1
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Esmaeli B, Fan J, Goldberg H, Lu T, Gross ND, Akhave N, Sousa LG, Ferrarotto R. Immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy for orbital, conjunctival, and ocular adnexal squamous cell carcinoma. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024:S0008-4182(24)00166-2. [PMID: 39043259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periocular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively rare and presents unique anatomic considerations due to proximity to the eye and risk to ocular structures associated with high-dose radiation therapy or radical surgery. We present our observations in patients with periocular SCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in an effort to decrease surgical morbidity or avoid high-dose radiation therapy. METHODS Retrospective review of patients with orbital, conjunctival, or periocular SCC who were treated with ICI either in the neoadjuvant setting prior to surgery or for treatment of perineural spread in the orbit/skull base. RESULTS Twelve men and 5 women with orbital (n = 6), conjunctival (n = 5), or lacrimal sac/duct (n = 2) SCC, or SCC with perineural spread (n = 4) were treated with ICI (cemiplimab or pembolizumab) either as single drug (n = 9) or combined with chemotherapy (n = 8). Overall, 5 patients achieved complete response, 8 patients achieved partial response, and 4 patients achieved stable disease, using the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) criteria. The objective response rate was 76.5%. In 12 patients ICI was used in the neoadjuvant setting prior to surgery. In 4 patients with perineural spread and unresectable disease, ICI was used to avoid high-dose radiation therapy. One additional patient with conjunctival SCC with nodal metastasis was treated with ICI alone and achieved a dramatic complete response and has thus far managed to avoid surgery altogether. CONCLUSIONS ICI either as single drug or in combination with chemotherapy has a high response rate in patients with periocular SCC. Future prospective trials should aim to correlate molecular data with response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Esmaeli
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Janet Fan
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hila Goldberg
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tracy Lu
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Neal Akhave
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luana Guimaraes Sousa
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Dhillon J, Li DQ, Burnier M, Shenouda G, Arthurs BP, El-Hadad C. Cemiplimab for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the orbit, periocular adnexa, and thigh. Orbit 2024; 43:258-264. [PMID: 36052515 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2118789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The current case presentation highlights the potential of cemiplimab, a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, as first-line treatment for periocular metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) without requiring curative surgery or radiotherapy. A 64-year-old male presented with a progressing 4.5 × 3.0 cm left upper eyelid lesion initially diagnosed as psoriasis. Work-up revealed cutaneous SCC with tumor invasion into extraconal fat and lacrimal gland, and metastasis to the left parotid lymph node. The patient also presented with a suspicious lesion on his left medial thigh found to be a second primary on pathology. To avoid orbital exenteration and treat the multifocal disease, the patient was started on intravenous cemiplimab immunotherapy. Following six doses, repeated FGD-PET-CT revealed a complete response of the left eyelid lesion and residual low-grade hypermetabolic activity of the left medial thigh lesion. Biopsy confirmed chronic inflammation and fibrosis with no signs of malignancy. This unique case with dual primary cutaneous SCC provides support for cemiplimab in treating locally invasive periocular SCC, and potentially abrogating the need for highly morbid exenteration procedures to preserve binocular vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobanpreet Dhillon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, USA
| | - Daniel Q Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, USA
| | - Miguel Burnier
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, USA
| | - George Shenouda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, USA
| | - Bryan P Arthurs
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, USA
| | - Christian El-Hadad
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, USA
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3
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Batsi Y, Antonopoulou G, Fotopoulou T, Koumaki K, Kritsi E, Potamitis C, Goulielmaki M, Skarmalioraki S, Papalouka C, Poulou-Sidiropoulou E, Kosmidou V, Douna S, Vidali MS, Gkotsi EF, Chatziioannou A, Souliotis VL, Pletsa V, Papadodima O, Zoumpourlis V, Georgiadis P, Zervou M, Pintzas A, Kostas ID. Design and Synthesis of Novel 2-Acetamido, 6-Carboxamide Substituted Benzothiazoles as Potential BRAFV600E Inhibitors - In vitro Evaluation of their Antiproliferative Activity. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300322. [PMID: 37792577 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic BRAFV600E kinase leads to abnormal activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and thus, uncontrolled cellular proliferation and cancer development. Based on our previous virtual screening studies which issued 2-acetamido-1,3 benzothiazole-6-carboxamide scaffold as active pharmacophore displaying selectivity against the mutated BRAF, eleven new substituted benzothiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized by coupling of 2-acetamidobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid with the appropriate amines in an effort to provide even more efficient inhibitors and tackle drug resistance often developed during cancer treatment. All derived compounds bore the benzothiazole scaffold substituted at position-2 by an acetamido moiety and at position-6 by a carboxamide functionality, the NH moiety of which was further linked through an alkylene linker to a sulfonamido (or amino) aryl (or alkyl) functionality or a phenylene linker to a sulfonamido aromatic (or non-aromatic) terminal pharmacophore in the order -C6 H4 -NHSO2 -R or reversely -C6 H4 -SO2 N(H)-R. These analogs were subsequently biologically evaluated as potential BRAFV600E inhibitors and antiproliferative agents in several colorectal cancer and melanoma cell lines. In all assays applied, one analog, namely 2-acetamido-N-[3-(pyridin-2-ylamino)propyl]benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxamide (22), provided promising results in view of its use in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakinthi Batsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Theano Fotopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Kassandra Koumaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Potamitis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Salomi Skarmalioraki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Papalouka
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Poulou-Sidiropoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Vivian Kosmidou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Douna
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Sofia Vidali
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Fani Gkotsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L Souliotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Papadodima
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pintzas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou Ave. 48, 11635, Athens, Greece
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Xu X, Chen D, Wu X, Wang Q. A pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma patient harboring a rare EGFR exon 19 P753S mutation: Case report and review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988625. [PMID: 36212391 PMCID: PMC9538506 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare subtype of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for about 0.6% of all primary lung adenocarcinoma. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is common in primary lung adenocarcinoma, it is rarely reported in PEAC. This case report describes a PEAC patient with co-mutations of EGFR, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and TP53, being treated with immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. A 69-year-old man complained of cough and expectoration with bloody sputum for 2 weeks. The lung-enhanced CT scan showed a massive soft tissue shadow, about 46 × 35 mm in the lower lobe of the right lung. The neoplasm sample in the lower lobe of the right lung was obtained using CT-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Immunohistochemical assays showed that the tumor was positive for CK7, CDX-2, C-MET, and villin. Gastroscopy and rectal colonoscopy had been performed respectively to exclude a diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The patient was finally diagnosed with pulmonary intestinal adenocarcinoma. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed a rare EGFR exon 19 missense mutation (c.2257C>T, p.P753S), KRAS exon 2 missense mutation (c.35G>T, p.G12V), and TP53 exon 5 missense mutation (c.401T>C, p.F134S). The lung-enhanced CT scan showed that the tumor shrank after four cycles of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy. We hope that this case report can increase the understanding of this rare type of tumor and provide new molecular indications for diagnosis and individualized treatment. Furthermore, the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy seems to be an effective therapy for PEAC. Whether the use of immunotherapy can provide clinical benefits needs to be further explored with more samples in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Wang,
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Kim Y, Lee S, Cho S, Park J, Chae D, Park T, Minna JD, Kim HH. High-throughput functional evaluation of human cancer-associated mutations using base editors. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:874-884. [PMID: 35411116 PMCID: PMC10243181 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive phenotypic characterization of the many mutations found in cancer tissues is one of the biggest challenges in cancer genomics. In this study, we evaluated the functional effects of 29,060 cancer-related transition mutations that result in protein variants on the survival and proliferation of non-tumorigenic lung cells using cytosine and adenine base editors and single guide RNA (sgRNA) libraries. By monitoring base editing efficiencies and outcomes using surrogate target sequences paired with sgRNA-encoding sequences on the lentiviral delivery construct, we identified sgRNAs that induced a single primary protein variant per sgRNA, enabling linking those mutations to the cellular phenotypes caused by base editing. The functions of the vast majority of the protein variants (28,458 variants, 98%) were classified as neutral or likely neutral; only 18 (0.06%) and 157 (0.5%) variants caused outgrowing and likely outgrowing phenotypes, respectively. We expect that our approach can be extended to more variants of unknown significance and other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggwang Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyuk Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinman Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Park
- Department of Applied Statistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ruan X, Sun Y, Wang W, Ye J, Zhang D, Gong Z, Yang M. Multiplexed molecular profiling of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion using next generation sequencing in Chinese patients. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3495-3505. [PMID: 32269623 PMCID: PMC7115151 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), which is observed in ~50% of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and most frequently in lung adenocarcinoma, is a common complication of stage III-IV NSCLC, and it can be used to predict a poor prognosis. In the present study, multiple oncogene mutations were detected, including 17 genes closely associated with initiation of advanced lung cancer, in 108 MPE samples using next generation sequencing (NGS). The NGS data of the present study had broader coverage, deeper sequencing depth and higher capture efficiency compared with NGS findings of previous studies on MPE. In the present study, using NGS, it was demonstrated that 93 patients (86%) harbored EGFR mutations and 62 patients possessed mutations in EGFR exons 18-21, which are targets of available treatment agents. EGFR L858R and exon 19 indel mutations were the most frequently observed alterations, with frequencies of 31 and 25%, respectively. In 1 patient, an EGFR amplification was identified and 6 patients possessed a T790M mutation. ALK + EML4 gene fusions were identified in 6 patients, a ROS1 + CD74 gene fusion was detected in 1 patient and 10 patients possessed a BIM (also known as BCL2L11) 2,903-bp intron deletion. In 4 patients, significant KRAS mutations (G12D, G12S, G13C and A146T) were observed, which are associated with resistance to afatinib, icotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib. There were 83 patients with ERBB2 mutations, but only two of these mutations were targets of available treatments. The results of the present study indicate that MPE is a reliable specimen for NGS based detection of somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Ruan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Ye
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Daoyun Zhang
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Gong
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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7
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Zilberg C, Lee MW, Kraitsek S, Ashford B, Ranson M, Shannon K, Iyer NG, Ch'ng S, Low THH, Palme C, Clark J, Gupta R, Yu B. Is high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck a suitable candidate for current targeted therapies? J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:17-22. [PMID: 31300530 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common malignancy, most frequently affecting the head and neck. Treatment often requires surgery and can have significant functional morbidity. Research into disease pathogenesis and second line medical management of cSCC is limited. We assess genetic mutations in high-risk, primary head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (HNcSCC) that may hinder or be beneficial for use of targeted therapy in disease management. METHODS Genetic alterations and variant allele frequencies (VAFs) were analysed using a clinically relevant 48 gene panel in 10 primary high-risk non-metastatic treatment-naïve HNcSCC to evaluate applicability of targeted therapeutics. Variants present at all VAFs were evaluated for pathogenicity. Somatic mutation patterns of individual tumours were analysed. RESULTS High-risk HNcSCC showed a high proportion (82%) of C to T transitions in keeping with ultraviolet-mediated damage. There was significant intratumour genetic heterogeneity in this cohort (MATH scores 20-89) with the two patients <45 years of age showing highest intratumour heterogeneity. TP53 was altered at VAF >22% in all cases, and mutations with highest VAF were observed in tumour suppressor genes in 80%. 70% of cases demonstrated at least one mutation associated with treatment resistance (KIT S821F, KIT T670I, RAS mutations at codons 12 and 13). CONCLUSION We demonstrate high proportion tumour suppressor loss of function mutations, high intratumour genetic heterogeneity, and presence of well recognised resistance mutations in treatment naïve primary HNcSCC. These factors pose challenges for successful utilisation of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Zilberg
- Medicine, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia .,Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Spiridoula Kraitsek
- Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerwin Shannon
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Sinnghealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sydney Ch'ng
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tsu-Hui Hubert Low
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carsten Palme
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Clark
- The Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Anatomic Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bing Yu
- Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Leccia MT, Lebbe C, Claudel JP, Narda M, Basset-Seguin N. New Vision in Photoprotection and Photorepair. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:103-115. [PMID: 30674003 PMCID: PMC6380982 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is associated with an increased incidence of skin cancer worldwide and more specifically with non-melanoma skin cancers and actinic keratosis. At the cellular level DNA damage is the main event following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The kind of lesions produced depends on the wavelength and the energy profile of the radiation, with different photoproducts being formed as a result. Although endogenous DNA repair mechanisms are somewhat effective in repairing DNA, some DNA damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. UV protection strategies, such as sunscreen use, are important in limiting further DNA damage. Several published studies have demonstrated the protective effect that regular use of sunscreen can have against the development of skin cancers. Newer options that aim to help repair damaged DNA may have an important role in reducing the incidence of chronic sun exposure-related photoaging and non-melanoma skin cancers. Photolyase, which is capable of repairing cyclobutane dimers formed as a result of DNA irradiation, is one such novel ingredient. In the first part of this paper we review the rationale for a combined treatment approach of photoprotection and photorepair with photolyase. In the second part we evaluate several published clinical studies, which suggest a beneficial effect in preventing new skin lesions in photodamaged skin. A strategy of photoprotection plus photorepair appears to be relevant for all persons with a high level of solar exposure and those at a higher risk for developing skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Leccia
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Celeste Lebbe
- Policlinique de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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9
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Anoosha P, Sakthivel R, Gromiha MM. Investigating mutation-specific biological activities of small molecules using quantitative structure-activity relationship for epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer. Mutat Res 2017; 806:19-26. [PMID: 28938109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a potential drug target in cancer therapy. Missense mutations play major roles in influencing the protein function, leading to abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. A number of EGFR inhibitor molecules targeting ATP binding domain were developed for the past two decades. Unfortunately, they become inactive due to resistance caused by new mutations in patients, and previous studies have also reported noticeable differences in inhibitor binding to distinct known driver mutants as well. Hence, there is a high demand for identification of EGFR mutation-specific inhibitors. In our present study, we derived a set of anti-cancer compounds with biological activities against eight typical EGFR known driver mutations and developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for each separately. The compounds are grouped based on their functional scaffolds, which enhanced the correlation between compound features and respective biological activities. The models for different mutants performed well with a correlation coefficient, (r) in the range of 0.72-0.91 on jack-knife test. Further, we analyzed the selected features in different models and observed that hydrogen bond and aromaticity-related features play important roles in predicting the biological activity of a compound. This analysis is complimented with docking studies, which showed the binding patterns and interactions of ligands with EGFR mutants that could influence their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anoosha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India.
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10
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Feldman R, Gatalica Z, Knezetic J, Reddy S, Nathan CA, Javadi N, Teknos T. Molecular profiling of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1625-38. [PMID: 26614708 PMCID: PMC5063170 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits high rates of recurrence, and with few approved targeted agents, novel treatments are needed. We analyzed a molecular profiling database for the distribution of biomarkers predictive of chemotherapies and targeted agents. Methods Seven hundred thirty‐five patients with advanced HNSCC (88 with known human papillomavirus [HPV] status), were profiled using multiple platforms (gene sequencing, gene copy number, and protein expression). Results Among the entire patient population studied, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the protein most often overexpressed (90%), TP53 gene most often mutated (41%), and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PIK3CA) most often amplified (40%; n = 5). With the exception of TP53 mutation, other biomarker frequencies were not significantly different among HPV‐positive or HPV‐negative patients. PIK3CA mutations and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss are frequent events, independent of HPV status. The immune response‐modulating programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) axis was active across sites, stages, and HPV status. Conclusion Molecular profiling utilizing multiple platforms provides a range of therapy options beyond standard of care. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck38: E1625–E1638, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cherie-Ann Nathan
- Louisiana State University, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | | | - Theodoros Teknos
- The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Peng L, Song Z, Jiao S. Comparison of uncommon EGFR exon 21 L858R compound mutations with single mutation. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:905-10. [PMID: 25960661 PMCID: PMC4410901 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s78984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). But little is known about the response to EGFR TKIs and the prognostic role of compound mutations. This study compared the uncommon EGFR exon 21 L858R compound mutations with single mutation to characterize EGFR compound mutations and investigated their response to EGFR TKI treatment. We retrospectively screened 799 non-small-cell lung cancer patients from August 1, 2009 to June 1, 2012 by EGFR mutation testing. EGFR mutations were detected in 443 patients, with 22 (4.97%) compound mutations. Subsequently, six patients with EGFR exon 21 L858R compound mutations and 18 paired patients with single L858R mutation were well characterized. Finally, we also analyzed the EGFR TKI treatment response and patients’ outcomes of compound or single L858R mutations. There was no differential treatment effect on the disease control rate and objective response rate between the L858R compound mutations and single mutation groups. No significant difference in overall survival or progression-free survival of these two groups was found by log-rank test. In conclusion, we demonstrated that no significant difference was detected in the response to EGFR TKIs and patients’ outcomes in the compound and single mutation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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