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Peng X, Li L, Chen J, Ren Y, Liu J, Yu Z, Cao H, Chen J. Discovery of Novel Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors with Enhanced Antitumor Immunity of Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2434-2457. [PMID: 35043615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylthiazole analogues were designed and synthesized as potential histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors based on compound 12c (an HDAC6/tubulin dual inhibitor discovered by us recently) and CAY10603 (a known HDAC6 inhibitor). Among them, compound XP5 was the most potent HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 31 nM and excellent HDAC6 selectivity (SI = 338 for HDAC6 over HDAC3). XP5 also displayed high antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines including the HDACi-resistant YCC3/7 gastric cancer cells (IC50 = 0.16-2.31 μM), better than CAY10603. Further, XP5 (50 mg/kg) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy in a melanoma tumor model with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 63% without apparent toxicity. Moreover, XP5 efficiently enhanced the in vivo antitumor immune response when combined with a small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitor, as demonstrated by the increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and reduced PD-L1 expression levels. Taken together, the above results suggest that XP5 is a promising HDAC6 inhibitor deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Yichang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Ziwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Hao Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516000, China
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2
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Toutah K, Nawar N, Timonen S, Sorger H, Raouf YS, Bukhari S, von Jan J, Ianevski A, Gawel JM, Olaoye OO, Geletu M, Abdeldayem A, Israelian J, Radu TB, Sedighi A, Bhatti MN, Hassan MM, Manaswiyoungkul P, Shouksmith AE, Neubauer HA, de Araujo ED, Aittokallio T, Krämer OH, Moriggl R, Mustjoki S, Herling M, Gunning PT. Development of HDAC Inhibitors Exhibiting Therapeutic Potential in T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8486-8509. [PMID: 34101461 PMCID: PMC8237267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic targeting has emerged as an efficacious therapy for hematological cancers. The rare and incurable T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is known for its aggressive clinical course. Current epigenetic agents such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are increasingly used for targeted therapy. Through a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we developed an HDAC6 inhibitor KT-531, which exhibited higher potency in T-PLL compared to other hematological cancers. KT-531 displayed strong HDAC6 inhibitory potency and selectivity, on-target biological activity, and a safe therapeutic window in nontransformed cell lines. In primary T-PLL patient cells, where HDAC6 was found to be overexpressed, KT-531 exhibited strong biological responses, and safety in healthy donor samples. Notably, combination studies in T-PLL patient samples demonstrated KT-531 synergizes with approved cancer drugs, bendamustine, idasanutlin, and venetoclax. Our work suggests HDAC inhibition in T-PLL could afford sufficient therapeutic windows to achieve durable remission either as stand-alone or in combination with targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krimo Toutah
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Nabanita Nawar
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sanna Timonen
- Hematology
Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University
Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- Translational
Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and
Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Sorger
- Institute
of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jana von Jan
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
(CIO ABCD), University of Cologne (UoC), 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence
Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases
(CECAD), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justyna M. Gawel
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O. Olaoye
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tudor B. Radu
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Muzaffar N. Bhatti
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Murtaza Hassan
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew E. Shouksmith
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute
of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Centre
for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto
Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga
Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre
for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University
of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Department
of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute
of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology
Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University
Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- Translational
Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and
Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine
Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
(CIO ABCD), University of Cologne (UoC), 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence
Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases
(CECAD), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Centre
for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto
Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga
Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Olaoye OO, Watson PR, Nawar N, Geletu M, Sedighi A, Bukhari S, Raouf YS, Manaswiyoungkul P, Erdogan F, Abdeldayem A, Cabral AD, Hassan MM, Toutah K, Shouksmith AE, Gawel JM, Israelian J, Radu TB, Kachhiyapatel N, de Araujo ED, Christianson DW, Gunning PT. Unique Molecular Interaction with the Histone Deacetylase 6 Catalytic Tunnel: Crystallographic and Biological Characterization of a Model Chemotype. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2691-2704. [PMID: 33576627 PMCID: PMC8063965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in multiple regulatory processes, ranging from cellular stress to intracellular transport. Inhibition of aberrant HDAC6 activity in several cancers and neurological diseases has been shown to be efficacious in both preclinical and clinical studies. While selective HDAC6 targeting has been pursued as an alternative to pan-HDAC drugs, identifying truly selective molecular templates has not been trivial. Herein, we report a structure-activity relationship study yielding TO-317, which potently binds HDAC6 catalytic domain 2 (Ki = 0.7 nM) and inhibits the enzyme function (IC50 = 2 nM). TO-317 exhibits 158-fold selectivity for HDAC6 over other HDAC isozymes by binding the catalytic Zn2+ and, uniquely, making a never seen before direct hydrogen bond with the Zn2+ coordinating residue, His614. This novel structural motif targeting the second-sphere His614 interaction, observed in a 1.84 Å resolution crystal structure with drHDAC6 from zebrafish, can provide new pharmacophores for identifying enthalpically driven, high-affinity, HDAC6-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olasunkanmi O. Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paris R. Watson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Nabanita Nawar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Fettah Erdogan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Cabral
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Murtaza Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Andrew E. Shouksmith
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Justyna M. Gawel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tudor B. Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Niyati Kachhiyapatel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Potor L, Sikura KÉ, Hegedűs H, Pethő D, Szabó Z, Szigeti ZM, Pócsi I, Trencsényi G, Szikra D, Garai I, Gáll T, Combi Z, Kappelmayer J, Balla G, Balla J. The Fungal Iron Chelator Desferricoprogen Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134746. [PMID: 32635347 PMCID: PMC7369830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin, heme and iron are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated whether the hydrophobic fungal iron chelator siderophore, desferricoprogen (DFC) inhibits atherosclerosis. DFC reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice on an atherogenic diet. It lowered the plasma level of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and inhibited lipid peroxidation in aortic roots. The elevated collagen/elastin content and enhanced expression of adhesion molecule VCAM-1 were decreased. DFC diminished oxidation of Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) and plaque lipids catalyzed by heme or hemoglobin. Formation of foam cells, uptake of oxLDL by macrophages, upregulation of CD36 and increased expression of TNF-α were reduced by DFC in macrophages. TNF-triggered endothelial cell activation (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), E-selectin) and increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelium were attenuated. The increased endothelial permeability and intracellular gap formation provoked by TNF-α was also prevented by DFC. DFC acted as a cytoprotectant in endothelial cells and macrophages challenged with a lethal dose of oxLDL and lowered the expression of stress-responsive heme oxygenase-1 as sublethal dose was employed. Saturation of desferrisiderophore with iron led to the loss of the beneficial effects. We demonstrated that DFC accumulated within the atheromas of the aorta in ApoE-/- mice. DFC represents a novel therapeutic approach to control the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (K.É.S.); (T.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
| | - Katalin Éva Sikura
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (K.É.S.); (T.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
| | - Hajnalka Hegedűs
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zsuzsa Szabó
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.M.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Zsuzsa M Szigeti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.M.S.); (I.P.)
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.M.S.); (I.P.)
| | - György Trencsényi
- Scanomed Ltd., University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Scanomed Ltd., University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Ildikó Garai
- Scanomed Ltd., University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (D.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (K.É.S.); (T.G.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zsolt Combi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (K.É.S.); (T.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (J.B.)
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.P.); (K.É.S.); (T.G.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.H.); (D.P.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (J.B.)
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5
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Takebe N, Beumer JH, Kummar S, Kiesel BF, Dowlati A, O'Sullivan Coyne G, Piekarz R, Rubinstein L, Fogli LK, Vaishampayan U, Goel S, O'Bryant CL, El‐Rayes BF, Chung V, Lenz H, Kim R, Belani CP, Tuscano JM, Schelman W, Moore N, Doroshow JH, Chen AP. A phase I pharmacokinetic study of belinostat in patients with advanced cancers and varying degrees of liver dysfunction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:2499-2511. [PMID: 31271459 PMCID: PMC6848909 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat has activity in various cancers. Because belinostat is metabolized by the liver, reduced hepatic clearance could lead to excessive drug accumulation and increased toxicity. Safety data in patients with liver dysfunction are needed for this drug to reach its full potential in the clinic. METHODS We performed a phase 1 trial to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics of belinostat in patients with advanced cancer and varying degrees of liver dysfunction. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were enrolled and divided into cohorts based on liver function. In patients with mild dysfunction, the MTD was the same as the recommended phase 2 dose (1000 mg/m2 /day). Belinostat was well tolerated in patients with moderate and severe liver dysfunction, although the trial was closed before the MTD in these cohorts could be determined. The mean clearance of belinostat was 661 mL/min/m2 in patients with normal liver function, compared to 542, 505 and 444 mL/min/m2 in patients with mild, moderate and severe hepatic dysfunction. Although this trial was not designed to assess clinical activity, of the 47 patients evaluable for response, 13 patients (28%) experienced stable disease. CONCLUSION While a statistically significant difference in clearance indicates increased belinostat exposure with worsening liver function, no relationship was observed between belinostat exposure and toxicity. An assessment of belinostat metabolites revealed significant differences in metabolic pathway capability in patients with differing levels of liver dysfunction. Further studies are needed to establish formal dosing guidelines in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics ProgramUPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPAUSA
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brian F. Kiesel
- Cancer Therapeutics ProgramUPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Geraldine O'Sullivan Coyne
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Richard Piekarz
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Lawrence Rubinstein
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Laura K. Fogli
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Sanjay Goel
- Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | | | - Heinz‐Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Richard Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Chandra P. Belani
- Penn State Cancer InstitutePenn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPAUSA
| | - Joseph M. Tuscano
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCAUSA
| | | | - Nancy Moore
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - James H. Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
- Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Alice P. Chen
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Developmental Therapeutics Clinic, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMDUSA
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6
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Zhai C, He S, Ye Y, Rangger C, Kaeopookum P, Summer D, Haas H, Kremser L, Lindner H, Foster J, Sosabowski J, Decristoforo C. Rational Design, Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of Novel Fusarinine C-Based Chelators for Radiolabeling with Zirconium-89. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030091. [PMID: 30845658 PMCID: PMC6468543 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarinine C (FSC) has recently been shown to be a promising and novel chelator for 89Zr. Here, FSC has been further derivatized to optimize the complexation properties of FSC-based chelators for 89Zr-labeling by introducing additional carboxylic groups. These were expected to improve the stability of 89Zr-complexes by saturating the 8-coordination sphere of [89Zr] Zr4+, and also to introduce functionalities suitable for conjugation to targeting vectors such as monoclonal antibodies. For proof of concept, succinic acid derivatization at the amine groups of FSC was carried out, resulting in FSC(succ)2 and FSC(succ)3. FSC(succ)2 was further derivatized to FSC(succ)2 AA by reacting with acetic anhydride (AA). The Zr4+ complexation properties of these chelators were studied by reacting with ZrCl4. Partition coefficient, protein binding, serum stability, acid dissociation, and transchelation studies of 89Zr-complexes were carried out in vitro and the results were compared with those for 89Zr-desferrioxamine B ([89Zr]Zr-DFO) and 89Zr-triacetylfusarinine C ([89Zr]Zr-TAFC). The in vivo properties of [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 were further compared with [89Zr]Zr-TAFC in BALB/c mice using micro-positron emission tomography/computer tomography (microPET/CT) imaging. Fusarinine C (succ)2AA and FSC(succ)3 were synthesized with satisfactory yields. Complexation with ZrCl4 was achieved using a simple strategy resulting in high-purity Zr-FSC(succ)2AA and Zr-FSC(succ)3 with 1:1 stoichiometry. Distribution coefficients of 89Zr-complexes revealed increased hydrophilic character compared to [89Zr]Zr-TAFC. All radioligands showed high stability in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and human serum and low protein-bound activity over a period of seven days. Acid dissociation and transchelation studies exhibited a range of in vitro stabilities following the order: [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 > [89Zr]Zr-TAFC > [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)2AA >> [89Zr]Zr-DFO. Biodistribution studies of [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 revealed a slower excretion pattern compared to [89Zr]Zr-TAFC. In conclusion, [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)3 showed the best stability and inertness. The promising results obtained with [89Zr]Zr-FSC(succ)2AA highlight the potential of FSC(succ)2 as a monovalent chelator for conjugation to targeted biomolecules, in particular, monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangyan Zhai
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Shanzhen He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yunjie Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Piriya Kaeopookum
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Leopold Kremser
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Julie Foster
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, UK.
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, UK.
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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7
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Lv Y, Xu C, Zhao X, Lin C, Yang X, Xin X, Zhang L, Qin C, Han X, Yang L, He W, Yin L. Nanoplatform Assembled from a CD44-Targeted Prodrug and Smart Liposomes for Dual Targeting of Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Cells. ACS Nano 2018; 12:1519-1536. [PMID: 29350904 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, a therapy that combines chemotherapeutic drugs with a TME modulator could be a promising route for cancer treatment. This paper reports a nanoplatform self-assembled from a hyaluronic acid (HA)-paclitaxel (PTX) (HA-PTX) prodrug and marimastat (MATT)-loaded thermosensitive liposomes (LTSLs) (MATT-LTSLs) for the dual targeting of the TME and cancer cells. Interestingly, the prodrug HA-PTX can self-assemble on both positively and negatively charged liposomes, forming hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs, 100 nm). Triggered by mild hyperthermia, HA-PTX/MATT-LTSLs HNPs rapidly release their payloads into the extracellular environment, and the released HA-PTX quickly enters 4T1 cells through a CD44-HA affinity. The HNPs possess promoted tumor accumulation (1.6-fold), exhibit deep tumor penetration, and significantly inhibit the tumor growth (10-fold), metastasis (100%), and angiogenesis (10-fold). Importantly, by targeting the TME and maintaining its integrity via inhibiting the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (>5-fold), blocking the fibroblast activation by downregulating the TGF-β1 expression (5-fold) and suppressing the degradation of extracellular matrix, the HNPs allow for significant metastasis inhibition. Overall, these findings indicate that a prodrug of an HA-hydrophobic-active compound and liposomes can be self-assembled into a smart nanoplatform for the dual targeting of the TME and tumor cells and efficient combined treatment; additionally, the co-delivery of MATT and HA-PTX with the HNPs is a promising approach for the treatment of metastatic cancer. This study creates opportunities for fabricating multifunctional nanodevices and offers an efficient strategy for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chenshi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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8
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Moj D, Britz H, Burhenne J, Stewart CF, Egerer G, Haefeli WE, Lehr T. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat for pediatric and adult patients and its application for dose specification. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:1013-1026. [PMID: 28988277 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at recommending pediatric dosages of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat and potentially more effective adult dosing regimens than the approved standard dosing regimen of 400 mg/day, using a comprehensive physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling approach. METHODS A PBPK/PD model for vorinostat was developed for predictions in adults and children. It includes the maturation of relevant metabolizing enzymes. The PBPK model was expanded by (1) effect compartments to describe vorinostat concentration-time profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), (2) an indirect response model to predict the HDAC inhibition, and (3) a thrombocyte model to predict the dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. Parameterization of drug and system-specific processes was based on published and unpublished in silico, in vivo, and in vitro data. The PBPK modeling software used was PK-Sim and MoBi. RESULTS The PBPK/PD model suggests dosages of 80 and 230 mg/m2 for children of 0-1 and 1-17 years of age, respectively. In comparison with the approved standard treatment, in silico trials reveal 11 dosing regimens (9 oral, and 2 intravenous infusion rates) increasing the HDAC inhibition by an average of 31%, prolonging the HDAC inhibition by 181%, while only decreasing the circulating thrombocytes to a tolerable 53%. The most promising dosing regimen prolongs the HDAC inhibition by 509%. CONCLUSIONS Thoroughly developed PBPK models enable dosage recommendations in pediatric patients and integrated PBPK/PD models, considering PD biomarkers (e.g., HDAC activity and platelet count), are well suited to guide future efficacy trials by identifying dosing regimens potentially superior to standard dosing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moj
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2 2, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Hannah Britz
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2 2, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gerlinde Egerer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus C2 2, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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9
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Soria JC, Gan HK, Blagden SP, Plummer R, Arkenau HT, Ranson M, Evans TRJ, Zalcman G, Bahleda R, Hollebecque A, Lemech C, Dean E, Brown J, Gibson D, Peddareddigari V, Murray S, Nebot N, Mazumdar J, Swartz L, Auger KR, Fleming RA, Singh R, Millward M. A phase I, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of GSK2256098, a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:2268-2274. [PMID: 27733373 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important in cancer growth, survival, invasion, and migration. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the FAK inhibitor, GSK2256098, in cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS The dose of GSK2256098 was escalated, in cohorts of patients with advanced cancer, from 80 to 1500 mg, oral twice daily (BID), until the MTD was determined. Serial blood samples were obtained from all patients, and the PK was determined. Paired tumor biopsies were obtained in select patients, and the level of phospho-FAK (pFAK) was determined. RESULTS Sixty-two patients (39 males, 23 females; median age 61 y.o., range 21-84) received GSK2256098. Dose-limiting toxicities of grade 2 proteinuria (1000 mg BID), grade 2 fatigue, nausea, vomiting (1250 mg BID), and grade 3 asthenia and grade 2 fatigue (1500 mg BID) were reported with the MTD identified as 1000 mg BID. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were nausea (76%), diarrhea (65%), vomiting (58%), and decreased appetite (47%) with the majority of AEs being grades 1-2. The PK was generally dose proportional with a geometric mean elimination half-life range of 4-9 h. At the 750, 1000, and 1500 mg BID dose levels evaluated, the pFAK, Y397 autophosphorylation site, was reduced by ∼80% from baseline. Minor responses were observed in a patient with melanoma (-26%) and three patients with mesothelioma (-13%, -15%, and -17%). In the 29 patients with recurrent mesothelioma, the median progression-free survival was 12 weeks with 95% CI 9.1, 23.4 weeks (23.4 weeks merlin negative, n = 14; 11.4 weeks merlin positive, n = 9; 10.9 weeks merlin status unknown, n = 6). CONCLUSIONS GSK2256098 has an acceptable safety profile, has evidence of target engagement at doses at or below the MTD, and has clinical activity in patients with mesothelioma, particularly those with merlin loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Soria
- Drug Development Department at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - H K Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S P Blagden
- Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London
| | - R Plummer
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle
| | | | - M Ranson
- University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester
| | - T R J Evans
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Zalcman
- Early Phases Clinical Trials Unit at Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - R Bahleda
- Drug Development Department at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - A Hollebecque
- Drug Development Department at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - C Lemech
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, London
| | - E Dean
- University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester
| | - J Brown
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Gibson
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - V Peddareddigari
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - S Murray
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - N Nebot
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - J Mazumdar
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - L Swartz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - K R Auger
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - R A Fleming
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - R Singh
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC and Upper Providence, Collegeville, USA
| | - M Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
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10
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Savelieva M, Woo MM, Schran H, Mu S, Nedelman J, Capdeville R. Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral panobinostat in patients with hematologic and solid tumors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:663-672. [PMID: 25939707 PMCID: PMC4430599 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of panobinostat, a pan-deacetylase inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS A nonlinear mixed-effect model was used to fit plasma panobinostat concentration-time data collected from patients across 14 phase 1 and phase 2 trials following either oral or intravenous (IV) administration. The model was used to estimate bioavailabilities of the two oral formulations and the effects of demographic and clinical covariates on the central volume of distribution and clearance of panobinostat. RESULTS A total of 7834 samples from 581 patients were analyzed. Panobinostat pharmacokinetic parameters were best characterized by a three-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Bioavailability was 21.4 %. Median clearance was 33.1 L/h. Interindividual variability in clearance was 74 %. For Caucasian patients of median age 61 years, area under the curve (AUC) decreased from 104 to 88 ng · h/mL as body surface area (BSA) increased from the first to third quartiles, 1.8 to 2.1 m(2). For Caucasian patients of median BSA 1.9 m(2), AUC decreased from 102 to 95 ng · h/mL as age increased from the first to third quartiles, 51 to 70 years. For patients of median BSA and median age, AUC ranged across the four race categories from 80 to 116 ng · h/mL. Covariate analysis showed no impact on panobinostat clearance and volume by patients' sex, tumor type, kidney function, liver markers, or coadministered medications. However, separate analyses of dedicated studies have demonstrated effects of liver impairment and CYP3A4 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Although covariate analyses revealed significant effects of body size, age, and race on panobinostat pharmacokinetics, these effects were minor compared to the interindividual variability and therefore not clinically relevant when dosing panobinostat in populations similar to those studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret M Woo
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Horst Schran
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Song Mu
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Jerry Nedelman
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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How J, Minden MD, Brian L, Chen EX, Brandwein J, Schuh AC, Schimmer AD, Gupta V, Webster S, Degelder T, Haines P, Stayner LA, McGill S, Wang L, Piekarz R, Wong T, Siu LL, Espinoza-Delgado I, Holleran JL, Egorin MJ, Yee KWL. A phase I trial of two sequence-specific schedules of decitabine and vorinostat in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2793-802. [PMID: 25682963 PMCID: PMC4688006 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1018248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This phase I trial evaluated two schedules of escalating vorinostat in combination with decitabine every 28 days: (i) sequential or (ii) concurrent. There were three dose-limiting toxicities: grade 3 fatigue and generalized muscle weakness on the sequential schedule (n = 1) and grade 3 fatigue on the concurrent schedule (n = 2). The maximum tolerated dose was not reached on both planned schedules. The overall response rate (ORR) was 23% (three complete response [CR], two CR with incomplete incomplete blood count recovery [CRi], one partial response [PR] and two morphological leukemic free state [MLFS]). The ORR for all and previously untreated patients in the sequential arm was 13% (one CRi; one MLFS) and 0% compared to 30% (three CR; one CRi; one PR; one MLFS) and 36% in the concurrent arm (p = 0.26 for both), respectively. Decitabine plus vorinostat was safe and has clinical activity in patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. Responses appear higher with the concurrent dose schedule. Cumulative toxicities may limit long-term usage on the current dose/schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan How
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Leber Brian
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Eric X Chen
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | | | - Andre C Schuh
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | | | - Vikas Gupta
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Sheila Webster
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Tammy Degelder
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Patricia Haines
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | | | - Shauna McGill
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Richard Piekarz
- b Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Tracy Wong
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Igor Espinoza-Delgado
- b Investigational Drug Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Julianne L Holleran
- c Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Institute , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Merrill J Egorin
- c Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Institute , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Karen W L Yee
- a Princess Margaret Phase I Consortium , Toronto , ON , Canada
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12
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Hiriyan J, Shivarudraiah P, Gavara G, Annamalai P, Natesan S, Sambasivam G, Sukumaran SK. Discovery of PAT-1102, a novel, potent and orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor with antitumor activity in cancer mouse models. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:229-237. [PMID: 25550555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a class of drugs that modulate transcriptional activity in cells and are known to induce cell-cycle arrest and angiogenesis, the major components of tumor cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to characterize a novel hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitor, PAT-1102, and determine its efficacy and tolerability in pre-clinical models. MATERIALS AND METHODS HDAC enzyme inhibition was measured using HeLa cell nuclear extracts, and recombinant HDAC enzymes. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in a panel of cancer cell lines. Histone hyper-acetylation status and p21 induction were assessed in HeLa cells by immunoblotting. The effect on apoptosis was tested by caspase-3 activation and detection of cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). Single-dose pharmacokinetics of the compound were assessed in BALB/c mice following oral and intravenous administration. Antitumor efficacy was evaluated in tumor-bearing mice established from lung and colorectal cancer cells (A549 and HCT116, respectively). RESULTS PAT-1102 demonstrated potent HDAC-inhibitory activity and growth-inhibitory properties against a panel of cancer cell lines. The optimized compound PAT-1102 exhibits good aqueous solubility, metabolic stability and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Once-daily oral administration of PAT-1102 resulted in significant antitumor activity and was well-tolerated in mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PAT-1102 is a novel, potent, orally available HDAC inhibitor with antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines and antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. Based on the pre-clinical efficacy and safety profile of PAT-1102, the compound demonstrates significant potential for evaluation as a novel drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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13
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Hanson JE, La H, Plise E, Chen YH, Ding X, Hanania T, Sabath EV, Alexandrov V, Brunner D, Leahy E, Steiner P, Liu L, Scearce-Levie K, Zhou Q. SAHA enhances synaptic function and plasticity in vitro but has limited brain availability in vivo and does not impact cognition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69964. [PMID: 23922875 PMCID: PMC3724849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) used for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and under consideration for other indications. In vivo studies suggest reducing HDAC function can enhance synaptic function and memory, raising the possibility that SAHA treatment could have neurological benefits. We first examined the impacts of SAHA on synaptic function in vitro using rat organotypic hippocampal brain slices. Following several days of SAHA treatment, basal excitatory but not inhibitory synaptic function was enhanced. Presynaptic release probability and intrinsic neuronal excitability were unaffected suggesting SAHA treatment selectively enhanced postsynaptic excitatory function. In addition, long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses was augmented, while long-term depression (LTD) was impaired in SAHA treated slices. Despite the in vitro synaptic enhancements, in vivo SAHA treatment did not rescue memory deficits in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Along with the lack of behavioral impact, pharmacokinetic analysis indicated poor brain availability of SAHA. Broader assessment of in vivo SAHA treatment using high-content phenotypic characterization of C57Bl6 mice failed to demonstrate significant behavioral effects of up to 150 mg/kg SAHA following either acute or chronic injections. Potentially explaining the low brain exposure and lack of behavioral impacts, SAHA was found to be a substrate of the blood brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporters Pgp and Bcrp1. Thus while our in vitro data show that HDAC inhibition can enhance excitatory synaptic strength and potentiation, our in vivo data suggests limited brain availability may contribute to the lack of behavioral impact of SAHA following peripheral delivery. These results do not predict CNS effects of SAHA during clinical use and also emphasize the importance of analyzing brain drug levels when interpreting preclinical behavioral pharmacology.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/enzymology
- Brain/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiology
- Cognition/drug effects
- Conditioning, Psychological/drug effects
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Fear/drug effects
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/administration & dosage
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacokinetics
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects
- Membranes/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Synapses/drug effects
- Synapses/physiology
- Vorinostat
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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14
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Iwamoto M, Friedman EJ, Sandhu P, Agrawal NGB, Rubin EH, Wagner JA. Clinical pharmacology profile of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:493-508. [PMID: 23820962 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has demonstrated preclinical activity in numerous cancer models. Clinical activity has been demonstrated in patients with a variety of malignancies. Vorinostat is presently indicated for the treatment of patients with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Clinical investigation is ongoing for therapy of other solid tumors and hematological malignancies either as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the pharmacokinetic properties of vorinostat. METHODS Monotherapy pharmacokinetic data across a number of pharmacokinetic studies were reviewed, and data are presented. In addition, literature review was performed to obtain published Phase I and II pharmacokinetic combination therapy data to identify and characterize potential drug interactions with vorinostat. Pharmacokinetic data in special populations were also reviewed. RESULTS The clinical pharmacology profile of vorinostat is favorable, exhibiting dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and modest food effect. There appear to be no major differences in the pharmacokinetics of vorinostat in special populations, including varying demographics and hepatic dysfunction. Combination therapy pharmacokinetic data indicate that vorinostat has a low propensity for drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS Vorinostat's favorable clinical pharmacology and drug interaction profile aid in the ease of administration of vorinostat for the treatment of advanced CTCL and will be beneficial in continued assessment for other oncologic indications. Although a number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the detailed pharmacokinetic profile of vorinostat, more rigorous assessment of vorinostat pharmacokinetics, including clinical drug interaction studies, will be informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Iwamoto
- Department of Project Leadership and Management, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. a Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA.
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15
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Martin DT, Hoimes CJ, Kaimakliotis HZ, Cheng CJ, Zhang K, Liu J, Wheeler MA, Kelly WK, Tew GN, Saltzman WM, Weiss RM. Nanoparticles for urothelium penetration and delivery of the histone deacetylase inhibitor belinostat for treatment of bladder cancer. Nanomedicine 2013; 9:1124-34. [PMID: 23764660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nearly 40% of patients with non-invasive bladder cancer will progress to invasive disease despite locally-directed therapy. Overcoming the bladder permeability barrier (BPB) is a challenge for intravesical drug delivery. Using the fluorophore coumarin (C6), we synthesized C6-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), which were surface modified with a novel cell penetrating polymer, poly(guanidinium oxanorbornene) (PGON). Addition of PGON to the NP surface improved tissue penetration by 10-fold in intravesically-treated mouse bladder and ex vivo human ureter. In addition, NP-C6-PGON significantly enhanced intracellular uptake of NPs compared to NPs without PGON. To examine biological activity, we synthesized NPs that were loaded with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor belinostat (NP-Bel-PGON). NP-Bel-PGON exhibited a significantly lower IC50 in cultured bladder cancer cells, and sustained hyperacetylation, when compared to unencapsulated belinostat. Xenograft tumors treated with NP-Bel-PGON showed a 70% reduction in volume, and a 2.5-fold higher intratumoral acetyl-H4, when compared to tumors treated with unloaded NP-PGON. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR These authors demonstrate that PLGA nanoparticles with PGON surface functionalization result in greatly enhanced cell penetrating capabilities, and present convincing data from a mouse model of bladder cancer for increased chemotherapy efficacy.
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16
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Millward M, Price T, Townsend A, Sweeney C, Spencer A, Sukumaran S, Longenecker A, Lee L, Lay A, Sharma G, Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA, Lloyd GK, Neuteboom STC, McConkey DJ, Palladino MA, Spear MA. Phase 1 clinical trial of the novel proteasome inhibitor marizomib with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in patients with melanoma, pancreatic and lung cancer based on in vitro assessments of the combination. Invest New Drugs 2012; 30:2303-17. [PMID: 22080430 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combining proteasome and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition has been seen to provide synergistic anti-tumor activity, with complementary effects on a number of signaling pathways. The novel bi-cyclic structure of marizomib with its unique proteasome inhibition, toxicology and efficacy profiles, suggested utility in combining it with an HDAC inhibitor such as vorinostat. Thus, in this study in vitro studies assessed the potential utility of combining marizomib and vorinostat, followed by a clinical trial with the objectives of assessing the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), safety and preliminary anti-tumor activity of the combination in patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Combinations of marizomib and vorinostat were assessed in vitro. Subsequently, in a Phase 1 clinical trial patients with melanoma, pancreatic carcinoma or Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) were given escalating doses of weekly marizomib in combination with vorinostat 300 mg daily for 16 days in 28 day cycles. In addition to standard safety studies, proteasome inhibition and pharmacokinetics were assayed. RESULTS Marked synergy of marizomib and vorinostat was seen in tumor cell lines derived from patients with NSCLC, melanoma and pancreatic carcinoma. In the clinical trial, 22 patients were enrolled. Increased toxicity was not seen with the combination. Co-administration did not appear to affect the PK or PD of either drug in comparison to historical data. Although no responses were demonstrated using RECIST criteria, 61% of evaluable patients demonstrated stable disease with 39% having decreases in tumor measurements. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of multiple tumor cell lines with marizomib and vorinostat resulted in a highly synergistic antitumor activity. The combination of full dose marizomib with vorinostat is tolerable in patients with safety findings consistent with either drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Millward
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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17
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Shapiro GI, Frank R, Dandamudi UB, Hengelage T, Zhao L, Gazi L, Porro MG, Woo MM, Lewis LD. The effect of food on the bioavailability of panobinostat, an orally active pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 69:555-62. [PMID: 22057852 PMCID: PMC4491112 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Panobinostat is a novel oral pan-deacetylase inhibitor with promising anti-cancer activity. The study aimed to determine the influence of food on the oral bioavailability of panobinostat. METHODS This multicenter study consisted of a randomized, three-way crossover, food-effect study period (cycle 1) followed by single-agent panobinostat continual treatment phase in patients with advanced cancer. Patients received panobinostat 20 mg twice weekly, and panobinostat pharmacokinetics was investigated on days 1, 8, and 15 with a randomly assigned sequence of three prandial states (fasting, high-fat, and normal breakfast). RESULTS Thirty-six patients were assessed for the food effect on pharmacokinetics and safety in cycle 1, after which 29 patients continued treatment, receiving single-agent panobinostat. Safety and antitumor activity were assessed during the extension period. Panobinostat systemic exposure was marginally reduced (14-16%) following food [geometric mean ratio (GMR) of the AUC(0-∞)/high-fat breakfast/fasting, 0.84 (90% confidence interval {CI}, 0.74-0.96); normal breakfast/fasting, 0.86 (90% CI, 0.75-1.00)], and interpatient variability (coefficient of variation, 59%) remained essentially unchanged with or without food. Panobinostat C (max) was reduced by 44% (high-fat) and 36% (normal) with median T (max) prolonged by 1-1.5 h following food. Panobinostat was well tolerated, with thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting as common adverse events, and demonstrated antitumor activity with one patient with a partial response and six patients with stable disease as best response. CONCLUSIONS Food produced minor changes in oral panobinostat exposure; thus, panobinostat can be given without regard to food intake in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- Early Drug Development Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Frank
- Whittingham Cancer Center at Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, CT, USA
| | - Uday B. Dandamudi
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Lily Zhao
- Novartis Oncology, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Dartmouth Medical, School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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18
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Hamberg P, Woo MM, Chen LC, Verweij J, Porro MG, Zhao L, Li W, van der Biessen D, Sharma S, Hengelage T, de Jonge M. Effect of ketoconazole-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition on clinical pharmacokinetics of panobinostat (LBH589), an orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:805-13. [PMID: 21706316 PMCID: PMC3162150 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Panobinostat is partly metabolized by CYP3A4 in vitro. This study evaluated the effect of a potent CYP3A inhibitor, ketoconazole, on the pharmacokinetics and safety of panobinostat. METHODS Patients received a single panobinostat oral dose on day 1, followed by 4 days wash-out period. On days 5-9, ketoconazole was administered. On day 8, a single panobinostat dose was co-administered with ketoconazole. Panobinostat was administered as single agent three times a week on day 15 and onward. RESULTS In the presence of ketoconazole, there was 1.6- and 1.8-fold increase in C (max) and AUC of panobinostat, respectively. No substantial change in T (max) or half-life was observed. No difference in panobinostat-pharmacokinetics between patients carrying CYP3A5*1/*3 and CYP3A5*3/*3 alleles was observed. Most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal related. Patients had asymptomatic hypophosphatemia (64%), and urine analysis suggested renal phosphate wasting. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of panobinostat with CYP3A inhibitors is feasible as the observed increase in panobinostat PK parameters was not considered clinically relevant. Considering the variability in exposure following enzyme inhibition and the fact that chronic dosing of panobinostat was not studied with CYP3A inhibitors, close monitoring of panobinostat-related adverse events is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hamberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Balliet RM, Chen G, Gallagher CJ, Dellinger RW, Sun D, Lazarus P. Characterization of UGTs active against SAHA and association between SAHA glucuronidation activity phenotype with UGT genotype. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2981-9. [PMID: 19318555 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor used in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and in clinical trials for treatment of multiple other cancers. A major mode of SAHA metabolism is by glucuronidation via the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes. To characterize the UGTs active against SAHA, homogenates from HEK293 cell lines overexpressing UGT wild-type or variant UGT were used. The hepatic UGTs 2B17 and 1A9 and the extrahepatic UGTs 1A8 and 1A10 exhibited the highest overall activity against SAHA as determined by V(max)/K(M) (16+/-6.5, 7.1+/-2.2, 33+/-6.3, and 24+/-2.4 nL x min(-1) x microg UGT protein(-1), respectively), with UGT2B17 exhibiting the lowest K(M) (300 micromol/L) against SAHA of any UGT in vitro. Whereas the UGT1A8p.Ala173Gly variant exhibited a 3-fold (P<0.005) decrease in glucuronidation activity against SAHA compared with wild-type UGT1A8, the UGT1A8p.Cys277Tyr variant exhibited no detectable glucuronidation activity; a similar lack of detectable glucuronidation activity was observed for the UGT1A10p.Gly139Lys variant. To analyze the effects of the UGT2B17 gene deletion variant (UGT2B17*2) on SAHA glucuronidation phenotype, human liver microsomes (HLM) were analyzed for glucuronidation activity against SAHA and compared with UGT2B17 genotype. HLM from subjects homozygous for UGT2B17*2 exhibited a 45% (P<0.01) decrease in glucuronidation activity and a 75% (P<0.002) increase in K(M) compared with HLMs from subjects homozygous for the wild-type UGT2B17*1 allele. Overall, these results suggest that several UGTs play an important role in the metabolism of SAHA and that UGT2B17-null individuals could potentially exhibit altered SAHA clearance rates with differences in overall response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Balliet
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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20
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Mazzola RD, Zhu Z, Sinning L, McKittrick B, Lavey B, Spitler J, Kozlowski J, Neng-Yang S, Zhou G, Guo Z, Orth P, Madison V, Sun J, Lundell D, Niu X. Discovery of novel hydroxamates as highly potent tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme inhibitors. Part II: optimization of the S3' pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5809-14. [PMID: 18835710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclopropyl hydroxamic acids were prepared. Many of the compounds displayed picomolar affinity for the TACE enzyme while maintaining good to excellent selectivity profiles versus MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -14, and ADAM-10. X-ray analysis of an inhibitor in the TACE active site indicated that the molecules bound to the enzyme in the S1'-S3' pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Mazzola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Schering Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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21
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Mann BS, Johnson JR, He K, Sridhara R, Abraham S, Booth BP, Verbois L, Morse DE, Jee JM, Pope S, Harapanhalli RS, Dagher R, Farrell A, Justice R, Pazdur R. Vorinostat for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2318-22. [PMID: 17438089 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss vorinostat approval for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Data from 1 single-arm, open-label, multicenter pivotal trial and 11 other trials submitted to support the new drug application for vorinostat in the treatment of advanced primary CTCL were reviewed. The pivotal trial assessed responses by changes in overall skin disease score using a severity-weighted assessment tool (SWAT). Vorinostat could be considered active in CTCL if observed response rate was at least 20% and the lower bound of the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) excluded 5%. Patients reported pruritus relief using a questionnaire and a visual analogue scale. RESULTS The pivotal trial enrolled 74 patients with stage IB or higher CTCL. Median number of prior treatments was 3, and 61 patients (82%) had stage IIB or higher disease. The objective response rate in the skin disease assessed by change in the overall SWAT score from the baseline was 30% (95% CI, 18.5 to 42.6) in patients with stage IIB or higher disease. Median response duration (end of response defined by 50% increase in SWAT score from the nadir) was 168 days. Median time to tumor progression was 148 days for overall population and 169 days for patients with stage IIB or higher disease. Assessment of pruritus relief was considered unreliable. CONCLUSIONS Vorinostat showed activity in CTCL, and skin responses were a clinical benefit. Vorinostat was approved for treatment of cutaneous manifestations of CTCL. A nonblinded, single-arm trial did not allow a reliable assessment of pruritus relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder S Mann
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA.
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22
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Wilkes G. Histone deacetylase inhibitors. Oncology (Williston Park) 2007; 21:39-40. [PMID: 18154209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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23
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Soverini S, Iacobucci I, Baccarani M, Martinelli G. Targeted therapy and the T315I mutation in Philadelphia-positive leukemias. Haematologica 2007; 92:437-9. [PMID: 17488653 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Benzene Derivatives/pharmacokinetics
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Design
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Genes, abl
- Humans
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacokinetics
- Hydroxamic Acids/therapeutic use
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Indoles
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mutation, Missense
- Naphthalenes/pharmacokinetics
- Naphthalenes/therapeutic use
- Panobinostat
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Piperazines/pharmacokinetics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Point Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Remission Induction
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Threonine/chemistry
- Vorinostat
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24
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Ramalingam SS, Parise RA, Ramanathan RK, Ramananthan RK, Lagattuta TF, Musguire LA, Stoller RG, Potter DM, Argiris AE, Zwiebel JA, Egorin MJ, Belani CP. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel for advanced solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3605-10. [PMID: 17510206 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine the recommended phase II doses of the novel histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat when administered in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients (N = 28) with advanced solid malignancies were treated with vorinostat, administered orally once daily for 2 weeks or twice daily for 1 week, every 3 weeks. Carboplatin and paclitaxel were administered i.v. once every 3 weeks. Doses of vorinostat and paclitaxel were escalated in sequential cohorts of three patients. The pharmacokinetics of vorinostat, its metabolites, and paclitaxel were characterized. RESULTS Vorinostat was administered safely up to 400 mg qd or 300 mg bd with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Two of 12 patients at the 400 mg qd schedule experienced dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 emesis and grade 4 neutropenia with fever. Non-dose-limiting toxicity included nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Of 25 patients evaluable for response, partial responses occurred in 11 (10 non-small cell lung cancer and 1 head and neck cancer) and stable disease occurred in 7. Vorinostat pharmacokinetics were linear over the dose range studied. Vorinostat area under the concentration versus time curve and half-life increased when vorinostat was coadministered with carboplatin and paclitaxel, but vorinostat did not alter paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS Both schedules of vorinostat (400 mg oral qd x 14 days or 300 mg bd x 7 days) were tolerated well in combination with carboplatin (area under the concentration versus time curve = 6 mg/mL x min) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m(2)). Encouraging anticancer activity was noted in patients with previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh S Ramalingam
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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25
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Sandhu P, Andrews PA, Baker MP, Koeplinger KA, Soli ED, Miller T, Baillie TA. Disposition of vorinostat, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor and anticancer agent, in preclinical species. Drug Metab Lett 2007; 1:153-161. [PMID: 19356036 DOI: 10.2174/187231207780363642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The disposition of vorinostat, an anticancer agent, was investigated in rats and dogs. Vorinostat possessed high serum clearance, a short elimination half-life and low oral bioavailability in both species. The renal route played an important role in the elimination of drug-related material and vorinostat was eliminated primarily by metabolic biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sandhu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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26
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Wise LD, Turner KJ, Kerr JS. Assessment of developmental toxicity of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in Sprague-Dawley rats and Dutch Belted rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 80:57-68. [PMID: 17294457 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental toxicity potential of vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid [SAHA], ZOLINZA), a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), was assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats and Dutch Belted rabbits. HDAC inhibitors have been shown to mediate the regulation of gene expression, induce cell growth, cell differentiation, and apoptosis of tumor cells. Range-finding studies established oral dose levels of 5, 15, or 50 mg/kg/day and 20, 50, or 150 mg/kg/day in rats and rabbits, respectively. METHODS Animals were dosed on Gestation Days 6-20 or 7-20, respectively, with litter/fetal parameters evaluated on GD 21 and 28, respectively. Separate studies evaluated toxicokinetic parameters at the mid- and high-dose levels. RESULTS There was no maternal toxicity observed at the highest dose levels; however, hematology and serum biochemistry changes were characterized in the range-finding studies. Vorinostat did not induce morphological malformations in either rat or rabbit fetuses. In rats, drug-related developmental toxicity was observed only in the high-dose group and consisted of markedly decreased fetal weight and increases in fetuses with a limited number of skeletal variations. In rabbits, drug-related developmental toxicity was also observed only in the high-dose group and consisted of slightly decreased fetal weight and increases in fetuses with a short 13th rib and incomplete ossification of metacarpals. Maternal exposures to vorinostat based on AUC and Cmax values were comparable at the high-dose levels of both species. Rabbits tolerated higher dosages probably due to more extensive metabolism. Maternal concentrations of vorinostat were approximately 1,000-fold above the known in vitro HDAC inhibitory concentration. CONCLUSIONS Review of previous work with valproic acid, another HDAC inhibitor, suggest that the developmental toxicity profiles of these 2 compounds are not the result of HDAC inhibition but involve other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L David Wise
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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27
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Breyholz HJ, Wagner S, Levkau B, Schober O, Schäfers M, Kopka K. A 18F-radiolabeled analogue of CGS 27023A as a potential agent for assessment of matrix-metalloproteinase activity in vivo. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 51:24-32. [PMID: 17372570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The non-invasive measurement of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in vivo, which are involved in many pathophysiological and pathological processes occurring in inflammation, cancer and atherosclerosis, is a clinical challenge. A diagnostic tool for the non-invasive detection of MMP activity in vivo is based on MMP inhibitor (MMPI) radiotracers. METHODS We chose non-peptidyl broad-spectrum MMPI CGS 27023A 1 as a hydroxamic acid-based lead structure to design such a tracer. RESULTS The radioligand HO-[(123)I]I-CGS 27023A was able to specifically visualize activated MMPs in vascular lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice in vivo. Based upon this work the radiosynthesis of a fluorinated analogue of the MMP inhibitor CGS 27023A was developed. Its unlabeled counterpart was found to be a potent MMP inhibitor in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Application of this class of MMP-targeting agents in combination with molecular imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography, may emerge as a novel clinical diagnostic tool in the management of human diseases with MMP misexpression and/or dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Breyholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Failes TW, Hambley TW. Towards bioreductively activated prodrugs: Fe(III) complexes of hydroxamic acids and the MMP inhibitor marimastat. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:396-403. [PMID: 17197030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fe(III)-salen (N,N-bis(salicylidene)-ethane-1,2-diimine) complexes of simple hydroxamic acids and the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) inhibitor marimastat have been evaluated as hypoxia activated drug carriers. The aceto- (aha), propion- (pha), benzohydroxamato (bha), and marimastat complexes were prepared and characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electrochemical analysis. The hydroxamato ligands form a bidentate chelate to Fe(III) with the remaining octahedral coordination sites occupied by the tetradentate salen ligand. Bonding of the hydroxamato ligands is in the typical motif of the majority of Fe(III) complexes in the literature. The reduction potentials of the complexes are of the order of -1300 mV (vs ferrocene/ferrocenium) and show partial reversibility in the re-oxidation waveforms of the cyclic voltammetry scans. This suggests that the Fe-salen carrier system would provide a suitably redox inert framework yet would release the ligands at hypoxic tumour sites upon reduction to the more labile Fe(II) oxidation state. Furthermore, biological testing of the marimastat complex established that these carriers are stable in non-reducing biological environments and would serve to deliver MMP inhibitors to tumour sites intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Failes
- Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Yao W, Zhuo J, Burns DM, Xu M, Zhang C, Li YL, Qian DQ, He C, Weng L, Shi E, Lin Q, Agrios C, Burn TC, Caulder E, Covington MB, Fridman JS, Friedman S, Katiyar K, Hollis G, Li Y, Liu C, Liu X, Marando CA, Newton R, Pan M, Scherle P, Taylor N, Vaddi K, Wasserman ZR, Wynn R, Yeleswaram S, Jalluri R, Bower M, Zhou BB, Metcalf B. Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally active human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 sheddase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2007; 50:603-6. [PMID: 17256836 DOI: 10.1021/jm061344o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, evaluation, and identification of a novel class of (6S,7S)-N-hydroxy-6-carboxamide-5-azaspiro[2.5]octane-7-carboxamides as the first potent and selective inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) sheddase is described. Several compounds were identified that possess excellent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and were shown to decrease tumor size, cleaved HER-2 extracellular domain plasma levels, and potentiate the effects of the humanized anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody (trastuzumab) in vivo in a HER-2 overexpressing cancer murine xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Corporation, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, USA.
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Venkatesh PR, Goh E, Zeng P, New LS, Xin L, Pasha MK, Sangthongpitag K, Yeo P, Kantharaj E. In Vitro Phase I Cytochrome P450 Metabolism, Permeability and Pharmacokinetics of SB639, a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor in Preclinical Species. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1021-4. [PMID: 17473456 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro liver microsomal stability, permeability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and oral bioavailability of SB639, a novel HDACi (Histone Deacetylase inhibitor), were determined. The in vitro metabolism was examined in mouse, rat, dog and human liver microsomes. The permeability and efflux potential of SB639 were determined using Caco-2 cell monolayers. To determine pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability, blood samples were drawn at pre-determined intervals up to 24 h post-dose after single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration of SB639 to mouse or rat. The concentrations of SB639 in plasma samples were determined by a validated LC-MS/MS method. In vitro liver microsomal stability data revealed that SB639 was stable in human and dog liver microsomes, unstable in mouse and rat liver microsomes. The Caco-2 data has shown that SB639 is highly permeable with an apparent permeability of 3.01.10(-6) cm/s at 10 microM. After oral administration, maximum concentrations of SB639 were achieved within 0.5 h of post dose. Following i.v. administration, the concentration of SB639 declined in a bi-exponential fashion with terminal elimination half-life of 1.67 h for mice and 1.12 h for rats. The systemic clearance and volume of distribution of SB639 in mice were 15.8 l/h/kg and 38 l/kg, respectively, while the respective values in rats were 3.84 l/h/kg and 3.67 l/kg. Elimination half-life in rats ranged between 1.12-2.26 h. Absolute oral bioavailability of SB639 in mouse and rat was 13% and 10%, respectively. In conclusion, the superior potency, physicochemical and PK properties of SB639 compared to the recently FDA approved drug Zolinza (Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or Vorinostat) in the preclinical setting makes it a potential clinical candidate.
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Yeo P, Xin L, Goh E, New LS, Zeng P, Wu X, Venkatesh P, Kantharaj E. Development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for 6-(3-benzoyl-ureido)-hexanoic acid hydroxyamide, a novel HDAC inhibitor, in mouse plasma for pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:184-9. [PMID: 17221921 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantification of 6-(3-benzoyl-ureido)-hexanoic acid hydroxyamide (EX-2), a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in mouse plasma was developed to support in-house pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in the lead optimization stage. In order to determine the PK parameters for EX-2 in comparison to other HDAC inhibitors such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), PXD-101 and LBH-589, which are currently in different stages of clinical trials, research-grade bio-analytical method validations were carried out for EX-2 and these reference HDAC inhibitors, which were synthesized by in-house medicinal chemists. The components of validation consisted of specificity, extraction efficiency, signal-response of calibration standards, lower limit of quantification, autosampler stability and accuracy and precision of quality control samples. The validated LC/MS/MS methods were accurate and precise. The calibration curve ranged from 1 to 1600 ng/mL for all the analytes. The methods developed were used to quantify EX-2 and other HDAC inhibitors in mouse plasma obtained from pharmacokinetic studies. The results suggest that EX-2 has better PK parameters compared with the reference drugs and is a promising drug development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Yeo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, S*BIO Pte Ltd, 1 Science Park Road, 05-09 The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528
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Rubin EH, Agrawal NGB, Friedman EJ, Scott P, Mazina KE, Sun L, Du L, Ricker JL, Frankel SR, Gottesdiener KM, Wagner JA, Iwamoto M. A study to determine the effects of food and multiple dosing on the pharmacokinetics of vorinostat given orally to patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:7039-45. [PMID: 17145826 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study, conducted in advanced-stage cancer patients, assessed the safety and tolerability of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid), single-dose and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of vorinostat, and the effect of a high-fat meal on vorinostat pharmacokinetics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients (n = 23) received single doses of 400 mg vorinostat on day 1 (fasted) and day 5 (fed) with 48 hours of pharmacokinetic sampling on both days. Patients received 400 mg vorinostat once daily on days 7 to 28. On day 28, vorinostat was given (fed) with pharmacokinetic sampling for 24 hours after dose. RESULTS The apparent t(1/2) of vorinostat was short (approximately 1.5 hours). A high-fat meal was associated with a small increase in the extent of absorption and a modest decrease in the rate of absorption. A short lag time was observed before detectable levels of vorinostat were observed in the fed state, and T(max) was delayed. Vorinostat concentrations were qualitatively similar following single-dose and multiple-dose administration; the accumulation ratio based on area under the curve was 1.21. The elimination of vorinostat occurred primarily through metabolism, with <1% of the given dose recovered intact in urine. The most common vorinostat-related adverse experiences were mild to moderate nausea, anorexia, fatigue, increased blood creatinine, and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Vorinostat concentrations were qualitatively similar after single and multiple doses. A high-fat meal increased the extent and modestly decreased the rate of absorption of vorinostat; this effect is not anticipated to be clinically meaningful. Continued investigation of 400 mg vorinostat given once daily in phase II and III efficacy studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Rubin
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA.
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Buggy JJ, Cao ZA, Bass KE, Verner E, Balasubramanian S, Liu L, Schultz BE, Young PR, Dalrymple SA. CRA-024781: a novel synthetic inhibitor of histone deacetylase enzymes with antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1309-17. [PMID: 16731764 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CRA-024781 is a novel, broad spectrum hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that shows antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo preclinically and is under evaluation in phase I clinical trials for cancer. CRA-024781 inhibited pure recombinant HDAC1 with a K(i) of 0.007 mumol/L, and also inhibited the other HDAC isozymes HDAC2, HDAC3/SMRT, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 in the nanomolar range. Treatment of cultured tumor cell lines grown in vitro with CRA-024781 resulted in the accumulation of acetylated histone and acetylated tubulin, resulting in an inhibition of tumor cell growth and the induction of apoptosis. CRA-024781 parenterally administered to mice harboring HCT116 or DLD-1 colon tumor xenografts resulted in a statistically significant reduction in tumor growth at doses that were well tolerated as measured by body weight. Inhibition of tumor growth was accompanied by an increase in the acetylation of alpha-tubulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and an alteration in the expression of many genes in the tumors, including several involved in apoptosis and cell growth. These results reveal CRA-024781 to be a novel HDAC inhibitor with potent antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Buggy
- Celera Genomics, 180 Kimball Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Janser P, Neumann U, Miltz W, Feifel R, Buhl T. A cassette-dosing approach for improvement of oral bioavailability of dual TACE/MMP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2632-6. [PMID: 16516469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structural features contributing to the different pharmacokinetic properties of the TACE/MMP inhibitors TNF484 and Trocade were analyzed using an in vivo cassette-dosing approach in rats. This enabled us to identify a new lead compound with excellent pharmacokinetic properties, but weaker activity on the biological targets. Directed structural modifications maintained oral bioavailability and restored biological activity, leading to a novel compound almost equipotent to TNF484 in vivo, but with a more than tenfold higher oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Janusz MJ, Hookfin EB, Brown KK, Hsieh LC, Heitmeyer SA, Taiwo YO, Natchus MG, Pikul S, Almstead NG, De B, Peng SX, Baker TR, Patel V. Comparison of the pharmacology of hydroxamate- and carboxylate-based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Inflamm Res 2006; 55:60-5. [PMID: 16612565 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-0014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Hydroxamic-and carboxylic-acid based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) were compared for their potency against various MMPs, pharmacodynamic properties and in vivo efficacy in a model of cartilage degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MMPIs were evaluated for their ability to inhibit human MMPs using the quenched fluorescence assay. The ability of the MMPIs to inhibit the degeneration of the knee joint was evaluated in rats injected intraarticularly with iodoacetate. The amount of MMPI in the plasma and cartilage was determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/ MS/MS). Plasma protein binding was measured by ultrafiltration and unbound MMPI was quantitated using HPLC. RESULTS The hydroxamic acid based inhibitor PGE-3321996 and the carboxylic acids PGE-2909492 and PGE-6292544 were potent MMP-13 inhibitors, but only the hydroxamic acid PGE 3321996 demonstrated significant inhibition of knee degeneration in the rat iodoacetate model. Both of the carboxylic acids demonstrated superior pharmacokinetic properties and established much higher plasma concentrations than the hydroxamic acid. However, neither of the carboxylic acids was detectable in the cartilage, whereas, the hydroxamic acid was present in both the cartilage and the plasma. The carboxylic acid based MMPIs also demonstrated higher plasma protein binding (>99%) than the hydroxamic acid (79%). CONCLUSIONS Carboxylic acid-based MMPIs were identified that had superior in vivo plasma exposure compared to a hydroxamic acid inhibitor but lacked in vivo efficacy in the rat iodoacetate model of cartilage degeneration. The lack of in vivo efficacy of the carboxylic acid based MMPIs were probably due to their lack of cartilage penetration which was related to their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Janusz
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8700 Mason-Montgomery Rd., Mailbox 1069, Mason, OH 45040-9462, USA.
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36
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O'Connor OA, Heaney ML, Schwartz L, Richardson S, Willim R, MacGregor-Cortelli B, Curly T, Moskowitz C, Portlock C, Horwitz S, Zelenetz AD, Frankel S, Richon V, Marks P, Kelly WK. Clinical Experience With Intravenous and Oral Formulations of the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid in Patients With Advanced Hematologic Malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:166-73. [PMID: 16330674 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.01.9679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To document the toxicity and activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in patients with pretreated hematologic malignancies. Patients and Methods Two formulations of SAHA (intravenous [IV] and oral) have been assessed in two consecutive phase I trials. In both trials, dose escalation was performed in parallel and independently in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Eligible patients were required to have adequate hepatic and renal function, an absolute neutrophil count ≥ 500/μL and a platelet count more than 25,000/mL. All patients provided informed consent for study inclusion. Results A total of 39 patients with hematologic malignancy were enrolled (14 on IV SAHA and 25 on oral SAHA), of whom 35 were treated. The spectrum of diseases included patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n = 12), Hodgkin's disease (HD; n = 12), multiple myeloma (n = 2), T-cell lymphoma (n = 3), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 2), small lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 2), and myeloid leukemia (n = 2). Major adverse events with the oral formulation included fatigue, diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration, whereas myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia were more prominent with the IV formulation. Typically, the hematologic toxicities resolved shortly after SAHA was stopped. There was no neutropenic fever or neutropenic sepsis. Reduction in measurable tumor was observed in five patients. One patient with transformed small lymphocytic lymphoma met criteria for complete response, whereas another met the criteria for partial response (PR). One patient with refractory HD had a PR, whereas three patients had stable disease for up to 9 months. Conclusion These results suggest that SAHA has activity in hematologic malignancies including HD and select subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Oltenfreiter R, Staelens L, Hillaert U, Heremans A, Noël A, Frankenne F, Slegers G. Synthesis, radiosynthesis, in vitro and preliminary in vivo evaluation of biphenyl carboxylic and hydroxamic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors as potential tumor imaging agents. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:903-13. [PMID: 15799868 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Revised: 12/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excess matrix degradation is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is an important factor in the process of tumor progression. It is implicated in invasion, metastasis, growth, angiogenesis and migration. Many characteristics of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) make them attractive therapeutic and diagnostic targets. MMP expression is upregulated at the tumor site, with localization of activity in the tumor or the surrounding stroma, providing a target for medical imaging techniques. Radioiodinated carboxylic and hydroxamic MMP inhibitors 2-(4'-[123I] iodo-biphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methyl-butyric acid (9) and 2-(4'-[123I] iodo-biphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methyl-butyramide (11), their unlabelled standards and precursors were synthesized. Radioiodination was conducted by electrophilic aromatic substitution of the tributylstannyl precursors and resulted in radiochemical yields of 70+/-5% (n=6) and 60+/-5% (n=4), respectively. In vitro zymography and enzyme assays showed for both hydroxamic acid and carboxylic acid compounds a good inhibition activity and a high selectivity for MMP-2. In vivo biodistribution in NMRI mice showed no long-term accumulation in organs and the possibility to accumulate in the tumor in a later phase of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Oltenfreiter
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Levin JI, Chen JM, Laakso LM, Du M, Du X, Venkatesan AM, Sandanayaka V, Zask A, Xu J, Xu W, Zhang Y, Skotnicki JS. Acetylenic TACE inhibitors. Part 2: SAR of six-membered cyclic sulfonamide hydroxamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4345-9. [PMID: 16084720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of a series of potent sulfonamide hydroxamate TACE inhibitors bearing a butynyloxy P1' group was explored. In particular, compound 5k has excellent in vitro potency against TACE enzyme and in cells, and oral activity in an in vivo model of TNF-alpha production and a collagen-induced arthritis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Levin
- Wyeth Research, 401N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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Drummond DC, Marx C, Guo Z, Scott G, Noble C, Wang D, Pallavicini M, Kirpotin DB, Benz CC. Enhanced pharmacodynamic and antitumor properties of a histone deacetylase inhibitor encapsulated in liposomes or ErbB2-targeted immunoliposomes. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:3392-401. [PMID: 15867240 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2-overexpressing human cancers represent potentially sensitive targets for therapy by candidate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as we have shown that HDAC inhibitors can selectively reduce ErbB2 expression by repressing the ErbB2 promoter and accelerating the decay of cytoplasmic ErbB2 transcripts. To extend these in vitro findings and enhance the in vivo pharmacodynamic properties of HDAC inhibitors, we stably encapsulated a potent hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitor (LAQ824) within long-circulating liposomes (Ls-LAQ824) and immunoliposomes (ILs-LAQ824) bearing >10,000 LAQ824 molecules per nanovesicle. Liposomal LAQ824 exhibits prolonged in vivo stability and, unlike free LAQ824, circulates with a half-life of 10.8 hours following a single i.v. injection. Three weekly i.v. injections of 20 to 25 mg/kg Ls-LAQ824 in nude mice with ErbB2 overexpressing BT-474 breast tumor xenografts significantly impairs tumor growth, and administration of ErbB2-targeted ILs-LAQ824 may further improve this antitumor activity. Studies of tumor-bearing mice 24 hours after single treatment indicate that: (a) >10% of injected liposomal LAQ824 is still circulating (whereas free LAQ824 is undetectable in the blood after 15 minutes); and (b) tumor uptake of Ls-LAQ824 and ILs-LAQ824 is >3% injected drug per gram of tumor, producing levels of acetylated tumor histones that are 5- to 10-fold increased over those following free LAQ824 or saline treatments and resulting in concordantly reduced levels of tumor ErbB2 mRNA. These preclinical results support the clinical evaluation of HDAC inhibitors against ErbB2-overexpressing malignancies, and further indicate that encapsulation into targeted and nontargeted liposomes substantially improves the in vivo pharmacokinetics, tumor uptake, and antitumor properties of hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Capsules
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacokinetics
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Hydroxamic Acids/therapeutic use
- Liposomes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl C Drummond
- Hermes Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, California 94945, USA
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40
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Noe MC, Natarajan V, Snow SL, Wolf-Gouveia LA, Mitchell PG, Lopresti-Morrow L, Reeves LM, Yocum SA, Otterness I, Bliven MA, Carty TJ, Barberia JT, Sweeney FJ, Liras JL, Vaughn M. Discovery of 3-OH-3-methylpipecolic hydroxamates: Potent orally active inhibitors of aggrecanase and MMP-13. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3385-8. [PMID: 15953722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-hydroxy-3-methylpipecolic hydroxamate inhibitors of MMP-13 and aggrecanase was designed based on the observation of increased aggrecanase activity with substitution at the 3-position of the piperidine ring. Potency versus aggrecanase was optimized by modification of the benzyloxyarylsulfonamide group that binds in the S1' pocket. These compounds also possess markedly improved bioavailability and lower metabolic clearance compared to analogous 3,3-dimethyl-5-hydroxypipecolic hydroxamates. These improvements are attributed to lowered lipophilicity proximal to the metabolically labile hydroxamic acid. Synthesis, structure activity relationships, and in vivo efficacy data are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Noe
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton CT 06340, USA.
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Kelly WK, O'Connor OA, Krug LM, Chiao JH, Heaney M, Curley T, MacGregore-Cortelli B, Tong W, Secrist JP, Schwartz L, Richardson S, Chu E, Olgac S, Marks PA, Scher H, Richon VM. Phase I study of an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:3923-31. [PMID: 15897550 PMCID: PMC1855284 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.14.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the safety, dosing schedules, pharmacokinetic profile, and biologic effect of orally administered histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in patients with advanced cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with solid and hematologic malignancies were treated with oral SAHA administered once or twice a day on a continuous basis or twice daily for 3 consecutive days per week. Pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailibity of oral SAHA were determined. Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of histones isolated from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) pre and post-therapy were performed to evaluate target inhibition. RESULTS Seventy-three patients were treated with oral SAHA and major dose-limiting toxicities were anorexia, dehydration, diarrhea, and fatigue. The maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg qd and 200 mg bid for continuous daily dosing and 300 mg bid for 3 consecutive days per week dosing. Oral SAHA had linear pharmacokinetics from 200 to 600 mg, with an apparent half-life ranging from 91 to 127 minutes and 43% oral bioavailability. Histones isolated from PBMNCs showed consistent accumulation of acetylated histones post-therapy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated a trend towards a dose-dependent accumulation of acetylated histones from 200 to 600 mg of oral SAHA. There was one complete response, three partial responses, two unconfirmed partial responses, and 22 (30%) patients remained on study for 4 to 37+ months. CONCLUSIONS Oral SAHA has linear pharmacokinetics and good bioavailability, inhibits histone deacetylase activity in PBMNCs, can be safely administered chronically, and has a broad range of antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kevin Kelly
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Joan and Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Ramanathan-Girish S, McColm J, Clements JM, Taupin P, Barrowcliffe S, Hevizi J, Safrin S, Moore C, Patou G, Moser H, Gadd A, Hoch U, Jiang V, Lofland D, Johnson KW. Pharmacokinetics in animals and humans of a first-in-class peptide deformylase inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 48:4835-42. [PMID: 15561864 PMCID: PMC529202 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.12.4835-4842.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BB-83698, a potent and selective inhibitor of peptide deformylase, was the first compound of this novel antibacterial class to progress to clinical trials. Single- and/or multiple-dose studies with doses ranging from 10 to 50 mg of BB-83698/kg of body weight were done with mice, rats, and dogs. Intravenous pharmacokinetics were characterized by low to moderate clearances and moderate volumes of distribution for all species. In dogs, but not in rodents, central nervous system (CNS) effects were dose limiting for intravenously administered BB-83698 and were suspected to be related to a high maximum concentration of the agent in plasma (Cmax) rather than to total systemic exposure. Controlled infusion studies with dogs demonstrated that CNS effects could be avoided without compromising systemic exposure by reducing the Cmax. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, five-way-crossover, single-dose-escalation, phase I study to explore the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous BB-83698 at doses ranging from 10 to 475 mg was performed with healthy male volunteers. Systemic exposures were generally in linear relationships with administered doses in animals and humans. Pharmacokinetics were consistent, predictable, and exhibited good allometric scaling among all species (r2 >0.98). Moreover, BB-83698 dosing in humans proceeded to a predicted efficacious exposure (the area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio, up to 184) without any clinically significant adverse effects.
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Kornreich-Leshem H, Ziv C, Gumienna-Kontecka E, Arad-Yellin R, Chen Y, Elhabiri M, Albrecht-Gary AM, Hadar Y, Shanzer A. Ferrioxamine B Analogues: Targeting the FoxA Uptake System in the Pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:1137-45. [PMID: 15669853 DOI: 10.1021/ja035182m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of ferrioxamine B analogues that target the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica were prepared. These iron carriers are composed of three hydroxamate-containing monomeric units. Two identical monomers consist of N-hydroxy-3-aminopropionic acid coupled with beta-alanine, and a third unit at the amino terminal is composed of N-hydroxy-3-aminopropionic acid and one of the following amino acids: beta-alanine (1a), phenylalanine (1b), cyclohexylalanine (1c), or glycine (1d). Thermodynamic results for representatives of the analogues have shown a strong destabilization (3-4 orders of magnitude) of the ferric complexes with respect to ferrioxamine B, probably due to shorter spacers and a more strained structure around the metal center. No significant effect of the variations at the N-terminal has been observed on the stability of the ferric complexes. By contrast, using in vivo radioactive uptake experiments, we have found that these modifications have a substantial effect on the mechanism of iron(III) uptake in the pathogenic bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica. Analogues 1a and 1d were utilized by the ferrioxamine B uptake system (FoxA), while 1b and 1c either used different uptake systems or were transported to the microbial cell nonspecifically by diffusion via the cell membrane. Transport via the FoxA system was also confirmed by uptake experiments with the FoxA deficient strain of Yersinia enterocolitica. A fluorescent marker, attached to 1a in a way that did not interfere with its biological activity, provided additional means to monitor the uptake mechanism by fluorescence techniques. Of particular interest is the observation that 1a was utilized by the uptake system of ferrioxamine B in Yersinia enterocolitica (FoxA) but failed to use the ferrioxamine uptake route in Pseudomonas putida. Here, we present a case in which biomimetic siderophore analogues deliberately designed for a particular bacterium can distinguish between related uptake systems of different microorganisms.
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Du L, Musson DG, Wang AQ. High turbulence liquid chromatography online extraction and tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and its two metabolites in human serum. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:1779-87. [PMID: 15945019 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A reliable and sensitive method incorporating high turbulence liquid chromatography (HTLC) online extraction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), for simultaneous determination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and its two metabolites, SAHA-glucuronide (M1) and 4-anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid (M2), in human serum, has been developed to support clinical studies. The HTLC technology significantly reduces the time required for sample clean-up since sample extraction and analysis are performed online. Clinical samples, internal standards (IS) and buffer are transferred into 96-well plates using a robotic liquid handling system. A 20 microL aliquot of prepared sample is directly injected into the HTLC/LC-MS/MS system where the matrix is rapidly washed away to waste and the analytes are retained on the narrow-bore extraction column (0.5 x 50 mm), using an aqueous mobile phase at 1.5 mL/min. Analytes are then eluted from the extraction column and transferred to the analytical column using a gradient mobile phase prior to detection by MS/MS. Interference with determination of SAHA from in-source dissociation of M1 is eliminated by the chromatographic separation. The resolution of SAHA and M1 did not change for more than 1500 serum sample injections by applying an acid wash (15% acetic acid) on the extraction column. The linear calibration ranges for SAHA, M1, and M2 are 2-500, 5-2000, and 10-2000 ng/mL, respectively. Assay intraday validation was conducted using five calibration curves prepared in five lots of human control serum. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 6.8% and accuracy is 94.6-102.9% of nominal values for all three analytes. Assay specificity, freeze/thaw stability, storage stability, and matrix effects were also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Du
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75A-303, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA.
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Kopka K, Breyholz HJ, Wagner S, Law MP, Riemann B, Schröer S, Trub M, Guilbert B, Levkau B, Schober O, Schäfers M. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of new radioiodinated MMP inhibitors for imaging MMP activity in vivo. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:257-67. [PMID: 15013492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Revised: 07/05/2003] [Accepted: 08/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in vivo is a clinical challenge in many disease processes such as inflammation, tumor metastasis and atherosclerosis. Therefore, radioiodinated analogues of the non-peptidyl broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor (MMPI) CGS 27023A 1a were synthesized for non-invasive detection of MMP activity in vivo using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The compounds Br-CGS 27023A 1b and HO-CGS 27023A 1d were synthesized from the amino acid D-valine and used as precursors for radioiodinated derivatives of CGS 27023A and their non-radioactive references I-CGS 27023A 1c and HO-I-CGS 27023A 1e. Radioiodination of the precursors with [(123)I]NaI or [(125)I]NaI produced the no-carrier-added MMP inhibitors [(123)I]I-CGS 27023A 1f, [(125)I]I-CGS 27023A 1g, HO-[(123)I]I-CGS27023A 1h, and HO-[(125)I]I-CGS 27023A 1i. In vitro studies showed that the non-radioactive analogues of the MMP inhibitors exhibited affinities against gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9) in the nanomolar range, comparable to the parent compound CGS 27023A. In vivo biodistribution using HO-[(125)I]I-CGS 27023A 1i in CL57 Bl6 mice showed rapid blood and plasma clearance and low retention in normal tissues. The preliminary biological evaluation warrant further studies of these radioiodinated MMP inhibitors as potential new radiotracers for imaging MMP activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kopka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Muenster, Germany.
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46
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Zheng QH, Fei X, Liu X, Wang JQ, Stone KL, Martinez TD, Gay DJ, Baity WL, Miller KD, Sledge GW, Hutchins GD. Comparative studies of potential cancer biomarkers carbon-11 labeled MMP inhibitors (S)-2-(4'-[11C]methoxybiphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methylbutyric acid and N-hydroxy-(R)-2-[[(4'-[11C]methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]benzylamino]-3-methylbutanamide. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:77-85. [PMID: 14741572 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(03)00111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(S)-2-(4'-[11C]methoxybiphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methylbutyric acid ([11C]MSMA) and N-hydroxy-(R)-2-[[(4'-[11C]methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]benzylamino]-3-methylbutanamide ([11C]CGS 25966), carbon-11 labeled matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, have been synthesized for evaluation as new potential positron emission tomography (PET) cancer biomarkers. [11C]MSMA was prepared by appropriate precursor (S)-2-(4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methylbutyric acid tert-butyl ester, which was synthesized in eight steps from amino acid (L)-valine in 39.4% chemical yield. This precursor was labeled by [11C]methyl triflate through O-[11C]methylation method at the hydroxyl position of biphenol under basic conditions, followed by a quick acid hydrolysis and isolated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification to produce pure target compound [11C]MSMA in 35-55% radiochemical yield, based on 11CO2, decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB), and 20-25 min synthesis time. [11C]CGS 25966 was prepared in our previous work starting from amino acid (D)-valine. The biodistribution of [11C]MSMA and [11C]CGS 25966 were determined at 45 min post iv injection in breast cancer animal models MCF-7's transfected with IL-1alpha implanted athymic mice and MDA-MB-435 implanted athymic mice. The results showed the uptakes of [11C]MSMA and [11C]CGS 25966 in these tumors were 0.95 and 0.42%dose/g in MCF-7's transfected with IL-1alpha implanted mice, 0.98 and 1.53%dose/g in MDA-MB-435 implanted mice, respectively; the ratios of tumor/muscle (T/M) and tumor/blood (T/B) were 1.21 and 1.09 (T/M, MCF-7's), 0.99 and 0.84 (T/B, MCF-7's), 1.38 and 1.27 (T/M, MDA-MB-435), 1.27 and 1.95 (T/B, MDA-MB-435), respectively. The micro-PET images of [11C]MSMA and [11C]CGS 25966 in both breast cancer athymic mice were acquired for 15 min from a MCF-7's transfected with IL-1alpha and/or MDA-MB-435 implanted mouse at 45 min post iv injection of 1 mCi of the tracer using a dedicated high resolution (<3 mm full-width at half-maximum) small FOV (field-of-view) PET imaging system, Indy-PET II scanner, developed in our laboratory, which showed both tumors were invisible with both tracers. The results were compared. From our results, we concluded that both [11C]MSMA and [11C]CGS 25966 might be unsuitable as PET tracers for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Eatock M, Cassidy J, Johnson J, Morrison R, Devlin M, Blackey R, Owen S, Choi L, Twelves C. A dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MMI270 (previously termed CGS27023A) with 5-FU and folinic acid. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004; 55:39-46. [PMID: 15368080 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2003] [Accepted: 05/04/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The orally bioavailable matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor MMI270 reduces tumour growth metastasis in preclinical models. We assessed the feasibility and pharmacokinetic interactions of combining MMI270 with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA). Entered into the study were 33 patients with advanced colorectal cancer. They received FA 200 mg/m2 over 2 h followed by 5-FU 400 mg/m2 over 15 min and 5-FU 600 mg/m2 over 22 h on days 1 and 2 of a 14-day cycle. MMI270 commenced with the second cycle at either 50 mg once daily, 150 mg three times daily or 300 mg twice daily. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed at any MMI270 dose level. Ten patients (61%) experienced joint symptoms independent of MMI270 dose, leading to interruption, modification, or discontinuation of treatment in seven patients (23%). MMI270 did not alter 5-FU pharmacokinetics. Six patients had a partial response and seven had stable disease. 5-FU/FA with MMI270 at a dose of 300 mg twice daily is well tolerated. MMI270 has no significant effect on 5-FU pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eatock
- Cancer Research UK Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson Laboratories, Alexander Stone Building, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK.
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Noe MC, Snow SL, Wolf-Gouveia LA, Mitchell PG, Lopresti-Morrow L, Reeves LM, Yocum SA, Liras JL, Vaughn M. 3-Hydroxy-4-arylsulfonyltetrahydropyranyl-3-hydroxamic acids are novel inhibitors of MMP-13 and aggrecanase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4727-30. [PMID: 15324896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Hydroxy-3-hydroxy-4-arylsulfonyltetrahydropyranyl-3-carboxamides were designed as novel inhibitors of MMP-13 and aggrecanase based on known endocyclic hydroxamate inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. These compounds offer favorable physicochemical properties and low metabolic clearance. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Noe
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Sanderson L, Taylor GW, Aboagye EO, Alao JP, Latigo JR, Coombes RC, Vigushin DM. Plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a after intraperitoneal administration to mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32:1132-8. [PMID: 15269190 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.104.000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A is a potent and specific histone deacetylase inhibitor with promising antitumor activity in preclinical models. Plasma pharmacokinetics of trichostatin A were studied following single-dose intraperitoneal administration of 80 mg/kg (high dose) or 0.5 mg/kg (low dose) to female BALB/c mice. Plasma trichostatin A concentrations were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV assay (high dose) or by HPLC-multiple reaction monitoring assay (low dose). Trichostatin A was rapidly absorbed from the peritoneum and detectable in plasma within 2 min. Cmax of 40 microg/ml and 8 ng/ml occurred within 5 min, followed by rapid exponential decay in plasma trichostatin A concentration with t1/2 of 6.3 min and 9.6 min (high and low doses, respectively). Phase I metabolites at the high dose were identified by simultaneous UV and positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Trichostatin A underwent extensive metabolism: primary metabolic pathways were N-demethylation, reduction of the hydroxamic acid to the corresponding trichostatin A amide, and oxidative deamination to trichostatic acid. N-Monomethyl trichostatin A amide was the major plasma metabolite. No didemethylated compounds were identified. Trichostatic acid underwent further biotransformation: reduction and beta-oxidation of the carboxylic acid, with or without N-demethylation, resulted in formation of dihydro trichostatic acid and dinor dihydro trichostatic acids. HPLC fractions corresponding to trichostatin A and N-demethylated trichostatin A exhibited histone deacetylase-inhibitory activity; no other fractions were biologically active. We conclude that trichostatin A is rapidly and extensively metabolized in vivo following intraperitoneal administration to mice, and N-demethylation does not compromise histone deacetylase-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sanderson
- Department of Cancer Medicine, 6th Floor MRC Cyclotron Building, Imperial College London (Hammersmith Hospital Campus), Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Wall L, Talbot DC, Bradbury P, Jodrell DI. A phase I and pharmacological study of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-3644 in patients with solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:800-4. [PMID: 14970856 PMCID: PMC2410175 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BB-3644 is an oral, broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) structurally related to marimastat and BB-94. It is also >10-fold more active than marimastat in inhibiting the processing of cell-bound TNF-alpha. Preclinical studies suggested a favourable toxicity profile when compared to marimastat, and therefore it was selected for clinical evaluation. Patients with advanced solid tumours against which established treatments had failed, or for which no satisfactory treatment exists and of good performance status, were eligible. Treatment consisted of twice daily (bd) oral BB-3644 for 84 days. The initial dose was 5 mg bd, and subsequent cohorts were treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg bd. In all, 22 patients were enrolled. The dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was musculoskeletal pain. For 28 days of treatment with BB-3644, 20 mg bd was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), as at 30 mg bd, six of nine patients developed significant musculoskeletal toxicity by day 28. Following chronic oral dosing (>28 days) with BB-3644, three of five patients treated at 10 mg bd developed musculoskeletal DLT by day 84, defining the MTD as 5 mg bd. As dose-limiting musculoskeletal toxicity was encountered at doses of BB-3644 unlikely to provide an advantage over currently available MMPIs, further evaluation is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wall
- Cancer Research UK Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK.
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