical application of PI-88 in HCC patients who have undergone hepatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zao-Zhuo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
To C, Ringelberg CS, Royce DB, Williams CR, Risingsong R, Sporn MB, Liby KT. Dimethyl fumarate and the oleanane triterpenoids, CDDO-imidazolide and CDDO-methyl ester, both activate the Nrf2 pathway but have opposite effects in the A/J model of lung carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:769-81. [PMID: 25939751 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for the highest number of cancer-related deaths in the USA, highlighting the need for better prevention and therapy. Activation of the Nrf2 pathway detoxifies harmful insults and reduces oxidative stress, thus preventing carcinogenesis in various preclinical models. However, constitutive activation of the Nrf2 pathway has been detected in numerous cancers, which confers a survival advantage to tumor cells and a poor prognosis. In our study, we compared the effects of two clinically relevant classes of Nrf2 activators, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and the synthetic oleanane triterpenoids, CDDO-imidazolide (CDDO-Im) and CDDO-methyl ester (CDDO-Me) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells, in VC1 lung cancer cells and in the A/J model of lung cancer. Although the triterpenoids and DMF both activated the Nrf2 pathway, CDDO-Im and CDDO-Me were markedly more potent than DMF. All of these drugs reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibited nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, but the triterpenoids were 100 times more potent than DMF in these assays. Microarray analysis revealed that only 52 of 99 Nrf2-target genes were induced by all three compounds, and each drug regulated a unique subset of Nrf2 genes. These drugs also altered the expression of other genes important in lung cancer independent of Nrf2. Although all three compounds enhanced the phosphorylation of CREB, only DMF increased the phosphorylation of Akt. CDDO-Me, at either 12.5 or 50mg/kg of diet, was the most effective drug in our lung cancer mouse model. Specifically, CDDO-Me significantly reduced the average tumor number, size and burden compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, 52% of the tumors in the control group were high-grade tumors compared with only 14% in the CDDO-Me group. Though less potent, CDDO-Im had similar activity as CDDO-Me. In contrast, 61-63% of the tumors in the DMF groups (400-1200mg/kg diet) were high-grade tumors compared with 52% for the controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, DMF significantly increased the average number of tumors compared with the controls (P < 0.05). Thus, in contrast to the triterpenoids, which effectively reduced pathogenesis in A/J mice, DMF enhanced the severity of lung carcinogenesis in these mice. Collectively, these results suggest that although CDDO-Im, CDDO-Me and DMF all activate the Nrf2 pathway, they target distinct genes and signaling pathways, resulting in opposite effects for the prevention of experimental lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Verduci L, Azzalin G, Gioiosa S, Carissimi C, Laudadio I, Fulci V, Macino G. microRNA-181a enhances cell proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by targeting EGR1. Leuk Res 2015; 39:479-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Depletion of C3orf1/TIMMDC1 inhibits migration and proliferation in 95D lung carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20555-71. [PMID: 25391042 PMCID: PMC4264183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we identified an association of high expression of c3orf1, also known as TIMMDC1 (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane domain-containing protein 1), with metastatic characteristics in lung carcinoma cells. To investigate the preliminary function and mechanism of this mitochondrial protein, we depleted C3orf1 expression by introducing siRNA into 95D lung carcinoma cells. We demonstrated that C3orf1 depletion significantly suppressed 95D cell growth and migration. We confirmed C3orf1 localization in the inner mitochondrial membrane and showed that mitochondrial viability, membrane potential, and ATPase activity were remarkably reduced upon depletion of C3orf1. Microarray data indicated that genes involved in regulation of cell death, migration, and cell-cycle arrest were significantly altered after C3orf1 depletion for 48 h. The expression of genes involved in focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and p53-signaling pathways were notably altered. Furthermore, cell-cycle arrest genes such as CCNG2 and PTEN as well as genes involved in cell migration inhibition, such as TIMP3 and COL3A1, were upregulated after C3orf1 depletion in 95D cells. Concurrently, expression of the migration-promoting gene NUPR1 was markedly reduced, as confirmed by real-time PCR. We conclude that C3orf1 is critical for mitochondrial function, migration, and proliferation in 95D lung carcinoma cells. Depletion of C3orf1 inhibited cell migration and cell proliferation in association with upregulation of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and cell migration inhibition. These results suggest that C3orf1 (TIMMDC1) may be a viable treatment target for lung carcinoma, and that further study of the role of this protein in lung carcinoma pathogenesis is justified.
Collapse
|
34
|
EGR1 decreases the malignancy of human non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating KRT18 expression. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5416. [PMID: 24990820 PMCID: PMC4080516 DOI: 10.1038/srep05416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response 1 (EGR1) is a multifunctional transcription factor; Positive and negative functions of EGR1 in various tumors rely on the integrated functions of various genes it regulates. In this study, we observed the role of EGR1 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and identified genes that influence cell fate and tumor development. Various assays showed that EGR1 arrested cell mobility, inhibited migration, and induced apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that 100 genes, including CDKN1C, CDC27 and PRKDC, changed their mRNA expressions with the increase of EGR1 and contributed to intervention of tumor progression. Bioinformatics analysis and promoter analysis indicated that an EGR1 binding site was situated in the promoter of KRT18 (also named CK18) and KRT18 could assist in inhibition of NSCLC development. The expression level of EGR1 and KRT18 in NSCLC clinical cases was investigated by immunohistochemistry, in which the protein expression of KRT18 was found to be significantly associated with EGR1 and lymph node metastasis. The results collectively confirm that EGR1 functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. This study is the first to report KRT18 expression is directly regulated by EGR1, and contributes to decrease malignancy of NSCLC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fu L, Huang W, Jing Y, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Shi J, Huang S, Xue X, Zhang Q, Tang J, Dou L, Wang L, Nervi C, Li Y, Yu L. AML1-ETO triggers epigenetic activation of early growth response gene l, inducing apoptosis in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. FEBS J 2014; 281:1123-31. [PMID: 24314118 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is the most common chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and it gives rise to acute myeloid gene 1 (AML1)-myeloid transforming gene 8 (ETO)-positive AML, which has a relatively favorable prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism related to a favorable prognosis in AML1-ETO-positive AML is still not fully understood. Our results show that the AML1-ETO fusion protein triggered activation of early growth response gene l (EGR1) by binding at AML1-binding sites on the EGR1 promoter and, subsequently, recruiting acetyltransferase P300, which is known to acetylate histones. However, AML1-ETO could not recruit DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases; therefore, EGR1 expression was affected by histone acetylation but not by DNA methylation. Both transcription and translation of EGR1 were higher in AML1-ETO-positive AML cell lines than in AML1-ETO-negative AML cell lines, owing to acetylation. Furthermore, when AML1-ETO-positive AML cell lines were treated with C646 (P300 inhibitor) and trichostatin A (histone deacetylase inhibitor), EGR1 expression was significantly decreased and increased, respectively. In addition, treatment with 5-azacytidine (methyltransferase inhibitor) did not cause any significant change in EGR1 expression. Overexpression of EGR1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and EGR1 knockout promoted cell proliferation. Thus, EGR1 could be a novel prognostic factor for a favorable outcome in AML1-ETO-positive AML. The results of our study may explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable prognosis in AML1-ETO-positive AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang P, Chen JH, Guo XL. New insights into PTEN regulation mechanisms and its potential function in targeted therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:485-90. [PMID: 22902055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene of phosphatased activity. Its low or lacking expression closely relates with tumor progress and poor prognosis. The regulation and function ascribed to PTEN have become more diverse since its discovery as a putative phosphatase mutated in many human tumors. PTEN function is positively and negatively regulated at the transcriptional level, as well as post-translationally by phosphorylation, oxidation and acetylation. Deregulation of PTEN is implicated in other human diseases in addition to cancers, including diabetes and obesity, modulation of PTEN level has widespread therapeutic applications to those tumorigenesis and non-tumor diseases. This review will summarize the new points on the regulation of PTEN and briefly discuss the potential therapeutic role of PTEN in some diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kataoka F, Tsuda H, Arao T, Nishimura S, Tanaka H, Nomura H, Chiyoda T, Hirasawa A, Akahane T, Nishio H, Nishio K, Aoki D. EGRI and FOSB gene expressions in cancer stroma are independent prognostic indicators for epithelial ovarian cancer receiving standard therapy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 51:300-12. [PMID: 22095904 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal components interact with cancer cells to promote growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify genes expressed in stroma, which could provide prognostic information in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Seventy-four patients were included. We performed gene expression profiling and confirmed array data using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. By microarray analysis, 52 candidate genes associated with progression free survival (PFS) were identified (P < 0.005). Expression of the early growth response 1 (EGR1) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) genes was further analyzed. Array data were confirmed by RT-PCR and multivariate analysis demonstrated that both EGR1 and FOSB expression in cancer stroma, and EGR1 expression in cancer are independent prognostic factors in EOC. Immunohistochemically, EGR1 protein is localized in cancer cells and α-smooth muscle actin positive stromal fibroblasts. The EGR1 and FOSB expression in stromal cells and EGR1 expression in cancer cells are prognostic indicators in EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Kataoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
A gene signature distinguishing CD133hi from CD133- colorectal cancer cells: essential role for EGR1 and downstream factors. Pathology 2011; 43:220-7. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e328344e391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
39
|
Hsu CP, Kao TY, Chang WL, Nieh S, Wang HL, Chung YC. Clinical significance of tumor suppressor PTEN in colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010; 37:140-7. [PMID: 21194879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that the deletion, mutation, hypermethylation and subcellular location of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) are closely correlated with carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis of malignancy. Both mutation and the microsatellite instability of the PTEN gene influence regulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study investigated whether loss of nuclear PTEN is correlated with chemosensitivity, clinicopathological parameters and survival. METHODS Intracellular levels of PTEN of multiple cell lines of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were evaluated by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The chemosensitivity of cell lines with various expression levels of PTEN was evaluated using 5-flurouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin and irinotecan (CPT), and clinical significance was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of 133 CRC specimens. RESULTS Colon cancer cell lines HT-29, LoVo and SW480 differed in expression of PTEN, with high, moderate and low levels, respectively. HT-29 and LoVo PTEN expression was suppressed by a low concentration of 5-FU and oxaliplatin; however, SW480 was insensitive to these chemotherapeutic agents. Nuclear PTEN was overexpressed in most (>80%) normal colon mucosa samples, but the incidence significantly decreased (89.2% → 53.4%) in the CRC group. PTEN in the nucleus was negatively correlated with tumor size and vascular invasion in CRC, and CRC patients with negative PTEN expression in the nucleus exhibited poor survival. CONCLUSION Cell lines with a high expression of PTEN are sensitive to chemotherapy with 5-FU and oxaliplatin. Nuclear PTEN expression gradually decreases after malignant transformation, and loss of PTEN expression in the nucleus is associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sarver AL, Li L, Subramanian S. MicroRNA miR-183 functions as an oncogene by targeting the transcription factor EGR1 and promoting tumor cell migration. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9570-80. [PMID: 21118966 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor EGR1 is a tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated in many cancer types. Clinically, loss of EGR1 translates to increased tumor transformation and subsequent patient morbidity and mortality. In synovial sarcoma, the SS18-SSX fusion protein represses EGR1 expression through a direct association with the EGR1 promoter. However, the mechanism through which EGR1 becomes downregulated in other tumor types is unclear. Here, we report that EGR1 is regulated by microRNA (miR)-183 in multiple tumor types including synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and colon cancer. Using an integrative network analysis, we identified that miR-183 is significantly overexpressed in these tumor types as well as in corresponding tumor cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that miR-183 could target EGR1 mRNA and this specific interaction was validated in vitro. miR-183 knockdown in synovial sarcoma, RMS, and colon cancer cell lines revealed deregulation of a miRNA network composed of miR-183-EGR1-PTEN in these tumors. Integrated miRNA- and mRNA-based genomic analyses indicated that miR-183 is an important contributor to cell migration in these tumor types and this result was functionally validated to be occurring via an EGR1-based mechanism. In conclusion, our findings have significant implications in the mechanisms underlying EGR1 regulation in cancers. miR-183 has a potential oncogenic role through the regulation of 2 tumor suppressor genes, EGR1 and PTEN, and the deregulation of this fundamental miRNA regulatory network may be central to many tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Sarver
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mallakin A, Sugiyama T, Kai F, Taneja P, Kendig RD, Frazier DP, Maglic D, Matise LA, Willingham MC, Inoue K. The Arf-inducing transcription factor Dmp1 encodes a transcriptional activator of amphiregulin, thrombospondin-1, JunB and Egr1. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:1403-16. [PMID: 19816943 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dmp1 (Dmtf1) encodes a Myb-like transcription factor implicated in tumor suppression through direct activation of the Arf-p53 pathway. The human DMP1 gene is frequently deleted in non-small cell lung cancers, especially those that retain wild-type INK4a/ARF and/or p53. To identify novel genes that are regulated by Dmp1, transcriptional profiles of lung tissue from Dmp1-null and wild-type mice were generated using the GeneChip Microarray. Comparative analysis of gene expression changes between the two groups resulted in identification of numerous genes that may be regulated by Dmp1. Notably, amphiregulin (Areg), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), JunB, Egr1, adrenomedullin (Adm), Bcl-3 and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (Mbd1) were downregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-null mice while Gas1 and Ect2 genes were upregulated. These target genes were chosen for further analyses since they are involved in cell proliferation, transcription, angiogenesis/metastasis, apoptosis, or DNA methylation, and thus could account for the tumor suppressor phenotype of Dmp1. Dmp1 directly bound to the genomic loci of Areg, Tsp-1, JunB and Egr1. Significant upregulation or downregulation of the novel Dmp1 target genes was observed upon transient expression of Dmp1 in alveolar epithelial cells, an effect which was nullified by the inhibition of de novo mRNA synthesis. Interestingly, these genes and their protein products were significantly downregulated or upregulated in the lungs from Dmp1-heterozygous mice as well. Identification of novel Dmp1 target genes not only provides insights into the effects of Dmp1 on global gene expression, but also sheds light on the mechanism of haploid insufficiency of Dmp1 in tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mallakin
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Subramaniam M, Hawse JR, Rajamannan NM, Ingle JN, Spelsberg TC. Functional role of KLF10 in multiple disease processes. Biofactors 2010; 36:8-18. [PMID: 20087894 PMCID: PMC3104724 DOI: 10.1002/biof.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery by this laboratory of the zinc finger transcription factor, KLF10, a member of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors, there have been multiple publications regarding its functions and its immediate family members, in numerous cell types. KLF10 has been shown to be rapidly induced by TGFbeta1, 2, 3, E(2), epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein-2. TGFbeta inducible early gene-1 activates the TGFbeta-Smad signaling pathway via repression of Smad 7 expression and activation of Smad 2 expression and activity. Overall, KLF10 has been implicated in cell differentiation, as a target gene for a variety of signaling pathways, and in serving as a potential marker for human diseases such as breast cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, and osteoporosis. Like other KLF members, KLF10 is expressed in specific cell types in numerous tissues and is known to be involved in repressing cell proliferation and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis similar to that of TGFbeta. KLF10 binds to Sp-1-GC rich DNA sequences and can activate or repress the transcription of a number of genes. Overall, KLF10 has been shown to play a major role in the TGFbeta inhibition of cell proliferation and inflammation and induction of apoptosis, and its overexpression in human osteoblasts and pancreatic carcinoma cells mimics the actions of TGFbeta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malayannan Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jang KS, Song YS, Jang SH, Min KW, Na W, Jang SM, Jun YJ, Lee KH, Choi D, Paik SS. Clinicopathological significance of nuclear PTEN expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2010; 56:229-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
44
|
Aggarwal C, Borghaei H. Rational use of cetuximab in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2009; 2:251-60. [PMID: 20616912 PMCID: PMC2886327 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. Most NSCLC patients present with loco-regionally advanced or metastatic disease where response rates are low and median overall survival approximates 8 to 10 months. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for NSCLC patients with metastatic disease. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and family of receptors play a critical role in lung cancer tumorigenesis. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds the EGFR, has demonstrated preclinical and clinical activity against NSCLC. This review focuses on the use of cetuximab in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hossein Borghaei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Plowright L, Harrington KJ, Pandha HS, Morgan R. HOX transcription factors are potential therapeutic targets in non-small-cell lung cancer (targeting HOX genes in lung cancer). Br J Cancer 2009; 100:470-5. [PMID: 19156136 PMCID: PMC2658540 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes are a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine the identity of cells and tissues during embryonic development. They are also known to behave as oncogenes in some haematological malignancies. In this study, we show that the expression of many of the HOX genes is highly elevated in primary non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and in the derived cell lines A549 and H23. Furthermore, blocking the activity of HOX proteins by interfering with their binding to the PBX co-factor causes these cells to undergo apoptosis in vitro and reduces the growth of A549 tumours in vivo. These findings suggest that the interaction between HOX and PBX proteins is a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Plowright
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - K J Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H S Pandha
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - R Morgan
- Postgraduate Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Thompson CA, Burcham PC. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Responses to Acrolein. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2245-56. [DOI: 10.1021/tx8001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Thompson
- Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philip C. Burcham
- Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lübbert M, Müller-Tidow C, Hofmann WK, Koeffler HP. Advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: From chromosomal aberrations to biologically targeted therapy. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:2059-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
48
|
Nolte F, Hofmann WK. Myelodysplastic syndromes: molecular pathogenesis and genomic changes. Ann Hematol 2008; 87:777-95. [PMID: 18516602 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis presenting with peripheral cytopenias in combination with a hyperplastic bone marrow and an increased risk of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia. The classification systems such as the WHO classification mainly rely on morphological criteria and are supplemented by the International Prognostic Scoring System which takes cytogenetical changes into consideration when determining the prognosis of MDS but wide intra-subtype variations do exist. The pathomechanisms causing primary MDS require further work. Development and progression of MDS is suggested to be a multistep alteration to hematopoietic stem cells. Different molecular alterations have been described, affecting genes involved in cell-cycle control, mitotic checkpoints, and growth factor receptors. Secondary signal proteins and transcription factors, which gives the cell a growth advantage over its normal counterpart, may be affected as well. The accumulation of such defects may finally cause the leukemic transformation of MDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nolte
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN dephosphorylates phospholipids generated through the activity of PI3K. PTEN thus antagonizes PI3K activity and regulates a multitude of cellular processes such as angiogenesis, motility, invasiveness, survival and proliferation, all of which can initiate and sustain the malignant phenotype. Although PTEN's lipid phosphatase activity is key to its tumor suppressive functions, it also dephosphorylates protein substrates and interacts with other key regulatory molecules, salient among them the tumor suppressor p53. Given the critical roles of PTEN in cellular homeostasis, it is not surprising that both PTEN expression levels and PTEN protein activities are tightly controlled by a complex conglomeration of molecules that regulate post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, transcriptional activation and transcriptional repression. As one of the most commonly altered molecules in human disease, PTEN plays an important role in a myriad of signaling cascades, and plays a central role in normal brain development and brain tumor pathogenesis. As such it influences prognosis of human cancer, predicts response to therapy, constitutes the lynchpin of genetic syndromes, and may underlie neurocognitive abnormalities such as autism spectrum disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, targeting PTEN and its signaling affiliates sows the seeds for combating not only cancer but also neurocognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1708, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Harvey RD, Lonial S. PI3 kinase/AKT pathway as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2008; 3:639-47. [PMID: 18041916 DOI: 10.2217/14796694.3.6.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel therapies for multiple myeloma depends on a comprehensive understanding of the events leading to cellular proliferation and survival. Controlling pathways that regulate growth signals is an emerging and complementary approach to myeloma treatment. The PI3K/Akt pathway is a central gatekeeper for crucial cellular functions including adhesion, angiogenesis, migration and development of drug resistance. Established proteins and genes such as mTOR, p53, NF-kappaB and BAD are all regulated through PI3K and Akt activation, making them attractive targets for broad downstream effects. Direct PI3K inhibition has demonstrated impressive tumor inhibition and regression in cell-line and animal models, and multiple agents including SF1126 are currently in clinical trials. Drugs such as perifosine that are specific for Akt are also in development. Combinations of these agents with existing therapies are rational approaches on the path to improving myeloma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Donald Harvey
- Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, 1365 C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|