1
|
Athira KV, Sadanandan P, Chakravarty S. Repurposing Vorinostat for the Treatment of Disorders Affecting Brain. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:449-465. [PMID: 33948878 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on the findings in recent years, we summarize the therapeutic potential of vorinostat (VOR), the first approved histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in disorders of brain, and strategies to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects. Scientific evidences provide a strong case for the therapeutic utility of VOR in various disorders affecting brain, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, epilepsy, Niemann-Pick type C disease, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Further elucidation of the neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties of VOR using proper clinical study designs could provide momentum towards its clinical application. To improve the therapeutic prospect, concerns on systemic toxicity and off-target actions need to be addressed along with the improvement in formulation and delivery aspects, especially with respect to solubility, permeability, and pharmacokinetic properties. Newer approaches in this regard include poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(DL-lactic acid) micelles, VOR-pluronic F127 micelles, encapsulation of iron complexes of VOR into PEGylated liposomes, human serum albumin bound VOR nanomedicine, magnetically guided layer-by-layer assembled nanocarriers, as well as convection-enhanced delivery. Even though targeting specific class or isoform of HDAC is projected as advantageous over pan-HDAC inhibitor like VOR, in terms of adverse effects and efficacy, till clinical validation, the idea is debated. As the VOR treatment-related adverse changes are mostly found reversible, further optimization of the therapeutic strategies with respect to dose, dosage regimen, and formulations of VOR could propel its clinical prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K V Athira
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant Sadanandan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhabha FK, McCormack C, Wells J, Campbell BA, Newland K, Lade S, Buelens O, Joske D, Shortt J, Mapp S, Radeski D, Hertzberg M, Khot A, Van Der Weyden C, Khoo C, Hawkes E, Prince HM. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: Australian clinical practice statement. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 62:e8-e18. [PMID: 33368169 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of T- and B-cell lymphomas with distinct clinical presentations, histopathologic features, treatment approaches and outcomes. The cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, which include mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, account for the majority of the cutaneous lymphomas. This Clinical Practice Statement is reflective of the current clinical practice in Australia. An expanded form of the Clinical Practice Statement (and updates), along with helpful patient resources and access to support groups, can be found at the following (http://www.australasianlymphomaalliance.org.au).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friyana K Bhabha
- Department of Dermatology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher McCormack
- Department of Dermatology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian Wells
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda A Campbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Newland
- Department of Dermatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Lade
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Odette Buelens
- Nurse Practitioner, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Joske
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Mapp
- Haematology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dejan Radeski
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Hertzberg
- Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carrie Van Der Weyden
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliza Hawkes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Miles Prince
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berkowski WM, Gibson DJ, Seo S, Proietto LR, Whitley RD, Schultz GS, Plummer CE. Assessment of Topical Therapies for Improving the Optical Clarity Following Stromal Wounding in a Novel Ex Vivo Canine Cornea Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:5509-5521. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William M. Berkowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel J. Gibson
- Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - SooJung Seo
- Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Laura R. Proietto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - R. David Whitley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Gregory S. Schultz
- Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Caryn E. Plummer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skouta R. The Legacy of Professor Ronald Charles D. Breslow. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
T-Cell Lymphomas. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
6
|
Sorge CE, McDaniel JK, Xavier AC. Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Present and Future. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E28. [PMID: 27213405 PMCID: PMC4932546 DOI: 10.3390/ph9020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) are a diverse group of malignancies and as such treatment can vary based on the different biological characteristics of each malignancy. Significant advancements are being made in the treatment and outcomes of this group of malignancies. This is in large part due to novel targeted drug therapies that are being used in combination with traditional chemotherapy. Here, we discuss several new lines of therapy that are being developed or are in current use for pediatric patients with NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caryn E Sorge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Jenny K McDaniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Ana C Xavier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Epping MT, Bernards R. Molecular basis of the anti-cancer effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:16-20. [PMID: 18765293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors comprise a variety of natural and synthetic compounds, which have in common that they inhibit enzymes that mediate the removal of acetyl groups from a range of proteins, including nucleosomal histones. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo and are used in the clinic for the treatment of advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma. The molecular pathways targeted by these compounds are discussed with an emphasis on the effects of these compounds on retinoic acid signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam T Epping
- Center for Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases are enzymes that regulate chromatin structure and function through the removal and addition, respectively, of the acetyl group from the lysine residues of core nucleosomal histones. This posttranslational modification of histones is an important process in the regulation of gene expression. Aberrant expression and recruitment and disrupted activities of HDACs and histone acetyltransferases have been found in malignant tissues, implicating their involvement in cancer. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) function through diverse mechanisms, including the promotion of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and the inhibition of angiogenesis. Malignant cells appear more sensitive to the proapoptotic effects of HDACIs, underscoring the therapeutic potential of these agents. Multiple HDACIs are currently under investigation in clinical trials, including vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), which was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients with progressive, persistent, or recurrent disease on or after 2 systemic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Mehnert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520-8032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramalingam SS, Parise RA, Ramanathan RK, Ramananthan RK, Lagattuta TF, Musguire LA, Stoller RG, Potter DM, Argiris AE, Zwiebel JA, Egorin MJ, Belani CP. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3605-10. [PMID: 17510206 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine the recommended phase II doses of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat when administered in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients (N = 28) with advanced solid malignancies were treated with vorinostat, administered orally once daily for 2 weeks or twice daily for 1 week, every 3 weeks. Carboplatin and paclitaxel were administered i.v. once every 3 weeks. Doses of vorinostat and paclitaxel were escalated in sequential cohorts of three patients. The pharmacokinetics of vorinostat, its metabolites, and paclitaxel were characterized. RESULTS Vorinostat was administered safely up to 400 mg qd or 300 mg bd with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Two of 12 patients at the 400 mg qd schedule experienced dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 emesis and grade 4 neutropenia with fever. Non-dose-limiting toxicity included nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Of 25 patients evaluable for response, partial responses occurred in 11 (10 non-small cell lung cancer and 1 head and neck cancer) and stable disease occurred in 7. Vorinostat pharmacokinetics were linear over the dose range studied. Vorinostat area under the concentration versus time curve and half-life increased when vorinostat was coadministered with carboplatin and paclitaxel, but vorinostat did not alter paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS Both schedules of vorinostat (400 mg oral qd x 14 days or 300 mg bd x 7 days) were tolerated well in combination with carboplatin (area under the concentration versus time curve = 6 mg/mL x min) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m(2)). Encouraging anticancer activity was noted in patients with previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh S Ramalingam
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rasheed WK, Johnstone RW, Prince HM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:659-78. [PMID: 17461739 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histones are a family of nuclear proteins that interact with DNA, resulting in DNA being wrapped around a core of histone octamer within the nucleosome. Acetylation/deacetylation of histones is an important mechanism that regulates gene expression and chromatin remodeling. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of chemotherapeutic drugs that regulate gene expression by enhancing the acetylation of histones, and thus inducing chromatin relaxation and altering gene expression. HDAC inhibitors have been shown in preclinical studies to have potent anticancer activities. A range of structurally diverse HDAC inhibitors have been purified as natural products or synthetically produced. Due to the promising preclinical activity of these agents, numerous clinical trials have been initiated. In this review, the results of published data of single agent and combination trials of these drugs are reviewed, with a focus on dosing, scheduling and toxicity. Although still early in drug development, there is a picture that is starting to develop as to the common toxicities and which tumors seem to be the most susceptible to this class of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid K Rasheed
- Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gallinari P, Di Marco S, Jones P, Pallaoro M, Steinkühler C. HDACs, histone deacetylation and gene transcription: from molecular biology to cancer therapeutics. Cell Res 2007; 17:195-211. [PMID: 17325692 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases (HATs) are two counteracting enzyme families whose enzymatic activity controls the acetylation state of protein lysine residues, notably those contained in the N-terminal extensions of the core histones. Acetylation of histones affects gene expression through its influence on chromatin conformation. In addition, several non-histone proteins are regulated in their stability or biological function by the acetylation state of specific lysine residues. HDACs intervene in a multitude of biological processes and are part of a multiprotein family in which each member has its specialized functions. In addition, HDAC activity is tightly controlled through targeted recruitment, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Control of cell cycle progression, cell survival and differentiation are among the most important roles of these enzymes. Since these processes are affected by malignant transformation, HDAC inhibitors were developed as antineoplastic drugs and are showing encouraging efficacy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gallinari
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti-IRBM-Merck Research Laboratories Rome, Pomezia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The path to the discovery of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat) began over three decades ago with our studies designed to understand why dimethylsulfoxide causes terminal differentiation of the virus-transformed cells, murine erythroleukemia cells. SAHA can cause growth arrest and death of a broad variety of transformed cells both in vitro and in vivo at concentrations that have little or no toxic effects on normal cells. It was discovered that SAHA inhibits the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), including all 11 known human class I and class II HDACs. HDACs have many protein targets whose structure and function are altered by acetylation including histones and non-histone proteins component of transcription factors controlling gene expression and proteins that regulate cell proliferation, migration and death. SAHA is in clinical trials and has significant anticancer activity against both hematologic and solid tumors at doses well tolerated by patients. A new drug application has been approved for SAHA (vorinostat) treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Marks
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Efficacy and tolerability of currently available therapies for the mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 33:146-60. [PMID: 17275192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The characteristic clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features and prognoses of the various cutaneous lymphomas have been recently described by the World Health Organization and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma variants include mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, which are generally associated, respectively, with indolent and aggressive clinical courses and are the subject of this review. Currently utilized treatments for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma include skin-directed therapies (topical agents such as corticosteroids, mechlorethamine, carmustine, and retinoids, phototherapy, superficial radiotherapy, and total skin electron beam therapy), systemic therapies (photophoresis, retinoids, denileukin diftitox, interferons, and chemotherapy), and stem cell transplantation (autologous and allogeneic). This review will describe recent advances in our understanding of the biology (immunologic, cytogenetic, and genetic) of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and discuss the efficacy and tolerability of the current therapeutic options for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Disease progression in over 20% of patients with early stages of disease and the current lack of a definitive treatment which produces durable responses in advanced stages of disease indicates a critical unmet need in CTCL. New insights into the molecular and immunologic changes associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas should ultimately lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of improved therapeutic options for patients with these malignancies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Duvic M, Talpur R, Ni X, Zhang C, Hazarika P, Kelly C, Chiao JH, Reilly JF, Ricker JL, Richon VM, Frankel SR. Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Blood 2007; 109:31-9. [PMID: 16960145 PMCID: PMC1785068 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-025999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity and safety of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) were evaluated in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Group 1 received vorinostat 400 mg daily, group 2 received vorinostat 300 mg twice daily for 3 days with 4 days rest, and group 3 received vorinostat 300 mg twice daily for 14 days with 7 days rest followed by 200 mg twice daily. Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary objective was to determine the complete and partial response (PR) rate. Time to response (TTR), time to progressive disease (TTP), response duration (DOR), pruritus relief, and safety were determined. Thirty-three patients who had received a median of 5 prior therapies were enrolled. Eight patients achieved a PR, including 7 with advanced disease and 4 with Sézary syndrome. The median TTR, DOR, and TTP for responders were 11.9, 15.1, and 30.2 weeks, respectively. Fourteen of 31 evaluable patients had pruritus relief. The most common drug-related AEs were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and nausea. The most common grade 3 or 4 drug-related AEs were thrombocytopenia and dehydration. Vorinostat demonstrated activity in heavily pretreated patients with CTCL. The 400 mg daily regimen had the most favorable safety profile and is being further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 434, Houston, TX 77030-4409, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jones P, Altamura S, Chakravarty PK, Cecchetti O, Francesco RD, Gallinari P, Ingenito R, Meinke PT, Petrocchi A, Rowley M, Scarpelli R, Serafini S, Steinkühler C. A series of novel, potent, and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5948-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|