1
|
Gebrael G, Jo Y, Swami U, Plets M, Hage Chehade C, Narang A, Gupta S, Myint ZW, Sayegh N, Tangen CM, Hussain M, Dorff T, Lara PN, Lerner SP, Thompson I, Agarwal N. Bone Pain and Survival Among Patients With Metastatic, Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the SWOG-1216 Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2419966. [PMID: 38980676 PMCID: PMC11234233 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The presence of bone pain is significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, there are few data regarding bone pain and survival outcomes in the context of metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (MHSPC). Objective To compare survival outcomes among patients with MHSPC by presence or absence of baseline bone pain at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants This post hoc secondary analysis, conducted from September 1 to December 31, 2023, used patient-level data from SWOG-1216, a phase 3, prospective randomized clinical trial that enrolled patients with newly diagnosed MHSPC from 248 academic and community centers across the US from March 1, 2013, to July 15, 2017. All patients in the intention-to-treat population who had available bone pain status were eligible and included in this secondary analysis. Interventions In the SWOG-1216 trial, patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with orteronel, 300 mg orally twice daily (experimental group), or ADT with bicalutamide, 50 mg orally daily (control group), until disease progression, unacceptable toxic effects, or patient withdrawal. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival was the primary end point; progression-free survival (PFS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response were secondary end points. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for both univariable and multivariable analyses adjusting for age, treatment type, Gleason score, disease volume, Zubrod performance status, and PSA level. Results Of the 1279 male study participants, 301 (23.5%) had baseline bone pain at MHSPC diagnosis and 896 (70.1%) did not. Bone pain status was unavailable in 82 patients (6.4%). The median age of the 1197 patients eligible and included in this secondary analysis was 67.6 years (IQR, 61.8-73.6 years). Compared with patients who did not experience bone pain, those with baseline bone pain were younger (median age, 66.0 [IQR, 60.1-73.4] years vs 68.2 [IQR, 62.4-73.7] years; P = .02) and had a higher incidence of high-volume disease (212 [70.4%] vs 373 [41.6%]; P < .001). After adjustment, bone pain was associated with shorter PFS and OS. At a median follow-up of 4.0 years (IQR, 2.5-5.4 years), patients with bone pain had median PFS of 1.3 years (95% CI, 1.1-1.7 years) vs 3.7 years (95% CI, 3.3-4.2 years) in patients without initial bone pain (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22-1.74; P < .001) and OS of 3.9 years (95% CI, 3.3-4.8 years) vs not reached (NR) (95% CI, 6.6 years to NR) in patients without initial bone pain (AHR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.34-2.05; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this post hoc secondary analysis of the SWOG-1216 randomized clinical trial, patients with baseline bone pain at MHSPC diagnosis had worse survival outcomes than those without bone pain. These data suggest prioritizing these patients for enrollment in clinical trials, may aid patient counseling, and indicate that the inclusion of bone pain in prognostic models of MHSPC may be warranted. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01809691.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georges Gebrael
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Umang Swami
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Melissa Plets
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Arshit Narang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zin W Myint
- Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Nicolas Sayegh
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Maha Hussain
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tanya Dorff
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento
| | | | - Ian Thompson
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sentana-Lledo D, Chu X, Jarrard DF, Carducci MA, DiPaola RS, Wagner LI, Cella D, Sweeney CJ, Morgans AK. Patient-reported Quality of Life and Survival Outcomes in Prostate Cancer: Analysis of the ECOG-ACRIN E3805 Chemohormonal Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial (CHAARTED). Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00102-0. [PMID: 38688766 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemohormonal therapy with androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel (ADT + D) improves overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QOL) at 12 mo versus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, the prognostic role of QOL is unknown in this population. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between QOL, disease characteristics, and OS in men with mHSPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this exploratory post hoc analysis, 790 patients with mHSPC completed the QOL instruments Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models tested the association between QOL and OS by clinical and disease characteristics. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Baseline higher FACT-P trended toward improved survival after accounting for clinical variables (hazard ratio [HR] 0.80 [0.62, 1.04], p = 0.09), while higher 3-mo FACT-P was independently associated with better survival (HR 0.76 [0.58, 1.0], p = 0.05). Patients with the poorest QOL (bottom quartile) at baseline and 3 mo had longer survival if they received ADT + D rather than ADT alone (median OS 45.2 vs 34.4 mo, HR 0.75 [0.53, 1.05], p = 0.09, and 48.3 vs 29.3 mo, HR 0.69 [0.48, 0.99], p = 0.05 respectively). In contrast, patients with the best QOL (top quartile) at baseline and 3 mo had comparable survival irrespective of whether or not docetaxel was added (median OS 72.1 vs 51.7 mo, HR 0.92 [0.63, 1.36], p = 0.69, and 69.9 vs 68.9 mo, HR 1.11 [0.73, 1.67], p = 0.63, respectively). Survival was linked with baseline FACIT-F (HR 0.76 [0.57, 1.0], p = 0.05), but not BPI (HR 0.98 [0.75, 1.28], p = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Three-month QOL had a stronger independent association with survival. The most symptomatic patients had longer survival with the addition of docetaxel; conversely, the least symptomatic patients did not appear to benefit. Consideration of QOL may enhance decision-making and patient selection when choosing chemohormonal treatment in mHSPC. PATIENT SUMMARY Quality of life independently forecasted the survival of men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in the CHAARTED study. Close tracking of quality of life could help patients and clinicians make decisions about the appropriate treatment in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangying Chu
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute - ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David F Jarrard
- University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Lynn I Wagner
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Sweeney
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rencsok EM, Slopen N, McManus HD, Autio KA, Morgans AK, McSwain L, Barata P, Cheng HH, Dreicer R, Gerke T, Green R, Heath EI, Howard LE, McKay RR, Nowak J, Pileggi S, Pomerantz MM, Rathkopf DE, Tagawa ST, Whang YE, Ragin C, Odedina FT, Kantoff PW, Vinson J, Villanti P, Haneuse S, Mucci LA, George DJ. Pain and Its Association with Survival for Black and White Individuals with Advanced Prostate Cancer in the United States. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:55-64. [PMID: 38108490 PMCID: PMC10773321 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone pain is a well-known quality-of-life detriment for individuals with prostate cancer and is associated with survival. This study expands previous work into racial differences in multiple patient-reported dimensions of pain and the association between baseline and longitudinal pain and mortality. This is a prospective cohort study of individuals with newly diagnosed advanced prostate cancer enrolled in the International Registry for Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer (IRONMAN) from 2017 to 2023 at U.S. sites. Differences in four pain scores at study enrollment by race were investigated. Cox proportional hazards models and joint longitudinal survival models were fit for each of the scale scores to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association with all-cause mortality. The cohort included 879 individuals (20% self-identifying as Black) enrolled at 38 U.S. sites. Black participants had worse pain at baseline compared with White participants, most notably a higher average pain rating (mean 3.1 vs. 2.2 on a 10-point scale). For each pain scale, higher pain was associated with higher mortality after adjusting for measures of disease burden, particularly for severe bone pain compared with no pain (HR, 2.47; 95% CI: 1.44-4.22). The association between pain and all-cause mortality was stronger for participants with castration-resistant prostate cancer compared with those with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and was similar among Black and White participants. Overall, Black participants reported worse pain than White participants, and more severe pain was associated with higher mortality independent of clinical covariates for all pain scales. SIGNIFICANCE Black participants with advanced prostate cancer reported worse pain than White participants, and more pain was associated with worse survival. More holistic clinical assessments of pain in this population are needed to determine the factors upon which to intervene to improve quality of life and survivorship, particularly for Black individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Rencsok
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Karen A. Autio
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Pedro Barata
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Heather H. Cheng
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert Dreicer
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Travis Gerke
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC), New York, New York
| | - Rebecca Green
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC), New York, New York
| | | | | | - Rana R. McKay
- Department of Oncology, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Joel Nowak
- Patient author, Durham, North Carolina
- Cancer ABCs, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Shannon Pileggi
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC), New York, New York
| | | | | | - Scott T. Tagawa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Young E. Whang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Camille Ragin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Folakemi T. Odedina
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
- Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC), Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Philip W. Kantoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Convergent Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jake Vinson
- Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium (PCCTC), New York, New York
| | | | - Sebastien Haneuse
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fizazi K, Herrmann K, Krause BJ, Rahbar K, Chi KN, Morris MJ, Sartor O, Tagawa ST, Kendi AT, Vogelzang N, Calais J, Nagarajah J, Wei XX, Koshkin VS, Beauregard JM, Chang B, Ghouse R, DeSilvio M, Messmann RA, de Bono J. Health-related quality of life and pain outcomes with [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard of care versus standard of care in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (VISION): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:597-610. [PMID: 37269841 PMCID: PMC10641914 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In VISION, the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (vipivotide tetraxetan) improved radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival when added to protocol-permitted standard of care in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here, we report additional health-related quality of life (HRQOL), pain, and symptomatic skeletal event results. METHODS This multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial was conducted at 84 cancer centres in nine countries in North America and Europe. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older; had progressive PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0-2; and had previously received of at least one androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and one or two taxane-containing regimens. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 plus protocol-permitted standard of care ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group) or standard of care alone (control group) using permuted blocks. Randomisation was stratified by baseline lactate dehydrogenase concentration, liver metastases, ECOG performance status, and androgen receptor pathway inhibitor inclusion in standard of care. Patients in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group received intravenous infusions of 7·4 gigabecquerel (GBq; 200 millicurie [mCi]) [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 every 6 weeks for four cycles plus two optional additional cycles. Standard of care included approved hormonal treatments, bisphosphonates, and radiotherapy. The alternate primary endpoints were radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival, which have been reported. Here we report the key secondary endpoint of time to first symptomatic skeletal event, and other secondary endpoints of HRQOL assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) and EQ-5D-5L, and pain assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF). Patient-reported outcomes and symptomatic skeletal events were analysed in all patients who were randomly assigned after implementation of measures designed to reduce the dropout rate in the control group (on or after March 5, 2019), and safety was analysed according to treatment received in all patients who received at least one dose of treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03511664, and is active but not recruiting. FINDINGS Between June 4, 2018, and Oct 23, 2019, 831 patients were enrolled, of whom 581 were randomly assigned to the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group (n=385) or control group (n=196) on or after March 5, 2019, and were included in analyses of HRQOL, pain, and time to first symptomatic skeletal event. The median age of patients was 71 years (IQR 65-75) in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and 72·0 years (66-76) in the control group. Median time to first symptomatic skeletal event or death was 11·5 months (95% CI 10·3-13·2) in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and 6·8 months (5·2-8·5) in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·50, 95% CI 0·40-0·62). Time to worsening was delayed in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group versus the control group for FACT-P score (HR 0·54, 0·45-0·66) and subdomains, BPI-SF pain intensity score (0·52, 0·42-0·63), and EQ-5D-5L utility score (0·65, 0·54-0·78). Grade 3 or 4 haematological adverse events included decreased haemoglobin (80 [15%] of 529 assessable patients who received [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard of care vs 13 [6%] of 205 who received standard of care only), lymphocyte concentrations (269 [51%] vs 39 [19%]), and platelet counts (49 [9%] vs five [2%]). Treatment-related adverse events leading to death occurred in five (1%) patients who received [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard of care (pancytopenia [n=2], bone marrow failure [n=1], subdural haematoma [n=1], and intracranial haemorrhage [n=1]) and no patients who received standard of care only. INTERPRETATION [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard of care delayed time to worsening in HRQOL and time to skeletal events compared with standard of care alone. These findings support the use of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who received previous androgen receptor pathway inhibitor and taxane treatment. FUNDING Advanced Accelerator Applications (Novartis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Ken Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kambiz Rahbar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Kim N Chi
- Medical Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Department of Urology, Hematology, and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayse T Kendi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jeremie Calais
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Nagarajah
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xiao X Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian Chang
- Radiation Oncology Associates, Parkview Hospital, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Ray Ghouse
- Advanced Accelerator Applications (Novartis), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yoneda T, Hiasa M, Okui T, Hata K. Cancer-nerve interplay in cancer progression and cancer-induced bone pain. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:415-427. [PMID: 36715764 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is one of the most common and debilitating complications associated with bone metastasis. Although our understanding of the precise mechanism is limited, it has been known that bone is densely innervated, and that CIBP is elicited as a consequence of increased neurogenesis, reprogramming, and axonogenesis in conjunction with sensitization and excitation of sensory nerves (SNs) in response to the noxious stimuli that are derived from the tumor microenvironment developed in bone. Recent studies have shown that the sensitized and excited nerves innervating the tumor establish intimate communications with cancer cells by releasing various tumor-stimulating factors for tumor progression. APPROACHES In this review, the role of the interactions of cancer cells and SNs in bone in the pathophysiology of CIBP will be discussed with a special focus on the role of the noxious acidic tumor microenvironment, considering that bone is in nature hypoxic, which facilitates the generation of acidic conditions by cancer. Subsequently, the role of SNs in the regulation of cancer progression in the bone will be discussed together with our recent experimental findings. CONCLUSION It is suggested that SNs may be a newly-recognized important component of the bone microenvironment that contribute to not only in the pathophysiology of CIBP but also cancer progression in bone and dissemination from bone. Suppression of the activity of bone-innervating SNs, thus, may provide unique opportunities in the treatment of cancer progression and dissemination, as well as CIBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
George DJ, Mohamed AF, Tsai J, Karimi M, Ning N, Jayade S, Botteman M. Understanding what matters to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients when considering treatment options: A US patient preference survey. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6040-6055. [PMID: 36226867 PMCID: PMC10028042 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how patients perceive the efficacy, safety, and administrative burden of treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) can facilitate shared-decision making for optimal management. This study sought to elicit patient preferences for mCRPC treatments in the US. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey using the discrete-choice experiment method. Participants were asked to state their choices over successive sets of treatment alternatives, defined by varying levels of treatment attributes: overall survival (OS), months until patients develop a fracture or bone metastasis, likelihood of requiring radiation to control bone pain, fatigue, nausea, and administration (i.e., oral/IV injection/IV infusion). Using mixed logit models, we determined the value (i.e., preference weights) that respondents placed on each attribute. Relative attribute importance (RAI) and marginal rates of substitution (MRS) were calculated to understand patients' willingness to make tradeoffs among different attributes. RESULTS The final data set numbered 160 participants, with a mean age of 71.6 years old and a mean of 8.96 years since prostate cancer diagnosis. Participants' treatment preferences were as follows: OS (RAI: 31%), bone pain control (23%), nausea (16%), delaying fracture or bone metastasis (15%), fatigue (11%), and administration (3%). The MRS demonstrated that respondents were willing to trade 1.9 months of OS to eliminate moderate nausea and 3.3 months of OS for a reduction in fatigue from severe to mild. CONCLUSIONS Improving OS is the highest priority for patients with mCRPC, but they are willing to trade some survival to reduce the risk of requiring radiation to control bone pain, delay a fracture or bone metastasis, and experience less severe nausea and fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jui‐Hua Tsai
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Milad Karimi
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ning Ning
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sayeli Jayade
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Marc Botteman
- Evidence and AccessOPEN HealthParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roy S, Morgan SC, Wallis CJD, Sun Y, Spratt DE, Malone J, Grimes S, Mukherjee D, Kishan AU, Saad F, Malone S. Association of dynamic change in patient-reported pain with survival in metastatic castrate sensitive prostate cancer-exploratory analysis of LATITUDE study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:96-104. [PMID: 36097167 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is an important dimension of quality-of-life in patients with metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). However, it is unclear if dynamic change in pain over time can predict for overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in these patients. METHODS This is an exploratory analysis of LATITUDE, a phase III randomized study, in which men with de novo mCSPC were randomized to receive either ADT plus abiraterone versus ADT alone. Information was collected on patient-reported worst pain score (WPS) and pain-interference score (PIS) from the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. A Bayesian joint modelling approach was used determine the association of dynamic change in WPS and PIS with OS and PFS. RESULTS Overall, 1125 patients with at least 3 measurements on pain scores were eligible. On Cox multivariable regression, increase in baseline WPS was associated with inferior OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.049 [95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.015-1.085]; time dependent area under curve [tAUC] 0.64) and PFS (HR 1.045 [1.011-1.080]; tAUC: 0.64). Increase in baseline PIS was associated with inferior OS (HR 1.062 [1.020-1.105]; tAUC: 0.63) but not with PFS (HR 1.038 [0.996-1.08]). On independent joint models, an increase in the current value of WPS by 1-unit was associated with inferior OS (HR 1.316 [1.258-1.376]; tAUC 0.74) and PFS (HR 1.319 [1.260-1.382]; tAUC 0.70). Similar association was seen for increase in the current value of PIS with OS (HR 1.319 [1.261-1.381]; tAUC 0.73) and PFS (HR 1.282 [1.224-1.344]; tAUC 0.73). CONCLUSIONS The above findings highlight the potential dynamic interplay between patient-reported pain with OS and PFS in mCSPC. Compared to baseline pain, such dynamic assessment of pain was found to have superior predictive ability and thus has the potential to tailor subsequent treatment based on response to initial therapy beyond its role as a very important dimension of quality-of-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Scott C Morgan
- Radiation Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- University Hospital Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Scott Grimes
- Radiation Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Department of surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn Malone
- Radiation Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim VS, Yang H, Timilshina N, Breunis H, Emmenegger U, Gregg R, Hansen AR, Tomlinson G, Alibhai SMH. The role of frailty in modifying physical function and quality of life over time in older men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101417. [PMID: 36682218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As treatment options for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) expand and its patient population ages, consideration of frailty is increasingly relevant. Using a novel frailty index (FI) and two common frailty screening tools, we examined quality of life (QoL) and physical function (PF) in frail versus non-frail men receiving treatment for mCRPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Men aged 65+ starting docetaxel chemotherapy, abiraterone, or enzalutamide for mCRPC were enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort study. QoL, fatigue, pain, and mood were measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General scale, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System tiredness and pain subscales, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. PF was evaluated with grip strength, four-meter gait speed, five times Sit-to-Stand Test, and instrumental activities of daily living. Frailty was determined using the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13), the Geriatric 8 (G8), and an FI constructed from 36 variables spanning laboratory abnormalities, geriatric syndromes, functional status, social support, as well as emotional, cognitive, and physical deficits. We categorized patients as non-frail (FI ≤ 0.2, VES < 3, G8 > 14), pre-frail (FI > 0.20, ≤0.35), or frail (FI > 0.35, VES ≥ 3, G8 ≤ 14); assessed correlation between the three tools; and performed linear mixed-effects regression analyses to examine longitudinal differences in outcomes (0, 3, 6 months) by frailty status. A sensitivity analysis with worst-case imputation was conducted to explore attrition. RESULTS We enrolled 175 men (mean age 74.9 years) starting docetaxel (n = 71), abiraterone (n = 37), or enzalutamide (n = 67). Our FI demonstrated moderate correlation with the VES-13 (r = 0.607, p < 0.001) and the G8 (r = -0.520, p < 0.001). Baseline FI score was associated with worse QoL (p < 0.001), fatigue (p < 0.001), pain (p < 0.001), mood (p < 0.001), PF (p < 0.001), and higher attrition (p < 0.01). Over time, most outcomes remained stable, although pain improved, on average, regardless of frailty status (p = 0.007), while fatigue (p = 0.045) and mood (p = 0.015) improved in frail patients alone. DISCUSSION Among older men receiving care for mCRPC, frailty may be associated with worse baseline QoL and PF, but over time, frail patients may experience largely similar trends in QoL and PF as their non-frail counterparts. Further study with larger sample size and longer follow-up may help elucidate how best to incorporate frailty into treatment decision-making for mCRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Kim
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Yang
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Urban Emmenegger
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard Gregg
- Division of Medical Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shabbir M H Alibhai
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou K, Li C, Chen T, Zhang X, Ma B. C-reactive protein levels could be a prognosis predictor of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1111277. [PMID: 36817592 PMCID: PMC9935698 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the C-reactive protein (CRP) and prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa) has been widely discussed over the past few years but remains controversial. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our meta-analysis, we searched 16 reliable studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Otherwise, we have successfully registered on the INPLASY. We also performed random- and fixed-effects models to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. RESULT The result of our meta-analysis shows that elevated CRP levels were related to worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.752, 95% CI = 1.304-2.355, p = 0.000), cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 1.663, 95% CI = 1.064-2.6, p = 0.026), and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.663, 95% CI = 1.064-2.6, p = 0.026) of PCa patients. There was significant heterogeneity, so we performed a subgroup analysis according to the staging of the disease and found the same result. Furthermore, the heterogeneity was also reduced, and no statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the level of CRP could reflect the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. We find that PCa patients with high levels of CRP often have worse OS, CSS, and PFS, although the stages of the patients' disease are different. More studies are needed to verify this idea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kechong Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Baoluo Ma
- Department of Urology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Baoluo Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Optimized Therapeutic 177Lu-Labeled PSMA-Targeted Ligands with Improved Pharmacokinetic Characteristics for Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121530. [PMID: 36558981 PMCID: PMC9782218 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown the significant efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 for treating prostate cancer. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic performance of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 still need further improvement to meet clinical expectations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic potential of three novel 177Lu-labeled ligands for the treatment of prostate cancer. The novel ligands were efficiently synthesized and radiolabeled with non-carrier added 177Lu; the radiochemical purity of the final products was determined by Radio-HPLC. The specific cell-binding affinity to PSMA was evaluated in vitro using prostate cancer cell lines 22Rv1and PC-3. Blood pharmacokinetic analysis, biodistribution experiments, small animal SPCET imaging and treatment experiments were performed on normal and tumor-bearing mice. Among all the novel ligands developed in this study, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Q showed the highest uptake in 22Rv1 cells, while there was almost no uptake in PC-3 cells. As the SPECT imaging tracer, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Q is highly specific in delineating PSMA-positive tumors, with a shorter clearance half-life and higher tumor-to-background ratio than [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Biodistribution studies verified the SPECT imaging results. Furthermore, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Q serves well as an effective therapeutic ligand to suppress tumor growth and improve the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. All the results strongly demonstrate that [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-Q is a PSMA-specific ligand with significant anti-tumor effect in preclinical models, and further clinical evaluation is worth conducting.
Collapse
|
11
|
Smith AE, Muralidharan A, Smith MT. Prostate cancer induced bone pain: pathobiology, current treatments and pain responses from recent clinical trials. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:108. [PMID: 36258057 PMCID: PMC9579264 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic spread of prostate cancer to the skeleton may result in debilitating bone pain. In this review, we address mechanisms underpinning the pathobiology of metastatic prostate cancer induced bone pain (PCIBP) that include sensitization and sprouting of primary afferent sensory nerve fibres in bone. We also review current treatments and pain responses evoked by various treatment modalities in clinical trials in this patient population. METHODS We reviewed the literature using PubMed to identify research on the pathobiology of PCIBP. Additionally, we reviewed clinical trials of various treatment modalities in patients with PCIBP with pain response outcomes published in the past 7 years. RESULTS Recent clinical trials show that radionuclides, given either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, evoked favourable pain responses in many patients and a single fraction of local external beam radiation therapy was as effective as multiple fractions. However, treatment with chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors and/or immunotherapy agents, produced variable pain responses but pain response was the primary endpoint in only one of these trials. Additionally, there were no published trials of potentially novel analgesic agents in patients with PCIBP. CONCLUSION There is a knowledge gap for clinical trials of chemotherapy, small molecule inhibitors and/or immunotherapy in patients with PCIBP where pain response is the primary endpoint. Also, there are no novel analgesic agents on the horizon for the relief of PCIBP and this is an area of large unmet medical need that warrants concerted research attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Smith
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - A. Muralidharan
- Neurobiology of Chronic Pain, The Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - M. T. Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hawkey NM, Broderick A, George DJ, Sartor O, Armstrong AJ. The Value of Phenotypic Precision Medicine in Prostate Cancer. Oncologist 2022; 28:93-104. [PMID: 36200788 PMCID: PMC9907055 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. For patients who develop metastatic disease, tissue-based and circulating-tumor-based molecular and genomic biomarkers have emerged as a means of improving outcomes through the application of precision medicine. However, the benefit is limited to a minority of patients. An additional approach to further characterize the biology of advanced prostate cancer is through the use of phenotypic precision medicine, or the identification and targeting of phenotypic features of an individual patient's cancer. In this review article, we will discuss the background, potential clinical benefits, and limitations of genomic and phenotypic precision medicine in prostate cancer. We will also highlight how the emergence of image-based phenotypic medicine may lead to greater characterization of advanced prostate cancer disease burden and more individualized treatment approaches in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Hawkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Broderick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Division of Genitourinary Oncology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Corresponding author: Andrew J. Armstrong, MD, ScM, FACP, Department of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Director of Research, the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke University, DUMC Box 103861, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alam MR, Singh SB, Thapaliya S, Shrestha S, Deo S, Khanal K. A Review of 177Lutetium-PSMA and 225Actinium-PSMA as Emerging Theranostic Agents in Prostate Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e29369. [PMID: 36284803 PMCID: PMC9584169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands labeled with radionuclides is a ground-breaking achievement in the management of prostate cancer. With the increasing use of 68Gallium-PSMA and 18F-DCFPyL (Pylarify) and their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), other PSMA agents and their unique characteristics are also being studied. Two other PSMA agents, namely 177Lutetium-PSMA (177Lu-PSMA) and 225Actinium-PSMA (225Ac-PSMA), are currently drawing the researcher’s attention mainly due to their theranostic importance. Studies focusing on the essential characteristics of these two emerging radiotracers are relatively lacking. Hence, this review article, beginning with a brief introduction, intends to provide insights on the mechanism, efficacy, adverse effects, usefulness, including theranostic implications, and limitations of these two emerging PSMA agents. The 177Lu-PSMA is commercially accessible, is well tolerated, and has been found to lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels while improving patients’ quality of life. It also reduces pain and the requirement for analgesics and is safe for advanced diseases. However, despite its potential advantages, around one-third of patients do not respond satisfactorily to this costly treatment; it is still challenging to personalize this therapy and predict its outcome. Similarly, 225Ac is compatible with antibody-based targeting vectors, releasing four extremely hazardous high-energy emissions with a longer half-life of 10 days. It has made 225Ac-PSMA therapy useful for tumors resistant to standard treatments, with a better response than 177Lu-PSMA. Dosimetry studies show a good biochemical response without toxicity in patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, it can potentially cause significant damage to healthy tissues if not retained at the tumor site. Encapsulating radionuclides in a nano-carrier, hastening the absorption by tumor cells, and local delivery might all help reduce the harmful consequences. Both have advantages and disadvantages. The choice of PSMA agents may rely on desired qualities, cost, and convenience, among other factors. Further research is warranted in order to better understand their ideal use in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu HL, Tai YH, Li CC, Cata JP, Wang CW, Chang KY, Tsou MY, Lin SP. Dose-response relationship between epidural bupivacaine dose and mortality risk after surgical resection of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:952-957. [PMID: 36150106 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have shown that local anesthetics may modify the growth and invasion of cancer cells. However, few clinical studies have evaluated their impact on cancer outcomes after tumor resection. METHODS In this single-center cohort study, patients who underwent surgical resection of stage IA through IIIB nonsmall-cell lung cancer and used patient-controlled epidural analgesia from 2005 to 2015 were recruited and followed until May 2017. Data of the epidural bupivacaine dose for each patient were obtained from infusion pump machines. Proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations between bupivacaine dose with postoperative cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 464 patients were analyzed. Among these patients, the mean bupivacaine dose was 352 mg (± standard deviation 74 mg). After adjusting for important clinical and pathological covariates, a significant dose-response relationship was observed between epidural bupivacaine dose and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.008, 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.016, p = 0.029). The association between bupivacaine dose and cancer recurrence were not significant (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.000, 95% confidence interval: 0.997-1.002, p = 0.771). Age, sex, body mass index, mean daily maximum pain score, and pathological perineural infiltration were independently associated with bupivacaine dose. CONCLUSION A dose-dependent association was found between epidural bupivacaine dose and long-term mortality among patients following surgical resection of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Our findings do not support the hypothetical anticancer benefits of local anesthetics. More studies are needed to elucidate the role of local anesthetics in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chien-Wun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Pin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Langbein T, Kulkarni HR, Schuchardt C, Mueller D, Volk GF, Baum RP. Salivary Gland Toxicity of PSMA-Targeted Radioligand Therapy with 177Lu-PSMA and Combined 225Ac- and 177Lu-Labeled PSMA Ligands (TANDEM-PRLT) in Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Single-Center Systematic Investigation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081926. [PMID: 36010276 PMCID: PMC9406477 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT) is a promising treatment option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, a high uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the salivary glands (SG) can lead to xerostomia and becomes dose-limiting for 225Ac-PSMA-617. This study investigated the sialotoxicity of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T/-617 monotherapy and co-administered 225Ac-PSMA-617 and 177Lu-PSMA-617 (Tandem-PPRLT). Methods: Three patient cohorts, that had undergone 177Lu-PSMA-I&T/-617 monotherapy or Tandem-PRLT, were retrospectively analyzed. In a short-term cohort (91 patients), a xerostomia assessment (CTCAE v.5.0), a standardized questionnaire (sXI), salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS), and SG SUVmax and the metabolic volume (MV) on 68Ga-PSMA-11-PET/CT were obtained before and after two cycles of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T/-617. In a long-term cohort, 40 patients were similarly examined. In a Tandem cohort, the same protocol was applied to 18 patients after one cycle of Tandem-PRLT. Results: Grade 1 xerostomia in the short-term follow-up was observed in 22 (24.2%) patients with a worsening of sXI from 7 to 8 at (p < 0.05). In the long-term cohort, xerostomia grades 1 to 2 occurred in 16 (40%) patients. SGS showed no significant changes, but there was a decline of the MV of all SGs. After Tandem-PRLT, 12/18 (66.7%) patients reported xerostomia grades 1 to 2, and the sXI significantly worsened from 9.5 to 14.0 (p = 0.005), with a significant reduction in the excretion fraction (EF) and MV of all SGs. Conclusion: 177Lu-PSMA-I&T/-617 causes only minor SG toxicity, while one cycle of Tandem-PRLT results in a significant SG impairment. This standardized protocol may help to objectify and quantify SG dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Langbein
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-8941402972; Fax: +49-8941404950
| | - Harshad R. Kulkarni
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany
- BAMF Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Christiane Schuchardt
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Dirk Mueller
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Center for Rare Diseases Jena, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard P. Baum
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, 99438 Bad Berka, Germany
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schuchardt C, Zhang J, Kulkarni HR, Chen X, Müller D, Baum RP. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Radioligand Therapy Using 177Lu-PSMA I&T and 177Lu-PSMA-617 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Safety, Biodistribution, and Dosimetry. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1199-1207. [PMID: 34887335 PMCID: PMC9364353 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the safety, kinetics, and dosimetry of the 177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) small molecules 177Lu-PSMA I&T and 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a large cohort of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing PSMA radioligand therapy (PRLT). Methods: In total, 138 patients (mean age, 70 ± 9 y; age range, 46-90 y) with progressive mCRPC and PSMA expression verified by 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT underwent PRLT. Fifty-one patients received 6.1 ± 1.0 GBq (range, 3.4-7.6 GBq) of 177Lu-PSMA I&T, and 87 patients received 6.5 ± 1.1 GBq (range, 3.5-9.0 GBq) of 177Lu-PSMA-617. Dosimetry was performed on all patients using an identical protocol. The mean absorbed doses were estimated with OLINDA software (MIRD Scheme). Treatment-related adverse events were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0, of the National Cancer Institute. Results: The whole-body half-lives were shorter for 177Lu-PSMA I&T (35 h) than for 177Lu-PSMA-617 (42 h). The mean whole-body dose of 177Lu-PSMA-617 was higher than that of 177Lu-PSMA I&T (0.04 vs. 0.03 Gy/GBq, P < 0.00001). Despite the longer half-life of 177Lu-PSMA-617, the renal dose was lower for 177Lu-PSMA-617 than for 177Lu-PSMA I&T (0.77 vs. 0.92 Gy/GBq, P = 0.0015). Both PSMA small molecules demonstrated a comparable dose to the parotid glands (0.5 Gy/GBq, P = 0.27). Among all normal organs, the lacrimal glands exhibited the highest mean absorbed doses, 5.1 and 3.7 Gy/GBq, for 177Lu-PSMA-617 and 177Lu-PSMA I&T, respectively. All tumor metastases exhibited a higher initial uptake when using 177Lu-PSMA I&T than when using 177Lu-PSMA-617, as well as a shorter tumor half-life (P < 0.00001). The mean absorbed tumor doses were comparable for both 177Lu-PSMA I&T and 177Lu-PSMA-617 (5.8 vs. 5.9 Gy/GBq, P = 0.96). All patients tolerated the therapy without any acute adverse effects. After 177Lu-PSMA-617 and 177Lu-PSMA I&T, there was a small, statistically significant reduction in hemoglobin, leukocyte counts, and platelet counts that did not need any clinical intervention. No nephrotoxicity was observed after either 177Lu-PSMA I&T or 177Lu-PSMA-617 PRLT. Conclusion: Both 177Lu-PSMA I&T and 177Lu-PSMA-617 PRLT demonstrated favorable safety in mCRPC patients. The highest absorbed doses among healthy organs were in the lacrimal and parotid glands-not, however, resulting in any significant clinical sequel. 177Lu-PSMA-617 demonstrated a higher absorbed dose to the whole-body and lacrimal glands but a lower renal dose than did 177Lu-PSMA I&T. The mean absorbed tumor doses were comparable for both 177Lu-PSMA I&T and 177Lu-PSMA-617. There was a large interpatient variability in the dosimetry parameters. Therefore, individual patient-based dosimetry seems favorable for personalized PRLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Schuchardt
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore;,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harshad R. Kulkarni
- Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore;,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore;,Departments of Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dirk Müller
- University Hospital Ulm, Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Richard P. Baum
- Curanosticum Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases: toward the best therapeutic choice. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:145. [PMID: 35834026 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has evolved extremely in recent years and several drug classes are now available. Nonetheless, the lack of validated predictive biomarkers makes therapeutic choice and the best sequential approach difficult. The location of the metastatic site could be a valid criterion for choosing among the treatment options available. Although bone remains the most frequent metastatic site and a possible target for many drugs, recent data suggest a profound shift in the disease spectrum with visceral metastases increasing incidence. This review describes the presently available and ongoing therapies for patients with CRPC and bone metastases, focusing on the role of bone metastases as a possible driver for selecting therapies in these patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Procopio G, Chiuri V, Giordano M, Alitto A, Maisano R, Bordonaro R, Cinieri S, Rossetti S, De Placido S, Airoldi M, Galli L, Gasparro D, Ludovico G, Guglielmini P, Carella C, Nova P, Aglietta M, Schips L, Beccaglia P, Sciarra A, Livi L, Santini D, Procopio G, Chiuri V, Mantini G, Roberto Bordonaro RM, Cinieri S, Rossetti S, De Placido S, Airoldi M, Galli L, Gasparro D, Ludovico GM, Guglielmini PF, Santini D, Naglieri E, Fagnani D, Aglietta M, Livi L, Schips L, Passalacqua R, Fiore M, D'Angelillo RM, Ceresoli GL, Magrini S, Rondonotti D, Mirone V, Ferriero MC, Sciarra A, Acquati M, Boccardo F, Scagliotti GV, Mencoboni M, De Giorgi U, Micheletti G, Lanzetta G, Sartori D, Carlini P, Soto Parra HJ, Battaglia M, Uricchio F, Bernardo A, De Lisa A, Carrieri G, Ardizzoia A, Aieta M, Pisconti S, Marchetti P, Paiar F. Real-world experience of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: long-term results of the prospective ABItude study. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100431. [PMID: 35405438 PMCID: PMC9058899 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited real-world data exist on the effectiveness and safety of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone hereafter) in the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) naive to chemotherapy. Most of the few available studies had a retrospective design and included a small number of patients. In the interim analysis of the ABItude study, abiraterone showed good clinical effectiveness and safety profile in the chemotherapy-naive setting over a median follow-up of 18 months. Patients and methods We evaluated clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone as for clinical practice in the Italian, observational, prospective, multicentric ABItude study. mCRPC patients were enrolled at abiraterone start (February 2016-June 2017) and followed up for 3 years; clinical endpoints and PROs, including quality of life (QoL) and pain, were prospectively collected. Kaplan–Meier curves were estimated. Results Of the 481 patients enrolled, 454 were assessable for final study analyses. At abiraterone start, the median age was 77 years, with 58.6% elderly patients and 69% having at least one comorbidity (57.5% cardiovascular diseases). Visceral metastases were present in 8.4% of patients. Over a median follow-up of 24.8 months, median progression-free survival (any progression reported by the investigators), time to abiraterone discontinuation, and overall survival were, respectively, 17.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.1-19.4 months], 16.0 months (95% CI 13.1-18.2 months), and 37.3 months (95% CI 36.5 months-not estimable); 64.2% of patients achieved ≥50% reduction in prostate-specific antigen. QoL assessed by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Prostate, the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level, and European Quality of Life Visual Analog Scale remained stable during treatment. Median time to pain progression according to Brief Pain Inventory data was 31.1 months (95% CI 24.8 months-not estimable). Sixty-two patients (13.1%) had at least one adverse drug reaction (ADR) and 8 (1.7%) one serious ADR. Conclusion With longer follow-up, abiraterone therapy remains safe, well tolerated, and active in a large unselected population. A prospective real-life study of abiraterone acetate in mCRPC patients. In 481 chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients (median follow-up: 25 months), abiraterone plus prednisone was effective and safe. QoL, measured with various tools, remained stable during treatment with abiraterone plus prednisone. The median time to pain progression was 31.1 months.
Collapse
|
19
|
Thiery-Vuillemin A, de Bono J, Hussain M, Roubaud G, Procopio G, Shore N, Fizazi K, Dos Anjos G, Gravis G, Joung JY, Matsubara N, Castellano D, Degboe A, Gresty C, Kang J, Allen A, Poehlein C, Saad F. Pain and health-related quality of life with olaparib versus physician's choice of next-generation hormonal drug in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with homologous recombination repair gene alterations (PROfound): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:393-405. [PMID: 35157830 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PROfound study showed significantly improved radiographical progression-free survival and overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with alterations in homologous recombination repair genes and disease progression on a previous next-generation hormonal drug who received olaparib then those who received control. We aimed to assess pain and patient-centric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in patients in the trial. METHODS In this open-label, randomised, phase 3 study, patients (aged ≥18 years) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and gene alterations to one of 15 genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM [cohort A] and BRIP1, BARD1, CDK12, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCL, PALB2, PPP2R2A, RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and RAD54L [cohort B]) and disease progression after a previous next-generation hormonal drug were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive olaparib tablets (300 mg orally twice daily) or a control drug (enzalutamide tablets [160 mg orally once daily] or abiraterone tablets [1000 mg orally once daily] plus prednisone tablets [5 mg orally twice daily]), stratified by previous taxane use and measurable disease. The primary endpoint (radiographical progression-free survival in cohort A) has been previously reported. The prespecified secondary endpoints reported here are on pain, HRQOL, symptomatic skeletal-related events, and time to first opiate use for cancer-related pain in cohort A. Pain was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, and HRQOL was assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P). All endpoints were analysed in patients in cohort A by modified intention-to-treat. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02987543. FINDINGS Between Feb 6, 2017, and June 4, 2019, 245 patients were enrolled in cohort A and received study treatment (162 [66%] in the olaparib group and 83 [34%] in the control group). Median duration of follow-up at data cutoff in all patients was 6·2 months (IQR 2·2-10·4) for the olaparib group and 3·5 months (1·7-4·9) for the control group. In cohort A, median time to pain progression was significantly longer with olaparib than with control (median not reached [95% CI not reached-not reached] with olaparib vs 9·92 months [5·39-not reached] with control; HR 0·44 [95% CI 0·22-0·91]; p=0·019). Pain interference scores were also better in the olaparib group (difference in overall adjusted mean change from baseline score -0·85 [95% CI -1·31 to -0·39]; pnominal=0·0004). Median time to progression of pain severity was not reached in either group (95% CI not reached-not reached for both groups; HR 0·56 [95% CI 0·25-1·34]; pnominal=0·17). In patients who had not used opiates at baseline (113 in the olaparib group, 58 in the control group), median time to first opiate use for cancer-related pain was 18·0 months (95% CI 12·8-not reached) in the olaparib group versus 7·5 months (3·2-not reached) in the control group (HR 0·61; 95% CI 0·38-0·99; pnominal=0·044). The proportion of patients with clinically meaningful improvement in FACT-P total score during treatment was higher for the olaparib group than the control group: 15 (10%) of 152 evaluable patients had a response in the olaparib group compared with one (1%) of evaluable 77 patients in the control group (odds ratio 8·32 [95% CI 1·64-151·84]; pnominal=0·0065). Median time to first symptomatic skeletal-related event was not reached for either treatment group (olaparib group 95% CI not reached-not reached; control group 7·8-not reached; HR 0·37 [95% CI 0·20-0·70]; pnominal=0·0013). INTERPRETATION Olaparib was associated with reduced pain burden and better-preserved HRQOL compared with the two control drugs in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and homologous recombination repair gene alterations who had disease progression after a previous next-generation hormonal drug. Our findings support the clinical benefit of improved radiographical progression-free survival and overall survival identified in PROfound. FUNDING AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp & Dohme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Maha Hussain
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guilhem Roubaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Medical Oncology Dept, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Neal Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Gwenaelle Gravis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Nobuaki Matsubara
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fred Saad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Correlation Between Imaging-Based Intermediate Endpoints and Overall Survival in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Analysis of 28 Randomized Trials Using the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2) Criteria in 16,511 Patients. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:69-79. [PMID: 34903480 PMCID: PMC8816823 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) based on Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 (PCWG2) has been increasingly used as a meaningful imaging-based intermediate endpoint (IBIE) for overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In randomized phase III trials, rPFS showed good correlation with OS at the individual trial level. We aimed to assess the correlation between the hazard ratios (HR) of IBIE and OS among PCWG2-based randomized trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for randomized trials evaluating systemic treatments on mCRPC using PCWG2 up to April 15, 2020. Hazard ratios for OS and IBIEs were extracted and their correlation was assessed using weighted linear regression. Subgroup analyses were performed according to various clinical settings: prior chemotherapy, drug category, type of IBIE (rPFS vs. composite IBIE, latter defined as progression by imaging and one or a combination of PSA, pain, skeletal-related events, and performance status), and publication year. RESULTS Twenty-eight phase II-III randomized trials (16,511 patients) were included. Correlation between OS and IBIE was good (R2 = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.78). Trials using rPFS showed substantially higher correlation than those using a composite IBIE (R2 = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.32-0.82 vs. 0.00, 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.01). Correlations between OS and IBIE in other subgroups were at least moderate in nearly all subgroups (R2 = 0.32-0.91). CONCLUSION IBIEs in the era of PCWG2 correlate well with OS in randomized trials for systemic drugs in patients with mCRPC. PCWG2-based rPFS should be used instead of a composite IBIE that includes PSA and other clinical variables.
Collapse
|
21
|
Marar M, Long Q, Mamtani R, Narayan V, Vapiwala N, Parikh RB. Outcomes Among African American and Non-Hispanic White Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With First-Line Abiraterone. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2142093. [PMID: 34985518 PMCID: PMC8733836 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.42093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prospective evidence suggests abiraterone is associated with superior progression-free survival for African American men compared with non-Hispanic White men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in outcomes with first-line abiraterone therapy between African American and non-Hispanic White men with mCRPC in a national real-world cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used a nationwide electronic health record-derived database of 3808 men receiving first-line therapy for mCRPC between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2018. Data analysis was performed between January 1, 2020, and June 1, 2021. Median follow-up was 13 months (IQR, 7-22 months). Propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to reduce imbalance in measured confounders between patients receiving first-line abiraterone vs other first-line therapies. Deidentified patient data originated from a geographically diverse set of approximately 280 cancer clinics (approximately 800 sites of care) throughout the United States. Participants had newly diagnosed mCRPC and were receiving first-line systemic therapy during the study period. EXPOSURES Receipt of abiraterone for first-line therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Overall survival from start of first-line treatment. Stratified analyses investigated overall survival within each race group, with first-line enzalutamide as the comparator. RESULTS Among 3808 patients with mCRPC, there were 2615 non-Hispanic White men (68.7%; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 74 [8] years) and 404 African American men (10.6%; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 69 [9] years), and 1729 patients (45.4%) in the cohort received first-line abiraterone. Among patients receiving first-line abiraterone, African American men had higher median overall survival than non-Hispanic White men (23 months [IQR, 10-37 months] vs 17 months [IQR, 9-32 months], respectively; inverse probability of treatment weighting hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.98). A race-by-treatment interaction existed for first-line abiraterone vs first-line enzalutamide (hazard ratio for abiraterone vs enzalutamide: non-Hispanic White men, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.06-1.38]; African American men, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.74-1.50]; interaction P = .02). There was no overall survival difference between first-line abiraterone and first-line enzalutamide among African American patients (24 vs 24 months, respectively; inverse probability of treatment weighting hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74-1.50). First-line abiraterone was associated with decreased median overall survival relative to first-line enzalutamide among non-Hispanic White patients (17 months [IQR, 9-32 months] vs 20 months [IQR, 10-36 months], respectively; inverse probability of treatment weighting hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.38). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of patients who received first-line systemic therapy for mCRPC, African American men who received abiraterone had improved overall survival compared with non-Hispanic White men. Future prospective studies should assess drivers of differential abiraterone outcomes in mCRPC between African American and non-Hispanic White men, including differences in genetic factors and socioeconomic status, to inform treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Marar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Qi Long
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ronac Mamtani
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Neha Vapiwala
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ravi B. Parikh
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bennett MI, Allsop MJ, Allen P, Allmark C, Bewick BM, Black K, Blenkinsopp A, Brown J, Closs SJ, Edwards Z, Flemming K, Fletcher M, Foy R, Godfrey M, Hackett J, Hall G, Hartley S, Howdon D, Hughes N, Hulme C, Jones R, Meads D, Mulvey MR, O’Dwyer J, Pavitt SH, Rainey P, Robinson D, Taylor S, Wray A, Wright-Hughes A, Ziegler L. Pain self-management interventions for community-based patients with advanced cancer: a research programme including the IMPACCT RCT. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background
Each year in England and Wales, 150,000 people die from cancer, of whom 110,000 will suffer from cancer pain. Research highlights that cancer pain remains common, severe and undertreated, and may lead to hospital admissions.
Objective
To develop and evaluate pain self-management interventions for community-based patients with advanced cancer.
Design
A programme of mixed-methods intervention development work leading to a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention for pain management compared with usual care, including an assessment of cost-effectiveness.
Participants
Patients, including those with metastatic solid cancer (histological, cytological or radiological evidence) and/or those receiving anti-cancer therapy with palliative intent, and health professionals involved in the delivery of community-based palliative care.
Setting
For the randomised controlled trial, patients were recruited from oncology outpatient clinics and were randomly allocated to intervention or control and followed up at home.
Interventions
The Supported Self-Management intervention comprised an educational component called Tackling Cancer Pain, and an eHealth component for routine pain assessment and monitoring called PainCheck.
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was pain severity (measured using the Brief Pain Inventory). The secondary outcomes included pain interference (measured using the Brief Pain Inventory), participants’ pain knowledge and experience, and cost-effectiveness. We estimated costs and health-related quality-of-life outcomes using decision modelling and a separate within-trial economic analysis. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per quality-adjusted life-year for the trial period.
Results
Work package 1 – We found barriers to and variation in the co-ordination of advanced cancer care by oncology and primary care professionals. We identified that the median time between referral to palliative care services and death for 42,758 patients in the UK was 48 days. We identified key components for self-management and developed and tested our Tackling Cancer Pain resource for acceptability. Work package 2 – Patients with advanced cancer and their health professionals recognised the benefits of an electronic system to monitor pain, but had reservations about how such a system might work in practice. We developed and tested a prototype PainCheck system. Work package 3 – We found that strong opioids were prescribed for 48% of patients in the last year of life at a median of 9 weeks before death. We delivered Medicines Use Reviews to patients, in which many medicines-related problems were identified. Work package 4 – A total of 161 oncology outpatients were randomised in our clinical trial, receiving either supported self-management (n = 80) or usual care (n = 81); their median survival from randomisation was 53 weeks. Primary and sensitivity analyses found no significant treatment differences for the primary outcome or for other secondary outcomes of pain severity or health-related quality of life. The literature-based decision modelling indicated that information and feedback interventions similar to the supported self-management intervention could be cost-effective. This model was not used to extrapolate the outcomes of the trial over a longer time horizon because the statistical analysis of the trial data found no difference between the trial arms in terms of the primary outcome measure (pain severity). The within-trial economic evaluation base-case analysis found that supported self-management reduced costs by £587 and yielded marginally higher quality-adjusted life-years (0.0018) than usual care. However, the difference in quality-adjusted life-years between the two trial arms was negligible and this was not in line with the decision model that had been developed. Our process evaluation found low fidelity of the interventions delivered by clinical professionals.
Limitations
In the randomised controlled trial, the low fidelity of the interventions and the challenge of the study design, which forced the usual-care arm to have earlier access to palliative care services, might explain the lack of observed benefit. Overall, 71% of participants returned outcome data at 6 or 12 weeks and so we used administrative data to estimate costs. Our decision model did not include the negative trial results from our randomised controlled trial and, therefore, may overestimate the likelihood of cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions
Our programme of research has revealed new insights into how patients with advanced cancer manage their pain and the challenges faced by health professionals in identifying those who need more help. Our clinical trial failed to show an added benefit of our interventions to enhance existing community palliative care support, although both the decision model and the economic evaluation of the trial indicated that supported self-management could result in lower health-care costs.
Future work
There is a need for further research to (1) understand and facilitate triggers that prompt earlier integration of palliative care and pain management within oncology services; (2) determine the optimal timing of technologies for self-management; and (3) examine prescriber and patient behaviour to achieve the earlier initiation and use of strong opioid treatment.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18281271.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 9, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Bennett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew J Allsop
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Bridgette M Bewick
- Psychological and Social Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Julia Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute for Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S José Closs
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zoe Edwards
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Kate Flemming
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Marie Fletcher
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute for Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robbie Foy
- Division of Primary Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mary Godfrey
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia Hackett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Geoff Hall
- Division of Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Suzanne Hartley
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute for Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Howdon
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Claire Hulme
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Jones
- Yorkshire Centre for Health Informatics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Meads
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew R Mulvey
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John O’Dwyer
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sue H Pavitt
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Sally Taylor
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Angela Wray
- Psychological and Social Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Lucy Ziegler
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Association of Baseline Patient-reported Health-related Quality of Life Metrics with Outcome in Localised Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 34:e61-e68. [PMID: 34728131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) outcomes are pivotal in oncology, the prognostic significance of patient-reported HR-QoL metrics is largely undefined in localised prostate cancer. We report the association of baseline HR-QoL metrics with overall survival and toxicity in localised prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a phase III randomised controlled study conducted in a single-payer health system. Patients with Gleason score ≤7, clinical stage T1b-T3a and prostate-specific antigen <30 ng/ml were randomised to neoadjuvant and concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for 6 months starting 4 months before prostate radiotherapy or concurrent and adjuvant ADT for 6 months starting simultaneously with prostate radiotherapy. HR-QoL scores were estimated using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL questionnaire. A multistate Markov model was used to determine the association of baseline HR-QoL metrics with overall survival and a multilevel multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the association with the incidence of delayed-onset grade ≥3 radiotherapy-related toxicities. To adjust for multiple analyses, P < 0.025 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Overall, 393 patients with baseline HR-QoL data were included in this analysis: 194 in the neoadjuvant arm and 199 in the adjuvant arm. Baseline financial difficulty (hazard ratio 1.020, 95% confidence interval 1.010-1.030, P = 0.02) and dyspnoea (hazard ratio 1.020, 95% confidence interval 1.003-1.030, P = 0.01) were associated with inferior overall survival. Baseline dyspnoea was associated with a higher incidence of grade ≥3 toxicity (hazard ratio 1.020, 95% confidence interval 1.010-1.030, P = 0.023). CONCLUSION In a cohort of localised prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and short-term ADT, a 10-point higher baseline financial difficulty or dyspnoea was associated with a 20% increased risk of death. With each 10-point increase in baseline dyspnoea, we noted a 20% increase in the associated risk of grade ≥3 delayed-onset radiotherapy-related toxicity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yoneda T, Hiasa M, Okui T, Hata K. Sensory nerves: A driver of the vicious cycle in bone metastasis? J Bone Oncol 2021; 30:100387. [PMID: 34504741 PMCID: PMC8411232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the preferential target organs of cancer metastasis. Bone metastasis is associated with various complications, of which bone pain is most common and debilitating. The cancer-associated bone pain (CABP) is induced as a consequence of increased neurogenesis, reprogramming and axonogenesis of sensory nerves (SNs) in harmony with sensitization and excitation of SNs in response to the tumor microenvironment created in bone. Importantly, CABP is associated with increased mortality, of which precise cellular and molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Bone is densely innervated by autonomic nerves (ANs) (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves) and SNs. Recent studies have shown that the nerves innervating the tumor microenvironment establish intimate communications with tumors, producing various stimuli for tumors to progress and disseminate. In this review, our current understanding of the role of SNs innervating bone in the pathophysiology of CABP will be overviewed. Then the hypothesis that SNs facilitate cancer progression in bone will be discussed in conjunction with our recent findings that SNs play an important role not only in the induction of CABP but also the progression of bone metastasis using a preclinical model of CABP. It is suggested that SNs are a critical component of the bone microenvironment that drives the vicious cycle between bone and cancer to progress bone metastasis. Suppression of the activity of bone-innervating SNs may have potential therapeutic effects on the progression of bone metastasis and induction of CABP.
Collapse
Key Words
- AN, autonomic nerve
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells
- Bone microenvironment
- CABP, cancer-associated bone pain
- CALCRL, calcitonin receptor-like receptor
- CAP, cancer-associated pain
- CCL2, C–C motif chemokine 2
- CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide
- CNS, central nervous system
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- CREB, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein
- CRPC, castration-resistant prostate cancer
- CXCL1, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1
- CXCL2, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2
- Cancer-associated bone pain
- DRG, dorsal root ganglion
- ERK1/2, extracellular receptor kinase ½
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
- GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α
- HMGB-1, high mobility group box-1
- HSCs, hematopoietic stem cells
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MOR, mu-opioid receptor
- NE, norepinephrine
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NI, nerve invasion
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Nociceptors
- OA, osteoarthritis
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PNI, perineural invasion
- PanIN, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia
- Perineural invasion
- RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products
- RAMP1, receptor activity modifying protein 1
- RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- RTX, resiniferatoxin
- SN, sensory nerves
- SP, substance P
- SRE, skeletal-related event
- Sensory nerves
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- TRPV1
- TrkA, tyrosine kinase receptor type 1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide
- a3V-H+-ATPase, a3 isoform vacuolar proton pump
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineerings, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Biopathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Broemer L, Hinz A, Koch U, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A. Prevalence and Severity of Pain in Cancer Patients in Germany. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:703165. [PMID: 35295423 PMCID: PMC8915680 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.703165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom in cancer patients, restricts daily life activities and reduces survival time. Identification of sociodemographic, medical and psychological correlates of pain among cancer patients in Germany could help identify subgroups most in need of pain management. In this multicenter, epidemiologic cross-sectional study, we assessed pain prevalence and severity, quality of life (QoL) and psychological distress in a sample of 3,745 cancer patients across all tumor entities. In total, 37.9% patients suffered from cancer-related pain and 56.1% suffered from non-specific pain. Younger, female, less educated and unemployed patients reported pain more frequently and more severe pain (p < 0.001). Pain was associated with distress, depression, anxiety, QoL, tumor stage (p < 0.001), and time since diagnosis (p = 0.012). Pain assessment and pain management should be a routine part of cancer treatment and cancer survivorship care plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Broemer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Laura Broemer
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Koch
- Department of Medical Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
George DJ, Halabi S, Heath EI, Sartor AO, Sonpavde GP, Das D, Bitting RL, Berry W, Healy P, Anand M, Winters C, Riggan C, Kephart J, Wilder R, Shobe K, Rasmussen J, Milowsky MI, Fleming MT, Bearden J, Goodman M, Zhang T, Harrison MR, McNamara M, Zhang D, LaCroix BL, Kittles RA, Patierno BM, Sibley AB, Patierno SR, Owzar K, Hyslop T, Freedman JA, Armstrong AJ. A prospective trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in Black and White men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer 2021; 127:2954-2965. [PMID: 33951180 PMCID: PMC9527760 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective analyses of randomized trials suggest that Black men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have longer survival than White men. The authors conducted a prospective study of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone to explore outcomes by race. METHODS This race-stratified, multicenter study estimated radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) in Black and White men with mCRPC. Secondary end points included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics, overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory analysis included genome-wide genotyping to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with progression in a model incorporating genetic ancestry. One hundred patients self-identified as White (n = 50) or Black (n = 50) were enrolled. Eligibility criteria were modified to facilitate the enrollment of individual Black patients. RESULTS The median rPFS for Black and White patients was 16.6 and 16.8 months, respectively; their times to PSA progression (TTP) were 16.6 and 11.5 months, respectively; and their OS was 35.9 and 35.7 months, respectively. Estimated rates of PSA decline by ≥50% in Black and White patients were 74% and 66%, respectively; and PSA declines to <0.2 ng/mL were 26% and 10%, respectively. Rates of grade 3 and 4 hypertension, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia were higher in Black men. CONCLUSIONS Multicenter prospective studies by race are feasible in men with mCRPC but require less restrictive eligibility. Despite higher comorbidity rates, Black patients demonstrated rPFS and OS similar to those of White patients and trended toward greater TTP and PSA declines, consistent with retrospective reports. Importantly, Black men may have higher side-effect rates than White men. This exploratory genome-wide analysis of TTP identified a possible candidate marker of ancestry-dependent treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Halabi
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - A. Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Guru P. Sonpavde
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Devika Das
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rhonda L. Bitting
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - William Berry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Healy
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Monika Anand
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carol Winters
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Colleen Riggan
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julie Kephart
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rhonda Wilder
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kellie Shobe
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Julia Rasmussen
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew I. Milowsky
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Michael Goodman
- W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R. Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Megan McNamara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bonnie L. LaCroix
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Brendon M. Patierno
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander B. Sibley
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Steven R. Patierno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A. Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew J. Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jasu J, Tolonen T, Antonarakis ES, Beltran H, Halabi S, Eisenberger MA, Carducci MA, Loriot Y, Van der Eecken K, Lolkema M, Ryan CJ, Taavitsainen S, Gillessen S, Högnäs G, Talvitie T, Taylor RJ, Koskenalho A, Ost P, Murtola TJ, Rinta-Kiikka I, Tammela T, Auvinen A, Kujala P, Smith TJ, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Isaacs WB, Nykter M, Kesseli J, Bova GS. Combined Longitudinal Clinical and Autopsy Phenomic Assessment in Lethal Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Recommendations for Advancing Precision Medicine. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 30:47-62. [PMID: 34337548 PMCID: PMC8317817 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic identification of data essential for outcome prediction in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) would accelerate development of precision oncology. OBJECTIVE To identify novel phenotypes and features associated with mPC outcome, and to identify biomarker and data requirements to be tested in future precision oncology trials. DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed deep longitudinal clinical, neuroendocrine expression, and autopsy data of 33 men who died from mPC between 1995 and 2004 (PELICAN33), and related findings to mPC biomarkers reported in the literature. INTERVENTION Thirty-three men prospectively consented to participate in an integrated clinical-molecular rapid autopsy study of mPC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data exploration with correction for multiple testing and survival analysis from the time of diagnosis to time to death and time to first occurrence of severe pain as outcomes were carried out. The effect of seven complications on the modeled probability of dying within 2 yr after presenting with the complication was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Feature exploration revealed novel phenotypes related to mPC outcome. Four complications (pleural effusion, severe anemia, severe or controlled pain, and bone fracture) predict the likelihood of death within 2 yr. Men with Gleason grade group 5 cancers developed severe pain sooner than those with lower-grade tumors. Surprisingly, neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation was frequently observed in the setting of high serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (≥30 ng/ml). In 4/33 patients, no controlled (requiring analgesics) or severe pain was detected, and strikingly, 14/15 metastatic sites studied in these men did not express NE markers, suggesting an inverse relationship between NE differentiation and pain in mPC. Intracranial subdural metastasis is common (36%) and is usually clinically undetected. Categorization of "skeletal-related events" complications used in recent studies likely obscures the understanding of spinal cord compression and fracture. Early death from prostate cancer was identified in a subgroup of men with a low longitudinal PSA bandwidth. Cachexia is common (body mass index <0.89 in 24/31 patients) but limited to the last year of life. Biomarker review identified 30 categories of mPC biomarkers in need of winnowing in future trials. All findings require validation in larger cohorts, preferably alongside data from this study. CONCLUSIONS The study identified novel outcome subgroups for future validation and provides "vision for mPC precision oncology 2020-2050" draft recommendations for future data collection and biomarker studies. PATIENT SUMMARY To better understand variation in metastatic prostate cancer behavior, we assembled and analyzed longitudinal clinical and autopsy records in 33 men. We identified novel outcomes, phenotypes, and aspects of disease burden to be tested and refined in future trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho Jasu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Teemu Tolonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | - Susan Halabi
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mario A. Eisenberger
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael A. Carducci
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Medical and Forensic Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles J. Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sinja Taavitsainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biosciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Cancer Science, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Gunilla Högnäs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Timo Talvitie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | | | - Antti Koskenalho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Netwerk, Wilrijk (Antwerp), Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teemu J. Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Irina Rinta-Kiikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Kujala
- Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Thomas J. Smith
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Matti Nykter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - Juha Kesseli
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| | - G. Steven Bova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Prostate Cancer Research Center, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Labriola M, George DJ. Differences in Toxicity and Outcomes in Clinical Trial Participants From Minority Populations. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:1-5. [PMID: 33929878 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_319899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Black men have a higher prevalence of and mortality rate from prostate cancer compared with White men and have been shown to present with more aggressive and later-stage disease. How prostate cancer treatment affects these racial disparities is still unclear. Several studies have shown that Black men who receive treatment have a more pronounced decrease in prostate cancer-specific death; however, there remains a large disparity in all-cause mortality. This disparity may be in part related to a higher risk of death resulting from comorbidities, given the higher rates of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Black men, both of which are complicated by the use of androgen-deprivation therapy. To further understand these disparities, it is important that we analyze the racial differences in adverse event rates and severity. Increasing the percentage of Black men in clinical trials will improve the understanding of the biologic drivers of racial disparities in prostate cancer. To evaluate the potential differences in adverse event reporting and demonstrate the feasibility of enrolling equal numbers of Black and White men in trials, we performed a prospective, multicenter study of abiraterone plus prednisone with androgen-deprivation therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, stratified by race. Racial differences in prostate-specific antigen kinetics and toxicity profile were demonstrated. Higher rates and severity of adverse events related to adrenal hormone suppression, including hypertension, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia, were seen in the Black cohort, not previously reported. Increased enrollment of Black men in prostate cancer clinical trials is imperative to further understand the impact of race on clinical outcomes and treatment tolerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Labriola
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel J George
- Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Ahmed ME, Joshi VB, Badawy M, Pagliaro LC, Karnes RJ, Lowe V, Thorpe MP, Kwon ED, Kendi AT. Radium-223 in the Third-Line Setting in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Impact of Concomitant Use of Enzalutamide on Overall Survival (OS) and Predictors of Improved OS. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:223-229. [PMID: 33632570 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radium-223 (Ra-223) has been recommended for bone-dominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Second-generation hormone therapy in combination with Ra-223 in mCRPC has been utilized, yet its benefit has not been well elucidated. We investigated the potential survival benefit of concomitant enzalutamide with Ra-223 in the third-line setting and predictors of improved overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 51 patients with bone-dominant mCRPC that were treated with Ra-223 in the postchemotherapy and post-hormone therapy setting, either alone (group A; n = 32) or with concomitant enzalutamide (group B; n = 19). The primary endpoint was to study the OS difference between groups A and B. The secondary endpoint was to identify predictors of improved OS with Ra-223 in the third-line setting. RESULTS Mean age was 70.9 years, median baseline prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) was 23.1 ng/mL, alkaline phosphatase was 91 IU/L, and hemoglobin was 12.5 g/dL. There was no difference in median OS between groups A and B, at 20.4 versus 17.5 months, respectively (P = .5186). In univariate and multivariate analyses, only pre-Ra-223 PSA < 30 ng/mL and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < 2 were associated with improved OS. CONCLUSION In our study cohort, concomitant use of enzalutamide with Ra-223 in the mCRPC setting was not associated with improved OS. Only pretreatment PSA < 30 ng/mL and pretreatment Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status < 2 were associated with improved OS. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Badawy
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lance C Pagliaro
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Val Lowe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew P Thorpe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - A Tuba Kendi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bergius S, Roine RP, Taari K, Sintonen H. Health-Related Quality of Life and Survival in Prostate Cancer Patients in a Real-World Setting. Urol Int 2020; 104:939-947. [PMID: 32957098 DOI: 10.1159/000510319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and survival of real-world prostate cancer (PC) patients and to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) experienced under different treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC patients undergoing active surveillance (n = 226), radiation treatment (n = 280), surgery (n = 299), or hormonal treatment (n = 62) responded to the generic 15-dimensional (15D) HRQoL questionnaire at the time of the diagnosis and were followed up 3, 6, 12, and 24 months later. QALYs experienced during the follow-up were calculated for each treatment group, and variables associated with survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS HRQoL was stable during the first 2 years after diagnosis in all other treatment groups, except in patients treated with hormonal therapy. The overall survival within 6.5-year follow-up time was 84.4%. The number of QALYs experienced during the 2-year follow-up was similar in patients in active surveillance (1.790), surgery (1.784), and radiation groups (1.767), but significantly lower in the hormonal therapy group (1.665). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving hormonal treatment had significantly impaired HRQoL and survival compared with other treatments. Although the number of QALYs experienced was similar in the 3 other treatment lines, there were marked differences between treatment lines on some 15D dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bergius
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, .,Amgen AB, Espoo, Finland,
| | - Risto P Roine
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Group Administration, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Sintonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bitting RL, Goodman M, George DJ. Racial Disparity in Response to Prostate Cancer Systemic Therapies. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
33
|
Iacovelli R, Ciccarese C, Caffo O, De Giorgi U, Tucci M, Mosillo C, Bimbatti D, Pierantoni F, Maines F, Casadei C, Buttigliero C, Milella M, Tortora G. The prognostic value of pain in castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:654-660. [PMID: 32651468 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related pain, usually associated with bone metastases, is a frequent and debilitating morbidity in patients with prostate cancer. To date there are only limited data regarding the prognostic role of pain in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). The objective of our analysis was to assess if the presence of pain can be considered an independent prognostic factor in mCSPC patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with mCSPC referring to six oncology centers in Italy. Clinical and pathological features were recorded. Patients were considered to have pain if this was reported within the patient's file or in case of a chronic analgesic therapy was found among the concomitant medications. Survivals were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared across groups using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard models, stratified according to the baseline characteristics, were used to estimate hazard ratios for overall survival (OS). All the variables were significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS Data about pain were available for 365 cases and pain was present in 34.8% of patients. Pain was mainly associated with high value of prostate-specific antigen, metastatic bone extension regardless of the site, and lymph node involvement. mCSPC patients with pain had in most of the cases high-volume or Hr disease, and significant shorter OS (27.0 vs. 58.2 months, p < 0.001) and PFS (10.1 vs. 17.4 months, p < 0.001) compared to those without pain. The negative impact of pain on OS remained significant even if adjusted for CHAARTED or LATITUDE classification, and other significant baseline prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS This analysis supports the poor prognostic role of cancer-related pain in the setting of mCSPC patients. A prospective validation is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iacovelli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38112, Trento, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute Romagnolo for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Mosillo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, Terni, Italy
| | - Davide Bimbatti
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Maines
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38112, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute Romagnolo for the Study and Treatment of Cancer (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prognostic value of patient-reported outcomes from international randomised clinical trials on cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2020; 20:e685-e698. [PMID: 31797795 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A previous review published in 2008 highlighted the prognostic significance of baseline patient-reported outcomes (PROs) as independent predictors of the overall survival of patients with cancer in clinical studies. In response to the methodological limitations of studies included in the previous review, recommendations were subsequently published in the same year to promote a higher level of methodological rigour in studies of prognostic factors. Our systematic review aimed to provide an update on progress with the implementation of these recommendations and to assess whether the methodological quality of prognostic factor analyses has changed over time. Of the 44 studies published between 2006 and 2018 that were included in our review, more standardisation and rigour of the methods used for prognostic factor analysis was found compared with the previous review. 41 (93%) of the trials reported at least one PRO domain as independently prognostic. The most common significant prognostic factors reported were physical functioning (17 [39%] studies) and global health or quality of life (15 [34%] studies). These findings highlight the value of PROs as prognostic or stratification factors in research across most types of cancer.
Collapse
|
35
|
Alcorn SR, Fiksel J, Wright JL, Elledge CR, Smith TJ, Perng P, Saleemi S, McNutt TR, DeWeese TL, Zeger S. Developing an Improved Statistical Approach for Survival Estimation in Bone Metastases Management: The Bone Metastases Ensemble Trees for Survival (BMETS) Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 108:554-563. [PMID: 32446952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a machine learning approach optimizes survival estimation for patients with symptomatic bone metastases (SBM), we developed the Bone Metastases Ensemble Trees for Survival (BMETS) to predict survival using 27 prognostic covariates. To establish its relative clinical utility, we compared BMETS with 2 simpler Cox regression models used in this setting. METHODS AND MATERIALS For 492 bone sites in 397 patients evaluated for palliative radiation therapy (RT) for SBM from January 2007 to January 2013, data for 27 clinical variables were collected. These covariates and the primary outcome of time from consultation to death were used to build BMETS using random survival forests. We then performed Cox regressions as per 2 validated models: Chow's 3-item (C-3) and Westhoff's 2-item (W-2) tools. Model performance was assessed using cross-validation procedures and measured by time-dependent area under the curve (tAUC) for all 3 models. For temporal validation, a separate data set comprised of 104 bone sites treated in 85 patients in 2018 was used to estimate tAUC from BMETS. RESULTS Median survival was 6.4 months. Variable importance was greatest for performance status, blood cell counts, recent systemic therapy type, and receipt of concurrent nonbone palliative RT. tAUC at 3, 6, and 12 months was 0.83, 0.81, and 0.81, respectively, suggesting excellent discrimination of BMETS across postconsultation time points. BMETS outperformed simpler models at each time, with respective tAUC at each time of 0.78, 0.76, and 0.74 for the C-3 model and 0.80, 0.78, and 0.77 for the W-2 model. For the temporal validation set, respective tAUC was similarly high at 0.86, 0.82, and 0.78. CONCLUSIONS For patients with SBM, BMETS improved survival predictions versus simpler traditional models. Model performance was maintained when applied to a temporal validation set. To facilitate clinical use, we developed a web platform for data entry and display of BMETS-predicted survival probabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Alcorn
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Jacob Fiksel
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean L Wright
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christen R Elledge
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J Smith
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Powell Perng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah Saleemi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Todd R McNutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Theodore L DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott Zeger
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zheng J, He J, Wang W, Zhou H, Cai S, Zhu L, Qian X, Wang J, Lu Z, Huang C. The impact of pain and opioids use on survival in cancer patients: Results from a population-based cohort study and a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19306. [PMID: 32118751 PMCID: PMC7478583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore whether cancer-related pain and opioids use are associated with the survival of cancer patients, and perform a cohort study and a meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude of any association.A retrospective cohort study was performed to analyze the impact of pain level, and opioids use on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in advanced cancer patients. Patients and relevant medical records were selected from the registry of the Radiation and chemotherapy division of Ningbo First Hospital between June 2013 and October 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) for CSS by opioids use were calculated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The systematic review included relevant studies published before October 2018. The combined HRs and 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using random-effect models.A total of consecutive 203 cancer patients were included in the cohort study. Kaplan-Meier curves indicate a negative association between CSS and cancer-related pain or opioids requirement, but less evidence of an association with the dose of opioids use. Multivariate models revealed that the pain level and opioids requirement were associated with shorter CSS, after adjusting for significant covariates. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that postoperative opioids use had a poor effect on PFS, and opioids use for cancer-related pain was associated with poor OS in cancer patients, while intraoperative opioids use was not associated with cancer survival.We concluded that cancer-related pain and opioids requirements are associated with poor survival in advanced cancer patients, and postoperative opioids use and opioids use for cancer-related pain may have an adverse effect on the survival of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Jing He
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong
| | | | - Haidong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Saihong Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo
| | - Linhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinger Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Zihui Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| | - Changshun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Boland JW, Allgar V, Boland EG, Bennett MI, Kaasa S, Hjermstad MJ, Johnson M. The relationship between pain, analgesics and survival in patients with advanced cancer; a secondary data analysis of the international European palliative care Cancer symptom study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 76:393-402. [PMID: 31865411 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Opioids reduce cancer-related pain but an association with shorter survival is variably reported. AIM To investigate the relationship between pain, analgesics, cancer and survival within the European Palliative Care Cancer Symptom (EPCCS) study to help inform clinical decision making. METHODS Secondary analysis of the international prospective, longitudinal EPCCS study which included 1739 adults with advanced, incurable cancer receiving palliative care. In this secondary analysis, for all participants with date of death or last follow up, a multilevel Weibull survival analysis examined whether pain, analgesics, and other relevant variables are associated with time to death. RESULTS Date of death or last follow-up was available for 1404 patients (mean age 65.7 [SD:12.3];men 50%). Secondary analysis of this group showed the mean survival from baseline was 46.5 (SD:1.5) weeks (95% CI:43.6-49.3). Pain was reported by 76%; 60% were taking opioids, 51% non-opioid analgesics and 24% co-analgesics. Opioid-use was associated with decreased survival in the multivariable model (HR = 1.59 (95% CI:1.38-1.84), p < 0.001). An exploratory subgroup analysis of those with C-reactive protein (CRP) measures (n = 219) indicated higher CRP was associated with poorer survival (p = 0.001). In this model, the strength of relationship between survival and opioid-use weakened (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION Opioid-use and survival were associated; this relationship weakened in a small sensitivity-testing subgroup analysis adjusting for CRP. Thus, the observed relationship between survival and opioid-use may partly be due to tumour-related inflammation. Larger studies, measuring disease activity, are needed to confirm this finding to more accurately judge the benefits and risks of opioids in advanced progressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Boland
- Wolfson Centre for Palliative Care Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | | | - Elaine G Boland
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK
| | - Mike I Bennett
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Stein Kaasa
- Regional Advisory Unit in Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Jensen Hjermstad
- Regional Advisory Unit in Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Johnson
- Wolfson Centre for Palliative Care Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Collection of electronic patient-reported symptoms in patients with advanced cancer using Epic MyChart surveys. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:3153-3163. [PMID: 31701269 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) in routine cancer care can help identify troublesome symptoms and facilitate discussions between patients and clinicians and has been shown to improve patient satisfaction, quality of life, and survival. METHODS Eighty patients with stage IV non-hematologic malignancies on chemotherapy participated. Patient-Reported Symptom Monitoring (PRSM) surveys were sent every 14 days via the Epic MyChart system over a 12-week period. Surveys were offered via phone or paper if patients failed to complete the automated MyChart survey by day 16. Severe symptoms or concerning symptom trends were automatically highlighted in reports for clinic staff. Patients reporting severe symptoms were routed to oncology nursing triage for standard symptom care management. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-one surveys were sent during the 12-week study period. One hundred eighty-three surveys (66%) were completed, with 68% completed electronically via MyChart, 25% by paper, and 7% by phone call from a research coordinator. At least one severe symptom was reported on 36% of all surveys. However, most severe symptoms did not result in urgent triage follow-up because they were already being addressed and/or patients felt they were manageable. Patients and clinicians generally said the ePRO was efficient and helpful for addressing distressing symptoms and would use it in routine oncology care. CONCLUSION ePROs can be integrated into the electronic health record using the Epic MyChart system. Patients and clinicians gave positive feedback on the system. Monitoring symptoms in real time may soon become part of standard oncology practice and requires seamless methods for collection.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chang WK, Tai YH, Lin SP, Wu HL, Tsou MY, Chang KY. An investigation of the relationships between postoperative pain trajectories and outcomes after surgery for colorectal cancer. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:865-871. [PMID: 31373923 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although animal studies have shown that pain can suppress host immunity and promote tumor metastasis, few clinical studies have evaluated the association between acute pain and long-term outcomes after cancer surgery. METHODS Patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection at a medical center between November 2010 and December 2014 were collected. Pain intensity was recorded using a numeric rating scale at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours postoperatively. Group-based modeling of longitudinal pain scores was used to categorize pain trajectories. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 2401 patients with 13 931 pain score observations were analyzed. The trajectory model identified three groupings of inpatient postsurgical pain, including 70.3% with mild pain dropping to low (group 1), 20.0% with moderate/severe pain dropping to mild (group 2), and 9.7% with moderate pain rebounding to severe (group 3). Univariate models showed that pain trajectories were significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (group 2 vs 1: hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.47 and group 3 vs 1: HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.30-2.04) and overall survival (group 2 vs 1: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.77 and group 3 vs 1: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.51). However, the associations disappeared after adjusting for other significant risk factors. CONCLUSION Abnormal pain resolution identified by pain trajectory analysis and resulting from complex interactions among disease progression, surgery, and analgesia may be considered as an indicator of an inferior prognosis following colorectal cancer resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kuei Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Hsuan Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Pin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Ling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Yung Tsou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Basch EM, Scholz M, de Bono JS, Vogelzang N, de Souza P, Marx G, Vaishampayan U, George S, Schwarz JK, Antonarakis ES, O'Sullivan JM, Kalebasty AR, Chi KN, Dreicer R, Hutson TE, Dueck AC, Bennett AV, Dayan E, Mangeshkar M, Holland J, Weitzman AL, Scher HI. Cabozantinib Versus Mitoxantrone-prednisone in Symptomatic Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Phase 3 Trial with a Primary Pain Endpoint. Eur Urol 2019; 75:929-937. [PMID: 30528222 PMCID: PMC6876845 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastases in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are associated with debilitating pain and functional compromise. OBJECTIVE To compare pain palliation as the primary endpoint for cabozantinib versus mitoxantrone-prednisone in men with mCRPC and symptomatic bone metastases using patient-reported outcome measures. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial (COMET-2; NCT01522443) in men with mCRPC and narcotic-dependent pain from bone metastases who had progressed after treatment with docetaxel and either abiraterone or enzalutamide. INTERVENTION Cabozantinib 60mg once daily orally versus mitoxantrone 12mg/m2 every 3wk plus prednisone 5mg twice daily orally. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary endpoint was pain response at week 6 confirmed at week 12 (≥30% decrease from baseline in patient-reported average daily worst pain score via the Brief Pain Inventory without increased narcotic use). The planned sample size was 246 to achieve ≥90% power. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Enrollment was terminated early because cabozantinib did not demonstrate a survival benefit in the companion COMET-1 trial. At study closure, 119 participants were randomized (cabozantinib: N=61; mitoxantrone-prednisone: N=58). Complete pain and narcotic use data were available at baseline, week 6, and week 12 for 73/106 (69%) patients. There was no significant difference in the pain response with cabozantinib versus mitoxantrone-prednisone: the proportions of responders were 15% versus 17%, a -2% difference (95% confidence interval: -16% to 11%, p=0.8). Barriers to accrual included pretreatment requirements for a washout period of prior anticancer therapy and a narcotic optimization period to maximize analgesic dosing. CONCLUSIONS Cabozantinib treatment did not demonstrate better pain palliation than mitoxantrone-prednisone in heavily pretreated patients with mCRPC and symptomatic bone metastases. Future pain-palliation trials should incorporate briefer timelines from enrollment to treatment initiation. PATIENT SUMMARY Cabozantinib was not better than mitoxantrone-prednisone for pain relief in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and debilitating pain from bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Basch
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Mark Scholz
- Prostate Oncology Specialists, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK
| | | | - Paul de Souza
- Western Sydney University School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gavin Marx
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney and Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, Australia
| | | | - Saby George
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kim N Chi
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Dreicer
- Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Amylou C Dueck
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Antonia V Bennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica Dayan
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
De Vincentis G, Frantellizzi V, Follacchio GA, Farcomeni A, Pani A, Samaritani R, Schinzari G, Santini D, Cortesi E. No evidence of association between psychological distress and pain relief in patients with bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with 223Radium. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13112. [PMID: 31148330 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Painful bone metastases cause reduced quality of life (QoL) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Alpha-emitter 223Radium is associated with a clear survival benefit and significant bone pain palliation in CRPC patients with symptomatic bone metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pain relief and psychological distress during the time course of therapy in patients treated with 223Radium. METHODS A total of 63 patients with mCRPC undergoing 223Radium treatment in our Nuclear Medicine Unit, carefully instructed on the possibility of improving the pain and increasing the survival by the treatment, were retrospectively evaluated. Pain response during treatment was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory Numeric Rating Scale. Psychological distress was evaluated through the analysis of specific items from EORTC QoL questionnaires C30 and BM22, submitted to patients at baseline and after each 223Radium cycle. RESULTS Pain intensity showed a significant decrease after first 223Radium administration (-1.03 points, p = 0.0032), with a subsequent stability through the course of treatment (-1.30 points, p = <0.001). Psychological status did not show significant variations during 223Radium treatment, and no association was found between psychological status and pain relief in our population. CONCLUSIONS In our experience, bone pain palliation provided by 223Radium do not correlate with an improved psychological status in patients with advanced PC. This observation emphasises the role of the psychological aspect in the evaluation of the QoL and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in which the emotional aspect of the patient is carefully evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Vincentis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,PhD Program: Angio-Cardio-Thoracic Pathophisiology and Imaging, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Anna Follacchio
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Pani
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Milan "La Statale", Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Clinical Oncology Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cortesi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
George B, Minello C, Allano G, Maindet C, Burnod A, Lemaire A. Opioids in cancer-related pain: current situation and outlook. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3105-3118. [PMID: 31127436 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite progress in treatments, cancer pain remains underestimated, poorly assessed and under-treated. Prescribing strong opioids, because of their specificities, requires precision in management considering their pharmacology but also a clear understanding of recommendations. Some clinicians highlight the risk of addiction, excessive sedation and respiratory depression and their need for information. Our objective in this review is to suggest some clinical guidance for the positioning and daily use of opioids within cancer pain management. METHODS Critical reflection based on literature analysis and clinical practice. RESULTS Strong opioids may be initiated as soon as pain diagnosis is defined. Factors to consider are pain aetiology, opioid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, genetic polymorphism, physiology (age, gender, weight and pregnancy), comorbidities (especially renal, hepatic, cardiovascular diseases), chronobiology, environmental factors, medication interference and treatment adherence. Achieving the best-balanced opioid treatment for background pain is complex, mainly due to the variable benefit/risk ratio between individuals and the experience of breakthrough cancer pain. Opioid initiation alongside a dynamic reassessment of pain should be fully integrated into the patient's management to optimise analgesia. The efficacy and safety of a strong opioid treatment need to be re-evaluated and adapted to individuals constantly as it varies over time. CONCLUSIONS Cancer pain is multimorphic and permanently changing due to disease evolution, curative treatments and disruptive events (concomitant treatments, pain from associated disease, comorbidities and complications, modifications of the environment). Well-managed opioids are the cornerstone of a complex environment requiring multidisciplinary dynamic assessments integrated into the patient's care pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Minello
- Anaesthesia-Intensive Care Department, Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Gilles Allano
- Pain Management Unit, Mutualist Clinic of la Porte-de-Lorient, Lorient, France
| | - Caroline Maindet
- Pain Management Centre, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Burnod
- Department of Supportive Care, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Lemaire
- Oncology and Medical Specialties Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, Valenciennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Strategies for interventional therapies in cancer-related pain-a crossroad in cancer pain management. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3133-3145. [PMID: 31093769 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interventional therapies are important to consider when facing cancer pain refractory to conventional therapies. The objective of the current review is to introduce these effective strategies into dynamic interdisciplinary pain management, leading to an exhaustive approach to supportive oncology. METHODS Critical reflection based on literature analysis and clinical practice. RESULTS Interventional therapies act on the nervous system via neuromodulation or surgical approaches, or on primitive or metastatic lesions via interventional radiotherapy, percutaneous ablation, or surgery. Interventional therapies such as neuromodulations are constantly evolving with new technical works still in development. Nowadays, their usage is better defined, depending on clinical situations, and their impact on quality of life is proven. Nevertheless their availability and acceptability still need to be improved. To start with, a patient's interdisciplinary evaluation should cover a wide range of items such as patient's performance and psychological status, ethical considerations, and physiochemical and pharmacological properties of the cerebrospinal fluid for intrathecal neuromodulation. This will help to define the most appropriate strategy. In addition to determining the pros and cons of highly specialized interventional therapies, their relevance should be debated within interdisciplinary teams in order to select the best strategy for the right patient, at the right time. CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, the use of the interventional therapies can be limited by the requirement of specific trained healthcare teams and technical support, or the lack of health policies. However, these interventional strategies need to be proposed as soon as possible to each patient requiring them, as they can greatly improve quality of life.
Collapse
|
44
|
Minello C, George B, Allano G, Maindet C, Burnod A, Lemaire A. Assessing cancer pain-the first step toward improving patients' quality of life. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3095-3104. [PMID: 31076899 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies on cancer patients have shown that cancer pain still remains underestimated, poorly assessed, and under-treated. Pain relief should be considered as early as possible within personalized care and as an integral part of quality healthcare in many countries. Nevertheless, personalized care is still insufficiently taken into consideration, partly due to improper or incomplete assessment of cancer pain. The objective of this article is to propose a practical approach to this complex assessment, as the first step to improving patients' quality of life. METHODS Critical reflection based on literature analysis and clinical practice. RESULTS Assessment of cancer pain means evaluating the pain intensity over time, the dimensions of pain (sensory-discriminative, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral), the pathophysiological nature of pain (neuropathic, nociceptive, and nociplastic), the etiology, and the patient's perception (diffuse, localized, global). Cancer patients may have simple or multiple forms of pain (mixed, overlapped, combined, and associated). Furthermore, with the use of new specific therapies, the symptomatology of pain is also changing, and certain cancers are becoming chronic. Thus, cancer pain is an archetype of multimorphic pain, and its dynamic assessments (regular and repeated) require a multimodal and targeted approach in order to offer personalized pain management. Multimodal pain treatment must be adapted to the elements that disrupt cancer pain, to the patient's cancer and to the specific treatments. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic assessments of pain demand the simplest, and the most complete possible procedure, to avoid feasibility problems or self-/hetero-assessment excesses that might lead to less precise and less reliable results. Multimodal and interdisciplinary approaches are being developed, making it possible to optimize cancer pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Minello
- Anaesthesia-Intensive Care Department, Cancer Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Gilles Allano
- Pain Management Unit, Mutualist Clinic of la Porte-de-l'Orient, Lorient, France
| | - Caroline Maindet
- Pain Management Center, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexis Burnod
- Department of Supportive Care, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Lemaire
- Oncology and Medical Specialties Department, Valenciennes General Hospital, Valenciennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tombal B, Saad F, Penson D, Hussain M, Sternberg CN, Morlock R, Ramaswamy K, Ivanescu C, Attard G. Patient-reported outcomes following enzalutamide or placebo in men with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (PROSPER): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:556-569. [PMID: 30770294 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the PROSPER trial, enzalutamide significantly improved metastasis-free survival in patients with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here, we report the results of patient-reported outcomes of this study. METHODS In the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 PROSPER trial, done at 254 study sites worldwide, patients aged 18 years or older with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer and a prostate-specific antigen doubling time of up to 10 months were randomly assigned (2:1) via an interactive voice web recognition system to receive oral enzalutamide (160 mg per day) or placebo. Randomisation was stratified by prostate-specific antigen doubling time and baseline use of a bone-targeting agent. The primary endpoint was metastasis-free survival, reported elsewhere. Secondary efficacy endpoints, reported here, were pain progression (assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form [BPI-SF] questionnaire) and health-related quality of life (assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire [EORTC QLQ-PR25], the EuroQoL 5-Dimensions 5-Levels health questionnaire visual analogue scale [EQ-5D-FL, EQ-VAS], and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P] questionnaires). Patients completed questionnaires at baseline, week 17, and every 16 weeks thereafter until treatment discontinuation. We used predefined questionnaire thresholds to identify clinically meaningful changes. Enrolment for PROSPER is complete and follow-up continues. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02003924. FINDINGS Between Nov 26, 2013, and June 28, 2017, 1401 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive enzalutamide (n=933) or placebo (n=468). Median follow-up was 18·5 months (IQR 10·7-29·2) in the enzalutamide group and 15·1 months (7·4-25·9) in the placebo group. Patient-reported outcome scores at baseline were similar between groups. Changes in least squares mean from baseline to week 97 favoured enzalutamide versus placebo for FACT-P social and family wellbeing (0·30 [95% CI -0·25 to 0·85] vs -0·64 [-1·51 to 0·24]; difference 0·94 [95% CI 0·02 to 1·85]; p=0·045) and disfavoured enzalutamide versus placebo for EORTC QLQ-PR25 hormonal treatment-related symptoms (1·55 [0·26 to 2·83) vs -1·83 [-3·86 to 0·20]; difference 3·38 [1·24 to 5·51]; p=0·0020); neither of these changes were clinically meaningful. No significant differences were observed between treatments for changes from baseline to week 97 in any other patient-reported outcome score. Time to clinically meaningful pain progression as assessed by BPI-SF pain severity was longer with enzalutamide than with placebo (median 36·83 months, [95% CI 34·69 to not reached [NR] vs NR; hazard ratio [HR] 0·75 [95% CI 0·57 to 0·97]; p=0·028); there was no significant difference for BPI-SF item 3 or pain interference. Time to clinically meaningful symptom worsening was longer with enzalutamide than with placebo for EORTC QLQ-PR25 urinary symptoms (median 36·86 months [95% CI 33·35 to NR] vs 25·86 [18·53 to 29·47]; HR 0·58 [95% CI 0·46 to 0·72]; p<0·0001) and bowel symptoms (33·15 [29·50 to NR] vs 25·89 [18·43 to 29·67]; 0·72 [0·59 to 0·89]; p=0·0018), and clinically meaningful health-related quality of life as assessed by FACT-P total score (22·11 [18·63 to 25·86] vs 18·43 [14·85-19·35]; 0·83 [0·69 to 0·99]; p=0·037), emotional wellbeing (36·73 [33·12 to 38·21] vs 29·47 [22·18 to 33·15]; 0·69 [0·55 to 0·86]; p=0·0008), and prostate cancer subscale (18·43 [14·85 to 18·66] vs 14·69 [11·07 to 16·20]; 0·79 [0·67 to 0·93]; p=0·0042), although there was no significant difference for other FACT-P scores. Time to clinically meaningful deterioration in EORTC QLQ-PR25 hormonal treatment-related symptoms was shorter with enzalutamide than with placebo (median 33·15 months [95% CI 29·60 to NR] vs 36·83 [29·47 to NR]; HR 1·29 [95% CI 1·02 to 1·63]; p=0·035). Time to deterioration of EQ-VAS was significantly longer for enzalutamide than for placebo (median 22·11 months [95% CI 18·46 to 25·66] vs 14·75 [11·07 to 18·17]; HR 0·75 [95% CI 0·63 to 0·90]; p=0·0013). INTERPRETATION Patients with non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide had longer metastasis-free survival than did those who received placebo, while maintaining low pain levels and prostate cancer symptom burden and high health-related quality of life. Enzalutamide showed a clinical benefit by delaying pain progression, symptom worsening, and decrease in functional status, compared with placebo. These findings suggest that enzalutamide is a treatment option that should be discussed with patients presenting with high-risk, non- metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. FUNDING Astellas Pharma Inc, Medivation LLC (a Pfizer Company).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Tombal
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal/CRCHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Penson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maha Hussain
- Northwestern University Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Evidence Synthesis to Accelerate and Improve the Evaluation of Therapies for Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2019; 5:137-143. [PMID: 30713089 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are many ongoing randomised trials of promising therapies for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), but standard systematic reviews may not synthesise these in a timely or reliable way. We demonstrate how a novel approach to evidence synthesis is being used to speed up and improve treatment evaluations for mHSPC. This more prospective, dynamic, and collaborative approach to systematic reviews of both trial results and individual participant data (IPD) is helping in establishing quickly and reliably which treatments are most effective and for which men. However, mHSPC is a complex disease and trials can be lengthy. Thus, parallel efforts will synthesise further IPD to identify early surrogate endpoints for overall survival and prognostic factors, to reduce the duration and improve the design of future trials. The STOPCAP M1 repository of IPD will be made available to other researchers for tackling new questions that might arise. The associated global, collaborative forum will aid strategic and harmonised development of the next generation of mHSPC trials (STOPCAP M1; http://www.stopcapm1.org). PATIENT SUMMARY: We report how a worldwide research effort will review results and anonymised data from advanced prostate cancer trials in new and different ways. We will work out, as quickly as possible, which advanced prostate cancer treatments are best and for which men. We will also find which measures of prostate cancer control and which cancer and patient characteristics can be used to shorten and improve trials of newer treatments. Finally, we describe how the data will help answer new questions about advanced prostate cancer and its treatments.
Collapse
|
47
|
Clinical Trials and Their Principles in Urologic Oncology. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
48
|
Borno H, George DJ, Schnipper LE, Cavalli F, Cerny T, Gillessen S. All Men Are Created Equal: Addressing Disparities in Prostate Cancer Care. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:302-308. [PMID: 31099647 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_238879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The global cancer burden is estimated to have risen to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths in 2018. By 2030, the number of cancer cases is projected to increase to 24.6 million and the number of cancer deaths, to 13 million. Global data mask the social and health disparities that influence cancer incidence and survival. Inequality in exposure to carcinogens, education, access to quality diagnostic services, and affordable treatments all affect the probability of survival. Worryingly, despite the fact that many cancers could be prevented by stronger public health actions and many others could be largely cured by better access to diagnostics and affordable treatments, the international community has yet to make a substantial move to tackle this challenge. In prostate cancer, studies show that there are geographic and racial/ethnic distribution differences as well as a number of other variables, including environmental factors, limited access to standard cancer treatments, reduced probability to be included in trials, and the financial burden of cancer treatments. Financial burden for the patients can result in poor adherence, increased debt, and poor long-term outcomes. The following article will discuss some of the important causes for disparity in prostate cancer and prostate cancer care, focused on the current situation in the United States, as well as possible remedies to address these causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Borno
- 1 University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Franco Cavalli
- 4 Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Cerny
- 5 Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Roviello G, Gallicchio R, Bozza G, Rodriquenz MG, Aieta M, Storto G. Pain predicts overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with radium-223. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:9-13. [PMID: 30588025 PMCID: PMC6301292 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s174206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radium-223 dichloride is an alpha emitter approved for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unfortunately, little data are available on the prognostic factors during radium-223-based therapy. Patients and methods Patients with histologically confirmed progressive CRPC with two or more bone metastases and symptomatic disease were eligible. Previous therapy with a novel hormonal therapy was allowed. The patients received six intravenous injections of radium-223 every 4 weeks. A visual analog scale (VAS) was adopted to evaluate patients’ basal pain. Results A total of 25 patients were evaluated. Of these, 6 (24%) reported VAS <4. After a median follow-up of 8 months, all patients died with a median overall survival of 8.3 months (95% CI: 5.2–11.8 months), 12.6 months in the patients with VAS <4 vs 6.6 months in the patients with VAS ≥4 (P=0.03). Conclusion The present study suggests that VAS could be prognostic of the survival of mCRPC treated with radium-223 irrespective of the limitations of a small number of patients and the retrospective nature of the data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy,
| | - Rosj Gallicchio
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bozza
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy,
| | - Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy,
| | - Michele Aieta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy,
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sensory nerves (SNs) richly innervate bone and are a component of bone microenvironment. Cancer metastasis in bone, which is under the control of the crosstalk with bone microenvironment, induces bone pain via excitation of SNs innervating bone. However, little is known whether excited SNs in turn affect bone metastasis. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer cells colonizing bone promote neo-neurogenesis of SNs and excite SNs via activation of the acid-sensing nociceptors by creating pathological acidosis in bone, evoking bone pain. Denervation of SNs or inhibition of SN excitation decreases bone pain and cancer progression and increases survival in preclinical models. Importantly, patients with cancers with increased SN innervation complain of cancer pain and show poor outcome. SNs establish the crosstalk with cancer cells to contribute to bone pain and cancer progression in bone. Blockade of SN excitation may have not only analgesic effects on bone pain but also anti-cancer actions on bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hiasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| |
Collapse
|